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Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants As Tracers of Planet Formation
Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants as Tracers of Planet Formation Thesis by Marta Levesque Bryan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2018 Defended May 1, 2018 ii © 2018 Marta Levesque Bryan ORCID: [0000-0002-6076-5967] All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Heather Knutson, who I had the great privilege of working with as my thesis advisor. Her encouragement, guidance, and perspective helped me navigate many a challenging problem, and my conversations with her were a consistent source of positivity and learning throughout my time at Caltech. I leave graduate school a better scientist and person for having her as a role model. Heather fostered a wonderfully positive and supportive environment for her students, giving us the space to explore and grow - I could not have asked for a better advisor or research experience. I would also like to thank Konstantin Batygin for enthusiastic and illuminating discussions that always left me more excited to explore the result at hand. Thank you as well to Dimitri Mawet for providing both expertise and contagious optimism for some of my latest direct imaging endeavors. Thank you to the rest of my thesis committee, namely Geoff Blake, Evan Kirby, and Chuck Steidel for their support, helpful conversations, and insightful questions. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to collaborate with Brendan Bowler. His talk at Caltech my second year of graduate school introduced me to an unexpected population of massive wide-separation planetary-mass companions, and lead to a long-running collaboration from which several of my thesis projects were born. -
Winter Constellations
Winter Constellations *Orion *Canis Major *Monoceros *Canis Minor *Gemini *Auriga *Taurus *Eradinus *Lepus *Monoceros *Cancer *Lynx *Ursa Major *Ursa Minor *Draco *Camelopardalis *Cassiopeia *Cepheus *Andromeda *Perseus *Lacerta *Pegasus *Triangulum *Aries *Pisces *Cetus *Leo (rising) *Hydra (rising) *Canes Venatici (rising) Orion--Myth: Orion, the great hunter. In one myth, Orion boasted he would kill all the wild animals on the earth. But, the earth goddess Gaia, who was the protector of all animals, produced a gigantic scorpion, whose body was so heavily encased that Orion was unable to pierce through the armour, and was himself stung to death. His companion Artemis was greatly saddened and arranged for Orion to be immortalised among the stars. Scorpius, the scorpion, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so that Orion would never be hurt by it again. To this day, Orion is never seen in the sky at the same time as Scorpius. DSO’s ● ***M42 “Orion Nebula” (Neb) with Trapezium A stellar nursery where new stars are being born, perhaps a thousand stars. These are immense clouds of interstellar gas and dust collapse inward to form stars, mainly of ionized hydrogen which gives off the red glow so dominant, and also ionized greenish oxygen gas. The youngest stars may be less than 300,000 years old, even as young as 10,000 years old (compared to the Sun, 4.6 billion years old). 1300 ly. 1 ● *M43--(Neb) “De Marin’s Nebula” The star-forming “comma-shaped” region connected to the Orion Nebula. ● *M78--(Neb) Hard to see. A star-forming region connected to the Orion Nebula. -
Title of the Paper
Variable Star and Exoplanet Section of Czech Astronomical Society and Planetarium Ostrava Proceedings of the 51st Conference on Variable Stars Research Planetarium Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic 1st November - 3rd November 2019 Editor-in-chief Radek Kocián Participants of the conference OPEN EUROPEAN JOURNAL ON VARIABLE STARS November 2020 http://oejv.physics.muni.cz ISSN 1801-5964 DOI: 10.5817/OEJV2020-0208 TABLE OF CONTENTS Modeling of GX Lacertae ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Cataclysmic variable CzeV404 Her ......................................................................................................................... 8 On the spin period variability in intermediate polars ............................................................................................. 11 Photometric and spectroscopic observation of symbiotic variables at private observatory Liptovská Štiavnica ... 18 Outburst activity of flare stars 2014 – 2019 ........................................................................................................... 29 2 OPEN EUROPEAN JOURNAL ON VARIABLE STARS November 2020 http://oejv.physics.muni.cz ISSN 1801-5964 DOI: 10.5817/OEJV2020-0208 INTRODUCTION The Variable Star and Exoplanet Section of the Czech Astronomical Society organized traditional autumn conference on research and news in the field of variable stars. The conference was held in a comfortable space of Ostrava Planetarium. In addition -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
The Exoplanet-Host Star Ι Horologii: an Evaporated Member of the Primordial Hyades Cluster
A&A 482, L5–L8 (2008) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20079342 & c ESO 2008 Astrophysics Letter to the Editor The exoplanet-host star ι Horologii: an evaporated member of the primordial Hyades cluster S. Vauclair1,M.Laymand1, F. Bouchy2, G. Vauclair1,A.HuiBonHoa1, S. Charpinet1, and M. Bazot3 1 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 14 Av. Ed. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014 Paris, France 3 Centro de Astrophysica da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Received 30 December 2007 / Accepted 4 March 2008 ABSTRACT Aims. We show that the exoplanet-host star iota Horologii, alias HD 17051, which belongs to the so-called Hyades stream, was formed within the primordial Hyades stellar cluster and has evaporated towards its present location, 40 pc away. Methods. This result has been obtained unambiguously by studying the acoustic oscillations of this star, using the HARPS spectrom- eter in La Silla Observatory (ESO, Chili). Results. Besides the fact that ι Hor belongs to the Hyades stream, we give evidence that it has the same metallicity, helium abun- dance, and age as the other stars of the Hyades cluster. They were formed together, at the same time, in the same primordial cloud. Conclusions. This result has strong implications for theories of stellar formation. It also indicates that the observed overmetallicity of this exoplanet-host star, about twice that of the Sun, is original and not caused by planet accretion during the formation of the planetary system. Key words. -
NLTE Analysis of Sr Lines in Spectra of Late-Type Stars with New R-Matrix Atomic Data ,
A&A 546, A90 (2012) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219406 & c ESO 2012 Astrophysics NLTE analysis of Sr lines in spectra of late-type stars with new R-matrix atomic data, M. Bergemann1, C. J. Hansen2, M. Bautista3, and G. Ruchti1 1 Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Landessternwarte, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 3 Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA Received 13 April 2012 / Accepted 5 July 2012 ABSTRACT We investigate the statistical equilibrium of neutral and singly-ionized strontium in late-type stellar atmospheres. Particular attention is given to the completeness of the model atom, which includes new energy levels, transition probabilities, photoionization and electron-impact excitation cross-sections computed with the R-matrix method. The NLTE model is applied to the analysis of Sr I and Sr II lines in the spectra of the Sun, Procyon, Arcturus, and HD 122563, showing a significant improvement in the ionization balance compared to LTE line formation calculations, which predict abundance discrepancies of up to 0.5 dex. The solar Sr abundance is log = 2.93 ± 0.04 dex, in agreement with the meteorites. We present the grid of NLTE abundance corrections for Sr I and Sr II lines that covers a wide range of stellar parameters. Key words. atomic data – line: formation – radiative transfer – Sun: abundances – stars: abundances – stars: atmospheres 1. Introduction calculations solving for radiative transfer in NLTE for a small grid or red giant model atmospheres (Short & Hauschildt 2006). -
Exep Science Plan Appendix (SPA) (This Document)
ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 1 of 61 Created By: David A. Breda Date Program TDEM System Engineer Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Dr. Nick Siegler Date Program Chief Technologist Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Concurred By: Dr. Gary Blackwood Date Program Manager Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology EXOPDr.LANET Douglas Hudgins E XPLORATION PROGRAMDate Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program ScienceScience Plan Mission DirectorateAppendix NASA Headquarters Karl Stapelfeldt, Program Chief Scientist Eric Mamajek, Deputy Program Chief Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program JPL CL#19-0790 JPL Document No: 1735632 ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 2 of 61 Approved by: Dr. Gary Blackwood Date Program Manager, Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dr. Douglas Hudgins Date Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Created by: Dr. Karl Stapelfeldt Chief Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Dr. Eric Mamajek Deputy Program Chief Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2018 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Exoplanet Exploration Program JPL CL#19-0790 ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 3 of 61 Table of Contents 1. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Virgo the Virgin
Virgo the Virgin Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac, the group tion Virgo itself. There is also the connection here with of 12 constellations that lies on the ecliptic plane defined “The Scales of Justice” and the sign Libra which lies next by the planets orbital orientation around the Sun. Virgo is to Virgo in the Zodiac. The study of astronomy had a one of the original 48 constellations charted by Ptolemy. practical “time keeping” aspect in the cultures of ancient It is the largest constellation of the Zodiac and the sec- history and as the stars of Virgo appeared before sunrise ond - largest constellation after Hydra. Virgo is bordered by late in the northern summer, many cultures linked this the constellations of Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, Crater, asterism with crops, harvest and fecundity. Corvus, Hydra, Libra and Serpens Caput. The constella- tion of Virgo is highly populated with galaxies and there Virgo is usually depicted with angel - like wings, with an are several galaxy clusters located within its boundaries, ear of wheat in her left hand, marked by the bright star each of which is home to hundreds or even thousands of Spica, which is Latin for “ear of grain”, and a tall blade of galaxies. The accepted abbreviation when enumerating grass, or a palm frond, in her right hand. Spica will be objects within the constellation is Vir, the genitive form is important for us in navigating Virgo in the modern night Virginis and meteor showers that appear to originate from sky. Spica was most likely the star that helped the Greek Virgo are called Virginids. -
Information Bulletin on Variable Stars
COMMISSIONS AND OF THE I A U INFORMATION BULLETIN ON VARIABLE STARS Nos November July EDITORS L SZABADOS K OLAH TECHNICAL EDITOR A HOLL TYPESETTING K ORI ADMINISTRATION Zs KOVARI EDITORIAL BOARD L A BALONA M BREGER E BUDDING M deGROOT E GUINAN D S HALL P HARMANEC M JERZYKIEWICZ K C LEUNG M RODONO N N SAMUS J SMAK C STERKEN Chair H BUDAPEST XI I Box HUNGARY URL httpwwwkonkolyhuIBVSIBVShtml HU ISSN COPYRIGHT NOTICE IBVS is published on b ehalf of the th and nd Commissions of the IAU by the Konkoly Observatory Budap est Hungary Individual issues could b e downloaded for scientic and educational purp oses free of charge Bibliographic information of the recent issues could b e entered to indexing sys tems No IBVS issues may b e stored in a public retrieval system in any form or by any means electronic or otherwise without the prior written p ermission of the publishers Prior written p ermission of the publishers is required for entering IBVS issues to an electronic indexing or bibliographic system to o CONTENTS C STERKEN A JONES B VOS I ZEGELAAR AM van GENDEREN M de GROOT On the Cyclicity of the S Dor Phases in AG Carinae ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : J BOROVICKA L SAROUNOVA The Period and Lightcurve of NSV ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: W LILLER AF JONES A New Very Long Period Variable Star in Norma ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::: EA KARITSKAYA VP GORANSKIJ Unusual Fading of V Cygni Cyg X in Early November ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
HIPPARCOS Age-Metallicity Relation of the Solar Neighbourhood Disc Stars
HIPPARCOS age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood disc stars A. Ibukiyama1 and N. Arimoto1;2 1 Institute of Astronomy (IoA), School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan 2 National Astronomical Observatory, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan Received /Accepted 1 July 2002 Abstract. We derive age-metallicity relations (AMRs) and orbital parameters for the 1658 solar neighbourhood stars to which accurate distances are measured by the HIPPARCOS satellite. The sample stars comprise 1382 thin disc stars, 229 thick disc stars, and 47 halo stars according to their orbital parameters. We find a considerable scatter for thin disc AMR along the one-zone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model. Orbits and metallicities of thin disc stars show now clear relation each other. The scatter along the AMR exists even if the stars with the same orbits are selected. We examine simple extension of one-zone GCE models which account for inhomogeneity in the effective yield and inhomogeneous star formation rate in the Galaxy. Both extensions of one-zone GCE model cannot account for the scatter in age - [Fe/H] - [Ca/Fe] relation simultaneously. We conclude, therefore, that the scatter along the thin disc AMR is an essential feature in the formation and evolution of the Galaxy. The AMR for thick disc stars shows that the star formation terminated 8 Gyr ago in thick disc. As already reported by ?)and?), thick disc stars are more Ca-rich than thin disc stars with the same [Fe/H]. We find that thick disc stars show a vertical abundance gradient. -
The Multidimensional Guide to Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1
THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL GUIDE TO SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, VOLUME 1 EDITED BY NAT TILANDER 2 Copyright © 2010 by Nathaniel Garret Tilander All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means—whether auditory, graphic, mechanical, or electronic—without written permission of both publisher and author, except in the case of brief excerpts used in critical articles and reviews. Unauthorized reproduction of any part of this work is illegal and is punishable by law. Cover art from the novella Last Enemy by H. Beam Piper, first published in the August 1950 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, and illustrated by Miller. Image downloaded from the ―zorger.com‖ website which states that the image is licensed under a Creative Commons Public Domain License. Additional copyrighted materials incorporated in this book are as follows: Copyright © 1949-1951 by L. Sprague de Camp. These articles originally appeared in Analog Science Fiction. Copyright © 1951-1979 by P. Schuyler Miller. These articles originally appeared in Analog Science Fiction. Copyright © 1975-1979 by Lester Del Rey. These articles originally appeared in Analog Science Fiction. Copyright © 1978-1981 by Spider Robinson. These articles originally appeared in Analog Science Fiction. Copyright © 1979-1999 by Tom Easton. These articles originally appeared in Analog Science Fiction. Copyright © 1950-1954 by J. Francis McComas. These articles originally appeared in Fantasy and Science Fiction. Copyright © 1950-1959 by Anthony Boucher. These articles originally appeared in Fantasy and Science Fiction. Copyright © 1959-1960 by Damon Knight. These articles originally appeared in Fantasy and Science Fiction.