President Lyndon B. Johnson hands pen to Senator Robert F. Kennedy during signing ceremony for Voting Rights Act, U.S. Capitol, Washington, DC, August 6, 1965 (White House Photo Office/LBJ Library/Robert Knudsen)

Executive Summary

n an address in Cape Town, South the individual Services would likely find campaigns (yes, they do exist) through the Africa, on June 6, 1966, Senator themselves in even more interesting times. medium of social media and their impact I Robert F. Kennedy stated, “There is a The early battles over aerial bombing of on public health. Still much a concern Chinese curse which says, ‘May he live naval ships, the “Revolt of the Admirals,” related to our battles in cyberspace, Jesse in interesting times.’ Like it or not, we dividing up airpower in Vietnam, the Samluk, Mark Boeke, and Marcus Neal live in interesting times. They are times Mayaguez incident, Operation Desert provide a solid set of criteria for updating of danger and uncertainty; but they are One, Grenada, and more all point to how the Services might recruit future cyber also the most creative of any time in the the need for more jointness, not less. warriors. While no one would question history of mankind.” As it turns out, We have learned that we can accomplish the strategic importance of space, Jerry we ourselves are living in interesting more when we work together to secure Drew helps us explore the operational and times: from the worldwide COVID-19 the Nation, especially when readiness tactical issues all of us need to understand pandemic to racial strife, wildfires to is low and resources are overstretched. as we consider space operations and the record numbers of hurricanes, contested “Teamwork makes the dream work,” my potential for warfighting in space. Back politics to economic crises, and more. wife often says. How could it be otherwise? here on Earth, Michael Fenzel, assisted by But when we take a hard look and do Sometimes we need to be reminded of Leslie Slootmaker and Kim Cragin, discuss some digging, we find that while we as how much we rely on each other. Often lessons learned on how to develop strategic individuals may not have been in such cir- it is as simple as rereading our nation’s insights from exploitable material collected cumstances, others have and found ways foundational documents and trying to from the battlefield. to “soldier on.” Otherwise, the human understand what they mean and how we Successful virtual Secretary of Defense race would have long ago ceased to exist. should best defend what they stand for. and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs essay This indomitable spirit is exactly what Our Forum presents four important competitions were held earlier this year, jointness does for the American military: it articles that take us from the battlefield and NDU Press proudly presents the provides the ways and means to continue in a traditional sense to the far reaches winners of some very close contests. to survive and provide, collectively, for the of the newest domain of cyber. First, So close, in fact, that we declared a tie defense of our nation. Left to figure out Sarah Gamberini helps us explore the in the Secretary of Defense Strategic how to defend the United States alone, potential effects of Russian disinformation Research Paper category. From the

2 Forum / Executive Summary JFQ 99, 4th Quarter 2020 U.S. Army War College, Roderick Butz offers his research on the use of remotely piloted airstrikes as a tool of statecraft. Answering the call for ideas about Great Power competition with China, Kaleb Redden, from the National War College, offers his suggested U.S. strategy toward the People’s Republic of China. Jeremy McKissack, from the Air War College, won the Chairman of the Joint Chief’s Strategy Paper category with his analysis of President Donald Trump’s interventions in military justice cases. In the Chairman’s Strategy Article category, Mark Zais, of the U.S. Army War College, gives us his take on artificial intelligence and military decisionmaking. Due to circumstances beyond our con- trol, we are unable to provide Roderick Butz’s winning essay in this issue but will do so as soon as possible. In Commentary, we get an ex- pert practitioner’s view as Terrence O’Shaughnessy helps us understand how we can leverage the emerging Joint All Domain Command and Control to achieve decision superiority. From the chaplain to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Wayne Macrae discusses how to understand religion in relation to the joint force. Part of his work is in assisting the development of new Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy speaks to crowd about racial equality, outside Justice joint doctrine in this area. As leaders at Department, June 14, 1963 (Library of Congress) all levels grapple with the added load of working during a global pandemic, how to integrate physical and cyber weap- assassination—included some words that Russell Williford and Wendi Peck offer ons in combat. may help all of us see our road ahead a their suggestions on how to achieve suc- In Recall, we are pleased to offer bit more clearly. He stated, “It is from cess in military organizations. two fine articles that tie us to our past in numberless diverse acts of courage such Leading off Features, James Cook order to understand what we could and as these that the belief that human history offers an excellent article on the value of should do in the future. From the Joint is thus shaped. Each time a man stands joint concepts to a joint planner. After Staff History Office, Michael Rouland up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot several calls from my colleagues here at the and Christian Fearer help us learn about of others, or strikes out against injustice, Eisenhower School for more articles on the long and nuanced history of the he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and mobilization, and having a second place Insurrection Act. The first lesson is that crossing each other from a million dif- winner in the 2019 Chairman of the Joint there is no such act. Most military history ferent centers of energy and daring those Chiefs of Staff Strategy Paper competition students look to World War II for lessons ripples build a current which can sweep at hand on the topic, we offer Matthew of fighting with allies, but Fideleon down the mightiest walls of oppression Gaetke’s views on the right questions to Damian offers an excellent account of and resistance.” To me that is what ask as we consider what mobilizing for coalition operations in the opening year Americans, especially those in uniform, war today should resemble. Next, Michael of the Korean War. In addition, we bring aspire to do. Let us know what you think. St. Jeanos offers an up-to-date primer on you three excellent book reviews and our Be safe. JFQ the U.S. Coast Guard. And to help us joint doctrine update. understand the connections between the Robert Kennedy’s speech that day William T. Eliason “boom” and the “zaps,” Josiah Dykstra, in 1966—on a then unprecedented Editor in Chief Chris Inglis, and Thomas Walcott describe trip and exactly 2 years before his

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