of FreshwaterSciences. Aquaculture FacilityattheSchool There isa“river”thatexitsthe (2) Strong E. E., Gargominy O., O., Gargominy E., E. (2) Strong (1) Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W. & Berg, M.B. (2008) M.B. Berg, & Cummins, K.W. R.W., (1) Merritt, Bibliography (4) JB(1975). Wallace, (2004-13) Nueswanger, Jason(3) FWS Functional y y Establishing an Invertebrate Community for Water Quality Improvement Quality for Water Invertebrate Community an Establishing y y y liters the Background: residual Other Primary y y Our Goal Our Problem General Primary Energy A y y y y y y y y y y y y y viewed it asawasted resource. water meet River. Although this building, combines with storm water generates a 650 g/min. effluent stream. Thiseffluentthe drains from the WATERinstitute at aquaculture facility the fish January 2013, As of stream along the building’s new southern face. educational resource in the form ofan ecologically artificial functional, Develop a plantoconverttheWATER institute’s waste water an into Cytophaga Actinobacteria: of air infinehairsaroundtheir posterior spiracles.(1) of characteristic by filterers and gatherers.(1) by filterersand particulate consumption organic matterfor break plant down tissue into fineandcourse to stream ecosystemis the shredders role in detritus from decaying leaves debris. woody detritus from to strictly aquatic.Aquaticcranefly larvae subsist of on allmanner Crane fly larvae live in awidevariety of habitats. 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(3) Giller, (1) 2 Gao, (2) flow the Aggregate in Escherichia pebbles, so areas (and break front Bacteria from feed In Periphyton. Ͳ community The the Flavobacteria: invertebrates PonderW. F. is and Between Suspended Aquatic InsectEncyclopedia nitrifying flow A The collects debris. guts stone bacteria is found systems. Annals of Entomological Society of America mixture fungi) and Practicum pools mission and or The slow. the Responsible of down fine Bacterial X source of is ifl coat biofilm S. of et & Bouchet P. (2008). (2008). 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The discharge ground viaastormsewertothe Currently thisstreamfl of of course : for Primary in Kendall Hunt Publishing Company Publishing Hunt Kendall from stream: Streams source Ex: organic Bacterial is group trap a film trap a our the Community Nutrients either matrix Yersinia. leaves, are broken and weight the matter, is proposed shredding and and of for to producers in influenced materials, microbes Architecture Aquaculture colonized bacteria on most design 1 Rivers. invertebrates, Communities twigs, dissolved down Composition (i.e. break surface Figure B Water stream. streams invertebrates drinking Oxford Nitrogen an dead Glossosoma prefers Glossosoma very clean, fastmovingwater. synchronizes their emergence, prompting a trout feeding frenzy.(3) larvae As glossosoma a turtleshell. of insects namedTrichoptera.They build thei Glossosoma is a representative from an - and plants.(1) radula to use afeedingapparatus a called Snails the world.(2) There areapproximately freshwater gastropods in 4000 species of (Class -Freshwater Snail is tokeep algae check. in the stream in Their role smallest inhabitants. the stream’s surfaces rocksandmacrophytes.Scrapers of subsist of off Grazers; feed on algae and periphyton living onsmooth into and and is such Little Black Short-horned Sedges (Caddisfly Genus Short-horned Sedges Black Little by down by artificial Scrapers 1: comprised of facility organic practicum the Practicum: microbes detritus inorganic University primary Transverse organisms, In rocks (Images as and water. 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Provide a suitable set of habitats within the design of the stream to the stream the designof suitable habitats within Provide a set of riparianbuffer zones with urban runoff stream qualityProtect from Improve water quality by neutralizin encourage a stable, productive stream ecosystem. stream stable, productive encourage a of grasses and sedges. microbes by introducing naturally be done can this hypothesis isthat suspended waste solids.Our out fish community for removing solid waste from the stream. waste from removing solid for community pu our these sketches.using For ecosystem andindicatedpotential habitat thestream function within stream roles of five major into have aligned I them findings. Phosphorus) can of Stream: Press: decomposers of 5 The or is compounds and CPOM vegetation and 1 ecological to feces, and section consumed be (Image and aquaculture that within Oxford, fine Professors JohnJanssenandJimWasley design Aquatic prevalent found 6) some Winterim 2013 Winterim chitin, and detritus, is particulate Monitoring 3 of biologically 2) England. the will Microbial an 1,4, attached 1 and FPOM Gastropoda) Gastropoda) fish. a by (See 5 carbon urban stream SFS; on be other effluent medically 3 Reconciliation Arch andEcology etc. (See particulate present Image FWS 512 being its Ecology: matter sity. capable ofsustainingbioticdiver- stream toademonstration convert thisartifi The chargetotheclasswas 5 stream to cycle organisms mouth showing ucinland functional Image 4 outgrow their cases, the local population cases, thelocal their outgrow submerged contains broken incredibly diverse order of case building incredibly diverse order of 1 (above) in important effectively remove periphyton from rocks effectively remove periphytonfrom 40: 2 in 2 (CPOM r case from small pebbles r casesmall from in theform (Image that the rposes, this willbe a beneficial Figure is 7) matter 51 Pupates of microhabitats , plants andinvertebrates. the Ͳ 60. 1,4, down aquaculture fits diverse g high P content and filtering and P content g high and 5 incincRiver. Kinnickinnic 3) an surfaces 1) 2 into organisms that (Image Dylan Olson Dylan Olson 1 FPOM) the Artificial waste aesthetically Glossosoma 6 cial subterranean cial in architecture/ecological 4) 1 products, E Freshwater 512 ) (below) Flow enhances insects willeven prey small fish. on their entirelives.Large become larger.predatory they Some matureand arepredatory for predation as to switch insects methods: engulfers, two who ingestanimals,andpiercers,pierce who tissues cells to suck and Manyaquatic fluids.(1) . fl beneficial aspredatorsof making them world the dragonflies in the fastestflying dragonflies. Theyarethelargestand spectacular adult ‘hawkers’, as are themost known Darners, also -Darner Dragonfly Nymphs (Family systemsaquaticplants. attached allmannerof to and lentic are extremely variable damselflies which A largegroupof in (Family -Pond DamselflyNymphs The top level living anim aquatic invertebrate predators feed of relations, on trophic Predators January 2013 Stream including varies y y y Suggested Once fecal effluent bacterial Microbiological the from y y y Outfall Aquaculture Water nutrients Image: design D UWM contamination, the 1200 10 mm. Also, 10 mm.astheirnamesuggests, they are strong swimmers.(1) The smallest ofthemayfly families, adults - systems. different lotic many are present in an swim Crawlers oxygen requirements. Spiny stre species for Mayflies aregreat indicator very is Spiny Crawler Like mayflies, the all -Spiny Crawler Mayfly Larvae (Family stream flow, collecting from impoundments of trapped impoundments of sediment.(1) stream flow,collectingfrom of collectionand their orientation in the stream. has been matter which broken by shredders. down Gatherers filterersdiffer from in their method Water A very similar classificaA very similar Small MinnowSmall (Family Mayfly Larvae show (4) (5) (6) Shallow levels Pools stream Source samples sample Gatherers Ͳ Monitoring: SFS. Allan, Cushing, Aquaculture and excessinorganicnutrients. and processesparticulateinputs micro-to macrobiotathatcaptures A healthystreamhasadiverse y y for Ͳ filter feed plankton.(1) on filamentous hairs.Bivalvesdrawwater into (clams) themselves within strategically position Some Filterers C 2000 Molecular Microbiological from Filterers use a variety methods totrapfine particulateof the stream organic matter from current. no Quality of 6 effluent J.D. Tests: Marsh is and collected the collected C.E. constructed (1995). amongst Enterococcus 0 0 E.Coli Aquaculture low image proposed and CFUs/1, CFUs/1, Indicator Monitoring Testing sample Using J.D. Stream levels accessed from and Monitoring Allan. onginde) Coenagrionidae intended target food source.(4) target food intended nets collect algae, detritus collect nets spin netsoffinesilkfixed family from re this members of Net spinners are a uniquefamilyamongstTrichoptera. As their namesuggests, - the water shallownear shoreonsand orgravel. Papershell is Cylindrical The Papershell-Cylindrical (Anodontoides ferussacianus) other Host 10 10 Net-spinning Caddisfly Larvae (Family Net-spinningLarvae Caddisfly Aeshnidae Water tion to thefilterers, gatherers tion also it collected stream of of Ecology: tested organisms Aquaticinsectsofcentralvirginia.blogspot.com; pennalaphotography.com Aquaticinsectsofcentralvirginia.blogspot.com; csuchico.edu; watermonitoring.uwex.edu; marietta.edu; wikipedia.org; nanfa.org; headwatersoutfitters.com; Bioweb.uwlax.edu; Credits Photo harbor Effluent: and and will (2001). indicators online Aquaculture End (Microbial Riffles/Runs Aquaculture Specific types 100 100 attract Quality on structure to Of Streams: interface Rain (Following at: mL mL ) from of protect January Stream http://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/1/1b/AquacultureEffluents.pdf for Markers: pollution. a organisms Garden Source variety stream drainage Monitoring and Effluent their Effluent of the small minnowfamilyrarely exceed am quality and hencehave high dissolved Ephemerellidae public sensitive to disturbance in the stream. sensitive disturbance in to Baetidae 9, function EPA size and shape. Damsels found inbothlotic Pond are commonly ecology 2013 Human, Tracking): d clingtoobjectsonthebottom.They of water Although They are often more agile and mobile within the mobile within agile and more They areoften and smallinvertebrates depe Standards): E. ying insects. The nymphs prey small fish. insects on and basin, different health. Horizontal View Horizontal coli of Transect View the currentoftenandcapture debris long, in avulnerable species in and and ) running Ͳ Generate monitoring areas aquaculture garden, Ͳ proposed Milwaukee incincRiver, Kinnickinnic Ͳ Milwaukee enabling offer understanding function of Identify Urban Compare These and life. post Future Stormwater/Aquaculture their shells using and incurrentsiphon Artificial preliminary ) live on the fine particulate organic the fine live on animals, excellent Academic artifi logically-functional andaesthetic liminary designconceptforaneco- landscape architectureintoapre- step towardintegratingbiologyand The SFSstudentpostersareafi Enterococcus of waters. filtration Fecal animals, microbial pools, the in the individuals Enterococcus Stormwater/Aquaculture E.Coli 0 0 stream Microbial Efforts microbial cial stream. cial different CFUs/1mL, CFUs/1mL, (measured area River, stream effluent, coliform, bacterial Stream: Chapman Hydropsychidae Press: al tissue. Ingestion is broken down into tissue. is brokendown Ingestion al which riffles, educational of water Domestic (i.e. to community how etc.) and Menomonee , San (i.e. it other to Community ecological may community Wisconsin. They prefer Wisconsin. Lake and runs along 0 1 composition will E.coli quality bacteria Diego, in gain Research CFUs/10mL CFUs/10mL nding on meshsize and shallow Hall: colony result Michigan, treats on large rocks. Their large rocks. treats on be water animals, and opportunities, , with a Enterococcus CA. London, important better comparisons tests ) end environments. response Effluent in River, forming marsh, other profiles sources Profiles: Effluent Needed: elevated and and of of of Waterfowl, England. the the the stream) 3 13 key to rain CFUs/100 harbor, of Outfall in units/mL) to CFUs/100 Outfall: aquaculture thus monitor will the levels and etc. mL of mL the rst
: Arch 636 : Winterim 2013 John Janssen and Jim Wasley Understanding
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used to filter agricultural runoff used to stream a use for ideal plantto an assimilatesbe and may heavymetals that receives stormwater runoff from roadways. Hardstem bulrush receives stormwaterrunoff that from roadways. was also chosen a for itsabilityto
( fish wasteandunea nutrients from essentialis It that themarsh wetland capable is of removingexcess nutrients since the fish effluent/sourthe nutrients since
Sago pondweed can assimilate large quantities of phosphorus which capability to their were chosenfor will aidinsuppressing algal blooms
esthetic value of thecampus Please area. refer to Figure1thedesign campus and provides a valuable opportunity to light to bring The purpose of this project to designanurban is stream to Project Background of the proposed stream. the of habitat an aspects of stream many The UWM the Harbor Campus. design for compliment the constructed urban stream will transportconstructed fish effluent will urban streamthe from aquaculture facility at theGreat Lakes Water Institute totheharbor. Currently the fish effluent is discharged into theviapipe. Byday lighting thefisheffluent stream, it
2.USDA,NRCS. 2013. ThePLANTS Database ( 1.Nassauer, Joan I.2004. Monitoring theof metropolitansuccess wetland restorations: Cultural sustainabilityand ecological fu References:
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An Harbor proposed Algae the (riparian water: Waste the waste food help important stream fish and at 2. 1. UWM a Profiles and Islands UWM diluted. large between the Initial in processes high testing define and normally functional of an design algae structural stream zones) Ͳ various Ͳ School nutrient scale organisms. flow Example School consideration oxygenate Stream of (rocks The different of oxygen, with Dissolved rate (Figure found benthic and the flow is Rip arrow and of freshwater of fish to content and a aquaculture of Architecture enhance of Design Rap Freshwater and decrease aesthetically diffuse Certain in aquatic an nutrients, food water) 100 1). functional between algae ) and hardstembulrush( headwater Oxygen, Urban in Our Ͳ 300 and and Drawn the invertebrates the plants, growth, communities. design in gallons outflow, excrement). Stream creation effluent Sciences, Figure bacteria, allows stream’s oxygen. Nutrients, characteristics Ͳ 2 pleasing . ssimilate nutrients and is commonly ssimilate nutrientsandis streams by d function while increasing the function while d t was chosen for its ability to fulfill to ability t was chosen forits assimilate nutrientseffectively. invertebrates becomes a majorfeature of the ten fish food. Sago pondweed reflects vegetation 2 per ce water contains high levels of levels contains high ce water 4 Freshwater . Sago pondweed also Sago . 2 is essentialwetland is thatthe is us we provides Pools of (habitat Travelling and http://plants.usda.gov outflow use and to distributed minute the stream Bacteria can In or The consider our Figure for algae Figure and relatively stream create of initial monoculture, variety) educational intent initial 5 from , with . Riffles a downstream, and In with 512 3 , stream 2, conpetsacutus Schoenoplectus how relates along Freshwater MILWAUKEE’S INNER HARBOR is influx an the an Institute for EcologicalDesign water the to fish undisturbed the an environment urban create the aquaculture potential influx the could gradient river causes Figure Distribution the purposes. quality stream or , 12 ,January 2013). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC27401-4901 USA. river stream the Shallow water variable continuum a Water of live 512, stagnant 3. a Wetland Marsh filtration) wastewater fish (natural environments. continuum. to and and rapid A in construction we for characteristics facility be schematic various River food of nutrient how habitats Marsh specific are inhabited increase Invertebrates aquatic concept ) and Continuum seeking these provides areas (the Quality values. excrement while freshwater demonstrates could Collaboration in environment. characteristics and macro invertebrates, fish, ducks, and other waterfowl. invertebrates, fish, ducks,and and macro species including micro of variety food fora and pondweed,cover pickerel weed,andhardstembulrushprovide functional ecosystem. a creating Providing habitat for a widevarietyof wildlife is another priority in with annual plant, would be unable to propagate. unable to annual plant, wouldbe an remains between54-64rice, year; therefore, wild °F throughoutthe to germinate. seed dormancyand45°F break The source water to requires 35 °F water temperatures rice at Wild source water. of the wetland. was found It to beincompatible with thetemperature range palustris Wild rice(Zizania function wetlands attractive than designed purelyforecological deemed more are flowering plants noticeable arrangementof a wetlands with be esthetically pleasing as wellas funct Finally inordertocreate a successful constructed wetland, needs it to illustration on thedifferent plants diverse, interesting, and appealing wetland. Refer toFigure3for an leaf heights,shapes, in promote a variety and flowercolorscreate a to sediments substrate inhibiting that forms the marsh a thickmatover system rhizome root a These plantshave erosion from wind and wave forces. wind anderosion from These plantsreduce bank alsostream system. rhizomeillustration root of the ( natans pondweed, floating-leaved pondweed( Sago wetland. established habitatwithinthe substrate additionswhichwould disturb re-suspension.need for Excessthe lossof sedimentin wouldresult constructed is essentialover aliner,it to reduce erosion and substrate plant choices. Since the marsh wetland and stream are being wetlandreduce erosionfactor was into another marsh keyability The wastewater 8 depicted S. acutus) to profiles nutrients, which nutrient Aquaculture avoiding create best 1 wildlife with Effluent ), pickerel weed( benefit to the 1 in . The proposed plants for the marsh wetland were chosen wetland to were marsh The proposedplantsforthe . a Ͳ rich the 2 the and in our were chosen for theirabilitytocontrolerosion. . (Refer to Figure2foran Evaluation Winter upne Solids Suspended Phosphorus Figure pH TKN Nutrient Analysis coverage benthic recommended Total Demand Oxygen Biochemical Temperature Water could Water we two aquatic phosphorus nutrient look times (MMSD) the versus the re-suspension of the Total Using The Providing In discovered outfall Nitrogen effluent at otdracordata Pontederia order Phosphorus create greater Hardness 5. the Quality: difference initial organisms. algal ) was initially considered for themarsh Phosphorus: Table in aquaculture concentrations of of nction. nction. Practicum: outfall were the to Nutrient the loading solutions Assessment anoxic growth. Caroline water sources than determine that potential concentration, Sago pondweed,Sago floating-leaved If of stream negligible. Wetlands the in in levels within the marsh wetland. Nutrient in the the quality conditions concentration normally the Concentrations effluent aquaculture Possible in the for EPA phosphorus ional. Studies have found that have Studies ional. bottom the harbor, Designing and urban if ), and hardstem bulrush hardstem ), and total the o 24(2).Dec2004:756-765 , Vol in there and Comparing Concentrations Mosley recommended aquaculture <1.0 7.4 0.44 140 0.58 mg/L 3/18/11 MMSD <2.0 12 Relation Freshwater my System. Courtesy of UWEX ofSystem. Courtesy Figure 2: RhizomeRoot occurring stream analyzed detrimental the Ͳ concentration in Ͳ stream, 18 nutrient could 7.5 I Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ analysis 1.9 2.4 was 0.60 0.59 performed stagnant effluent high ȚC 2 between concentration could a to create Milwaukee difference phosphorus by phosphorus. from concentrations, facility Stream to MMSD water and effects phosphorus in potentially the Potamogetan the phosphorus limited the mg/L 1/10/13 Freshwater 0.88 of the 512 outfall EPA and dissolved effluent Water input and an Ͳ Aquaculture on between include 0.91 Metropolitan in concentrations guidelines the habitat March the foster is inhibit of concentration Quality outfall 5 Artificial 512 focusing in aquaculture analysis Ͳ the benthic phosphorus 9 the the bacterial 13, times for incincRiver. Kinnickinnic the and Effluent in aquaculture aquaculture 6.5 <1.0 P Recommended EPA <0.1 mg/L 2011 <2.0 N/A 60 <10 other 2011, harbor. outfall the in the represents concentration phosphorus blue and aquaculture Figure Sewage 3 the on amount Ͳ greater algae the on Ͳ 250 recommendations, 8.0 • • • • • Pickerel Weed could effluent aquaculture • • • • • Floating-Leaved Pondweed outfall the coloration growth. harbor. Guenther Paula Courtesy of plants. wetland profile of proposed Height Figure 3: 6 January effluent vegetation facility . present we 2,,8 4. Provides waterfowl, ducks,foodcover and for muskrats. fish and for Once established will blockoutotheremergents. range 4.9-8.7 pH Can survive of waterbut in up 50 to cmgrowsbest a in depthof30cm. Emergent plant thatgrowsaheight to of1m entering Note: Curly-Leaved Pondweed ( Curly-Leaved Pondweed Note: range 5.8-7.5 pH life span rate/short Rapid growth deep m 2 water lessthan Found in Submerged plant withfloatingleaves blooms, limiting District Sampling encourage were than of a water. facility effluent in analysis effluent high as Complete 9,2013 Stream is in the in the in able the well 5 effluent which both or water Ͳ 6 The 9 and EPA 8 to as on ( otdracordata) Pontederia • • • • • • Hardstem Bulrush • • • • • Sago Pondweed Often forms monocultures Often forms agricultural water water/used filter to from contaminants Assimilates nutrientsand muskrats. Provides fish,waterfowl,and habitat for and food wave forces. and wind buffer from erosion bycreatinga Controls range 5.2-8.5 pH Emergent plant thatgrowsaheight of 1-3m. to Pondweed Suppresses algal blooms by blooms Suppresses algal velocityshorelineReduces wave erosion thereby reducing invertebrates and macro source forducksandhabitatmicro food for Important deep m 2 water lessthan Found in Submerged floating leaves with no Brock Water. (5)Rob Cummings: (6)USEPA. from negatively product and (2)Milwaukee (4)Madigan, Water nts.pdf (1)Kreger, References Water Other Shallow A) Potential institute 27:31 could allow monitored sampled and (7)Vannote, USEPA http://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/1/1b/AquacultureEfflue Journal (3)Murphy for and microbes food Shaded B) out oxygen overall the (8)Aquaculture and Water fish )Intelligent C) • • • Yellow Water Buttercup Sago TKN Biochemical Suspended the metabolism nutrients food and broad-leafed arrowhead and Commonly foundalongside floating pondweed, bladderwort, water Found slowmovingshallow(<2mdeep) in substrate. Floating sometimesfoundrootedinto flower 0.5mtallthatis ammonium measured state fish continued would residence shoreline of benthic encourage and http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq/wqcontinuum.html Ͳ solid re Biology 36. Nutrient Quality: Quality: Quality: a website: Paddock, determination nitrogenous (2012). Nitrogen: ( available of Ͳ Ͳ excreted food oaaea natans Potamagetan stream oxygenate water effluent and/or excrement) as Solutions Fisheries United C. impact particulates future naturally , San Floating-leaved P. crispus) R. J. algae. settable, M.T., (2004, Marsh Areas and and decrease of would Metropolitan Pondweed Solids: and time as L. downstream. Chapter after Stream benthic Oxygen image A Ammonia The Francisco, of ( could (NH ( irognss (12 Microorganisms. excrement. 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( The suspended Buttercup Algal online major Science aucl flabellaris) Ranunculs in Quality Relation with (BOD): oxygen. biodegradable physical organics colloidal, Dunlap, continuum matter mg/L A period solids and other River stagnant mechanics organic in settle District and in modified decomposition th nutrients vegetation Growth toxic downstream. at: natural ) water ed.). , other form. Protection Conditions of the 37 fish, growth as could organic (TKN) to Metropolitan settle, ) of P.V., in A and (usually January dissolved solids . or nitrogenous a nitrogen, (2011). Pearson amount shallow Stream 5 the pools and characterized vegetation A concept. continuum dissolved. single Pickerel waters. days chemical of from affect Weed and is high of while organic and marsh. in particulates the an should . Agency, that by 6 11, photosynthetic the Clark, Retrieved Great A the concentration marsh solution Water indicator by of oxygen Benjamin decreased flow the ammonia microorganisms) Anal. marsh rip 2013 Canadian oxygen stream Sewage would bacteria characteristics The water metabolic . matter around be dissolved Retrieved rap D.P. lakes rate Hardstem Office could by Quality Chim. in carefully Bulrush vegetation could method (such and from for (2009). their and will used water (NH District. flow. (fish and the draw of riffles Acta be will as 3 size ), in of FreshwaterSciences. Aquaculture FacilityattheSchool There isa“river”thatexitsthe (2) Strong E. E., Gargominy O., O., Gargominy E., E. (2) Strong (1) Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W. & Berg, M.B. (2008) M.B. Berg, & Cummins, K.W. R.W., (1) Merritt, Bibliography (4) JB(1975). Wallace, (2004-13) Nueswanger, Jason(3) FWS Functional y y Establishing an Invertebrate Community for Water Quality Improvement Quality for Water Invertebrate Community an Establishing y y y the Background: liters residual Other Primary y y Our Goal Our Problem General Primary Energy A y y y y y y y y y y y y y stream along the building’s new southern face. educational resource in the form ofan ecologically artificial functional, Develop a plantoconverttheWATER institute’s waste water an into viewed it asawasted resource. water meet River. Although this building, combines with storm water generates a 650 g/min. effluent stream. Thiseffluentthe drains from the WATERinstitute at aquaculture facility the fish January 2013, As of Cytophaga Actinobacteria: of air infinehairsaroundtheir posterior spiracles.(1) of characteristic by filterers and gatherers.(1) by filterersand particulate consumption organic matterfor break plant down tissue into fineandcourse to stream ecosystemis the shredders role in detritus from decaying leaves debris. woody detritus from to strictly aquatic.Aquaticcranefly larvae subsist of on allmanner Crane fly larvae live in awidevariety of habitats. 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Spiny stre species for Mayflies aregreat indicator very is Spiny Crawler Like mayflies, the all -Spiny Crawler Mayfly Larvae (Family stream flow, collecting from impoundments of trapped impoundments of sediment.(1) stream flow,collectingfrom of collectionand their orientation in the stream. has been matter which broken by shredders. down Gatherers filterersdiffer from in their method Water A very similar classificaA very similar Small MinnowSmall (Family Mayfly Larvae show (4) (5) (6) Shallow levels Pools stream Source samples sample Gatherers Ͳ Monitoring: SFS. Allan, Cushing, Aquaculture and excessinorganicnutrients. and processesparticulateinputs micro-to macrobiotathatcaptures A healthystreamhasadiverse y y for Ͳ filter feed plankton.(1) on filamentous hairs.Bivalvesdrawwater into (clams) themselves within strategically position Some Filterers C 2000 Molecular Microbiological from Filterers use a variety methods totrapfine particulateof the stream organic matter from current. no Quality of 6 effluent J.D. Tests: Marsh is and collected the collected C.E. constructed (1995). amongst 0 0 E.Coli Aquaculture Enterococcus low image proposed and CFUs/1, CFUs/1, Indicator Monitoring Testing sample Using J.D. Stream levels accessed from and Monitoring Allan. onginde) Coenagrionidae intended target food source.(4) target food intended the water shallownear shoreonsand orgravel. nets collect algae, detritus collect nets spin netsoffinesilkfixed family from re this members of Net spinners are a uniquefamilyamongstTrichoptera. As their namesuggests, - Papershell is Cylindrical The Papershell-Cylindrical (Anodontoides ferussacianus) other Host 10 10 Net-spinning Caddisfly Larvae (Family Net-spinningLarvae Caddisfly Aeshnidae Water tion to thefilterers, gatherers tion also it collected stream of of Ecology: tested organisms Aquaticinsectsofcentralvirginia.blogspot.com; pennalaphotography.com Aquaticinsectsofcentralvirginia.blogspot.com; csuchico.edu; watermonitoring.uwex.edu; marietta.edu; wikipedia.org; nanfa.org; headwatersoutfitters.com; Bioweb.uwlax.edu; Credits Photo harbor Effluent: and and will (2001). indicators online Aquaculture End (Microbial Riffles/Runs Aquaculture Specific types 100 100 attract Quality on structure to Of Streams: interface Rain (Following at: mL mL ) from of protect January Stream http://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/1/1b/AquacultureEffluents.pdf for Markers: pollution. a organisms Garden Source variety stream drainage Monitoring and Effluent their Effluent of the small minnowfamilyrarely exceed am quality and hencehave high dissolved Ephemerellidae public sensitive to disturbance in the stream. sensitive disturbance in to Baetidae 9, function EPA size and shape. 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Horizontal View Horizontal coli of Transect View the currentoftenandcapture debris long, in avulnerable species in and and ) running Ͳ Generate monitoring aquaculture areas garden, Ͳ proposed Milwaukee incincRiver, Kinnickinnic Milwaukee Ͳ offer enabling understanding function of Identify Urban Compare These and life. post Future Stormwater/Aquaculture their shells using and incurrentsiphon Artificial preliminary ) live on the fine particulate organic the fine live on animals, excellent Academic artifi logically-functional andaesthetic liminary designconceptforaneco- landscape architectureintoapre- step towardintegratingbiologyand The SFSstudentpostersareafi Enterococcus of waters. filtration Fecal animals, microbial pools, the in the individuals Enterococcus Stormwater/Aquaculture E.Coli 0 0 stream Microbial Efforts microbial cial stream. cial different CFUs/1mL, CFUs/1mL, (measured area River, stream effluent, coliform, bacterial Stream: Chapman Hydropsychidae Press: al tissue. Ingestion is broken down into tissue. is brokendown Ingestion al which riffles, educational of water Domestic (i.e. to community how etc.) and Menomonee , San (i.e. it other to Community ecological may community Wisconsin. They prefer Wisconsin. Lake and runs along 0 1 composition will E.coli quality bacteria Diego, in gain Research CFUs/10mL CFUs/10mL nding on meshsize and shallow Hall: colony result Michigan, treats on large rocks. Their large rocks. treats on be water animals, and opportunities, , with a Enterococcus CA. London, important better comparisons tests ) end environments. response Effluent in River, forming marsh, other profiles sources Profiles: Effluent Needed: elevated and and of of of Waterfowl, England. the the the stream) 3 13 key to rain CFUs/100 harbor, of Outfall in units/mL) to CFUs/100 Outfall: aquaculture thus monitor will the levels and etc. mL of mL the rst Understanding Introduction Figure and Figure vegetation dynamics considers could water ecological initial with biologically potential the vegetation bacteria, becomes distribution these requirements. Each wetlandplan esthetic value. control, habitatand nutrient removal,erosion providing functional by this streamIn reconciliation project it Wetland Function Figure 1: Proposed Stream Design.(SFS Winterim 2013) 512 Practicum, used to filter agricultural runoff used to was also chosen a for itsabilityto Hardstem bulrush receives stormwaterrunoff that from roadways. stream a use for ideal plantto an assimilatesbe and may heavymetals ( fish wasteandunea nutrients from fish effluent/sourthe nutrients since essentialis It that themarsh wetland capable is of removingexcess will aidinsuppressing algal blooms Sago pondweed can assimilate large quantities of phosphorus which capability to their were chosenfor of the proposed stream. the of esthetic value of thecampus Please area. refer to Figure1thedesign habitat an aspects of stream many campus and provides a valuable opportunity to light to bring lighting the fisheffluent stream, it Currently the fish effluent is discharged into theviapipe. Byday aquaculture facility at theGreat Lakes Water Institute totheharbor. transportconstructed fish effluent will urban streamthe from The UWM the Harbor Campus. design for compliment the The purpose of this project to designanurban is stream to Project Background 1.Nassauer, Joan I.2004. Monitoring theof metropolitansuccess wetland restorations: Cultural sustainabilityand ecological fu References: 2.USDA,NRCS. 2013. ThePLANTS Database ( oaoea pectinantus Potamogetan At Regular An Harbor proposed Algae the (riparian water: Waste the waste food help important stream fish and at 2. 1. UWM a Profiles and Islands UWM diluted. large between the Initial in processes high testing define and normally functional of an design algae structural stream zones) Ͳ various Ͳ School nutrient scale organisms. flow Example School consideration oxygenate Stream of (rocks The different of oxygen, with Dissolved rate (Figure found and benthic the flow is Rip arrow and of freshwater of fish to content and a aquaculture of Architecture enhance of Design Rap Freshwater and decrease aesthetically diffuse Certain in aquatic an nutrients, food water) 100 1). functional between algae ) and hardstembulrush( headwater Oxygen, Urban in Our Ͳ 300 and and Drawn the invertebrates the plants, growth, communities. design in gallons outflow, excrement). Stream creation effluent Sciences, Figure bacteria, allows stream’s oxygen. Nutrients, characteristics Ͳ 2 pleasing . ssimilate nutrients and is commonly ssimilate nutrientsand is streams by d function while increasing the function while d t was chosen for its ability to fulfill to ability t was chosen forits assimilate nutrientseffectively. invertebrates becomes a majorfeature of the ten fish food. Sago pondweed reflects vegetation 2 per ce water contains high levels of levels contains high ce water 4 Freshwater . Sago pondweed also Sago . 2 is essentialwetland is thatthe is us we provides Pools of (habitat Travelling and http://plants.usda.gov outflow use and to distributed minute the stream Bacteria can In or The consider our Figure for algae Figure and relatively stream create of initial monoculture, variety) educational intent initial 5 from , with . Riffles a downstream, and In with 512 3 , stream 2, conpetsacutus Schoenoplectus how relates along Freshwater MILWAUKEE’S INNER HARBOR is influx an the an Institute for EcologicalDesign water the to fish undisturbed the an environment urban create the aquaculture potential influx the could gradient river causes Figure Distribution the purposes. quality stream or , 12 ,January 2013). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC27401-4901 USA. river stream the Shallow water variable continuum a Water of live 512, stagnant 3. a Wetland Marsh filtration) wastewater fish (natural environments. continuum. to and and rapid A in construction we for characteristics facility be schematic various River food of nutrient how habitats Marsh specific are inhabited increase Invertebrates aquatic concept ) and Continuum seeking these provides areas (the Quality values. excrement while freshwater demonstrates could Collaboration in environment. characteristics and macro invertebrates, fish, ducks, and other waterfowl. invertebrates, fish, ducks,and and macro species including micro of variety food fora and pondweed,cover pickerel weed,andhardstembulrushprovide functional ecosystem. a creating Providing habitat for a widevarietyof wildlife is another priority in with annual plant, would be unable to propagate.unable to annual plant, wouldbe an remains between54-64rice, year; therefore, wild °F throughoutthe to germinate. seed dormancyand45°F break The source water to requires 35 °F water temperatures rice at Wild source water. of the wetland. was found It to beincompatible with thetemperature range palustris Wild rice(Zizania function wetlands attractive than designed purelyforecological deemed more are flowering plants noticeable arrangementof a wetlands with be esthetically pleasing as wellas funct Finally inordertocreate a successful constructed wetland, needs it to illustration on thedifferent plants diverse, interesting, and appealing wetland. Refer toFigure3for an leaf heights,shapes, in promote a variety and flowercolorscreate a to sediments substrate inhibiting that forms the marsh a thickmatover system rhizome root a These plantshave erosion from wind and wave forces.wind anderosion from These plantsreduce bank alsostream system. rhizomeillustration root of the ( natans pondweed, floating-leaved pondweed( Sago wetland. established habitatwithinthe substrate additionswhichwould disturb re-suspension.need for Excessthe lossof sedimentin wouldresult constructed is essentialover aliner,it to reduce erosion and substrate plant choices. Since the marsh wetland and stream are being wetlandreduce erosionfactor was into another marsh keyability The wastewater 8 depicted S. acutus) to profiles nutrients, which nutrient Aquaculture avoiding create best 1 wildlife with Effluent ), pickerel weed( benefit to the 1 in . The proposed plants for the marsh wetland were chosen wetland to were marsh The proposedplantsforthe . a Ͳ rich the 2 the and in our were chosen for theirabilitytocontrolerosion. . (Refer to Figure2foran Evaluation Winter upne Solids Suspended Phosphorus Figure pH TKN Nutrient Analysis Total Demand Oxygen Biochemical recommended Water two times we Temperature Water benthic coverage (MMSD) could nutrient phosphorus aquatic the versus look the re-suspension of the Total Using The In Providing discovered outfall Nitrogen effluent at otdracordata Pontederia order Phosphorus create greater Hardness 5. the Quality: difference initial organisms. algal ) was initially considered for themarsh Phosphorus: Table in aquaculture concentrations of of nction. nction. Practicum: outfall were the to Nutrient the loading solutions Assessment anoxic growth. Caroline water sources than determine that potential concentration, Sago pondweed,Sago floating-leaved If of stream negligible. Wetlands the in in levels within the marsh wetland. Nutrient in the the quality conditions concentration normally the Concentrations effluent aquaculture in Possible the for EPA phosphorus ional. Studies have found that have Studies ional. bottom the harbor, Designing and urban if ), and hardstem bulrush hardstem ), and total the o 24(2).Dec2004:756-765 , Vol in there and Comparing Concentrations Mosley recommended aquaculture <1.0 7.4 0.44 0.58 mg/L 3/18/11 MMSD <2.0 140 12 Relation Freshwater my System. Courtesy of UWEX ofSystem. Courtesy Figure 2: RhizomeRoot occurring stream analyzed detrimental the Ͳ concentration in Ͳ stream, 18 nutrient 7.5 could I Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ analysis 2.4 1.9 was 0.60 0.59 performed stagnant effluent high ȚC 2 between concentration could a to create Milwaukee difference phosphorus by phosphorus. from concentrations, facility Stream to MMSD water and effects phosphorus in potentially the Potamogetan the phosphorus limited the mg/L 1/10/13 Freshwater 0.88 of the 512 outfall EPA and dissolved effluent Water input and an Ͳ Aquaculture on between include 0.91 Metropolitan in concentrations guidelines the habitat March the foster is inhibit of concentration Quality outfall 5 Artificial 512 focusing in aquaculture analysis Ͳ the benthic phosphorus 9 the the bacterial 13, times for incincRiver. Kinnickinnic the and Effluent in aquaculture aquaculture <1.0 6.5 P Recommended EPA <0.1 mg/L 2011 <2.0 N/A 60 <10 other 2011, harbor. outfall in the the represents phosphorus concentration and aquaculture Figure blue Sewage 3 the on amount Ͳ greater algae the on Ͳ 250 recommendations, 8.0 • • • • • Pickerel Weed could aquaculture effluent • • • • • Floating-Leaved Pondweed outfall the coloration growth. harbor. Guenther Paula Courtesy of plants. wetland profile of proposed Height Figure 3: 6 January effluent vegetation facility . present we 2,,8 4. Provides waterfowl, ducks,foodcover for and muskrats. fish and for Once established will blockoutotheremergents. range 4.9-8.7 pH Can survive of waterbut in up 50 to cmgrowsbest a in depthof30cm. Emergent plant thatgrowsaheight to of1m entering Note: Curly-Leaved Pondweed ( Curly-Leaved Pondweed Note: range 5.8-7.5 pH life span rate/short Rapid growth deep m 2 water lessthan Found in Submerged plant withfloatingleaves blooms, limiting District Sampling encourage were than of a water. facility effluent in analysis effluent high as Complete 9,2013 Stream is in the in the in able the well 5 effluent which both or water Ͳ 6 The 9 and EPA 8 to as on ( otdracordata) Pontederia • • • • • • Hardstem Bulrush • • • • • Sago Pondweed Often forms monocultures Often forms agricultural water water/used filter to from contaminants Assimilates nutrientsand muskrats. Provides fish,waterfowl,and habitat for and food wave forces. and wind buffer from erosion bycreatinga Controls range 5.2-8.5 pH Emergent plant thatgrowsaheight of 1-3m. to Pondweed Suppresses algal blooms by blooms Suppresses algal velocityshorelineReduces wave erosion thereby reducing invertebrates and macro source forducksandhabitatmicro food for Important deep m 2 water lessthan Found in Submerged floating leaves with no Water. (5)Rob Cummings: (6)USEPA. Brock negatively product monitored and from Water (7)Vannote, USEPA http://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/1/1b/AquacultureEfflue Journal nts.pdf (1)Kreger, References Water Other Shallow A) Potential (2)Milwaukee (4)Madigan, sampled and (8)Aquaculture )Shaded B) allow and microbes food overall out institute could 27:31 the oxygen for (3)Murphy fish Water and )Intelligent C) • • • Yellow Water Buttercup Sago TKN Biochemical Suspended the metabolism nutrients food and broad-leafed arrowhead and Commonly foundalongside floating pondweed, bladderwort, water Found slowmovingshallow(<2mdeep) in substrate. Floating sometimesfoundrootedinto flower 0.5mtallthatis ammonium measured state fish residence continued would of shoreline benthic encourage and http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq/wqcontinuum.html Ͳ solid re Biology 36. Nutrient Quality: Quality: Quality: a website: Paddock, determination nitrogenous (2012). Nitrogen: ( available of Ͳ Ͳ excreted food oaaea natans Potamagetan stream oxygenate water effluent and/or excrement) as Solutions Fisheries United C. impact particulates future naturally , San Floating-leaved P. crispus) R. J. algae. settable, M.T., (2004, Marsh Areas and and decrease of would Metropolitan Pondweed Solids: and time as L. downstream. Chapter after Stream benthic Oxygen image A Ammonia The Francisco, of ( could (NH ( irognss (12 Microorganisms. excrement. 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John Janssen and Jim Wasley : Arch 636 : Winterim 2013