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EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Applications of Signal Processing in Astrophysics and Cosmology Guest Editors: Ercan E. Kuruoglu and Carlo Baccigalupi EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Applications of Signal Processing in Astrophysics and Cosmology EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Applications of Signal Processing in Astrophysics and Cosmology Guest Editors: Ercan E. Kuruoglu and Carlo Baccigalupi Copyright © 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2005 of “EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Marc Moonen, Belgium Senior Advisory Editor K. J. Ray Liu, College Park, USA Associate Editors Gonzalo Arce, USA Arden Huang, USA King N. Ngan, Hong Kong Jaakko Astola, Finland Jiri Jan, Czech Douglas O’Shaughnessy, Canada Kenneth Barner, USA Søren Holdt Jensen, Denmark Antonio Ortega, USA Mauro Barni, Italy Mark Kahrs, USA Montse Pardas, Spain Jacob Benesty, Canada Thomas Kaiser, Germany Wilfried Philips, Belgium Kostas Berberidis, Greece Moon Gi Kang, Korea Vincent Poor, USA Helmut Bölcskei, Switzerland Aggelos Katsaggelos, USA Phillip Regalia, France Joe Chen, USA Walter Kellermann, Germany Markus Rupp, Austria Chong-Yung Chi, Taiwan Lisimachos P. Kondi, USA Hideaki Sakai, Japan Satya Dharanipragada, USA Alex Kot, Singapore Bill Sandham, UK Petar M. Djurić, USA C.-C. Jay Kuo, USA Dirk Slock, France Jean-Luc Dugelay, France Geert Leus, The Netherlands Piet Sommen, The Netherlands Frank Ehlers, Germany Bernard C. Levy, USA Dimitrios Tzovaras, Greece Moncef Gabbouj, Finland Mark Liao, Taiwan Hugo Van hamme, Belgium Sharon Gannot, Israel Yuan-Pei Lin, Taiwan Jacques Verly, Belgium Fulvio Gini, Italy Shoji Makino, Japan Xiaodong Wang. USA A. Gorokhov, The Netherlands Stephen Marshall, UK Douglas Williams, USA Peter Handel, Sweden C. Mecklenbräuker, Austria Roger Woods, UK Ulrich Heute, Germany Gloria Menegaz, Italy Jar-Ferr Yang, Taiwan John Homer, Australia Bernie Mulgrew, UK Contents Editorial, Ercan E. Kuruoglu and Carlo Baccigalupi Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2397-2399 Separation of Correlated Astrophysical Sources Using Multiple-Lag Data Covariance Matrices, L. Bedini, D. Herranz, E. Salerno, C. Baccigalupi, E. E. Kuruoğlu, and A. Tonazzini Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2400-2412 Adapted Method for Separating Kinetic SZ Signal from Primary CMB Fluctuations, Olivier Forni and Nabila Aghanim Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2413-2425 Detection of Point Sources on Two-Dimensional Images Based on Peaks, M. López-Caniego, D. Herranz, J. L. Sanz, and R. B. Barreiro Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2426-2436 Blind Component Separation in Wavelet Space: Application to CMB Analysis, Y. Moudden, J.-F. Cardoso, J.-L. Starck, and J. Delabrouille Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2437-2454 Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Galaxies by Multiscale Methods, J-L. Starck, V. J. Martínez, D. L. Donoho, O. Levi, P. Querre, and E. Saar Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2455-2469 Cosmological Non-Gaussian Signature Detection: Comparing Performance of Different Statistical Tests, J. Jin, J.-L. Starck, D. L. Donoho, N. Aghanim, and O. Forni Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2470-2485 Time-Scale and Time-Frequency Analyses of Irregularly Sampled Astronomical Time Series, C. Thiebaut and S. Roques Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2486-2499 Restoration of Astrophysical Images—The Case of Poisson Data with Additive Gaussian Noise, H. Lantéri and C. Theys Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2500-2513 A Data-Driven Multidimensional Indexing Method for Data Mining in Astrophysical Databases, Marco Frailis, Alessandro De Angelis, and Vito Roberto Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2514-2520 Virtually Lossless Compression of Astrophysical Images, Cinzia Lastri, Bruno Aiazzi, Luciano Alparone, and Stefano Baronti Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2521-2535 Astrophysical Information from Objective Prism Digitized Images: Classification with an Artificial Neural Network, Emmanuel Bratsolis Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2536-2545 Multiband Segmentation of a Spectroscopic Line Data Cube: Application to the HI Data Cube of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4254, Farid Flitti, Christophe Collet, Bernd Vollmer, and François Bonnarel Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2546-2558 Adaptive DFT-Based Interferometer Fringe Tracking, Edward Wilson, Ettore Pedretti, Jesse Bregman, Robert W. Mah, and Wesley A. Traub Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2559-2572 Technique for Automated Recognition of Sunspots on Full-Disk Solar Images, S. Zharkov, V. Zharkova, S. Ipson, and A. Benkhalil Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2573-2584 On-board Data Processing to Lower Bandwidth Requirements on an Infrared Astronomy Satellite: Case of Herschel-PACS Camera, Ahmed Nabil Belbachir, Horst Bischof, Roland Ottensamer, Franz Kerschbaum, and Christian Reimers Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 15, Pages 2585-2594 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2005:15, 2397–2399 c 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation Editorial Ercan E. Kuruoglu Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell’Informazione “A. Faedo” (ISTI), Area della ricerca CNR di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy Email: [email protected] Carlo Baccigalupi Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA/ISAS), via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy Email: [email protected] We live in an epoch where the frontiers of our investigation formidable challenge for signal processing. We need state-of- and comprehension of fundamental physics depend largely the-art techniques that can analyse, summarise, and extract on the light coming from the sky, that is, on the study of the necessary information from this ocean of data. galactic and extra-galactic radiation. Watching the sky, in Tocontinue with the example above, the microwave sky is principle, we have access to the highest energies conceiv- dominated by the CMB radiation, but several processes con- able, generated by the laws of nature in extreme conditions, tribute to the total emission, coming for instance from all the such as nearby black holes or even close to the origin of processes occurring along the line of sight, such as the emis- the universe itself. For example, in the microwave band, sion from other galaxies or clusters of those, as well as from the extra-Galactic radiation is dominated by a markedly the diffuse gas in our own Galaxy. Each of these processes are isotropic component, obeying a black body spectrum char- most relevant in different contexts in astrophysics and cos- acterized by a temperature of about 2.726 Kelvin. That is mology. Recently, the astrophysics field has benefited a great the relic of the Big Bang, originated just 300 000 years af- deal from the rich research work going on source separation ter the initial starting point of the universe. This radiation, in the signal processing field. Source separation aims at the namely the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radia- recovery of the various different components from the multi- tion, today is the most important observable we have to ac- band observations exploiting the differences between them, cess the mysterious physics of the Big Bang itself. The lat- induced by their independent physical origins. ter is telling us about the unknown fundamental interac- Despite the mutual interest, the two disciplines suffer tions and particles, the physics of spacetime, and the na- from lack of a common publication ground, implying that ture of quantum gravity, and represents the only way to ad- the results produced in one of them are not immediately vis- dress those issues in physics today. Electronics hardware tech- ible in the other. The aim of the present issue is to provide nology has reached in these very recent years the capabil- a unified platform that would strengthen the bridge between ity to study the tiniest details of the CMB, carrying the im- signal processing and astrophysics and cosmology and enable age of the primordial stage of cosmic geometry, structure, the sharing of information. We would like to provide astro- and composition. Such a fantastic challenge is ongoing in physicists and cosmologists with a spectrum of the most ad- this very moment, while several CMB detectors are operating vanced signal processing techniques and the signal process- and advanced probes are being designed for the forthcoming ing community an exposure to various vital real problems in decades. analysing astrophysics data that await solution. Finally, our Many breakthroughs in physics are made possible by aim is to provide a reference for present and future literature, the use of the most advanced data analysis techniques. The in the widest possible context, accounting for various appli- present datasets obtained in astrophysical and cosmologi- cations and algorithms proposed. Indeed, as the reader may cal observations are huge, and cover the entire electromag- see, the topics we collected range from solar physics, thus on netic spectrum, dealing with very different processes, from the scale of stars, to the reconstructuon of the most ambi- gamma and X-rays of the high-energy astrophysics of com- tious signal from the Big Bang, with the reconstruction of pact stars or black holes, to the microwave and infrared emis- the CMB pattern on all sky. The methods
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  • Abundances of Neutron-Capture Elements in Stars of the Galactic Disk Substructures Formed Right After the Third Dredged-Up Event Straniero Et Al

    Abundances of Neutron-Capture Elements in Stars of the Galactic Disk Substructures Formed Right After the Third Dredged-Up Event Straniero Et Al

    Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. aa˙ref˙ang c ESO 2018 September 11, 2018 Abundances of neutron-capture elements in stars of the galactic disk substructures ⋆ ⋆⋆ T.V. Mishenina1,2, M. Pignatari3, S.A. Korotin1, C. Soubiran2, C. Charbonnel4,5, F.-K. Thielemann3, T.I. Gorbaneva1, and N.Yu. Basak1 1 Astronomical Observatory, Odessa National University, and Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, Odessa Branch, T.G.Shevchenko Park, Odessa 65014 Ukraine, email:[email protected] 2 Universit´ede Bordeaux 1 - CNRS - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, UMR 5804, BP 89, 33271 Floirac Cedex, France, email:[email protected] 3 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrabe 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland email:[email protected] 4 Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland 5 IRAP, UMR 5277 CNRS and Universit´ede Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France ABSTRACT Aims. The aim of this work is to present and discuss the observations of the iron peak (Fe, Ni) and neutron-capture element (Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Eu) abundances for 276 FGK dwarfs, located in the galactic disk with metallicity -1 < [Fe/H] < +0.3. Methods. Atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of the studied stars were determined from an high resolution, high signal-to-noise echelle spectra obtained with the echelle spectrograph ELODIE at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France). Effective temperatures were estimated by the line depth ratio method and from the Hα line-wing fitting. Surface gravities (log g) were determined by parallaxes and the ionization balance of iron. Abundance determinations were carried out using the LTE approach, taking the hyperfine structure for Eu into account, and the abundance of Ba was computed under the NLTE approximation.