1844) E Triplaris Americana Linnaeus (Polygonaceae

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1844) E Triplaris Americana Linnaeus (Polygonaceae Universidade Federal de Alagoas Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química e Biotecnologia IQB UFAL Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química dos Produtos Naturais Estudo Químico e Biológico de Coccoloba mollis Casaretto (1844) e Triplaris americana Linnaeus (Polygonaceae) Patrícia Emanuella Silva de Oliveira Maceió/AL 2007 Patrícia Emanuella Silva de Oliveira Estudo Químico e Biológico de Coccoloba mollis Casaretto (1844) e Triplaris americana Linnaeus (Polygonaceae) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química e Biotecnologia do Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, como cumprimento às exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Maceió/AL 2007 ii Catalogação na fonte Universidade Federal de Alagoas Biblioteca Central Divisão de Tratamento Técnico Bibliotecária Responsável: Helena Cristina Pimentel do Vale O48e Oliveira, Patrícia Emanuella Silva de. Estudo químico e biológico de Coccoloba mollis Casaretto (1844) e Triplaris americana Linnaeus (Polygonaceae) / Patrícia Emanuella Silva de Oliveira. – Maceió, 2007. xx, 239 f. : il. tabs., grafs. Orientadora: Lucia Maria Conserva. Tese (doutorado em Química e Biotecnologia) – Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Instituto de Química. Maceió 2007. Bibliografia: f. 210-239. 1. Coccoloba mollis. 2. Triplaris americana. 3. Polygonaceae. 4. Larvicida. 5. Anticolinesterásico. 6. Antioxidante. 7. Aedes aegypti. 8. Vanicosídeo D. 9. Simiarenol. 10. Moupinamida. 11. Flavonóis. I. Título. CDU: 547.99 Este trabalho foi realizado sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Lucia Maria Conserva iii Dedicatória A força chamada Deus, por me proporcionar tantas coisas boas e também a superar as dificuldades impostas pela caminhada da vida; Aos meus pais, Maroca e Petrúcio, pela oportunidade de vir ao mundo, pelo apoio e incentivo durante todos os meus estudos e por estarem sempre ao meu lado. iv Agradecimentos A Profa. Dra. Lucia Maria Conserva, pela orientação, apoio, amizade, por sua dedicação no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e principalmente pela oportunidade; a sua trajetória acadêmica é um ótimo exemplo para todos nós; À Botânica Rosângela Pereira de Lyra Lemos, do Instituto do Meio Ambiente do Estado de Alagoas (IMA), pelas coletas e identificação das espécies selecionadas para estudo; A Profa. Dra. Ana Cristina Brito, do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, pelo incentivo, por toda colaboração nos ensaios larvicidas e por sua amizade; Ao Prof. Dr. Edilberto Rocha Silveira e aos Doutorandos Daniel Esdras Uchoa e Renata Mendonça de Araújo, do Centro Nordestino de Aplicação e Usuários de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CENAUREMN) da Universidade Federal do Ceará, pela obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 500 e 125 MHz; Ao Prof. Dr. José Maria Barbosa Filho, do Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, por conceder as informações presentes no banco de dados do Natural Products Alert (NAPRALERT) sobre a família Polygonaceae; À Profa. Dra. Ana Paula F. da Silva, do Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia da UFAL, pela ajuda na obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 300 e 75 MHz e por toda sua imensa contribuição nos ensaios antioxidantes (fenóis totais, redução total por Fe3+-Fe2+ e oxidação total); Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela bolsa de doutorado, taxa de bancada e recursos financeiros concedidos; A Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas (FAPEAL), ao Instituto do Milênio do Semi-Árido Nordestino (IMSEAR) e ao Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e a Rede Nordestina de Biotecnologia (MCT-RENORBIO), pelos aportes financeiros; Ao Prof. Dr. Edson de Souza Bento, do Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia da UFAL, pela obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 400 e 100 MHz; v Ao Prof. Dr. Jorge Maurício David, do Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia, pela obtenção dos espectros de massas e de RMN 2D da substância CMFH-1; Ao Prof. Dr. Walmir Silva Garcez, do Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, pela obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 300 e 75 MHz da substância TAFFMA-1; À Profa. Dra. Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan e a Doutoranda Renata Mendonça de Araújo, do Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, pela colaboração nos ensaios anticolinesterásicos; Ao técnico Vicente Carlos Costa de Oliveira, do Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, pela obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 200 e 50 MHz; Ao técnico Ricardo Oliveira da Silva da Central Analítica do Departamento de Química Fundamental da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, pela obtenção dos espectros de RMN a 300 e 75 MHz; Ao Prof. Dr. Adelmo Bastos, pela valiosa ajuda na coleta das espécies vegetais; A Doutoranda Maria Lysete de Assis Bastos, pela inestimável ajuda na coleta das espécies vegetais, por sua amizade, seu carinho e por todo o incentivo; Aos Profs. Drs. Dennis O. Imbroisi, Antônio Euzébio G. Sant’ana, Lucia M. Conserva, Luís Carlos Caetano e Margarida Maria S. Humberto, pelas preciosas informações transmitidas durante as disciplinas cursadas no doutorado; Ao técnico Aldy dos Santos do Instituto de Química da UFAL, pela sua valiosa colaboração na trituração das plantas, assistência técnica na vidraria e apoio na construção do Insetário no Campus A.C. Simões; Ao Dr. Sebastião Ferreira Palmeira Júnior, por todo companheirismo, disponibilidade e colaboração no Laboratório em Química dos Produtos Naturais (LPqPN) e pela inestimável ajuda no ensaio anti-radicalar (DPPH); Ao Prof. Dr. Thiago Barros Correia da Silva, pela troca de informações durante os anos de convivência no LPQPN e pela preciosa colaboração no ensaio anti-radicalar (DPPH); vi Às Biólogas Roberta Micheline Porfírio e Maria Raphaella Vasconcellos, pela obtenção dos ovos de Aedes aegypti para continuidade dos testes larvicidas no IQB-UFAL e pelo auxílio na criação do Aedes aegypti no ICBS-UFAL; À mestranda Roseane de Melo Alves, pela sua contribuição na análise estatística (Teste de Tukey) e pelo seu companheirismo; A todos os Colegas do LPqPN, Cynara Batista, Daniela Nazaré, Edmílson Ribeiro, Fabyanne Moura, Fernando M. de Oliveira, Gerson Lima, Lysete Bastos, Lyvia Mendonça, Maria Vladimilsa, Sandovânio Lima, Vanessa Alves e Wagner S. dos Santos por todo o convívio, apoio e aprendizado; A todos os colegas do curso de Pós-Graduação em Química e Biotecnologia pela convivência, pelos grupos de estudos e amizade, citar nomes poderia incorrer ao esquecimento de algum; A todos, que de alguma forma contribuíram com este trabalho de doutoramento, meus sinceros agradecimentos. vii Sumário Agradecimentos v Lista de Figuras xi Lista de Tabelas xiv Lista de Quadros xvi Lista de Abreviaturas, Siglas e Símbolos xvi Resumo xix Abstract 1. Introdução 1 2. Objetivos 5 3. Considerações Gerais Sobre Antioxidantes, Anticolinesterásicos, 6 Larvicidas, Família Polygonaceae e Gêneros Coccoloba e Triplaris e Espécies Selecionadas 3.1 Considerações Gerais Sobre Antioxidantes 7 3.2 Considerações Gerais Sobre Anticolinesterásicos 9 3.3 Considerações Gerais Sobre Larvicidas 11 3.4 Considerações Gerais Sobre a Família Polygonaceae 14 3.5 Considerações Gerais Sobre os Gêneros Coccoloba P. Browne 15 3.5.1 Considerações Gerais Sobre a Espécie Coccoloba mollis Casaretto(1844) 16 3.6 Considerações Gerais Sobre o Gênero Triplaris Loefl. 17 3.6.1 Considerações Sobre a Espécie T. americana Linnaeus 18 4. Experimental 77 4.1 Solventes, Reagentes e Equipamentos 78 4.2 Coleta e Identificação do Material Vegetal 80 4.3 Preparação dos Extratos e Frações 80 4.4 Avaliação do Potencial Biológico de Extratos, Frações e Substâncias Isoladas 85 4.4.1 Avaliação do Potencial Anti-radicalar e Antioxidante 85 4.4.1.1 Avaliação Qualitativa da Capacidade Seqüestradora de Radicais Livres Frente 85 ao DPPH 4.4.1.2 Ensaios Quantitativos para Avaliar a Capacidade Seqüestradora de Radicais 87 Livres Frente ao DPPH 4.4.1.3 Determinação de Fenóis Totais 90 4.4.1.4 Ensaios de Redução Total de Fe3+-Fe2+ 91 4.4.1.5 Ensaio de Determinação Total da Atividade Antioxidante pelo Método do 92 Tiocianato Férrico (TFC) viii 4.4.2 Avaliação Qualitativa da Atividade Anticolinesterásica 92 4.4.2.1 Preparação das Soluções Utilizadas nos Ensaios 92 4.4.2.2 Avaliação da Atividade Anticolinesterásica 93 4.4.3 Avaliação do Potencial Larvicida 94 4.4.3.1 Criação e Manutenção dos Mosquitos 95 4.4.3.2 Avaliação da Atividade Larvicida 95 4.4.3.3 Avaliação do Potencial Larvicida das Substâncias Isoladas 97 4.4.3.4 Análise Estatística para Avaliação da Atividade Larvicida 97 4.5 Investigação Fitoquímica dos Extratos de Coccoloba mollis e Triplaris 98 americana Monitorada pelos Ensaios 4.5.1 Isolamento de Alguns dos Constituintes Químicos da Espécie Coccoloba mollis 98 4.5.1.1 Fração Neutra em Hexano das Folhas 98 4.5.1.2 Fração Neutra em Hexano das Cascas do Caule 99 4.5.1.3 Fração em Diclorometano das Cascas do Caule 99 4.5.2 Isolamento de Alguns dos Constituintes Químicos da Espécie T. americana 100 4.5.2.1 Fração em Hexano das Folhas 100 4.5.2.2 Fração em Clorofórmio do Caule 100 4.5.2.3 Fração em Clorofórmio dos Frutos Frescos 101 4.5.2.4 Fração em Acetato de Etila dos Frutos Frescos 101 4.5.2.5 Fração em Hidroalcóolica dos Frutos Frescos 102 4.6 Dados Físicos e Espectrométricos das Substâncias Isoladas 102 5. Resultados e Discussão 105 5.1 Identificação Estrutural das Substâncias Isoladas 106 5.1.1 Identificação Estrutural da Substância
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