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Swarm Intelligence in Architectural Design

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Swarm Intelligence in Architectural Design Yuxing Chen Advisor: Ronald Rael Raveevarn Choksombatchai Content Chapter 1: Introduction of swarm 1.1 Thesis Statement 2 1.2 Swarm Behavior 3 1.3 Mathematical Models 6 1.4 Boids System 7 1.5 Swarm Intelligence 9 Chapter 2: Swarm algorithms and application 2.1 Swarm Intelligence in Stadium design 12 2.2 Swarm used at Design (by Tyler Julian Johnson) 14 2.3 Swarm Intelligence at Visualization (Robert Hodgin) 18 2.4 Complexity of Swarm at Arts 22 2.5 Object to Field 25 2.6 Swarm Tectonics 29 2.6 Swarm Urbanism (Neil Leach) 31 2.7 Swarm Modeling 33 2.8 Motion at Architecture Design 34 2.9 Particles at Architecture Design 35 Chapter 3: Swarm Tectonics 3.1 Swarm Testing 42 3.2 From Simulation to Application 44 3.3 Swarm Structure 51 3.4 Skin Attachment 60 3.5 Swarm Modular 63 3.6 Swarm Joint 68 3.7 Swarm Drawing 74 3.8 Data Swarm 90 3.9 Conclusion 97 Bibliography 98 Chapter1: Introduction 1 1.1 Thesis statement Swarm behavior is a collective behavior exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together. It can be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behavior. Swarm intelligence is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The basic idea of swarm intelligence is a “popula- tion” of local interactions to the environment in a greater amount that creates a global system. At 1989, the swarm intelligence expression was first introduced at robotic sys- tems, which describe the emergent collective behavior. Nowadays this new ap- proach of collective behavior has diversely implemented in many perspective from biology, social structure, engineering, artificial, visualization and architec- ture. What’s more, a collection of people can also exhibit swarm behavior, such as pedestrians. From the book, “Emergence”, by Steven Johnson, he also wrote about creating a “form” of living on having emergence logic from the smallest scale as ants into a larger scale as cities. He tries to define how the swarm logic of ants’ behavior could give example of the way of living for human level. For architects, swarm intelligence examines the role of agency within gener- ative design processes. Digital parametric programs like processing are used to make high populations of self-organized elements into an emergent intelli- gence. The gold is to explore the dissolution of modernist tectonic hierarchies. The research about application of swarm principles at architecture ranges from visualization, self-organization of multi-agent system, architecture form de- sign, urbanism, etc. Based on the boids system at the digital animation tool, we can simulate the swarm activity, translate the animal particle system with architecture tecton- ic system and research about architecture form, structure and space. Swarm could be generated into an architecture design method. 2 1.2 Swarm Behavior (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour) As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. BY BRENDAN SEIBEL BIRD FLOCKING 3 BY OCTAVIO ABURTO FISH SCHOOLING 4 FROM MAASAI MARA KENYA NATIONAL RESERVE BUFFALO HERDING 5 SWARM INTELLIGENCE IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN 1.3 Mathematical models (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour) SWARM behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling Early studies of swarmabout behavior the same spotemployed or perhaps mathematical moving en masse or models migrating into some simulate direction. As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, and understand the behavior.but can also Thebe applied simplest to any other mathematical animal that exhibits models swarm of behaviour. animal The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. swarms generally represent individual animals as following three rules: 1. Separation: Move in the same direction as your neighbors SWARM INTELLIGENCE2. Alignment: IN Remain ARCHITECTURE close to your neighborsDESIGN 3. Cohesion: AvoidBOIDS collisions is an artificial with your life program, neighbors developed by Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates the flocking behaviour of birds. His paper on this topic was published in 1987 in the proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference.The name “boid” corresponds to a shortened version of “bird-oid object”, which refers to a bird-like object SWARM behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. SWARM INTELLIGENCE IN ARCHITECTUREBOIDS is an artificial life DESIGN program, developed by Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates the flocking behaviour of birds. His paper on this topic was published in 1987 in the proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference.The name “boid” corresponds to a shortened version of “bird-oid object”, which refers to a bird-likeSEPARATION object ALIGNMENT COHESION Steer to avoid crowding Steer towards the av- Steer to move toward the local flockmates erage heading of local average position (center flockmates of mass) of local flock- mates SWARM behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling or schoolingSWARM to refer INTELLIGENCE to swarm behaviour (SI) in is fish. the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no BOIDS is an artificial life program, developed by Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates centralizedthe flocking control behaviour structure of birds. dictating His paper how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between on this topic was published in 1987 in the proceedingsSEPARATION of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference.TheALIGNMENTsuch name agents “boid” lead corresponds to the emergence to a shortened of “intelligent” COHESION global behavior, unknown to the individual agents. Examples in natural systems of version of “bird-oid object”, which refers to a bird-likeSteer to object avoid crowding SteerSI include towards ant the colonies, av- bird flocking, animal herding,Steer to move bacterial toward growth, the and fish schooling. The definition of swarm intelligence is still local flockmates eragenot quite heading clear. of In local principle, it should be a multi-agentaverage position system (center that has self-organized behaviour that shows some intelligent behaviour. flockmates of mass) of local flock- mates SWARM INTELLIGENCE (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of “intelligent” global behavior, unknown to the individual agents. Examples in natural systems of SEPARATION ALIGNMENTSI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding,COHESION bacterial growth, and fish schooling. The definition of swarm intelligence is still Steer to avoid crowding Steernot quite towards clear. the In avprinciple,- it should be a multi-agentSteer to move system toward that the has self-organized behaviour that shows some intelligent behaviour. local flockmates erage heading of local average position (center flockmates of mass) of local flock- mates 6 SWARM INTELLIGENCE (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there
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