Free Speech in Peril

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Free Speech in Peril Cover Free Speech in Peril College—Where You Can’t Say What You Think pg. 1 MindingtheCampus.org Title Page FREE SPEECH IN PERIL College: Where You Can’t Say What You Think MINDING THE CAMPUS pg. 2 MindingtheCampus.org TABLE OF CONTENTS One: Exploiting Diversity as a Political PAGE 07 Wedge TK essays describing how once well-intentioned policies became corrupted by identity politics and bloated administrative staffs. The articles, like all others in this publication, were written primarily by professors and educators. Two: Rejecting the First Amendment PAGE 124 Today’s colleges and universities have mastered the art of intimidation—not only silencing students who might deviate from the current orthodoxy on campus, but also making it clear that professors risk their tenure if they don’t toe the political line. Three: Silencing Conservatives PAGE 207 In a powerful essay, author Charles Murray describes how protestors tried to stop him from speaking about his new book at Middlebury College, despite being invited by students. His experience was mirrored by many other conservative professors and analysts, including Heather Mac Donald and Professor Amy Wax. Four: Indoctrinating Students PAGE 260 It’s clear from the moment they set foot on campus that students have entered a monoculture. Everyone must believe in the same basic tenets—that if something or someone makes you “feel bad,” it’s evil. pg. 3 MindingtheCampus.org INTRODUCTION By John Leo “If men are to be precluded from offering their sentiments on a matter, which may involve the most serious and alarming consequences that can invite the consideration of mankind, reason is of no use to us; the freedom of speech may be taken away, and dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep, to the slaughter.” — George Washington, first U.S. president For the past 12 years, Minding the Campus has been a small but fierce watchdog of the changes taking place in higher education. A college degree that is conferred used to mean that the person was educated in language, literature, mathematics, science, and the arts. Some students do excel in the liberal arts, but the push to ensure that all Americans get a college education has opened the doors to many who are not qualified for higher academic work yet still receive a degree. The idea of striving for excellence and having a common culture has disappeared on most campuses for two reasons: Excellence in the liberal arts suggests embracing the original precepts of the Greek philosophers who defined Western culture as those subjects or skills considered essential for a free person to know in order to take an active part in civic life, pg. 4 MindingtheCampus.org something that included participating in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and importantly, serving in the military. In an interview about his new book, The Assault on American Excellence,” Anthony Kroman, a professor at Yale Law School, commented on affirmative action, “This means that the extraordinarily talented young people, of every complexion and ethnic origin, who arrive on Yale’s campus each fall, are encouraged, even before they have begun to get their bearings, to think of themselves as members of a group, first, and individuals second. They are steered, by the culture of the school, toward the affinity groups that today define the balkanized terrain of college life. As a result, the value of the very opportunity that programs of affirmative action were originally meant to enhance is lost or reduced.” Today, however, Western culture is under assault from within the very institutions originally founded to promote that culture. The reason: racial and sexual identity groups, which seem to dominate the discourse on campuses, blame white culture for what they perceive to be unfair treatment. And they act out with support from the bias teams that are hired to ensure not only fair treatment but an absence of “feeling bad” because of a book that might have been assigned, a quote that might have been cited, or simply an alternate opinion to their own that made them feel “unsafe.” Nearly 90 percent of Pomona College students surveyed in a Gallup-Knight Foundation poll believe that the campus climate prevents them from saying something others might find offensive. The poll, conducted by Gallup for the college, reached about 35 percent of students and 65 percent of faculty. The Claremont Independent, the campus conservative paper, says the poll reported that a mere three percent of students and four percent of faculty are conservative. Half of the students who are liberal and 75% of those who identified as very liberal supported certain speech restrictions. One rising sophomore told the Independent on the condition of anonymity that “[more than being afraid of saying things that others could find offensive, I think a lot of people on campus, including myself, feel like if they say anything that goes against the surface level campus culture dogma, they could be socially shunned.” At the outset, people thought, “It’s kids—they’ll change when they get jobs and face the real world.” But the opposite seems to be true: in their efforts to appeal to millennials and generation Y, businesses are pandering to “the kids.” Nike took the postage-stamp-sized Betsy Ross flag off the back of its sneaker because Colin Kaepernick, their spokesperson, said it represented slavery. Gillette created a “toxic masculinity” ad that made white males look like fools. Both companies lost sales but bounded back. pg. 5 MindingtheCampus.org Are a white person’s values so different from a black person’s? Or an Asian’s? Or a Latino’s? We all want our kids to thrive, and most of us know that means getting a good, well-rounded education that could give our kids the mobility they seem to want. A friend of mine who edits The New York Times crossword puzzle once said he worried about finding clues that were shared across generations. If we don’t read some of the same books, listen to some of the same music, or hear some of the same news, we, too, can become clueless. John Leo, author of Two Steps Ahead of the Thought Police and Incorrect Thoughts is also editor of Minding the Campus. pg. 6 MindingtheCampus.org One Exploiting “Diversity” as a Political Wedge What Happened to Our Universities? By Philip Carl Salzman, October 31, 2018 As extensively documented, our universities have been swept up into a new cultural movement, the so-called “social justice” movement. “Social justice” ideology is based on the Marxist vision that the world is divided into oppressor classes and oppressed classes. Unlike classical Marxism that divides the world into a bourgeois oppressor class and a proletarian oppressed class — that is capitalists oppressing pg. 7 MindingtheCampus.org workers — neo-Marxist “social justice” theory divides the world into gender, racial, sexual, and religious classes: male oppressors and female victims; white oppressors and people of color victims; heterosexual oppressors and gay, lesbian, transsexual, etc. etc. victims; Christian and Jewish oppressors and Muslim victims. “Social justice” ideology leads to the rejection of oppressive institutions such as capitalism and Western Civilization. Universalistic criteria such as merit, achievement, and excellence are rejected today in universities and beyond because they allegedly disadvantage members of victim categories. Preferential measures on behalf of victims have been adopted as the overriding and primary purpose of universities today. Course topics, course substance, course references, recruitment of students, provision of special facilities and events for “victim” categories, hiring of academic and administrative staff, all are aimed to benefit members of “victim” categories and to exclude and marginalize members of “oppressor” categories. Sociology, anthropology, political science, English, history, women’s and gender studies, black studies, social work, education, and law have all jettisoned their traditional fields of study to become “social justice” subjects, vilifying men, whites, heterosexuals, the West, capitalism, and advocating for women, people of color, gays etc., and Muslims. Now there is a full-throttle attack on the natural sciences and on STEM fields to infuse them with “victims,” whatever these “victim” preferences and abilities might be, and to turn STEM into “social justice” fields, so that there would no longer be “science,” but “feminist science” that is “socially just.” How did all of this happen? What brought about this almost universal change in institutions of “higher learning”? It was and is, in fact, the most normal thing in the cultural world: a return to the default of a closed, moralistic worldview. Human psychology favors secure and comfortable closed, moralized cultures. In most societies throughout history, the always fragile and vulnerable set of cultural understandings were framed in absolute and unchallengeable terms, so as to bolster them, justifying them in terms of the requirements of religion, race, history, or justice. The ancient Hebrew tribes divided people into those who followed one God, and those who worshiped idols. The Catholic Church defined good and evil in terms of its theological precepts and sent those who disagreed to hell to burn in eternity. pg. 8 MindingtheCampus.org Following the inspiration of the Holy Inquisition, American Protestants sought out witches for extermination. Islam divided the world into Muslim worshippers of Allah, and infidels, targeting infidels for slavery, conversion, or death. The Nazis saw the world as a struggle between the pure race and the inferior races, and they sent those they considered inferior to a hell the Nazis themselves created. The Communists divided the world into those who sided with “the people,” the Communists themselves, and other “people” who were political opponents or members of oppressive classes, and other non-people were drugged in insane asylums, worked to death, starved to death, or executed.
Recommended publications
  • Stepping up to the Challenge of Leadership on Race
    STEPPING UP TO THE CHALLENGE OF LEADERSHIP ON RACE Anthony C. Thompson* I. INTRODUCTION First and foremost, I want to thank you for inviting me to deliver this keynote address. I applaud your choice to participate in a conference on difference and leadership because these are critical issues that deserve our best thinking and our collective attention. I have watched with great interest as organizations from global businesses, to law schools, to court systems have begun embracing the concept of diversity and inclusion. Setting diversity and inclusion as operating goals in our institutions is long overdue and an important step toward addressing chronic equity issues in our society. But as I celebrate the attention and intention around such efforts, I also have a worry. I am concerned that, as we work toward the inclusion part of the effort, we are rushing a little too fast past the diversity component. As a country, we have been quite anxious to define diversity as “diversity of thought,” “diversity of experience,” and, yes, even “gender diversity” as a way of avoiding the difficulty and discomfort of examining racial diversity. But we, as lawyers and leaders, need to learn to get comfortable in that discomfort. Because as much as we might * Professor of Clinical Law, Faculty Director, Center on Race, Inequality, and the Law at New York University School of Law. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Filomen D’Agostino and Max Greenberg Research Fund at the New York University School of Law. I would like to thank Professor Kim Taylor-Thompson for her helpful comments on this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exclusion of Conservative Women from Feminism: a Case Study on Marine Le Pen of the National Rally1 Nicole Kiprilov a Thesis
    The Exclusion of Conservative Women from Feminism: A Case Study on Marine Le Pen of the National Rally1 Nicole Kiprilov A thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science for honors Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2019 1 Note name change from National Front to National Rally in June 2018 1 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to a number of people who were integral to my research and thesis-writing journey. I thank my advisor, Dr. Michael Munger, for his expertise and guidance. I am also very grateful to my two independent study advisors, Dr. Beth Holmgren from the Slavic and Eurasian Studies department and Dr. Michèle Longino from the Romance Studies department, for their continued support and guidance, especially in the first steps of my thesis-writing. In addition, I am grateful to Dr. Heidi Madden for helping me navigate the research process and for spending a great deal of time talking through my thesis with me every step of the way, and to Dr. Richard Salsman, Dr. Genevieve Rousseliere, Dr. Anne Garréta, and Kristen Renberg for all of their advice and suggestions. None of the above, however, are responsible for the interpretations offered here, or any errors that remain. Thank you to the entire Duke Political Science department, including Suzanne Pierce and Liam Hysjulien, as well as the Duke Roman Studies department, including Kim Travlos, for their support and for providing me this opportunity in the first place. Finally, I am especially grateful to my Mom and Dad for inspiring me. Table of Contents 2 Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………4 Part 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………..5 Purpose ………………………………………………………………………………..13 Methodology and Terms ……………………………………………………………..16 Part 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………..18 The National Rally and Women ……………………………………………………..18 Marine Le Pen ………………………………………………………………………...26 Background ……………………………………………………………………26 Rise to Power and Takeover of National Rally …………………………..
    [Show full text]
  • Inspiring Americans to Greatness Attendees of the 2019 Freedom Conference Raise Their Hands in Solidarity with Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Protesters
    Annual Report 2019-20 Inspiring Americans to Greatness Attendees of the 2019 Freedom Conference raise their hands in solidarity with Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters The principles espoused by The Steamboat Institute are: Limited taxation and fiscal responsibility • Limited government • Free market capitalism Individual rights and responsibilities • Strong national defense Contents INTRODUCTION EMERGING LEADERS COUNCIL About the Steamboat Institute 2 Meet Our Emerging Leaders 18 Letter from the Chairman 3 MEDIA COVERAGE AND OUTREACH AND EVENTS PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Campus Liberty Tour 4 Media Coverage 20 Freedom Conferences and Film Festival 8 Social Media Analytics 21 Additional Outreach 10 FINANCIALS TONY BLANKLEY FELLOWSHIP 2019-20 Revenue & Expenses 22 FOR PUBLIC POLICY & AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM FUNDING About the Tony Blankley Fellowship 11 2019 and 2020 Fellows 12 Funding Sources 23 Past Fellows 14 MEET OUR PEOPLE COURAGE IN EDUCATION AWARD Board of Directors 24 Recipients 16 National Advisory Board 24 Our Team 24 The Steamboat Institute 2019-20 Annual Report – 1 – About The Steamboat Institute Here at the Steamboat Institute, we are Defenders of Freedom When we started The Steamboat Institute in 2008, it was and Advocates of Liberty. We are admirers of the bravery out of genuine concern for the future of our country. We take and rugged individualism that has made this country great. seriously the concept that freedom is never more than one We are admirers of the greatness and wisdom that resides generation away from extinction. in every individual. We understand that this is a great nation because of its people, not because of its government. The Steamboat Institute has succeeded beyond anything Like Thomas Jefferson, we would rather be, “exposed to we could have imagined when we started in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Mccarren Park Uart­ View All Monuments in NYC Parks, As Well As Temporary Public Art Installations on Our NYC Public Art Map and Guide I Map)
    BOARD MEETING AFFIRMATION OF NEW MEMBERS Chairperson Ms. Fuller requested the new members to come forward to be affirmed. Mr. Solomon Green, Ms. Dana Rachlin, Mr. Michael Gary Schlesinger ROLL CALL Chairperson Ms. Fuller requested District Manager Mr. Esposito to call the roll. He informed the Chairperson that there were 39 members present, a sufficient quorum to call the meeting to order. MOMENT OF SILENCE Chairperson Ms. Fuller called for a moment of silence dedicated to Mr. Weidberg and his family, for the passing of Mr. Weidberg’s brother. ELECTIONS At 8:00 PM, Chairperson Ms. Fuller announced that it was time for elections. She requested the Elections Committee members [Ms. Barros; Ms. Foster; Mr. Torres] to come forward. Ballots were distributed and collected. The meeting continued while the Elections Committee convened in the other room to count the ballots. The committee reported the following regarding the elections: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE POSITION CANDIDATE TALLY OF VOTES Chairperson Dealice Fuller 38 votes __________________________________________________________________________________ First Vice Chairperson Simon Weiser 23 votes. Karen Nieves 14 votes. __________________________________________________________________________________ Second Vice Chairperson Del Teague 38 votes. __________________________________________________________________________________ Third Vice Chairperson Stephen J. Weidberg 38 votes. __________________________________________________________________________________ Financial Secretary Maria Viera
    [Show full text]
  • A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts
    CIVIC ART A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts . . . , · Published by the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts · mmxiii United States Commission of Fine Arts 401 F Street, NW, Suite 312 Washington, D.C. 20001-2728 Telephone: 202-504-2260 www.cfa.gov The U.S. Commission of Fine Arts offers broad public access to its resources—including photographs, drawings, and official govern- ment documents—as a contribution to education, scholarship, and public information. The submission of documents to the Commis- sion of Fine Arts for review constitutes permission to use the documents for purposes related to the activities of the commission, including display, reproduction, publication, or distribution. printed and bound in the united states of america 16 15 14 13 4 3 2 1 U.S. Government Printing Office Cataloging-in-Publication Data Civic art : a centennial history of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts / edited by Thomas E. Luebke. Washington, D.C. : [U.S. Commission of Fine Arts], 2013. p. cm. Supt. of Docs. no: FA 1.2: C 87 ISBN: 978-0-160897-02-3 1. Washington (D.C.)—Buildings, structures, etc. 2. U.S Commission of Fine Arts—History. 3. Public architecture—United States. 4. Architecture--Washington (D.C.)—History. I. Luebke, Thomas E. II. U.S. Commission of Fine Arts. Editor and Project Director: Thomas E. Luebke, FAIA Managing Editor: Mary M.Konsoulis Historian: Kathryn Fanning, PhD Architectural Historian: Eve Barsoum Illustration Editor: Sarah Batcheler Manuscript Editor: Beth Carmichael Meadows Design Office, Inc., Washington, D.C. Art Director and Designer: Marc Alain Meadows Assistant Editor: Caroline Taylor Imaging Assistant: Nancy Bratton : Michael Lantz, Man Controlling Trade, Federal Trade Commission building, 1937–42 (CFA collection).
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Eye, Winter 2017
    WINTER 2017 The Public Eye In this issue: Religious Freedom is a Progressive Value • Birth of the Alt Right • Mobilizing Misogyny • Right Moves: Interview with Jason Stahl editor’s letter BY FREDERICK CLARKSON After the November election, the growing concern among progressives about the “Alt THE PUBLIC EYE Right”—an ideology that draws together White supremacism, misogyny, antisemitism, QUARTERLY and authoritarianism in an irony- and meme-fueled movement—became a sense of emer- gency. Followers of the movement were Sieg Heiling in Washington D.C. hotels, and a spate PUBLISHER Tarso Luís Ramos of attacks against minority groups and people of color were reported across the country. It seemed as though the worst elements of President Trump’s base had emerged en masse to EDITOR mark their victory with virulent displays of intolerance. But as with confronting any threat, Kathryn Joyce effective response first requires understanding it. COVER ART Nansi Guevara In this issue, as well as in a rapidly-expanding list of online-exclusive reports, stories, and LAYOUT profiles, PRA is doing what it does best: digging into the fraught subject of the White na- Gabriel Joffe tionalist Alt Right with meticulous research and broad historical context. This edition of PRINTING The Public Eye includes two full-length features concerning the Alt Right. The first of these Red Sun Press is David Neiwert’s “Birth of the Alt Right” (pg. 4). Neiwert, who with journalist Sarah EDITORIAL BOARD Posner investigated the movement over the course of the presidential race, delves into the Frederick Clarkson • Alex DiBranco deep backstory of how the Alt Right came to be.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to the Internal Review Committee
    Center for Neuroscience & Society University of Pennsylvania REPORT TO THE INTERNAL REVIEW COMMITTEE I. Mission …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. p. 2 II. History …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. p. 2 III. People ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. p. 2 Faculty Staff Fellows Visiting Scholars Advisory Board IV. Funding …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… p. 4 V. Space and Facilities ………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 4 VI. Overview .……………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 5 VII. Research on Neuroscience and Society…………………………………………………………. P. 5 VIII. Outreach (Including K-12 Education) …………………………………………………………… p. 7 Online Public Talks Academic Outreach Within Penn Outreach Beyond Penn Conferences K-12 Education IX. Higher Education ………………………………………………………………………………………….. p. 11 Neuroscience Boot Camp Continuing Medical Education Neuroethics Learning Collaborative Penn Fellowships in Neuroscience and Society New Courses Preceptorials Graduate Certificate in Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) X. Conclusions, Challenges for the Future …………………………………………………………… p. 15 Appendices 1-11 Submitted April 9, 2016, by Martha J. Farah, Director of the Center for Neuroscience & Society 1 I. Mission Neuroscience is giving us increasingly powerful methods for understanding, predicting and manipulating the human mind. Every sphere of life in which psychology plays a central role – from education and family life to law and politics – will be touched by these advances, and some will be profoundly transformed.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017-Year-In-Review-Peakprosperity
    2017 Year in Review Markets Fiddle While Rome Burns David B. Collum Betty R. Miller Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Email: [email protected] Twitter: @DavidBCollum Introduction “He is funnier than you are.” ~David Einhorn, Greenlight Capital, on Dave Barry’s Year in Review Every December, I write a survey trying to capture the year’s prevailing themes. I appear to have stiff competition—the likes of Dave Barry on one extreme1 and on the other, Pornhub’s marvelous annual climax that probes deeply personal preferences in the world’s favorite pastime.2 (I know when I’m licked.) My efforts began as a few paragraphs discussing the markets on Doug Noland’s bear chat board and monotonically expanded to a tome covering the orb we call Earth. It posts at Peak Prosperity, reposts at ZeroHedge, and then fans out from there. Bearishness and right-leaning libertarianism shine through as I spelunk the Internet for human folly to couch in snarky prose while trying to avoid the “expensive laugh” (too much setup).3 I rely on quotes to let others do the intellectual heavy lifting. PeakProsperity.com 1 “Consider adding more of your own thinking and judgment to the mix . most folks are familiar with general facts but are unable to process them into a coherent and actionable framework.” ~Tony Deden, founder of Edelweiss Holdings, on his second read through my 2016 Year in Review “Just the facts, ma’am.” ~Joe Friday By October, I have usually accrued 500 single-spaced pages of notes, quotes, and anecdotes.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Women
    Violence Against Women Karen F. Balkin, Book Editor Daniel Leone,President Bonnie Szumski, Publisher Scott Barbour, Managing Editor Helen Cothran, Senior Editor CURRENT CONTROVERSIES San Diego • Detroit • New York • San Francisco • Cleveland New Haven, Conn. • Waterville, Maine • London • Munich © 2004 by Greenhaven Press. Greenhaven Press is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Greenhaven® and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact Greenhaven Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. Every effort has been made to trace the owners of copyrighted material. Cover credit: © Najlah Feanny/CORBIS SABA LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Violence against women / Karen F. Balkin, book editor. p. cm. — (Current controversies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7377-2042-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-7377-2041-7 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper) 1. Women—Violence against. 2. Women—Violence against—United States. I. Balkin, Karen F., 1949– . II. Series. HV6250.4.W65V536 2004 362.88'082—dc21 2003048328 Printed in the United States of America Contents Foreword 8 Introduction 10 Chapter 1: Is Violence Against Women in the United States a Serious Problem? Chapter Preface 15 Yes: Violence Against Women in the United States Is a Serious Problem Violence Against Women Is a Serious Problem by Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes 17 Physical violence against women in America is widespread, injurious, and sometimes deadly.
    [Show full text]
  • Law & Economics
    ANNUAL REPORT 2008–2009 We find “islands of conscious power in this ocean of unconscious co-operation like lumps of butter coagulat- ing in a pail of buttermilk.” But in view of the fact that it is usually argued that co-ordination will be done by the price mechanism, why is such organization neces- sary? Why are there these “islands of conscious power”? Outside the firm, price movements direct production, which is coordinated through a series of exchange trans- actions on the market. Within a firm, these markets transactions are eliminated and in place of the com- plicated market structure with exchange transactions is substituted the entrepreneur co-ordinator, who directs production. It is clearinstitute that these for are alternative methods of co-ordinatinglaw production. & economics Yet, having regard to the fact that if production is regulated by price movements, production could be carried on without any organization at all, well might we ask, why is there any organization? A Joint Research Center of the Law School, the Wharton School, and the Department of Economics in the School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania Message from the Co-Chairs for almost three decades, penn’s institute for law and economics has contributed to scholarship, policy, and practice on relevant issues of law and economics that affect our country’s businesses and fi nancial institutions. tHe InstItUte’s programs have become increasingly relevant and important in this challenging economic climate, focusing on the issues that the academic, legal, and business communities care about. today the Institute enjoys an Message from the Co-Chairs 1 deal day 20 outstanding international reputation for the excellence of its programs, where leaders in business, fi nancial management, Board of Advisors 2 Chancery Court programs 20 legal practice, and academic scholarship candidly discuss the intersec- Message from the Dean 4 Lectures 22 tion of theory and practice on a host of signifi cant issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Is It Possible to Identify As a Feminist and Vote for Donald Trump?
    The feminists who voted for Trump: Is it possible to identify as a feminist and vote for Donald Trump? Politics with a minor in International Relations Abstract 1 Literature on feminist voting in the 2016 American Presidential election has focused predominantly around Hillary Clinton. For many researchers, the existence of feminists voting for Donald Trump is merely a consequence of feminist reactions to Clinton. Additionally, much of this research is media based, indicating a lack of academic rigour to its conclusions. Although some scholars have investigated the reasoning behind the many white women who voted Trump, they have not explored this fully with feminist theory in mind. This dissertation will focus exclusively on feminist women who chose to vote for Trump. Utilizing a broad range of feminist theory, from waves of feminism to the hyphenation model, it will formulate a definition of feminism in 2016 America. This will indicate the theory behind feminist justifications for voting Trump. Existing interviews with feminist Trump voters will be analysed against the theoretical definition of feminism. This will provide examples of how feminists explain their voting choices in practice and demonstrate both the links and discrepancies between Trump and feminism. On reflection, this dissertation finds the common understanding of feminism as directly opposed to Trump to be overly simplistic. Whilst some feminist voters provide reasons for voting Trump that appear to contradict the theory of feminism, others provide explanations that are strongly rooted in feminist theory. It concludes, that whilst it is unlikely, it is possible to identify as feminist and vote for Trump.
    [Show full text]
  • CIPA Trial Concludes
    v51n3.qxd 05/08/2002 4:01 PM Page 109 ISSN 0028-9485 May 2002 Volume LI No. 3 The U.S. Congress’s third assault on Internet pornography appears likely to meet the same ignoble end as the previous two. A two-week trial over library filtering ended April 4 with a trio of judges criticizing the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) as an unreasonable intrusion into the rights of Americans to view legal material online. “We are fortunate to be in the Third Circuit Court, whose judges have confronted these issues before and are familiar with many of the interests at stake,” said Judith Krug, direc- tor of the ALA’s Office for Intellectual Freedom. “This morning, the judges asked prob- ing and detailed questions in preparation for their deliberations.” CIPA, which supporters view as the government’s best shot yet at reining in online pornography, requires public libraries to install filtering software on all computers or lose federal technology funding. Attorneys for a plaintiffs’ coalition of libraries, library patrons and Web site operators, led by the American Library Association, who want CIPA overturned, said in closing arguments for the two-week trial that libraries cannot imple- ment the law without denying patrons their First Amendment right to free speech under CIPA trial the U.S. Constitution. “We’re stuck right in the heart of the First Amendment when we’re talking about concludes libraries,” observed U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Chief Judge Edward Becker as testimony and argument concluded. Becker heads a three-judge panel that will rule by early May on the plaintiffs’ request for a permanent injunction against CIPA.
    [Show full text]