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3.Water Environment

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3.Water Environment Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 3. Water Environment The Government of the Macao SAR has been taking forward a 3.1 Quality of Potable Water series of management work related to water environment of DPSIR Framework Macao. In 2018, in addition to the ongoing coastal water quality monitoring and ensuring water supply, the Government of the D Driving Forces P Pressures S States I Impacts R Responses Resposta Macao SAR also developed the Macao Sewage Treatment Resposta Facilities Master Plan and issued Law No.7/2018 - Maritime Area Status Management Framework Law, formulated general principles and regulatory framework for maritime area management, which In 2018, water supply in Macao was not affected by salty tide. The included environmental protection of maritime areas. potable water quality of Macao was maintained at a low salinity level This chapter will illustrate the status and variation of the (green)1 through regional cooperation, centralizing the coordination of indicators regarding the water environment in potable water, water diversion in the Pearl River catchment, ensuring the water security quality of coastal waters, maritime areas and wastewater treatment. in Macao. In 2018, the quality of potable water in Macao met all testing standards. The chloride concentration of treated water from the Ilha Verde Water Treatment Plant decreased when compared with that of 2017. In 2018, the qualified rate of coliform bacteria in the distribution networks in Macao was above 99%, which was similar to that of 2017 and was in compliance with the requirements of relevant law2. In 2018, the total rainfall in Macao increased slightly compared with that Indicators for environmental analysis in this chapter of 2017 (see Table 3.1). Quality of Potable Water Potable Water Consumption 1 It is divided according to the Salinity Scale for Potable Water. For more information, please refer to the Maritime Areas website of Macao Water Supply Co., Ltd.. 2 Wastewater Treatment According to Decree Law No.46/96/M, Regulation of Water and Wastewater Drainage of Macao (RADARM), the water is conformed to the requirement of potable water that the qualified rate of tested samples reaches 95%. 29 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 Decadal trends In the past decade, the annual average chloride concentration of treated water from the Ilha Verde Water Treatment Plant showed an overall downward trend, while the qualified rate of coliform bacteria in the distribution networks was maintained above 99%. Besides, the rainfall in Macao remained at a stable level. Figure 3.2 Chloride concentration of treated water from the Ilha Verde Water Treatment Plant in the past years (Data source: IAM, 2019) Notes: 1 The standard limit on chloride concentration in the abstraction for hunman consumption according to GB 3838-2002 is 250mg/L. 2 The gray line is the trend line. Figure 3.1 Rainfall in Macao in the past years (Data source: SMG, 2019) Notes: 1 The gray line is the trend line. 2 The percentage in the figure is the variation between 2018 and 2017. Figure 3.3 Qualified rate of coliform bacteria in the distribution networks of Macao in the past years (Data source: IAM, 2019) 30 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 Table 3.1 Numerical data and percentage increase/decrease or difference of 3.2 Potable Water Consumption rainfall, chloride concentration of treated water from the Ilha Verde Water Treatment Plant and qualified rate of coliform bacteria in the DPSIR Framework distribution networks of Macao between 2017 and 2018 D Driving Forces P Pressures S States I Impacts R Responses Percentage Resposta increase/ Resposta 2017 2018 decrease Status or difference Rainfall (mm) 1,783.2 1,795.6 +0.7% In comparison with 2017 data, billed water consumption increased Chloride concentration of treated water from the Ilha Verde Water Treatment slightly, water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP decreased, and Plant domestic water consumption per capita was similar in 2018 (see Table 3.2). Annual average chloride concentration (mg/L) 18.4 17.7 -3.8% Highest chloride concentration (mg/L) 36.4 30.7 -15.7% Among different types of water consumption, all types of water consumption increased in 2018 as compared to those of 2017, except a Qualified rate of coliform bacteria in the distribution networks 1 decrease recorded in industrial water consumption. Wherein, commercial • Coloane distribution network (%) 100.0 100.0 － water consumption, which is also the major driving factor for the increase • Macao Peninsula distribution network (%) 99.6 99.7 +0.1% in the volume of water flowing through the distribution networks and billed water consumption, accounted for a higher proportion and the increase • Taipa distribution network (%) 99.4 99.7 +0.3% was large. It is believed that such increases might be attributed to the (Data sources: SMG, IAM, 2019) Note: 1 According to Decree Law No.46/96/M, Regulation of Water and Wastewater Drainage of Macao booming economy, successive operations of large-scale tourism and (RADARM), the water is conformed to the requirement of potable water that qualified rate of entertainment facilities and steady increase in visitor arrivals (see Table coliform bacteria in the distribution networks of tested samples reaches 95%. 3.3). In terms of water consumption in different districts, water consumption of all districts increased in varying degrees in 2018 as compared with those of 2017. Specifically, the increases in Coloane and the Cotai Reclamation Zone were more significant (see Table 3.4). In 2018, leakage rate in the distribution networks was similar to that of 2017 (see Table 3.6). 31 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 Decadal trends Although billed water consumption in Macao has been on an overall upward trend in the past decade, water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP has shown a downward trend. In 2018, water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP was reduced by nearly 50% of that of 2009. Besides, leakage rate in the distribution networks also tended to decrease, representing that water consumption efficiency was improved. In the past decade, domestic water consumption per capita maintained at 150-160 L/capita·day. Figure 3.4 Volume of water flowing through the distribution networks, billed water consumption and domestic water consumption in the past In the past decade, all types of water consumption, except industrial years (Data sources: DSAMA, DSEC, 2019) water consumption, increased to varying degrees; with the most notable Note: 1 The percentage in the figure is the variation between 2018 and 2017. increase in commercial water consumption. In terms of water consumption in different districts, the upward trend in water consumption of the Cotai Reclamation Zone was the most obvious in the past decade. 32 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 Figure 3.6 Volume of billed water consumption by sector in the past years Figure 3.5 Billed water consumption per capita, domestic water consumption (Data source: DSAMA, 2019) per capita and water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP Notes: 1 The gray line is the trend line of total billed water consumption. (Data sources: DSAMA, DSEC, 2019) 2 The percentage in the figure is the variation between 2018 and 2017. Notes: 1 Billed water consumption per capita = billed water consumption for the whole year ÷ (end-yearpopulation × days of the year). 2 Domestic water consumption per capita = domestic water consumption for the whole year ÷ (end-year population × days of the year). 3 Water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP refers to the volume of water consumed for producing ten thousand MOP GDP (at current prices), calculated based on the volume of water supply for the whole year. 4 The percentage in the figure is the variation between 2018 and 2017. Figure 3.7 Volume of billed water consumption by geographical area in the past years (Data source: DSAMA, 2019) Notes: 1 The gray line is the trend line of total billed water consumption. 2 The percentage in the figure is the variation between 2018 and 2017. 33 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2018 Table 3.2 Numerical data and percentage increase/decrease of billed/domestic Table 3.3 Numerical data and percentage increase/decrease of billed water water consumption, billed/domestic water consumption per capita, consumption by sector between 2017 and 20181 and water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP between 2017 Percentage and 2018 (Unit: m3) 2017 2018 increase/ Percentage decrease 2017 2018 increase/ Industrial sector 4,780,408 (5.4%) 4,536,947 (5.0%) -5.1% decrease Public sector 5,684,786 (6.4%) 5,762,152 (6.3%) +1.4% Water consumption per ten thousand MOP r 1 3 2.40 2.28 -5.0% GDP (m /10,000 MOP) Domestic sector 37,391,197 (42.3%) 38,283,332 (42.1%) +2.4% Domestic water consumption per capita2 156.9 157.2 +0.2% Commercial sector 40,579,426 (45.9%) 42,361,984 (46.6%) +4.4% (L/capita·day) (Data source: DSAMA, 2019) 3 Billed water consumption per capita Note: 1 Numerical data in the brackets refers to the percentage of billed water consumption by sector 371.0 373.3 +0.6% (L/capita·day) over total billed water consumption in Macao. Domestic water consumption (ʼ000 m3) 37,391 38,283 +2.4% 3 Table 3.4 Numerical data and percentage increase/decrease of billed water Billed water consumption (ʼ000 m ) 88,436 90,944 +2.8% 1 consumption by geographical area between 2017 and 2018 (Data sources: DSAMA, DSEC, 2019) Percentage Notes: 1 Water consumption per ten thousand MOP GDP refers to the volume of water consumed for 3 producing ten thousand MOP GDP (at current prices), calculated based on the volume of water (Unit: m ) 2017 2018 increase/ supply for the whole year.
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