Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 06:41:01AM Via Free Access Johnnycarbon:Users:Johnnyimac:Public:Johnnyimac JOBS:14328 - EE - KOJIMA:KOJIMA PRINT

JohnnyCarbon:Users:JohnnyiMac:Public:JohnnyiMac JOBS:14328 - EE - KOJIMA:KOJIMA PRINT

Index

Act on the Control of Export, beaching 178, 180 Import and Others of Specified border trade 38–9 Hazardous Wastes and Other Wastes, see Japanese Basel Cairo Guidelines and Principles for Act the Environmentally Sound Act on the Transboundary Movement Management of Hazardous of Waste and its Treatment, South Wastes 117 Korea 72, 74, 160 Cambodia, export industries 138 Act on Waste Management (AWM), cathode ray tube monitors 24–5, 27, South Korea 72, 73, 74, 81–4 43–4, 76, 101 Act on Waste Management and Public China Cleansing, Japan 120, 127 battery waste from Japan 162–3 aluminum scrap e-waste recycling, Guiyu 45–7 China 34–7, 39–42 electric and electronic equipment Philippines 103, 105 waste 41–4 Amano, T. 134 iron scrap imports 55 ASEAN Japanese recycling company 142 and Philippines 111 old-for-new policy 47–8 and Vietnam 53 PET bottles 4, 9, 26 ATW (Act on the Transboundary plastic waste imports 17, 28–9, Movement of Waste and its 158–9, 163–4 Treatment) 72, 74, 160 raw material import duty reduction automobile parts 163 system 136–7 AWM (Act on Waste Management) 72, recyclable waste trade 16, 17, 33–49 73, 74, 81–4 recycling industry 25 registration system for waste trade 9 Balassa, Bela 31 regulation on import of recyclables Ban Amendment 150, 169 25–6, 44–5 Bangladesh, shipbreaking 188 return shipments to Korea 159–60 Basel Action Network (BAN) 45 China Steel 180 Basel Ban Amendment 150, 169 classification of waste Basel Convention 3–4, 116–19, 149, Basel Convention 6 192, 193 South Korea 74–5, 79–84 classification of hazardous waste 6 CLI (Country Led Initiative) 128 illegal traffic definition 150–51 coal ash, South Korea 85 and Japan, see Japanese Basel Act collection subsidy, e-waste, China 47–8 and the Philippines 109 Commercial Law, Vietnam 61–2 and shipbreaking industry 182, 183, comparative advantage in recyclables 189 imports 23–4 battery waste 27, 76, 161–3 competitiveness, shipbreaking industry and pollution 5–6 179–81

195

Michikazu Kojima and Etsuyo Michida - 9781782547860 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 06:41:01AM via free access JohnnyCarbon:Users:JohnnyiMac:Public:JohnnyiMac JOBS:14328 - EE - KOJIMA:KOJIMA PRINT

196 Index

compost 160 economic partnership agreements Conference of Parties (COP) (EPAs) and waste from EPZs 145 2nd 3–4 economic recession, effects on waste 3rd 4 trading, Philippines 108–9 8th 149–50 EIDS (Export/Import Declaration 10th 5 System), South Korea 72–3, 74, container shipping 64–5 79 COP, see Conference of Parties electric and electronic equipment Copeland, Brian R. 3, 14–15 imports to China 41–4 copper scrap imports to Thailand 157 China 34–7, 39–42 see also e-waste Philippines 102, 107 enforcement, Japanese Basel Act 124–8 cost of recycling, effect on trade flow enterprise types, China 39–41 20 Environmental Police, Vietnam 62, 65 Cote d’Ivoire 149–50 environmental policies, effect on trade Country Led Initiative (CLI) 128 flow 21, 35–7 CRT monitors 24–5, 27, 43–4, 76, 101 environmental problems 3, 5–6, 25–6 China 33, 45–7 Da Nang 63 coal ash 85–6 DAO 94-28, Philippines 93 illegal imports, Vietnam 62–3 Decision 12, Vietnam 61, 62, 64 policy recommendation 29–30 decision-making process, Vietnam 66–7 shipbreaking industry 182 Decree 12, Vietnam 61–2 Environmental Protection Law, Decree 80, Environmental Protection Vietnam 60–61, 64, 67, 70–71 Law, Vietnam 61, 71 environmentally sound management Decree 81, Environmental Protection (ESM) 5, 117, 183, 193 Law, Vietnam 61 EPAs, and flow of recyclable waste demand for recycled resources, effect from EPZs 145 on trade flow 21 EPR (extended producers’ Department of Natural Resources and responsibility) 68 Environment (DONRE), Vietnam EPZs (export processing zones) 134–5 65 export approval, Japanese Basel Act destination of recyclable waste, China 132–3 34–6 Export/Import Declaration System developed countries, recycling activities (EIDS), South Korea 72–3, 74, 79 30–31 export processing zones (EPZs) 134–5 DONRE (Department of Natural and import duty reduction systems Resources and Environment), 136–47 Vietnam 65 “Exporting Harm: The High-Tech duty free zones (DFZs) 137 Trashing of Asia” (Basel Action Network and Silicon Valley Toxics E & E Solutions 136 Coalition) 45 e-waste extended producers’ responsibility imports, China 41–4 (EPR) 68 recycling, Guyiu 45–7 shipments seized in Hong Kong flow of recyclables, Philippines 99–101 152–5 Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade see also CRT monitors Act, Japan 122, 124 Ecological Solid Waste Management foreign-owned enterprises, China Act, Philippines 10, 90, 91–3, 93–4 39–41

Index 197

France, interception of waste from prevention measures 168–71 Japan 163 of recyclables 25, 27 free trade agreements (FTAs), and flow ship-backs 170–71 of recyclable waste from EPZs 145 illicit transboundary movement 167 free trade zones (FTZs), China 136–7 IMO Ship Recycling Convention Fujii, Yoji 15 183–9, 193 import competitiveness for recyclables G8, adopting 3R initiative 4 23–4 gaming machines 156–8 import duty reduction systems 134–47 glass waste 24–5 import taxes, impact on flow of waste global trends, effects on waste trading, from EPZs 144 Philippines 107–9 imports of recyclables globalization and recyclables trade, Asia 15–16 Vietnam 53–5 China 33–44 Grace, Richard 3 illegal 63–5 Guangdong Province 36 and pollution 29–30, 45–7, 62–3 Guiyu, China 45–7 South Korea 76–8 Vietnam 53–66 Hai Phong 63 Indonesia Hanoi 63 compost imported from Singapore hazardous waste 160 classification 6, 79–81 export industries’ waste 138 definitions 2, 121–2, 131–2, 192–3 plastic waste imports 4, 6 recycling, export industries 139–44 regulation on import of recyclables hazardous waste trade 26 current issues 9–10 waste paper imports 24 export industries 139–42 informal recyclers 191 historical overview 3–4 information sharing to reduce illegal illegal trade 149–72 traffic 169–70 Philippines 109–10 infrastructure and waste trading, South Korea 76–7 Philippines 105–6 trade measures 5–9 inspection of shipments 170 Ho Chi Minh City 44, 63 International Resource Panel 10 Honda, Shunichi 167 international trade of, see trade Hong Kong inventory, Ship Recycling Convention battery waste from Japan 161–2 183–4 EE equipment waste import control iron scrap 15–16, 21 41–3 Philippines 103, 104 illegal e-waste imports 152–5 from shipbreaking 174 ship-backs of illegal waste 27 Vietnam 53, 54, 56–7, 63 Hotta, Yaushiko 29 Huadong area 36 Japan Huong, N.T.M. 41 auto parts 163 battery waste 161–3 illegal trade coal ash 85–6 and Basel Convention 150–51, 167 e-waste 155 definitions 150–51, 167 hazardous waste imports 139–42 and environmental problems 62–3 information dissemination 170 of hazardous waste 149–72 medical waste 155 and national legislation 151–2 Nisso Incident 124–5

198 Index

pachinko machines 156–8 Michida, Etsuyo 21, 31 plastic waste 20, 28–9, 158–9 Ministry of Environment, South Korea recyclables trade 3, 21, 22, 27 73, 74–5 recycling policies 21 Ministry of Industry and Trade ship plate 179–80 (MOIT), Vietnam 62 shipbreaking industry 176 Ministry of Natural Resources and Styrofoam disposal 112 Environment (MONRE), Vietnam urban mining 30 62, 63 waste paper trade 16–17 MOIT (Ministry of Industry and Japanese Basel Act 119–24, 131–3, 170 Trade), Vietnam 62 enforcement 124–8 Mongolia, tax on second-hand cars 9 Japanese export industries and import MONRE (Ministry of Natural duty reduction systems 136–44 Resources and Environment), Japanese recycling companies Vietnam 62, 63 in China 142 in Philippines 137 National Ecology Center, Philippines in Thailand 143 92–3 Jiansu province 36 National Solid Waste Management junkshops, Philippines 99, 101 Commission (NSWMC), Philippines 92 Kilus Foundation Multi-Purpose Netherlands, plastic waste exported to Cooperative 94 Thailand 156 Kojima, Michikazu 52 Nisso Incident 124–5 Korea, see South Korea NSWMC (National Solid Waste Management Commission), landfill sites, South Korea, impact of Philippines 92 coal ash imports 86 lead batteries, see battery waste old-for-new policy, e-waste, China 47 legislation, see regulations Levinson, Arik 15 pachinko machines 156–8 Ley, Eduardo 15 Pan-Kan Test Co. 159–60 low-quality recyclables, Vietnam 55–60 paper, see waste paper path dependency and recycling Malaysia, free zone export industries industry location 24–5 138 PET waste, China 4, 9 markets for recyclables Philippines Philippines 93–4, 96 Ecological Solid Waste Management and recycling industry location 24 Act 10 Vietnam 55 export industries 137–8 material recovery facilities 94–6 medical waste from Japan 155 Measures on Administration of Waste Nisso Incident 124–5 Import, China 45 waste management 90–113, 192 medical waste 155 Philippines–Japan Economic metal scrap Partnership Agreement (PJEPA) Asia 15–16 109–11 China 34–7, 39–41 Philippines Republic Act 4653 93 recycling industry 142, 146 Philippines Republic Act 6969 93 urban mining 30 Philippines Republic Act 9003 10, 90, see also aluminium scrap, copper 91–3, 93–4 scrap, iron scrap, steel scrap PIC (prior informed consent) 118

Index 199

PJEPA (Philippines–Japan Economic recyclable waste trade 14–31 Partnership Agreement) 109–11 China 33–49 plastic waste current issues 9–10 China 4, 9, 20, 26, 28–9, 158–9, historical overview 3–5 163–4 illegal, see illegal trade competitive advantage 20 and import duty reduction system illegal exports 156, 158–9, 163–4 134–47 Indonesia 4, 6 Philippines 99–111 plastics ban, Philippines 103–5 regulations 25–7, 60–62 policies South Korea 72–87 and raw material import duty Vietnam 51–67 reduction 145–6 see also hazardous waste trade for sustainable trade 29–30 Recycle Ports 112 see also regulations recycling pollution, see environmental problems costs and competitive advantage 20 population growth, Philippines 91 and environmental problems 5–6, Pre-Application Consultation Service, 45–7, 66 Japan 125–6 export industries’ difficulties 140–42 pre-shipment inspection 9, 159, 161 legislation 21, 47 precious metal scrap 24 Philippines 95–6 prices policies 21, 44–5, 47–8 of recyclables, effects on waste and trade flow 18–19 trading 106–7 recycling industry steel scrap 34 Japanese companies overseas 137, prior informed consent (Basel 142, 143 Convention) 118 location determinants 18–25 and illegal shipments 167 markets, Philippines 94, 96 private enterprises, China 39–41 waste shortages 10 Probo Koala 149–50 registration systems 9 processing trade 38 Regulation for the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal Qingdao 28–9, 158–9 of Waste Electric and Electronic quality of recyclables 29–30 Products, China 47 Quezon City 96–8 regulations China 44–5, 47–8 RA (Philippines Republic Act) 4653 93 enforcement problems, Vietnam RA (Philippines Republic Act) 6969 93 63–5 RA (Philippines Republic Act) 9003 imports 26–7, 28–9, 41–3, 44–5, 10, 90, 91–3, 93–4 60–62, 70–71, 157–8 raw material import duty reduction Japan 21 systems 134–47 Philippines 10, 90–94, 102–5 recession, effects on waste trading, recyclable quality 29–30 Philippines 108–9 recycling 21, 47 recovery of recyclables, see recycling shipbreaking industry 182–3 recyclable waste South Korea 72–87 definition 2 Thailand 157–8 flow, Philippines 99–101 trade 5–9, 72–87 imports, see imports of recyclables and trade flow of recyclables 21, prices 106–7 25–7 quality 29–30 Vietnam 60–62, 64, 70–71

200 Index

waste management 10, 91–4 steel scrap and waste trading, Philippines border trade, China 39 102–5 prices 34 see also Basel Convention from shipbreaking 179–80 responsibility for handling illegal Styrofoam 112 shipments 168 subsidies, old-for-new policy, China return shipments, see ship-backs 47–8 revealed comparative advantage in imports 23–4 Taiwan RoHS directive 2002/95/EC 29–30 lead recycling causing pollution 5–6 manifest system 9 safety, shipbreaking industry 182 shipbreaking industry 176, 180–81, Sakata, Shozo 52 182 San Carlos City 96–8 tariffs on imported waste 9 San Fernando City 96–8 technology and recycling industry Sasaki, S. 135, 142, 147 location 24 scrap iron, see iron scrap Thailand scrap metal, see metal scrap import ban on waste tires 6–9 second-hand goods Japanese recycling company 143 automobile parts 163 pachinko machines imported from batteries 161–3 Japan 156–8 electric and electronic equipment plastic waste imported from 41–4, 156–8 Netherlands 156 environmental problems 6 raw material import duty reduction segregation of waste, Philippines 94–5 system 137 Shimada, K. 142 used tires imported from UK Shimizu, K. 147 155–6 Shinkuma, T. 41 3R initiative adopted by G8 4 ship-backs 27, 63, 159–60, 170–71 Toxic Substances and Hazardous ship plate 179–80 and Nuclear Waste Control Act, ship recycling 174–89, 193 Philippines 93 Ship Recycling Convention 183–9, trade 3–10 193 illegal, see illegal trade Shipbreaking Business Promotion trade types, China 38–9 Association 180 see also hazardous waste trade; shipbreaking industry 174–89 recyclable waste trade Ship Recycling Convention 183–9, trade agreements, Philippines 109–11 193 trade liberalization and recyclables Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (SVTC) trade, Vietnam 53–5 45 trade regulations 5–9 Singapore, compost exported to China 26, 28–9, 41–3, 44–5 Indonesia 160 Indonesia 26 South Korea South Korea 72–87 battery waste imports 163 Thailand 156, 157–8 regulatory system for transboundary Vietnam 60–62, 64, 70–71 waste 73–5 see also Basel Convention return shipments to China 159–60 transboundary movement, see trade transboundary waste management transboundary waste management, 72–87 South Korea 72–87 state-owned enterprises, China 39 definitions 73–4

Index 201

and pollution 85–6 Waste Electrical and Electronic regulations 74–5 Equipment (WEEE) directive 30 transportation infrastructure, waste glass 24–5 Philippines 105–6 waste management, Philippines tires 6–9, 155–6 90–113 Waste Management Act, Japan 120, United Kingdom 127 tires exported to Thailand 155–6 waste paper 58–9 waste plastics exported to China Indonesia 24 163–4 Japan 16–17 United Nations Environment Program Philippines 111 (UNEP) 117 Vietnam 55 International Resource Panel 10 waste plastic, see plastic waste urban mining 30 waste requiring a declaration (WRD), South Korea 79–81 Vietnam waste segregation, Philippines 94–5 battery waste from Japan 161–2 waste shortage for recycling industries e-waste exports to China 44 10 export industries’ waste 138 waste stream and classification of illegal imports 62–5 hazardous waste 6 import of recyclables and waste trading, see trade environmental pollution 51–67 WEEE (Waste Electrical and recycling industry 25 Electronic Equipment) directive regulations 60–62, 64 30 second-hand EE equipment imports World Trade Organization (WTO) 52, 43 53–5, 64 WRD (waste requiring a declaration), waste South Korea 79–81 definitions 2, 73–4 classification, S. Korea 74–5, 81–4 Xinjiang region 36, 39 see also hazardous waste; recyclable waste Yoshida, Aya 26, 52 waste collection system, Philippines 94–8 Zhejiang province 36

Michikazu Kojima and Etsuyo Michida - 9781782547860 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 06:41:01AM via free access