l1146 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 8
Officers of the Supply Corps · Clifton B. Cates Lemuel C. Shepherd~ To Be Commanders Leo D. Hermie . Jr. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charles K. Phillips To be brigadier generals MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1947 Allen .B. Reed, Jr. · Alfred H. Noble Omar T. Pfeiffer Officers of the Dentat Corps Graves B. Erskine William E. Riley The House met at 12 o'clock noon. To Be Commanders Louis E. Woods Merwin H. Silverthorn Franklin A. Hart Ray A. Robinson The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera John P. Jarabak Field Harris Gerald C. Thomas Montgomery, D. D., offered the follow Herman K. Rendtorff William J. Wallace Henry D. Linscott ing prayer: Robert D. Wyckoff Oliver P. Smith Dudley S. Brown Almighty God, our Father, we bring Officers of the line Robert Blake Robert H. Pepper our sins and our virtues into Thy re To Be Lieutenant Commanders William A. Worton William P. T. Hill William T. Clement Andrew E. Creesy vealing light and pray Thee to skill us John L. Hutchinson Ogle W. Price, Jr. Louis R. Jones Leonard E. Rea in those purposes which make for a world Walter F. V. Bennett William E. Hoppe John T. Walker Merritt B. Curtis of love, of contentment and peace. Be James F. Wheeler Robert M. Ross Francis A. Lewis William J. Hagerty The following-named officers for appoint not far away, but continue to create Frederick W. Zigler Harry S. Warren ment in the United States Marine Corps in within us the ·finest conceptions of duty Willard H. Davidson James H. Mahoney, the ranks hereinafter stated; in accordance and responsibility. Grant unto us the Robert H. Lemmon Jr. with the provisions of Public Law 347, Sev understanding that the law of goodness Christopher J. Kerst- Frank M. Romanick enty-ninth Congress: is mightier than the rule of intellect. ing Charles W. Sellars, Jr. To be lieutenant colonel Help us to endeavor uprightly to give to Vincent M. Dickerson Richard 0. Devine Spencer S. Berger our thoughts a logic that is made supe William F. Barry William Schubert To be majors rior by our integrity and personal char Robert G. Black Richard B. McNees acters. In these most urgent hours, let J. Thomas Godfrey Bernard M. Sorem James B. Maguire, Jr. Olin L. Hipp Paul A. Newlove John H. Papurca us show forth a zeal to create a new Franklin V. Bernhard James R. Wilson Spencer H. Pratt and better order for stricken humanity. Benjamin R. Egge- Harold S. Lewis To be captains 0 by the sacrament of human sympathy man, Jr. Robert H. Boyle Junius M. Lowder, Jr. lead us on and on, ever in harmony with Officers of the Supply Corps George J. Brookes, Jr. Richard L. Nickerson Thy holy will. In the name of Christ To Be Lieutenant Commanders James H. Crutchfield Gerald D. Schmidt we pray. Amen. Stanley S. Hughes John K. Walker Johnie L. DeLany The Journal of the proceedings of Fri Harry L. Miller Stuart H. Smith To be first lieutenants day, December 5, 1947, was r.ead and Officer of the Civil Engineer Corps Van Daley Bell, Jr. Herbert c·. Reed approved. William M. Derby, Jr. Albert H. Risner To Be Lieutenant Commander Neil Dimond Paul W. Seabaugh CALENDAR WEDNESDAY Joseph R. Braheney William G. Graeber, Ray W. Settle Mr. HALLECK. Jy.lr. Speaker, I ask Officer of the Dental Corps J r. Henry K. Shaw Joseph N. Irick G<:lrdon N. Smith unanimous consent that business in order To Be Lieutenant Commander Edward E. Kaufer Lyle S. Stephenson on Calendar Wednesday of this week may John C. Roble Richard H. Kern James B. Talley be dispensed with. IN THE NAVY Francis R. Kraince Elwood C. Veregge The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Billie E. Laos James F. Williams the request of the gentleman from In APPOINTMENTS IN THE NAVY Doane W. McElravy Robert P. Wray The nominations of Charles R. Burke and diana [Mr. HALLECK].? 567 other officers for appointment in the To be second lieutenants There was no objection. John C. Alexander Jack R. Kearney United States Navy, which were confirmed EXTENSION OF REMARKS today, appear in full in the Senate proceed J ames C. Alison Charles F. King, Jr. ings Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for Novem John R. Barnard William R. Lipscomb Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and ber 24, 1947, under the caption "Nomina James C. Barr Frederick C. McLaugh- was granted, permission to extend his tions," beginning on page 10765 with the Donald M. Blomgren lin Charles M. Darracott Richard R. Miller remarks in the RECORD in three instances name of Charles R. Burke, and ending on and include extraneous matter. page 10767 with the name of Walter P. LeRoy M. Duffy Kenny c. Palmer Woznick. Robert M. H. DuPuy Bertram H. Pryor Mr. ARNOLD asked and was granted The nominations of Richard C. Jacobi and James D. Feltman Kenneth R. Snyder permission to extend his remarks in the 376 others for appoint ment in the Navy, Leo Gumienny William E. Sweeney RECORD in two iP..stances, in one to in which were confirmed today, appear in full Jack R. Hansen Roma T. Taylor, Jr. clude an article from the United States in the Senate proceedings of the CoNGRES William A. Harris Jay J. Thomas, Jr. Neil E. Heffernan William L. Tipton, Jr. News and in the• other an article from SIONAL RECORD for November 24, 1947, under Nation's Business. the caption "Nominations," beginning on · Sidney H. Hilliard, Jr. Robert A. Underwood page 10764 with the name of Richard C. Thomas J. Holt James G. Webster Mr. ROBERTSON asked and was Jacobi, and ending on page 10765 with the To . be commiSsioned warrant officers granted permission to extend his re name of Mae E. Young. Robert L. Dickey Charles R. Jackson marks in the RECORD and include a state The nominations of the following-named Cecll M. Dietz Douglas K. Morton ment by Mr: Donald R. Richberg in the (civilian college graduates) to be ensigns in Frank E. Herbert August Olaguez New York Times of Sunday. the Supply Corps of the Navy were con Charles A. Holmes John D. Rogers Mr. DEVITT asked and was granted firmed today: To be a first lieutenant in the Regular Marine permission to extend his remarks-in the Joseph R. Bow John L. Perschy Corps Appendix of the RECORD in three in Donald L. B. Combs George R. Pippi~ Joel L. Neuman stances, in one to include an article from Edward L. Jennings, Rob€1't G. Pistner the St. Paul Pioneer Press, in another a Jr. Jacl\:son LeR. Schultz To be second lieutenants in the Marine Corps column from the St. Paul Pioneer Press. Everett E. Karraker Wayne S. Upton John H. Affleck David A. Lowe and in the third an ·address delivered by Howard "K" Parker Michael M. Ameen, Jr.Karl D. Morrison The following-named (civilian college . John A. Buck Robert L. Nelson the President of the Philippines, His graduates) to be ensigns in the Civil En Esten C. Carper, Jr. Jack J. Petska Excellency Manuel Roxas. gineer Corps of the Navy: Michael F. Castro Jerome N. Pieti Mr. FARRINGTON asked and was Robertson W. Buck Donald A. Chiappettl Robert C. Sebilian given permission to extend his remarks Lawrence M. White William J. Davis Carl H. Strandberg in the RECORD in two instances, in one Frank Y. Dill Donald B. Thomas IN THE MARINE CORPS to include an article from the Reader's Donald L. Evans, Jr. Paul R. Uft'elman Digest and in the other a statement APPOINTMENT TO PERM~NENT GRADE IN THE" ~hilip Hanna, Jr. Richmond Vanden MAlliNE CORPS Melvin G. Hector Heuvel from the Legislative Reference Service To be major generals Kenneth W. Henry Robert E. Walton of the Library of Congress. · Edward G. Jernigan Justin H. Wenger Harry Schmidt Ralph J. Mitchell Mr. KEATING asked and was given Keller E. Rockey Pedro A. del Valle To be second lieutenants permission to extend his remarks in the Allen H. Turnage Thomas E. Watson Michael M. Spark Appendix of the RECORD regarding a joint Samuel L. Howard LeRoy. P. H\lnt ~Chard M. Bickford resolution he is introducing today. 1947 CONGREHSIO·NAL RECORD-· HOUSE 11147 Mr. TOLLEFSON asked and was given $2,000 because it seems probable that their long ·fight for removal of discriminatory permission . to extend .· his remarks in the additional foreign-aid bill is going Federal and State taxes and hampering regu- "th t ff t• · · lations. The Federal tax of 10 cents a pound the Appendix of the RECORD and include t 0 pass Wl OU . any e ec lVe prOVISIOn on colored margarine has heretofore been one a letter. to check its inflationary effects. · of the chief targets of attack. But now that Mr. SMITH of Ohio · asked and was · I am introducing this bill to express millions of housewives have discovered how given permission to extend his remarks my conviction that there must be an easy it is to introduce coloring matter into in the Appendix of the RECORD and in easing of the cost of living. This is one uncolored margarine we doubt whether this clude a letter. way to help. One ought not to be taxegeneral revision of the tax consumer pays the higher ·prices resulting a constituent. structure, but I want to express my ear- from a restricted supply. Since the Govern · Mr. THOMAS of Texas asked and was nest conviction -that personal exemptions ment professes to be concerned about the given permission to extend his remarks should be raised as one means of easing high cost of living, there appears to be no he" cost to live. I hope this may be in- legitimate excuse for retention of a system of in the RECORD. . t discriminatory excises and license fees that · Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana asked and eluded in any tax bill that is reported add to the cost of a wholesome butter substi- was given permission to extend his re.:. by the Committee on·Ways and Means. tute. If Congress were to take the lead ·in marks in the RECORD and include an ad THE :¥ARGARINE TAX . abolishing restrictive Federal taxes on mar- dress by Governor Davis, of Louisiana. - garine, as Senator FULBRIGHT has suggested, Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-. the drive to eliminate simila-r levies and nui permission to extend his remarks in imous consent to address the House for sanc;e regWations imposed by various States the RECORD and InclUde a portion of the 1 minute, to revise and extend ' my re~ would be greatly strengt~ened. President's address. marks, and to inc}ude therein an edito- MERIDIAN FIRE PREVENTION YEAR · Mr. HAYS asked and was given per rial on the margarine tax published in mission to extend his remarks in the this mor_ning's Washington Post. Mr. WINSTEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Appendix of the RECORD on two subjects, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent to. address the House in one to include an address by Presi the request of the gentleman from New · ·far 1. minute arid to revise and extend dent Conant, of Harvard.- and in the York? my remarks. other an editorial published in the There was no objection; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Washington Post. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, as a step in the request of the gentleman from Mis Mr. HEFFERNAN. Mr. Speaker, I reduCing the high cost of living for the sissippi? ask unanimous consent to extend my re beriefit of American householders, I in- There was no objection. marks in the Appendix of the RECORD traduced several. weeks ago a bil.l to :re-. . Mr. WINSTEAD. Mr. Speaker, I take and include a letter by the late Wendell peal discriminatory taxes ori oleomar- the floor today to call the attention of Phillips Dodge, Jr. I am advised by the garine. Under umin1mous consent I _in- .. the Congress and the Nation to an out Public Printer that it exceeds the limit elude with these remarks an editorial on standing movement in Meridian, Miss., a established by the Joint Committee.· on the subj.ect which appeared in the Wash- project which is known as the Meridian Printing and that it will cost· $177 .so: ington Post this morning: Fire Prevention Year. Even though most The SPEAKER. Notwithstanding the MARGARINE TAX of the larger cities of the Nation have excess, without objection, the extension Time was when producers of rr.argarine observed fire-prevention week, ·sa far as may be made. had to struggle against the handicap of con- I know, no major city of the United There was· no objection. · sumer prejudice as well as tax dtscrimina- States has ever sponsored fire prevention Mr. DAVIS of Georgia asked and was tion. Wartime butter shortages that forced many butter eaters to turn to margarine did for 52 weeks, or 365 days. This great given permission to extend his remarks much to dissipate a prejudice that was based adventure in American fire-fighting his in the RECORD and include a letter and partly on ignorance and partly on occasional tory will get under way on January 1, an editorial. sampling of inferior kinds of margarine. 1948, and during the en"tire year 1948 Mr. HEBERT pieces of legislation that has ever come t~in important amendments added to it, ately needed is aid to maintain the status before this Congress-difficult because where I could do it if I thought the quo in food ~nd in the material necessary · we do not know all of the facts. finances were going through the proper to keep the wheels turning and people at work. We have already given, through vari channels and the goods were getting to It will do little good to discuss the merits ous governmental agencies, the astound the proper people. Certainly the gentle of a recovery program for Europe, if in the ing figure of $66,017,790,335. Against man from Minnesota [Mr. AuGUST H. meantime political and economic conditions this we have received in what is referred ANDRESEN] made a strong point the other have deteriorated to a point where such a to as reverse lend-lease $7,811,049,000. day when he said, if we are going to stop program could not possibly succeed. This can be referred to as relief funds, communism, we should get the food into The problem of overseas payment has be goods, and other economic aid that have the stomachs of the people who are hun come p_articularly acute in the case of Aus been doled out in various ways. The gry. It is too much to expect this to oc tr.ia, France, and Italy. It is clear that the people of these countries in the absence-of largest single item went to England. cur from any government in Europe listed immediate assistance will, during the next Now, in this bill we are called upon to in this category today. few months, begin to suffer from a lack of give to the governments of three coun I think the Herter amendment should food and other necessities of life, and the tries of Europe the astounding sum of be adopted regardless· of its length. No whole economic and social life of the people $590,000,000. We are told by some that group made a greater study than they will be seriously affected. Within a short it will stop the march of communism. did. And I think, regardless of what may time these countries will have exhausted all If it will do that, I will vote for it in a be said to the contrary, that whafwe do of the dollar resources which they can muster here today is in substance cutting the to maintain in the :flow of essential supplies. moment. No one has assured us that it Austria, whose economy is carrying the ·will do that. The best we can find out pattern for the Marshall plan, and I weight of a military occupation of four pow about it is that Russia dislikes it. We challenge that again and again we will ers, has been able to survive in recent months are told that it will feed the starving hear about this stopgap aid when the largely through the assistance rendered to millions, who are starving because of war question of the Marshall plan comes up. her under the United States foreign-relief and because of drought conditions. Let us not be led astray. The passage program. These funds will be exhausted As Christian,· American citizens, we of this proposed legislation today will shortly after the beginning of the year. The would authorize it for that reason. But have a dramatic· effect upon the economy dollar resources of France will permit her to procure essential food and fuel from abroad we have no knowledge that by that proc of the United States. We will be 'charged only until the end of December. Because ess it will get into the hands of the people again and again with bearing the re of her rapidly dwindling reserves she took who need it. We have reason to believe sponsibilities for the high prices of prod steps at the end of August to reduce sharply that an effort has been made to amend ucts. Nothing in all the world will so the placement of contracts for most other this legislation so that businessmen and affect the price of consumers' livelihood imports. Italy's financial situation is even those scientifically trained will become a as this authorization that this Congress more serious than that of Austria or France. part of a program for the sole purpose makes today. Last June the Italian Government took steps Mr: LANE. Mr. Chairman, I move to to eliminate the purchase of most of the of distributing these goods when they raw materials and supplies which she re arrive in the different countries. · strike out the last two words. quired for the operation of her econozp.y. If I read the bill correctly, this is not FRANCE, ITALY, AUSTRIA MUST HAVE The United States foreign-relief program included. In my personal judgment, INTERIM AID has been able to provide food and coal until this J.s a gross error. Failure to do Mr. Chairman, Monday, December 1, the present time. Funds are not in sight, this leaves the distribution in the hands was the dead line set by Secretary of however, beyond the 1st of December to of unstable governments-governments maintain the flow of these necessary com State Marshall for final congressional modities. which may be here today and gone to action on the President's request of morrow and governments which are con In order to meet this emergency, I recom $597,000,000 for interim aid to France, mend that you give immediate and urgent cerned necessarily with their exchange Italy, and Austria. A week has passed, . consideration to a bill authorizing the ap rate. and we have not approved this emer propriation of sufficient funds to provide the We are assuming from the President's gency measure. The very word "inter supplies necessary to permit the people of message that this is purely a stopgap im" indicates the urgency of a situation these countries to continue to eat, to work, relief aid, that it is no part of the Mar which is well documented by facts. The and to survive the winter. This is not a re shall plan, that the Marshall plan is covery program. It is designed to help pro people of Europe are desperate, and, un vide· the essentials of existence to the people strictly and wholly a question of the re less help is forthcoming without delay, habilitation of certain countries of of these three countries. they may turn to communism. This is To accomplish this purpose,· it 1s recom Europe. I have no right to challenge a crisis based on hunger-and it will not mended that the Congress authorizing an ap this. In my flwn personal mind, I can wait. propriation of $597,000,000. Of this amount not help but feel that this is cutting the The humanitarian instincts of the Austria needs $42,000,000, France needs $328,- pattern in some degree as to what we American people are too well known and 000,000, and Italy needs $227,000,000. These shall do, if we do anything, with the Mar so often demonstrated that they require funds should be sufficient to meet the 'sit shall plan. It is a preliminary, if you no verbal proof at this grave moment uation until March 31, 1948, before which please, to the Marshall plan. time we hope that some decision may have in world affairs. been taken by the Congress regarding a I recognize that the State Department The stern fact of the matter is that broad recovery program. The program of and Mr. Truman want to use this money hunger, unallayed, leads to war and is interim aid would be concentrated largely for diplomatic advantages. They will therefore a threat to our own security. on such items as food, fuel, fertilizer, fibers, want to do the same with the Marshall If we do not come to the aid of the peo seeds, and medical supplies. With such re plan, and they will oppose any change ~ ple in Europe, they will embrace the il sources as they can make available, the there, and I am thoroughly concerned to lusion .of communism as a way out of countries should be able themselves to pro be of service and help to the President cure other imports needed to prevent eco their difficulties. Once enslaved, they nomic deterioration. Interim aid should be and Mr. Marshall, but I have a vastly may be used against us. Without friends give:o. l to these countries under agreement to greater concern in my capacity as Con or allies, we shall stand hopelessly alone. • make efficient use of the commodities which gressman, and that is the concern of the As Secretary of State George C. Mar we would supply. They should also include taxpayers of this Nation, and especially shall said: a provision tha.t the receiving government my State. I have gone at some length into the major make known to its people the purpose and We hear again and again of the vast features of the long-range plan for Euro source of our supplies and that it would number of situations in this country pean reconstruction and the part _that the . make available full information concerning which need attention of a domestic char United States can prudently and wisely con their distribution and use. The urgency of acter. and they cannot yield to the fact tribute because I fully realize that the the situation is so great that I recommend speedy and adequate consideration of the that no new agency be set up to handle this that we continue to send vast sums interim program. Th.e time required to or abroad and neglect our people at home, interim-aid program which will be the first item of business presented to you, cannot ganize such an agency, to hire personnel, especially those who need assistance. be dealt with by the Congress without un and establish new procedures ·would defeat And, Mr. Chairman, I am not unmindful derstanding its relationship to the program its very purpose. Whatever agency might be of the fact that those abroad are worse of long-range reconstruction of Europe. created · to administer the long-term Euro off than most of our people at home. I would, however, urge upon you the ne pean recovery program could, of course, tak,e I cannot with good consci£:nce vote for cessity of a speedy decision in regard to over the operation of interim aid as soon as this appropriation unless there are cer- the interim-aid program. What is 1mmed1· lt comes into existence. 11162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-IIOUSE DECEMBER 8 We must not fall to meet this inspiring The time is short. The emergency is recently it has gone to 270,000 tons a day, challenge. We must not permit the free acute. An adequate interim-aid appro about one-third of what it should be. community of Europe to be extinguished. This 270,000 tons a day was cause for Should this occur, it would be a tragedy for priation shall be our swift and effective the world. It would impose incalculable response to Europe's desperate cry for much applause in the offing, but, from burdens upon this country and force serious help. my point of view, there is nothing to readjustments in our traditional way of life. Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Chairman, I ask applaud, for the recovery of western Eu One of our 'important freedoms-freedom of unanimous consent to extend my re rope has been retarded greatly by the choice in both domestic and foreign affairs marks at this point in the RECORD. failure to produce sufficient coal from would be drastically curtailed. The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection the Ruhr mines and to transport it to the Whether we like it or not, we find our to the request of the gentleman from consumer. There can be no satisfactory selves, our Nation, in a world position of vas~ responsibility. We can act for our own good New York? operation of these mines with a dual ar by acting for the world's good. There was no objection. rangement, a divided authority. Fur Mr. KEOGH. Mr: Chairman, as one thermore, the British Coal Control Board In these sober words, the Secretary of who was privileged to travel with theSe at Essen emphatically stated· that all coal State has confronted us- with a task lect Committee on Foreign Aid, I can at produced in· excess of 250,000 tons a day which we must do without delay. It is test·to the urgency for the speedy enact would have to be stocked, as there were part of a foreign--policy program upon ment of the pending bill. While it in not sufficient facilities for transporting it whose success or failure the peace and cludes interim aid only for the named to the point · of consumption. the happiness of the world depend. I~ countries-France, Italy; Austria, and · To continue our policy, practiced for is an issue of such gr:ave import that. it China-! should like to express the hope the last 2% -years, of furnishing Europe should be free from the intrigues of that the Committee on Foreign Affairs with the mere means 'of subsistence will domestic .politics. To their great credit, will give early consideration to a pro mean our keeping these millions of peo we admire the support being given to gram of long-range aid; In ·this latter ple alive for .generations. · What should this policy by two Republican ieaders, connection, I urge that the Committee have been done at the outset -was to di namely, Chairman ARTHUR H . .VAND~N consider the inclusion within such a pro rect our policy toward recovery, putti_ng BERG, of the ·Senate Foreign. Relations gram of those countriEi's faced with the these people back on·- their own feet and Committee: and Chairman CHARLFS A. necessity therefor.· It is particularly im getting .them off ·the· backs.·of our- tax • '!- EATON, of the· Committee· on Foreign portant, .I. think; that _consideration be payers. Again I reiterate that this - can~ Affairs or' the House. ~ . given· to sueh valiant· allies and sturdy not· be· done without full and-substantial There ~ is some danger, .however, ·that friends as the people of --the new but al production of coal from -- the Rui:ir ·ciis a few Members·of.Congres9 may attempt ready great Philippine-Republic. t:dct. This district, by the -way, has the to cripple the .effectiveness of . the in~ · · Mr . . KELL~. Mr.· Chairman: I as~ largest coal area and.the richest COfl,l in terim.,.aid program through amendments 'unanimous consent to extend my re Europe. The ·only way such full pro~ offered .iri- the name but not . the . sub':' marks at-this :POint -in· ·the RECORD. . duction· can ·.be· accomplished is by turn- stance of economy. We cannot compro ·The . CHAIRMAN.·· Is 'there objection '· ihg ov·er the operation of the.Ruhr mines ~ise - on need . . We canpot ask ano.tner to the request of the gentleman from to Amel'ican management. · Send to the generation ·of Americans and.EUr.opeans Pennsylvania?· · · · · :Ruhr district the most ~ competent-engi• to pay for.our defi'ciency with their- blood ~ · There was no objection. . neers; technicians, and .administrators . The Secretary of State, for ·reasoris of . Mr.' KELLEY. M·r; Chairman, there possible to obtain in· this country. · I -ani diplomacy, could 'not ve:ry well single out . can· be-no -recovery :or reconstruction in sure it can be done. I believe some of Soviet· Russia and its expansionist pol.., western Europe without the reconstru-c · our large coal .companies would be will icy, as the force which fosters and thrives tion of the mines fn ·the· Ruhr district; ing to-lend ·to .the Government the nee.:. on the economic collapse of other' na:. providing for 'full production of coal with essary personnel. At. the present time tions, but we know this to be the central the -nece-ssary-facilities for transporting· there is no competent -personnel with the fact. . __ .. . the coal to the consumer. We must have United' States military- government in Those Members . ·of Congress who coal or nothing;-· ·-- Germany. to a:id .in the Rnhr recovery. toured Eurqpe thi~ _past : summer and . -This definite conclusion-was-arrived at Vlhile some .people may cheer because early fall, in order to sun~ ey the situa-, after an intensive study of the conditions production has gone up somewhat. in re tion .. ~ are almost unanimous . in their. in western Europe this summer. ~ After cent months, ·it is far from adequate and . Qpinion that· interim aid is imperative! completion-of-my mi-ssion at.the Interna it will· not ... -r.each the ..nec ·essary -propor• ppon what. we. do·· now hing~s . th~ fa_,te tional Labor Conference in Geneva, I took tions -for. basic recovery until- we "estab of Europe. D~Ja_,y or. short-sighted econ-. the-Gpportunity·of ~visiting Austria, Ger lish. a · different policy. - , omy w.m wre.ck. th~ · program .of long-. many, France, Italy, and England. - I . Coal· is basic -to. the ,prosperitY- of ~ any. range recovery. - . . shall . not dwell .upon-the -state of- the country or ·area, and-·1t is .fundamental . ~he Communists .knoy.r this. _They al_'e · people in. the ~ countries -which -! -visited; that that :fact should be-considered here. hopeful that, on.the eve of a Presid~ntial . except. t.o sa.y that. misery, ruin, -and · We. have ·overlooked this, and it ·is time election year, some of our-Members may. malnut:r:ition are prevalent to a degree now, although late, for us .to recognize be inclined to play politics with· this which cannot be appreciated .. unless the necessity of doing·something about· it life-or-death measure. I feel certain witnessed. My purpose here is ·to immediately. The British have · not that the Communists are going to . be direct attention to the .fact that the vital made a success . of the Ruhr operations, disappointed. The-Members of Congress point of recovery in Europe -lies in -the Quite . the contrary, for . I think their have acquired a world-conquering march reconstruction of the mines in-the Ruhr policy, has .retarded recovery from the of fascism, we shall match the movement district, which, for some reason, has-not very beginning. It should be plain, even of any other aggressor by countermove-. been accomplished up to this time. to a layman, that the British, who have ment in order to head off war. We, in There is a strong indication that our ad been unsuccessful in operating their own concert with other peace-loving nations,, ministrators in western Germany may mines, could not succeed in the Ruhr. will act before l.t is too late. · • bear a heavy responsibility for this There are several reasons for this, one This we shall do through the medium failure. of which is .that they permitted the of the interim-aid bill, as a first and Western Germany is the key to there miners in the Ruhr to believe that social essential step. By constructive methods, covery of western Europe. I was d·eeply ization of-the mines was imminent. Be helping others to help themselves, we imnressed with the dormant condition sides, while the miners in the Ruhr dis shall halt those who wish to destroy. of all industry in western Germany. The trice are organized, they were not prop With food and fuel and clothing we condition of the Ruhr coal fields is ap erly managed. shall help men to preserve their free pallin~. and after 2 years we have made I do not think that we should be easily dom, and give them. strength and hope little headway. There is now in opera persuaded by the antagonism of the to pick up the instruments of peace for tion a joint arrangement between the French to the de.velopment of the Ruhr their own progress and·that of the world. United States and Great Britain for con area, for with the reconstruction of the In this way we shall confound the Com-· trol of the coal mines in the Ruhr. Be~ mines, there would naturally follow the munists, the Fascists, and any other fore the war coal production was around reconstruction of the steel industry, pro totalitarian forces who would ruin that 700,000 tons a day. In .the past summer yiding the material necessary fo.r the they might rule. · it was . around· 220,000 tons a: day, and rebuilding of the railroad ::;ystems~ river CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 11163 facilities, and for construction of homes have gathered, he should be able to sub being something other than what it is. and business places. The fear of the mit very important information and If it is not an investment in national French, and some other people, is that advice with respect to the problem con security-then it is a snare and a delu Germany would proceed immediately fronting us today. The problem we are sion-a continuation of the insane poli with another war machine and the man discussing is an extremely se~·ious one, cies that have already brought us to the ufacture of the implements of war, but and that is whether or not this country brink of ruin. that is a weak argument. Careful super is going to spend some $590,000,000 for The bill is an integral part of the Mar vision by western allies would prevent certain countries of Europe as provided shall plan-the first step taken in carry that. in the legislation that is before us this ing out the long-range program which My recommendation that the United afternoon. The bill has been before this the plan contemplates, and accepted as States assume the responsibility for the House since early last week. such it can be defended. reconstruction of the Ruhr district I was very much disappointed to see To the development of Russian power seemed to me so sound and so vital that the distinguished gentleman from North now being used to dominate the world I carried it to the President on my return Carolina use the time allotted to him, in and to enslave all mankind, our country from abroad. He listened intently and cluding the extra 5 minutes, discussing has been the chief contributor. In con without objection, and he gave me en.:. the candidacy of a man whom he says ferences of the leaders of the Great Pow ~ouraging impression that he felt as I may be a Republican candidate next year. ers we lost not only that which we had do about it. I realize there are compli The candidacy of this gentleman does the right to claim, but gave away much of cations in such a step, for the Ruhr lies not affect the gentleman from North that which we already had. We yielded in the British zone of occupation, and Carolina at all; yet, he took all of his to Russia at every point. We danced, the British feel it is their responsibility. time to discuss some feature article that and helped compel the rest of the world However, I have the feeling that the Brit appeared in a magazine that does not to dance, to the tune that Stalin called. ish would be glad to relinquish their suggest it has anything to do with the We now stand in a fair way of losing claims to responsibility in this matter in problem at hand. He spent his time everything that has not already been order to direct full attention to their own describing a big dinner given in New given away. situation. . York. Perhaps there should have been The terrible plight in which the world One might put forth the argument no party. I do not know. But that is finds itself has, in the main, been due that coal cannot be produced 'Sufficiently beside the question. No wonder people to the aggressive prosecution of the con in the Ruhr until the miners are ade say that the Congress is confused when spiracy, constructive and otherwise. quately fed and housed. This is true to a man of his ability and his understand found in the ranks of the so-called in an extent, but one must bear in mind ing of world affairs will use his time in telligentsia everyWhere to impose a moQ. that recovery in the coal industry means that manner. As I stated, I am ex ified form of Marxism upon the world. an accompanying recovery in agricul tremely disappointed that the gentleman Reform has been the standing order of ture. For instance, fertilizer could be would do that sort of thing. Why has the day. It is the order of the present obtained from the by-product coke he not, up to this time, taken some time hour. We have, to our sorrow, been sub plants in the Ruhr, which also should to discuss the important question that jected to much of it. be expanded. I am satisfied that it is before us? After a Member has Mr. Chairman, if this bill is not anti would not tal{e very long for us, with our traveled abroad as much as the gentle Communist, i~ it is not anti-Russian, and own personnel, to do a complete and man from North Carolina [Mr." CooLEY] if it does not ha-ve that meaning to the thorough job in this area, and I do not has done, visiting the countries of the rest of the world not already stuffed into see why we should hesitate to move in world and since this legislation concerns the greedy maw of Russia, then it is sui that direction. An adequate production European countries, we should have had cidal and had better be thrown into the of coal in this area would be of great as before now, the benefit of his first-hand discard. Treated as a defensive measure sistance not only to Germany but to Italy, information and knowledge. Let him to the war that Russia is waging against France, and Austria, because these are tell us about his experience, understand us, I give the bill my support. natural markets for the Ruhr coal. In ing, and knowledge of this very impor .Let the peoples we help be made to addition, it would. relieve us of shipping tant oroblem instead of using the time know that we do not want a foot of their coal to these countries at a price of $24 of th-e House in the way he did this soil nor a single trade advantage. That a ton delivered. We are now in the afternoon. . . all we seek is peace and security for our midst of providing stop-gap relief for Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will selves-peace and security for the world. these countries, and it seems so unneces the gentleman yield? That we regard communism as a con sary to me that coal should be included Mr. REES. I yield to the distinguished spiracy against liberty and freedom, and, in that relief. Of course it must be now, majority floor leader, the gentleman from therefore, we fight communism and the because production cannot be brought up Indiana. defenders of communism both here at within a few days; but had it been prop Mr. HALLECK. Of course, without home and abroad. erly handled in the beginning it would regard to anything that has been said Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will not be necessary to ship coal to Europe. about action on this measure, the truth the gentleman yield? The Marshall plan should, therefore, is that the majority of this House has Mr. COX. I yield to the gentleman encompass and make most clear the ne seen to it that the matter is moving ex from Minnesota. cessity for the reconstruction of the Ruhr peditiously but with the care and con Mr. KNUTSON. According to Senator mines and factories, an objective which I sideration that should be given a prob BYRD we have given away in one form or am convinced is of first importance. In lem of this importance. I wonder if the another since the end of the war $24,- fact, I feel that the success of the Mar gentleman will not agree with me that 000,000,000; is that true? shall plan is in jeopardy unless full pro some of the speeches on the Democratic Mr. COX. Oh, we have given away duction in the Ruhr is accomplished. side of the aisle that have been made . billions and billions :3,nd billions. Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I move to today would indicate that something al Mr. KNUTSON. We gave nearly $3,- ·strike out the last three words. most in the nature of a filibuster is being 000,000,000 to UNRRA, and what did we Mr. Chairman, I am very much sur carried on in connection with the expe accomplish through UNRRA? prised and disappointed with respect to ditious consideration and action on this Mr. COX. Well, UNRRA, I do not the address delivered by the distinguished measure? think, was a success. gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. Mr. REES. I do not see how the Mr. KNUTSON. All right. Let us go CooLEY] a few minutes ago. He is, as speech to which I have just referred a step further. What did we accomplish I understand it, one of the world could in any way expedite or add to the through the British loan? Even the travelers, one of the Members of the discussion of the problem presently be English say it was a mistake? House who has traveled with various fore us. I shall not use the remainder Mr. COX. Well, I thin!{ too much of committees in Europe not once but two of the 5 minutes allotted me. the British loan was used to sustain the or three different trips he has made to Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I move to government in power and·too little used Europe. He has also traveled in the strike out the last four words. for the reconstruction of her war Pacific. He is a man of wide knowledge Mr. Chairman, there can be no sense wrecked economy. But let me say to my of world problems. With all of these in treating this proposal for interim aid friend, we are trying to save western travels and all the information he should to France, Italy, Austria, and China as Europe. If we lose western Europe we 11164: CONGRESSIONAL R·ECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER-- 8 might just as well make ready to take on France will begin on December 1, but the The question was taken; and the Chair t:tie yol{e that Stalin will impose. program for Italy will not begin until being in doubt, the Committee divided-; The CHAIRMAN. The time of the January 1. Is that correct? and there were-ayes 129, noes 3. gentleman from Georgia h~. s expired. Mr. VORYS. The gentleman is cor So the amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: rect as to France. I understood that the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. SEc. 3. The President, acting through such procurement for Italy would have to ChsJrman, I offer an amendment. departments, agencies, or independent es start before January 1. The Clerk read as follows: t ablishments of the Government as he shall M1·. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. That Amendment offered by Mr. CASE of South direct, may, by allocation of funds to any is not the interpretation I have been Dakota: such departments, agencies, or independent given not only by the State Department On page 2, lines 3 . and 6, after the word establishments, · or by establishing in this but by . the Department of Agric-ulture. "such", insert "exist ing." country credit s subject to the control of And in lines 7, 8, ~nd 9, stri).te out "or by t he President, available to the government There will be no need in Italy until after 1. establishing in this country credits subject of a recipient country, whenever he finds January In fact, the report of the to t he control of the President, available to it in furtherance of the purposes of this committee states that the program for the government of a recipient country." act and u pon the terms and conditions set Italy will begin January 1. forth in this act- Mr. VORYS. The amendment merely Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. (a ) Procure, or allocate funds or estab refers to supplies, "required in a recipi Chairman, there are two parts to this lish credits for the procurement of, from ent country on or after December 1st." amendment which I believe will com any sou rce- As the gentleman w.::; ll knows, this is a mend itself to the sober consideration (1) Food, medical supplies, processed and of unprocessed materials for clothing, fuel, fer matter of no great importance except in the Chamber. t ilizer, pesticides, and seed; and this respect: It is important to keep the ln line 3 and line 6, on page 2, before (2) Incentive goods, consisting of com pipe lines filled and moving; and not the words "departments, agencies, or in modities not in short supply in the United have these courttries expend their avail dependent establishments," the amend States, including Government-owned stocks, able dollars for things we are going to ment would insert the word ''existing." to be used, dist ributed, or sold in a recipient send them, and thus cripple themselves I offer the amendment at that point to country; under a specific agreement previ later for carrying on their general econ make clear that the authorization cre ously entered into pursuant to section 5 (g), ated by this ·act does not authorize the to increase the production or dist ribut ion omy. That is the purpose of this amend of· locally produced commodities referred to ment. President to create new departments, in paragraph (1) of this subsection (a); ·Mr. AUGUST H: Al~DRESEN. Is it agencies, or indep.endent establishments .(b) Tn:.nsport and store, or allocate funds the understanding that the program for of the Government. I am sure that was or. establish credits for transportation and Italy is to be moved up to December 1? within the intent of the committee. storage of, such commodit ies; Mr. VORYS. No, it is not. .The second part of the . amendment (c) Transfer such commodities to any re The estimated payments by ·France pr-oposes to strike out the words which cipient count ry; appear in lines 7, 8, and 9, which read: (d) Incur a,nd defray expenses, including during the first 20 days of December in- administrat ive expenses and exnenses for . elude $20,210,000 the week of December "or by establishing in this country credits compensation and- travel of personnel, for 1 to 7, $18,490 ,000 the week of December subject to the control of the President, carrying out the purposes . of this act. 8 to 14, and $20,067,000 the week of available to the government of a recipient country." Mr. VORYS. Mr. C}lairinan, I offer December 15 to 21. Those payments will hav.e to come out In that connection I want to point out a committee amendment. that what this bill does, if those words The Clerk read as follows: of the estimated $228,000,000 which the French were exnected to finance out of remain in the bill, is to authorize the Committee amendment offered by Mr. their own resources for other than re creation of a fund of $590,000,000, which VoaYs: · wHI be available for the President to On page 2, line 16 •. after "seed", · insert lief supplies. This merely permits the "required in a recipient country on or after program to be carried on as it was pre expend under such credits as he may December 1, 1947." sented. establish and make available to a recipi On page 2, line 17, after "goods", t.nsert Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Who e,nt country without any requirement ••required in a recipient country on or after gets the money? Does the United States whatsoever as to accounting procedure December 1, 1947." or expenditures in line with established get the money? procurement procedure. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, this Mr. VORYS. Yes, it merely makes it amendment simply provides that the available. As the gentleman knows, this We never did that in the war. Never interim.:.aid program, if enacted, will during the war did we create a kitty of bill is prepared so that no foreign coun $590,000,000 for the President to expend p!oceed from December 1, 1947, as was try gets any money. They merely get on his own whim. Never during the war contemplated when we were called into credits subject to the control of the Pres did we say he could be the sole judge of extra session. If it is not adopted, ident, or they get an allocation of sup what countries should get his money in France, for instance, w ~ll be forced to plies. · t hat amount. Never did we give him spend from her availabilities for other Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. There such power to place orders with such ·purposes the sum of over $58,000,000 in are many provisions in the bill which are comnanies as he desired. the first 21 days of Decembe1; for relief very confusing to me, and I have tried On page 9 of the bill there is a pro supplies, so that she will be unable to to. give it very careful study. vision that the funds authorized under cai·ry on the rest of her economy as 'the Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Chair this act, when allocated to any depart whole plan contemplated. This amend man, will the gentleman yield? ment, agency, or independent establish ment will merely have the bill carry out Mr. VORYS. I yield. ment of the Government, shall be avail the purposes for which we were called Mr. COLE of New York. May I inquire able for obligation and expenditures in back into session and have the timing of the gentleman whether in his opinion, accordance with the laws governing ob agree with the program which has been he being one of the authors of the bill ligations and expenditures of such de Pt:esented to us. The amendment was and one who has given a great deal of partment, agency, or independent estab adopted unanimously by our committee thought and study to it, whether the au lishment or organizational unit. That is, after it was -called to our attention. thority contained in section 3 can pos if the President should expend this Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. sibly be construed as authorizing the money through an existing agency of the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? . transfer to any recipient country of any Government, then the money would be Mr. VORYS. I yield to the gentleman :fissionable products which this country subject to the usual accounting practices from Minnesota. has? and laws governing that agency or estab Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I un Mr. VORYS. No, I think it very clearly lishment. But if he sees fit to establish derstand the gentleman states. that this cannot be so construed. That was gone credits for a foreign country, they ex amendment is necessary, fixing the date into in the other body. pressly are made subject to his control as of -December 1, to t9,ke care of the The CHAIRMAN. Th~ question is on alone, and there is no provision for fol needs. of_ recipient countries. If I am the committee amendment offered by the lowing the ordinary requirements in correctly info.rmed, the program for gentleman from Ohio [Mr. VORYS]. Government procurement, or the princi- 1947 CONrGRESSIO.NAL·-. R"E!GORD-HOUSE 11165 ples of the Budget and A:eootinting Act cies, 1:>r independent establishments.. -or NobGdy· can· know ·what the effect of or the audit regulations .of the General . by making fumds .ava!ilable to the wov eliminati-ng this paragraph might be on Accounting Office, or al'lylibing .of that e:rnD!len.t of a recil)ien.t country~ We tl1e ultimate expense l(!)f · this p:rogram. sort. felt that ·OUr dollars shol!lld not be p"Urt I am offerimg the -amendment, however, If those wor.ds remain in the biU, ynu . im:to the hands of -any foreign pow.er to f1:>r a much more important rea'Son. I will have .created .a imtty of $5.90,000.000, spend as it wished, her.e or elsewhere. think tha-t 'it is neeessary in order t-o Which is greater than any cash kitty that So we pr-ovided that the Presiden.t can keep f:atith w_tl\ the American people. was ever -put at the disposal of -a. Presi not allocate funds \but can cestablish Only a few moments ago the distin dent, without any control over it what credits in this country which will be guished gentleman from Ohio, who is soever. That violates the spirit of the available to the recipient country but in charge of this bill teferred to "reUef Budget and Accounting Act. It violates subject to the President's control. 'That su~1ies.'' The admini-stration and tne spirit oi the C.or:p.o.ratiqn Control Act, is exactly the way the law reads now. others have been seiling this bill from and it -violates the principles and prece Mr.. CASE of Smith Dakota. I know, M8.ine ito California for these many dents of the .House as Jar as making but there is no obligation to aceept the weeks as a relief bill to save the starving funds available to the executive branch version of the other body. Certainly the an:d 1\V-:ai'm. the cold. Now, in paragraph are concerned. langua:ge pointed out by the gentleman 1 of that section provision is made for Therefore, I urge that you vote for the from 'Ohio does not counteract the exact the .acquisition fur foreign. relief of all amendment and put in the word "exist language of the bill that the President of the necessary relief goods. Listen t-o ing" at the ·place indi-cated~ and then ma:y do this ·by :Setting lilP such credits for this paragraph, gentlemen: strike out the language which would en a recipient country as he wants. {l) Food. medical supplies, processed and able the President to ignore ·the present Mr. VORYS. Not as he wants. unprocessed materials for clothing, fuel, fer laws regarding obligations :and expemii- Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Section tm.zer, pesticides, :ana ·seed. tures. · 1:0, cited by the gentleman, states th-at he ·ma-y delegat.e to an existing agency What I -move to strike out is an omni Mr. OWENS. Mr.·Chairman, will the bus clause that would ilermit the admin gentleman yield? any of the powers ~r authority conferred istration to buy any known thing under Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. en .him. lt does ·not say he shall; it Mr. OWENS. :¥loa w&nt us ·to vote does :n·ot require :h:i:In ta. use an .existing the sun and the moon. .and the stars~ separately first .on the word "existing" agency. The language of the bill as now under the euphonious and exotic term and then the other later? written certainly does permit the Presi "incentive goads~" Mr. CASE of South Dak-ota. If the dent to set up ·foreign eredits and control If the bill passes in this form the ad gel'ltleman wants to iask for a -division of fit. mimistr.ation .or its agents who carry out them as he sees this pr.ogTam, will be able to buy a shiny the amendment, -of course he can do that. Mr~ VORYS~ I might p.oint out to the There a!"e t:wo propositions. I offered gentleman that on the bottom of page 7 new automobile fnr that friend of the them together because I thmaght they ef the bill occurs this language: "re adna.inistration in some f.oreign country; tied together. sponsibiiity for administering in the re he will be able to buy toastmasters and The CHAIRMAN. The time of the' cipient countries the program of assist mixmasters, a.nd all kinds and every gentleman from .South Dakota [Mr. ance prov.ided for in thlis act shall be kind of goods. Now, ycu do not eat CASE] has ex.pired. vested in the field administrator of the automobiles, you do not put them on your Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in United States f-oreign-relief progr91m.'' · back to keep warm. You do not need QPpostion to the amendment. this paragraph in a relief bill, and I say Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That may in fairness to the American people and If the committee win turn to section be, but it does nothing about the lan 10 on page 7, the committee will find to conf.o.rm with the pr-opaganda and the guage which reads "by establishing in assertiQns ..of ,the administration in sup that the bill provides, as is contemplated this country credits subject to the con~ pQr.t of this bill, that this provision by the report and the hearings, that this trol ef the President, available to the. shall be administered ent-irely by existing should .be stricken out. The bill would gover.nment Df a recipient cm.mtry/' then continue to be, as far .as this para agencies until such time .as .the .Congress .He, under this language, could make shall bring up some new ·agency. The graph is concerned at ileast, a relief bill the credits available in this .country and in .a proper sense. bill provides that the existilag .agencies the administrator over there would not shall administer this bill. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, I move even touch it until after the recipient . to strike out the last word. On the matter of str~king out the country had spent the credits. words providing for the establishment of Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to The -CHAIRMAN. The time of the this .amendment and in favor of the pro credits subject to the -control ·of -the Presi gentleman fr-om Ohio has expired. dent, precisely the .same administration vision contained in the bill as written The questiom is on the amendment by the Committee on. F.oreign Affairs. is use 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 11167 can the eommodities in short supply here will produce the wheat over there, I Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, will in America, In France and Italy, there would send the radios, in order to keep the gentleman yield? are farmers who are not willing to sell our wheat here. We are short on wheat. Mr. JUDD. I yield. their grain for the only thing they can If we are long on radios, ·and sending the Mr. BUFFETT. Whether this bill is usually get for it,. depreciated currency. radios will release the wheat over there, for the purpose of buying these radios, They are hoarding it in their basements certainly we should send the radios. or buying this wheat does not the bill . or under the floor, or more frequently Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Would itself represent the forcible seizure of the . are hoarding it in too numerous or too it not be better to do something to re savings of the American people if they fat hogs and cattle, because they do not quire the stabilization of the currency in do not voluntarily care to give? want to sell their grain for paper francs both France and Italy, so that the farm Mr. JUDD. Whoever intends to vote and lira, which won't buy much now and ers wou:ld have confidence in their cur against the bill should vote against this which they fear will go down even fur- .rency and bring in their wheat? provision because the whole bill. could " ther. Mr. JUDD. That would be wonder conceivably come under the gentleman's But they will sell it for commodities ful but just how do you require stabiliza definition. Every time the gentleman they need or want. They will bring out tion?. When the governments of France votes for a tax · bill he votes to take their wheat and exchange it for some or Italy has to pay its bills and the taxes money away from the American people thing the family wants. are not adequate, the only way it can against the will of many of them.· If I When we have something in long sup get it is by running the printing presses. go down the street, meet your wife, seize ply here, like tobacco, we could use this They cannot stabilize until they have her purse and take money out of it they money to buy and send· tobacco for sale help in increasing the supply of com can put me in jail; but if I vote to pass to farmers over there, thereby bringing modities to be bought. It is not a case a tax bill which takes the same money into circulation thousands of bushels of of stabilize first and then we will help. out· of her purse, they do not send me to wheat. Then we would not have to send We have to help in order for them to be jail. All taxes, in a sense, are legalized so much of our wheat, and increase the able to stabilize. What is the use in seizure. price of flour for the consumers in your letting the patient die before you ad Mr, BUFFETT. But there are .legiti home town. Inasmuch as we are going minister remedial treatment? I ap mate costs of government. They should to spend a certain amount of money any prove this provision, not because I don't be met. Does not the gentleman recog way, is it not wise to spend as much as want stabilization, but precisely because nize that there is a limit to Government feasible of it for commodities that we I do want it. spending beyond this field? have plenty\of, if sending such commodi Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. JUDD. Yes; and national de ties over there will liberate such essential gentleman yield? fense comes high in the list of legitimate foodstuffs as they have and are holding Mr. JUDD. I yield. 1 costs. If the Government of the United back, which are in short supply here? · Mr. OWENS. Is it not rather childish States and the people of the United The gentleman from New York spoke for us to say we have to send tobacco States think it is in our own national about the possibility of sending automo- and pots and pans and textiles over to' interests to help free peoples stay free . biles. If he will look in .line 18, it speci.:. the people of Europe to have them give against the awful onslaught that is be fies, "Commodities not in short supply in the grain and other. foods, that they ing made against them, and if we are the United States." · Automobiles are in have in abundance, to their own folks going to mobilize our own resources for short supply in the United States. Ob .. who are supposed to be needing it there? that purpose, I want to mobilize them viously, they could not be sent over. The Mr. JUDD. Well, you know that hu in the most intelligent and effective ~ay authority applies only,to those commodi man nature is the same in Europe as it we can, in order to get the maximum ties where our production has caught up is here. The only way governments can benefit for our own security; and I want with our domestic demand or there is get these supplies is either by providing to see it done with the least dislocation already a surplus on hand here. To incentives, under the kind of system that of our own economy. That means using spend some of the money for the type of you and I want, the system based on as little as we can of the commodities in commodity for which the farmers of re individual freedom, or by exercising com short supply. cipient countries are willing to trade pulsion, that is, go out and seize them. · Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the their grain or hogs or their cattle or If we want to . force ·those governments butter, when they will not sell their com gentleman yield? into becoming police states, then we Mr. JUDD. I yield to my friend and modities for a currency that is depre would need only to follow your advice. ciated and that they do not have any colleague. I do not want to force them into police · Mr. O'HARA. I would like for the gen confidence in, in one sense bolsters their . states. With· appeals to patriotism and . economy and theb· currency. Secondly, tleman to speak about goods in sh::>rt humanitarian motives, a great deal supply and the provision of the bill deal it releases the goods they have hoarded comes in, but there are still people in so that it can get from the farms into ing with them. Who decides what goods every country who will not turn over are in short supply? the cities where the hungry people are; their hard goods for currency in .which but, above all, it protects· our own price Mr. JUDD. Since we adopted the Case they have little or no confidence. amendment the section reads: levels in this country by not exporting a The CHAffiMAN. The time of the single unnecessary bushel of our own The President acting through such existing gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. Junnl departments, agencies, or independent estab commodities in short supply, has expired. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. lishments of the Government as he shall Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I ask direct, may, by allocation of funds to any Ph airman, will the gentleman yield? unanimous consent that the gentleman's such departments; agencies, or independent Mr. JUDD. I yield to my friend from time be extended five additional mim:tes. establishments- Minnesota. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will the The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection , And so forth. They woUld have control gentleman name some of the incentive to the request of the gentleman from of purchase for export, and determine items that are in abundant supply in this Minnesota [Mr. KNUTSON]? what goods are in short supply. I am country, excepting tobacco? There was no objection. sure the gentleman will agree that the . Mr. JUDD. There are not very many. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will Department of Agriculture is not going So the program will not be extensive. But the gentleman yield? to buy and export any more wheat or wherever there is a commodity in abun Mr. JUDD. I yield, of course, to my other things in short supply in this coun . dant supply and which they want, why colleague from Minnesota. try than it can help . not use it? Mr. KNUTSON. I wonder if my good Mr. O'HARA. Does the gentleman Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Well, friend, who is an eminent doctor, will tell know how many thousands of short sup radios are in abundant supply. Wou:ld the House just how many calories there ply articles there are in this country being you say we should tax the American peo are in a small portable radio. purchased and exported by the Govern ple to buy radios to send to France and Mr. JUDD. There are no calories in ment now under its aid. program and un ltaly? a small portable radio, but if a small der individual export program? Mr. JUDD. If the cost in taxes to the portable radio produces 50 bushels or Mr. JUDD. Yes, and this provision American people is the same whether we even 50 pounds of wheat, that is a lot for incentive goods is set up precisely to send wheat or ~adios. and ~f the ;radios qf calories. restrict the export _of articles in short 11168 CONGRESSIONA·li· RECORD-· HOUSE DECEMBER 8 supply, to -correct the -thing the gentle every hog; every cow, every chi-cken, every in· opposition to this· provision in the man is complaining about. egg, every-poun-d of butter that .we can committee~s Tecommerrd:atiorr. · · Mr. O'HARA. Mr.· Chairman, will the and.get ~themJnto the general food supply Mr.'· RICH. Mr. Chairman,. -will the gentleman yield.. further? of the country. By equalizing the dis gentleman yield? _ Mr. JUDD. I yield. tribution, . we can reduce the needs for Mr. COOLEY· I yield ·to the gentle-· Mr. O'HARA. We have had a short our food supplies. man from Pennsylvapia. • supply control program in the hands of The CHAIRMAN. ·The time of the Mr. RICH:· The gentleman's commit- the President. Why has it not been con gentleman from Minnesota ·has .- again . tee did not submit nne report; it sub.: trolled so far? expired. mitted eight reports. Mr . . JUDD . . This subsection states Mr. KNUTSON . . Mr. Chairman, 1. ask .. · Mr. COOLEY. That is true: The com..: even more specifically the intent of Con 'unanimoas consent that the· gentleman · · mittee did a very complete job. It prob gress that he should .reduce the drain on trom Minneseta ma-y. pr.oceed-for five ad- ably 'will submit additiona-l ·reports· as ' goods in short supply, and provides a ditional minutes. .. . . time goes orr. means for that. end. . ·. The CHAIRMAN. , Is .there objection . - M:r: -AUGUST ·H:. A"NDRESEN. Mr. l\.1r. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the 'to the request of the gentleman from Chairman, will the ge-ntleman yield? Minnesota? · gentleman yield? · Mr. GOOLEY.. I yield to the gentle- Mr. JUDD. I yield. Mr. VORYS~ Mr. Chairman, I. object. Mr. COOLEY. · Mr. Chairman, I .rise.in man from Minnesota. . Mr: VORYS. The 'Qill passed by the , Mr. AUGUST ·H . . ANDRESEN. .The other body contains the words at this opposition to the amendment. Mr. COUDERT'. . Mr. Chairman, will gentleman knows that our co~mittee point "and other cemmodities," taking in never had any nieeting on the subject. almost everything. the gentleman yield? . Mr: COOLEY. I yield to the . gentle A memorandum was ·sent ru:ound. I do Mr. JUDD. Yes; that is right. not know whether the gentleman ever Mr. VORYS. The amendment pro man from New York. .Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, .in saw it or not . posed ·by the gentleman from New York Mr. COOLEY. I am ,perfectly willing leaves in the words "incentive goods" drafting my amendment on this beauti'"' but strikes out all of the limiting lan ful little white sheet of paper-the to agree that the ge_ntleman does not guage which the -committee had provided, sponsor of the bill is quite correct-! 'did favor this part of the report, but-! heard and therefore leaves it as wide as pro not accurately state what was in my no other member of the Herter commit..:, posed in the other body. It was the pur mind. I did leave in ·a couple of words tee object to it. pose of our committee not only to provide ! meant to take out of the bill. I there Mr . .AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Does incentive goods but to say what we meant fore ask unanimous consent that the the gentleman agree that there was only by it and to show that they must not be form of my amendment be altered to a memorandum sent around? in short supply in this country. conform with my purpose which is to Mr. COOLEY: Yes. . , Mr. JUDD. Yes; our purpose was not strike out the entire paragraph relat~ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Did the to expand but to limit the power of agen ing to incentive goods. gentleman see the memorandum? cies to buy and export commodities in The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk' will re Mr. COOLEY. Yes; I agree with it short supply. · port £he amendment as now proposed. 100 percent and I am giving it the ben Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will The Clerk read as follows: efit of my full support. I went before the gentleman yield? Amendment offered by Mr. COUDERT: On the Foreign Affairs Committee and a:::ked Mr. JUDD. I yield. page 2, line 17, through line 24, inclusiye, the Foreign Affairs Committee to ap Mr. DONDERO. · It is just a little bit strike out all of lines 17 through 24. prove this very provision in the bill. discouraging to me while we are consid The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Now, I would like to read what the Her ering this bill to know that· in France to to the request of the gentleman from ter committee said. · day there are 2,000,000 men walking the New York? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will streets on sfrike, which is costing France There was no objection. the gentleman also read the memo-· some $40,000,000. a ·day. They have been Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask randa that was attached to it correcting on strike 20 days; that is $800,000,000; unanimous consent to proceed for two the error that had· been made? · while we are ·considering a bill of less additional minutes. · · Mr. COOLEY. I read everything that than $100.000,900. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection is material to the provision. · Mr. JUDD. Of course -it is discourag to the request of the gentlema:tl from ing, but that is in my judgment an urgent North Carolina? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I know reason why we should pass this bill. There was no objection. the gentleman is interested in being fair. There are also in France some 36,000,000 Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I was a Mr. COOLEY. · Here is what the other people fighting against the efforts member of the Herter committee, the Herter committee, headed by the gentle of the 2,000,000. We have got to up members of which were appointed by man from New Jersey [Mr. EATON] had hold and strengthen the hands of the 36,- the Speaker of the House. The commit.; to say after they had visited.. all parts 000,000. The worse the situation is, the tee was composed of 19 men. It was of Europe, and certainly over Italy and more help they need, and the more we never my opportunity or pleasure .to France and Aust.ria: need to give, if we can. The worse the work with more sincere men than the· . It is the committee's view that the cor disease the more drastic, usually, the members of this committee. , The com poration should also. be permitted to use a remedy. mittee was .made up of Democrats and small, specified portion, of its authori.zect cap ital to provide incentive goods, other than Mrs. DOUGLAS. Mr. Chairman, will Republicans, but, above all, the commit.., · food, fuel, and fertilizer to certain countries the gentleman yield? tee was composed of Americans and they which are not in a position immediately to Mr. JUDD. I yield. went to Europe for a serious purpose. finance the purchase of such commodities Mrs. DOUGLAS. The gentleman did After a careful survey of the situation either commercially or through the Export not mean to leave the impression that in the European countries, and after we Import Bank or the International Bank for there is enough grain in Europe at the had visited many of the countries of Eu Reconstruction and Development. One of moment? rope, I, personally, having visited 12 the chief impediments to increasing Euro pean production of vitally needed commodi Mr. JUDD. No, indeed. countries, and ·having conferred with the ties is the lack of consumers' goods which Mrs. DOUGLAS. If we could get every high officials of all of the · foreign gov can serve as incentives to labor to work ounce of grain there by sending enough ernments we visited and with our own harder on the job and reduce absenteeism incentive goods to France, there still officials, .including our military and civil~ and to farmers to raise more food and de~ would not be grain enough to feed them ian personnel, in the places we visited, liver more of their produce to market. The selves. What the gentleman meant to we came back and submitted to this body extent to which European production of food say was that we hope by this amendment as your own special committee a report. and fuel can be increased by providing at to scrape the bottom and get every last reasonable prices incentive commodities, I did not know until a moment ago that such ac; tobacco and cigarettes, shoes, bushel of grain off the fa-rms into the the report was not in all respects unani clothing, and other consumers' goods to min markets. mous. I find now that of the 19 men, 1 ers, key factory workers, and farmers in Mr. JUDD. Of course there will not be objected to one part of the report. I re selected food-producing regions is the extent enough for their needs. The object is to fer to the gentleman ·from Minnesota to which we can reduce the drain on our own bring out eve'i:·y single bushel of grain, [Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN], who is noW resources of food and fuel. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 11169 Now, not only did the Herter commit The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog Turkish bill we included $85,000,000 for· tee approve that unanimously except for nizes the gentleman from Massachusetts incentive goods. My objection to it at Mr. AuGUST H. ANDRESEN's objection, of [Mr. HERTER]. . that time was that it was a duplication, · which I was not advised, but your Com Mr. HERTER. Mr. Chairman, there the theory being that we had already mittee on Foreign Affairs-and I submit has been some controversy here as to provided the money which the Greek there is no finer committee on Capitol just what the Herter committee recom government would pay out in drachma Hill than the Committee on Foreign Af mended on this matter. I want to get for industrial and agricultural recon fairs-has included this provision in the it straightened out for the record. After struction, but there was nothing for the bill. we had had our last meeting here and Greek laborers to do with those drach Now, what would be the sense in hav the report was being printed, it was mas, so we gave them another $85,000,000 ing a select committee and sending them found that this particular item that is to make them work, by giving them con out on a mission of this kind and having being referred to now had been left out. sumers goods to buy for their drachmas that committee come back to the House It had not been discussed in the com when we might have given them the almost in unanimous accord and then mittee. I circularized a suggested rec $85 ,000,000 incentive goods in the first have the House defeat this very impor ommendation to the members of the place and saved half the money. tant provision? committee, who had at that point scat In the present situation there is no Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will tered, and all the members of the com wovision for the money; in other words, the gentleman yield? mittee approved of it with the exception the agency will have to use money it has Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle of the gentleman from Minnesota, who received for instance for wheat, and it man from Arizona. had every right to object to it. As a will have to be certain that it can pry Mr. MURDOCK. Do I understand result of that, there being a misprint in loose more indigenous wheat with the that by voting down the amendment be the report itself, an erratum was at incentive money that it uses, than what fore us and retaining the language in tached to every one of the reports that the American wheat would represent. the bill that these incentive goods will was sent out to the press or that had been This would of course ease up on our own be able to meet the emergency in Europe distributed calling attention to that fact. short supply. and save us from a drain of wheat and Therefore, both gentlemen were correct Something has been said here abou.t other vital products and thus stabilize in the statements they made. cigarettes. You could purchase an aw our own prices? I want to say just a word in regard to ful lot of wheat with a carton of cig Mr. COOLEY. I agree with the gen the merits of this amendment. The first arettes in parts of Europe if you could tleman's observation. time I ever heard of incentive goods being put this relief plan in the hands of a I would like to say this, as the gentle used to bring out production was from smart operator. But the point is that man from Minnesota, Dr. JuDD,. has so Mt. Lewis Brown, who is chairman of this is going to be handled by govern well pointed out, in some parts of Eu the Johns-Manville Co., and a very dis ments. You are going to hand this rope, certainly in Italy and in France, tinguished member of the Republican money over to the governments of France the workers are not given much incen Party. He urged to us before we even and Italy, and for just what purpose are tive to produce and put their products went to Europe that we study the ques they going to use it? Are they going to on the market. It is easy to stand here tion of incentive goods because, in his be able to pry loose any additional ma and say, "Why should we give incentives opinion, with the currency's loss of value terials? to . starving people? Well, the fact is in country after country, and the fact The situation here is similar to that of that the farmers of France are produc that the production of the countries had a man on a desert island with a barrel ing; they are working. All this talk been unable to produce the type of things of gold but nothing else. If you had a about the people of France sitting down that money could buy and which gave little stuff to offer him you could pry and folding their hands waiting for us a man an inducement to work, the ques loose a lot of that gold. to bring them food is a lot of bunk. tion of providing incentive goods would It does seem to me the proposal in the' They are working, and they can actually probably be the strongest inducement bill has merit provided it is diligently ap teach us something about agriculture, that could be brought out for increasing plied and that it is handled in a business even though they are going about it in production and for bringing from the like way, but if we are going to leave it the fashion of peasants. But the fact farmer the last measure of grain that to the governments it is questionable is when they . have produce ready for could be brought into the city. whether it will work out that way. For market what can they receive for it in Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. after all, what most of these bills do is exchange? Only a basketful of francs Chairman, will the gentleman yield? just provide additional revenue for the of doubtless value, and they cannot eat Mr. HERTER. I yield to the gentle governments we are helping. If it seeps francs. They cannot wear francs. They man from Minnesota. down to the people, all good and well, but cannot smoke francs, and if you could .Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I agree unless the governmen.ts let it seep down, make some incentive commodities availa with what Mr. Brown had to say, but · you are not going to help an individual ble, then when they went down into the he made his statement with respect to who is destitute and needs food in any· mines or out into the fields and they restoring coal production and the indus way whatsoever. wanted to go to town and make ·some tries of Germany rather than have that The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog purchases of incentive goods there, it is apply to France and Italy. nizes the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. only reasonable to suppose that they Mr. HERTER. That is quite true, but REES], would bring their produce to market. I he also made that apply to the industries Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, the can say this without reflecting too greatly of England. He spoke about the coal amendment is to strike the word "in on the French. I think that one of the production in England and the fact that centives" from the bill. greatest troubles of France today is that after a man had worked 3 days he was The reasoning for the use of incentives the Government since liberation has able to acquire only the rationed goods is difficult to understand. The bill states been timid and afraid to force measures that he was allowed, and thereafter his funds are to be allocated to furnish the to make the people aware of their prob money was no good, so he took long people of France, Italy, and Austria with lem and bring about a fair and equitable leaves of absence and thereby curtailed food, medical supplies, clothing, fuel, distribution of food. production. He even recommended that fertilizer and seed. Then it states The CHAIRMAN. The time of the special stores be set up in the coal regions further they are to be provided with gentleman from North Carolina has ex with incentive goods, including nylon incentive goods to increase production or pired. stockings, and so on, to increase distribution of locally produced com Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I ask production. modities. It is explained these goods unanimous consent that all debate on The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog may or may not be goods that will this amendment close in 20 minutes. nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. directly increase production, ·but par The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection JONKMAN]." ticularly to induce those who have ~up to the request of ·the gentleman from Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, this plies of their own to release them, bring Ohio? is not the first experience we have had them out of hoarding, to supply people There was, no objection. with incentive goods. In the Greco- of their own country. 11170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 8 This is, indeed, an odd situation. I report. Their production of wheat and been going the last 2 or 3 years ·you have the highest respect for the member- rye is 95 percent of the 1934 or 1938 pro would wreck anything. If you do not ship of this committee. That is the rea- duction. On barley arid oats it is .103 wreck America, then I am badly mis son I hesitate to support the amend- percent of the 1934 or 1938 production. taken. You should get down to brass ment-although I am going to do so. On potatoes it is 92 percent. tacks and let the people of Europe alone. I wonder what you really mean by in- The trouble is that in Britt~my the Give them a little encouragement, but centives. What things are you going to farmer is going around in rags because stop monkeying and trying to tell them give to the heads of these governments. the people in Paris are striking and will what kind of a government they must to trade to the farmers for the wheat or not manufacture the pots and pans and have over there. The more we tell other food they have on hand. One pants for the folks in Brittany-the In those people that we are going to de member said we would let them have pots centive goods referred ·to just now. mand the form of government they must and pans and other utensils. The only Therefore, in order to get the folks in have over there the more they will con other item specified you are going to Brittany to send their wheat and oats demn America for meddling in their trade is tobacco. Liquor would probably and rye to Paris, we are asked to tax our business. I am sick and tired of it my be another incentive. But what about people to send pots and pans as an incen self and I think the rest of the people of farm machinery, for example? Is that tive under section 2 of this bill to induce this country are beginning to feel about to be an incentive? What about re- the farmers to send wheat to Paris.· the SE~J me way. If you will do some of the frigerators and other electrical gadgets? Gentlemen, it simply means that we are things thr.t have been suggested in try Radios have been mentioned. This is a asked to finance their OPA. France is ing. to help the people by letting the .peo strange way to handle the situation. · We . in the hands of their planners. They. ple of America . make donations to the furnish food and other . necessities and · fix a ceiling on wheat and the farmers people of France and Italy in order that then agree to send thes.e extras to be · refuse to send the wheat to Paris. They they may feed the poor of their own·. used to sort of. bribe those people to fix the value of the franc so low the countries the job would. be done through . furnish necessities to their own people. farmers will not exchange wheat . for our charitable organizations, as it has Not only that, but we deliver these extra francs. But it is acknowledged they have been done before. I am sure you would things, pot to the pe9ple, but to govern- _the wheat in-Brittany. They are hungry succeed. Let ·the Salvation Army or ment officials an.d let them distribute in Paris, so ·Paris planners ask Washing some of the charitable organizations.f.eed-·, them as they see fit. , ton planners to come through. .They the -starvip.g. They could do a better ~ You propose in this, bill to _hand oyer have no intention of giving up their OPA job. th~n the Congress. -They could do these extra gaP,get~ and SJ.lPPlies, the kin.d in ~ost .of Europe. They are not .going it at one-tenth the cost . and 10 .times, and. amount we do not k~ow, and ha_nd. to accept. freedom, freedom of enter- . better. Are you .for America or against . ti1em over to the Government heads and prise, .political freedom. They say to cur · her? I feel that toq_ many of our legis- _ let them have ~uU control as to what .:shall planners at home, "You believed in the lators forget· our cwn people, in order _ be done with them. We say "We are . OPA over there, did you not? Well, send to get on this propaganda wagon for . handing them over. to you to be used so us help over here to salvage our OPA. some ~o~eign countr~es. With a $260,- your people will loosen up a littl~ ~nd We are devoted over in Europe . to the 000,000,000 debt ·what right have you to . help_take _care pf your neighbors." You idea.'of management and. control of.tJ:ie· take $860,000.000 .out of the taXPa¥-.ets. s'ay it is because the_governments are too world. economy.. Do not let us down. when our people would do it Wlthout weak to get it d~n.e in .any other way. Send us some inducements, .for God ~ s add~ng this $·860;000,000 to our national As I said it.is a strange proposaL What sake, and save gove~nment management; debt. Where are y.ou going to get the about automobiles, trucks, farm rna- save the police state that i& already oper money? Be wise and economize. chinery. Are they classed as incentives? a:ting, and which .we intend to keep on· The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen-. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa . operating.'. · tle:man from Pennsylvania has expired. [Mr. GWYNNEJ. · · The CHAIRMAN.. The time· of the The Chair recognizes . the gentleman Mr. GWYNNE of Iowa. When we fur,. . gentleman has expired. from Mjchigan [Ml". CRAWFORD]. nished relief to our own people in this The Chair recognizes the gentleman Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, l country, ,did .we furnish them With in- from Pennsylvania [Mr. RICH] for. 2% am in favor. of the amendment to strik·J centive goods?.. . minutes. · · out -subparagraph 2 on .page 21of this : . Mr . .REES . ..Why, certainly not. We Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, a few roo- bill. Here is a piece of cold-blooded eeo-·. furnished .them relief but we did not go ments ago ·you heard that · we ·should nomic. chicanery, wrapped up in a robe -· out and coax them by. giving radios and stabilize the currency ·of France·in order of fine fabric. Here is what this Ian.:' tobacco. and-.things li~e , that · in · order . to . that they might be· able to do business.· guage dqes: It further economically guil-. get.them to produce food or anything of About a year ago our time was very lotines our own people. Suppose I am·. · that kind. There was a time when our. ·much taken up talking about the Bretton .running a factory, producing go-ods, and. people .tr~ded with t_he Indians and gav.e . · Woods agreement; about a stabilization-· the_.,y are claimed to be not in short sup- them things to,get along with.them, but fund that would be necessa1oy-in order to·· ply. Instead of reducing my price on the· I never heard of trading. with people in stabilize the finances of those countries. goods produced- in this country-to the foreigl). countries .in that way. If- tbe Now where is that stabilization fund people .here who·want to buy them, you ~pons ors of this legislation ca:r;t just i~y that' we spent months and months -talk-· give me an outlet by selling those goods · this p~opcsal I shall be glad to hear 1t. ing· about? We paid in millions to do to the United States Government to ship ldo have the highest regard for the mem- the job-now you are at· it again. Where over· to that country at a substantially bership of this committee, which makes is the agreement that you made a year high price. You make it possible for me me hesitate to comment. I shall vote to ago with those nations -trying to get the to continue to maintain high prices in strike "incentives" from the bill. plans of the United Nations set up so this country on that portion of the goods The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog-. that all nations of the Western Hemi I sell to the people here instead of giving nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. sphere and the world would have some the people of this country the prot.ection GWINN]. part to play in taking care of the needs or assistance our competitive system is· Mr. GWINN of New York. Mr. Chair- of those countries over there in stabiliz supposed to give them, namely, reason man, I believe almost accidentally, cer- ing their currency and market? Why do able prices, good qualities, of sufficient tainly innocently, we have some truth you not have the UN function? You quantity under competitive forces. Here hE-re that has been brought out in the have been working for 2% years under you destroy the competitive force by mov last few minutes. They do have rye and laws set up during the war, and here ing out of this country excess goods, the oats and barley and wheat in France and you are, fumbling around. You have goods in excess of the market demand. Italy. Listen to these figures which I just fumbled the ball. The New Deal is still You would have the machinery rigft-ed ih received. Perhaps you may know of in power. The first thing you know you such manner that I can continue to run them or have seen them, but they were will lose this game. You will lose it be .my plant and produce those unwanted a surprise to me. This i~ an analysis of cause you start one thing and you only goods and absorb people in this country the food situation in the 16 European get a little way on the road and the first in short supply producing goods not countries interested in the Marshall plan. thing you know somebody stumbles and needed, instead of producing goods that It is furnished by the Bevin committee, falls down and then you start on some are badly needed to win the war in this and is to be found in volume 2 of their thing else. The way the Congress has country against the destructive inftation 1947 CONGRESSIONAL- RECO-RD-I-IOUSE 11171-· that is in progress and in order to pro a free econo-my, how else .would the sup seas transport with the relief funds which mote a goody-goody proposition you pro porters of this amendment-other than will be appropriated pursuant to this bill. pose for some other part of the world. through a sound currency-get the rural It is my hope that the House conferees It is a shame and disgrace for the Con people to dispose of as much as possible wi1l insist on the retentions of these spe gress of the United States. to sit here and of their wheat and other foods? Should cific provisions so · the executive agen further confuse and befuddle our peo we have a police state take food away cies which may be entrusted with its ad ple with such language as this. It ought from them by governmental action? ministration will be restrained from the to come out of this bill. Under vur sys Certainly not. That sounds very much purchase of American ships with relief tem the only protection we, as consumers like the very thing that we are trying to funds. have, is in competition. Here we have prevent being set up in any part of west The American merchant marine, its the unique situation where the Congress ern Europe. owners, operators, and seamen deserve rapidly moves to erase this protection. · It surprises me to see gentlemen who the protection of their Government. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the recognize the importance and soundness They should not be treated as poor re l a~ gentleman from Michigan has expired. of free enterprise and free exchange and tions and subjected to acts which take The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. who are opposed to communistic force their ·very livelihood away from them. CHURCH] is recognized for 21/2 minutes. · now cry out against the use of incentive · They should be encouraged to carry Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Chairman, I do not goods. I should think the matter as pro American· ·goods rather than being put car·e to use my time. . posed here, in case this amendment is into ·a · position of having to struggle · Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I ask voted down, would be in conformity to a against their ·Government to get cargoes unanimous consent to extend my own re · sound economic· philosophy under free originating in the United States; paid for marks at this point in the RECORD. enter-prise. Well, that- is the way it by the people of the United States, and The CHAIRMAN. Is there pbjecti_on seems to'me.-· What I want·is 'to draw as shipped at the expense of the people of to the request of the· gentleman !rom little as possible upon Ameiica's com- . the United States. Some Members may Arizona? - modities in short supply and yet accom think-that these· comments are· unneces There was no objection. _ plish the great' pu'rpbse J and furnish the sary; but I invit'e your attention. to the Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. _ Ch~irman, .not maximum'' degree of sati~faetion _ of hu.:. fact that there are ·now· :nearly one hun..; having been on any committee ori_g_ir~all~ man nee9s in _the' Wfi,r-totn countri~s 'of · ct'red ships · O.l;:lerating ·under the· Russian considerin·g this comp}icated !!latter,· I Europe consistent with the whole aid pro fl~g Which were obtained ·from this Na-· have only the-thoughts that ~orne t9 minq gram. If· by · disP<>sirig 'of som.e of our ·tfoh 'throtign the expenditures of lease from the discussions pro and con on the sti'rplus 'commodities' to ' be ·used over l{md fun·crs. - We bought .the "m Hom.our~ amendment offered. I am incliped to . there as "incentive goods'' we can ·call - selves arid. pres.{mted· them to ·Russia un..; oppose this amendment, _ es~cially now out of hiding' in tho_se · cou'ntiies ·wheat der-whose flag they ·:now . c:ompete . with that I uriderstarid that only·one member . and: other. m'or'e vitally_ necessary ·sup American .ships op the high ·seas. · . ~ of the committee. took the. View' oi the plies: . and thus s'ave the more seri'ous ·we do not ·want a repetition of such author o( the amendment and' that vir arain upon our' own wheat'and vital sup conditions. . . ' - - . .. . . - . .tua.Ily"the entire : Mr. Chairman, ~ither we want to help viction based 'On true f-acts that these not get necessary farm machinery. If democracy survive in western Europe or exports of goods which are in short :sup you gentlemen -are interested, I just ask we do not-either we want to take the ply are constantly driving prices higher you to can the Secretary -of Commerce necessar y steps here at home to kee:p our and .higher, and that whatever excuses and ask him the terrific amount of these own economy in order or we -do not wish or alibis may be offered .as to the effect short items that have -gone to foreign to take those steps. If we write this of certain other things that may or may lands, and they are listed as short items amendment into the bill, we might just not be going on in the country, the truth by the Secretary of Commerce. I might as well all pack up and go home now. yet remains that the American people say to you that the Secretary -of Com One .other point, Mr. Chairman. Un ought to know and understand that these merce has the authority to declare and less we do check the rising cost of l!i.ving exports are driving prices higher? I determine what items are 'ShOrt items. in this country, we are going to be too agr ee with the gentleman that the strict True, they may be taken -off or put back little "S.nd too late with aid to Europe, application of the amendment would o-.a, but amazingly those which he ad because every percent rise in the cost of probably mean the complete defeat of mits are in short supply are still going living here not only affects our people this program. Therefore, 1 question the out all over the world, and we in this here at home but also !'educes the amount advisability of the amendment, but I country are forced to face that sort of a of relief material which the needy na could not refrain from taking this op situation. tions of Europe can buy with the dollars port:mity to point out again the terrific Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Chairman.• will we appropriate. . ' impact upon prices at home as a result the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. T.he Chair recog of exports to foreign countries. Mr. O'HARA. I yield. nizes the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Mr. VORYS. I -certainly agree with 'Mr. GATHINGS. The gentleman is V.ORYS]. what the gentleman says; we cannot entirely right. Right now France has Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman·, this dodge that responsibility. The Congress twice as many t:raet-ors as they had prior amendment is just exactly like the WH. must .act concerning that impact, but the to the war, and they are asking for 10 liams amendment, in that if it .is adopt way to act is not to paralyze the interim times as many under the so-called Mar ed, we might as well give up this whole aid bill by amendments stuck in it here shall plan. program, $300,000,000 of which is esti on the floor. Mr. O'HARA. I thank the gentleman. mated to he spend for grain which is in The CHAffiMAN. The time of the Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will short supply in this country. The com gentleman from Ohio [Mr. V-oRYS] has the gentleman yield? mittee, wrestlin g over this proposition, expired. Mr. O'HARA. Yes; I yield to my col and remembering that we are not the Mr. O'HARA. Mr. .Chairman, I move league. Committee on Banking and Currency, to strike out the last word. Mr. KNUTSON . . Is it true that these and it is n.ot within our province to at Mr. Chairman, I think the· amendment countries that are asking for help now tempt to devise all of the measures neces oiiered by the gentleman from Georgia have about $23,000,000,000 invested in sary to prot ect our economy. are offering [Mr. WHEELER] raises the very proper this country in securities of one form or an amendment which will be a substi qu-estion of whether you are first think another? · tute for section 4, the next secHon of the ing of the best interests of your own Mr. O'HARA. I have heard the figure bill. At this time, I merely want to read country or whether you are thinking quoted from twenty-three_to twenty-six the first sentence of it; about some othe-r country. When it billion. The President shall promulgate regula comes to my thinking, I am going to Our peop1e have sympathy and desire tions cont rolling the purchase or procure think in terms of what is best f.or my to help in the matter of food items that ment of supplles under this act designed to own country. I am going to support the are needed, but that is not the purpose minimize (a) the dra"in upon' the n ational amendment offered by the gentleman of this bill. The purpose of this bill is to resources of the United States and (b) the from Georgia [Mr. WHEELER] and I will continue a progi'am and to take from impact .of such purchases Ql' procurement tell you why. After Congress .adjourned our people, those who are paying the bill upon the domestic price \level. last summer all of us were appealed to in taxation, :and -deprive them of critical We feel 'that this matter should be by the propaganda -agencies for the need items whicb.a:tte presently in serious snort considered in connection with the next o:i: the Marshall plan, and the need of supply. section. Un der the present situation, food and the need of clothing f.or the MT. WHITTEN. Mr. Chairman, will the Williams amendment effectively hun gry and starving of Europe. Every the gentleman yield? h amstrings the whole program which we one of us knew that when this bill came Mr. O'HARA. I yie1d. have in mind. If there had been such in it would come in IQaded up with all .of Mr. WHITTEN. - If it is the attitude an amendment in the relief bill which we the problems which we have here, and of our Committee on Foreign Affairs, or passed last spring, there just would not which include many items other than the administration, ·Or whoever it may have been any relief bill. TherefoTe. we fQOd. be, can the gentleman conceive of bring hope that this amendment will be de Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, will ing this bill in without any evidence in feated. the gentleman. yield? the hearings of what fertilizer we have, Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman. w111 Mr. O'H ARA. l yield. what tractors we have, or any informa the gentleman yield? Mr. WHEELER. The distinguished tion concerning those matters when the Mr. VORYS. I yleld. maJority leader just finished saying that ault hority rests in the departments down Mr. FULTON. Is lt not true that the a strict application of this amendment town to send this full supply <>ver there question her e on this amendment is would mean lower prices. lf that is so, as they are going with regard to nitro whether you wish to_ adopt it and ef then I cannot very well understand his geneous fert il i z~rs right now? fectively prohibit the purchase Df any opp osing the amendment. Mr. O'HARA. Exactly. My :answer to item in short supply in the United States Mr. O'HARA. lt is difficult foT me to the gentleman ls that I think it is en or the question is whether you wl sh to understand. I feel we are faced with the tirely r.eckless for us to disregard the take the committee's suggestion .and put pmblem. -and we an recognize it, that welfare of our country in this bill. in proper .safeguards under section 4 for these foreign-aid programs are taken out The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the proper purchase of these 1tems so o.f sources of short supply and given first gentleman from Minnesota has expired. that this program will not have too great preference to the peoples nf IQther lands. Mr. MONRONEY. I move to strike-out an imp.::tct upon our economy? Perhaps that has to be done, but I say to the last word. Mr. VORYS. It seems to me that is you, first let us weigh the effect and the Mr. Chairman. I am in great SYmpathy the issue. But this amendment, if placed impact of that prog.ram upon our econ with what I believe some men from agri where it is now offered, simply would omy. cultural States are :attempting to do, that provide that no wheat for bread could go Fo1· instance. the gentleman from Mis is, to retain for their own farmers fer to the hungry people in Europe. sissippi [Mr. W~LLIAMS] spoke about tilizer whi-ch is badly needed by Ameri Mr. EALLEC.K. Mr. Chairman, will fertiliZer~ -Down South that .is a matter can crops; but I do not think that this the gent1eman yield? of life .an-d .death. Many items are being House .at this late hour wants to enact Mr.· VORYS. 1 y1e1d.. shipped out in great quantities which my an .over-all amendment which I agree Mr. HALLECK. Will the gentleman people cannot buy. Our farmers have with the .Foreign .Affa.ics coriunittee , agree with me, however, that this amend to live upon a mechanized farming oper would be equivaJeht and tantamount to ment definitely recognizes a growing con- ation. We cannot get tractors. We can- striking out the enacting clause. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-HOUSE 11177 Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will American people were needing them. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection the gentleman yield? That is the ;reason :;r offered it here. to the request of the gentleman from Mr. MONRONEY . . I am glad to yield Mr. MONRONEY. I think there is a Ohio? to the gentleman from Mississippi. point, though, that the gentleman over Mr. .WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, Mr. WILLIAMS. I merely wish to.say looks. Wheat in America today is a criti reserving ·the right to object, does that that I offered the amendment not for the cal material, yet we have got to ship a close debate only on the pending amend purpose of sabotaging the bill. certain amount abroad to carry out our ment? Mr. MONRONEY. I know that was Nation's foreign policy. · Mr. VORYS. And all amendments not the gentleman's intentipn. The Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Chairman, will thereto. gentleman wants to protect the supply of the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection fertilizer in this country. Mr. MONRONEY. I should lilce to use to the request of the gentleman from Mr. WILLIAMS. Not only fertilizer a little of my own time, but I yield to Ohio? but any other item that may be critical the gentleman. There was no objection. and short. Mr. GATHINGS. The gentleman The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog It is my purpose through this amend knows that we have just had the·largest nizes the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. ment to let the people of the United wheat crop the United States has ever OWENS]. States and the people of Europe know produced. Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, I was that if the items have to go either to the very much interested in the remarks of · Mr. MONRONEY. And the gentleman the preceding speaker when he said that people of Europe or to the people of the knows very well that almost every bit of· United States and cannot go to both, they two-thirds of our grain had already been are going to the people ·of the United that wheat crop has already been sold on shipped overseas, and we are now worry States. · the grain market and nearly two-thirds ing about whether we are going to have Mr. MONRONEY. I cannot quite of our exportable portion of it is on its to ship some of the remaining one-third. agree with the gentleman on that way way overseas. There is a shortage of · That really.is something to worry about. of thinldng. I think that some of those grain in this country today; · and the I do not want. to be a party,· and I do specialized items such as fertilizer could adoption of this amendment as it is writ not believe anyone in this House wants possibly be cut out of the bill without ten will deny any opportunity of getting to be a party, to anything that will make doing too much harm to the bill, but the it to the people of Europe. . us look ridiculous in the eyes of the peo gentleman's amendment would prohibit Mr. GATHINGS. Thirty-three and a ple of America. For that reason permit the export of any item in short supply. third to forty percent of the grains pro me to call your attention to something Wheat is in short supply; likewise coal duced in this country are being consumed here. and oil, but those things must be shipped in America. In connection with section 3 2, the to Europe. Mr. MONRONEY. Much grain has same paragraph which we passed upon The gentleman is particularly inter been going overseas for months. We are a few moments ago, we turned down an ested in fertilizer and is trying to protect now short in America and this amend amendment which would have prohibited it, but I remind the gentleman that ment would stop the grain shipments the sending of incentive goods which many, many other countries not in that the bill provides for. were in short supply. Now just think cluded in this bill have dollar exchanges The only reason that we have had de about that. If we were to leave this first with which they can buy fertilizer in the bate and hearings on the bill is to fur paragraph in as it is without placing a American market and keep it away from nish the grain to the starving people of limiting amendment in there, we would the American farmer. Europe. If we cannot ship the grain it have a situation where we cannot send The relief the gentleman seeks is to be will be the same as striking the enacting luxuries if they are in short supply, found in the export control board. It clause and lcilling the bill. which would be shipped in order to pre has the power now to stop or reduce the Let us face the issue. You cannot do vail upon the farmers of Europe to re shipmei1t of fertilizer anywhere in the both things. You cannot have an lease their grain and meat, but we can world; and prohibiting relief shipments abundant supply in America and still do send goods that constitute our necessi in this bill will not result in the end he the job that is necessary to prevent com ties of life. In other words, we can send seeks. . munism from overrunning Italy and our wheat and our meat and our fuel Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the France. I think we better face that and our medical supplies and our lum gentleman yield? issue and meet it head on with this ber. Just think of that. We can send Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. amendment. I think the time has come those things, but we cannot send lux Mr. FULTON. If the gentleman from for the Congress to say which way it uries or incentive goods if they are in Mississippi does not want to wreck the believes. short supply. Is that hot a ridiculous bill by the equivalent of striking out the Mr. WHEELER. Speaking of the situation? enacting clause why does he not then shortage of wheat, why is it that you can How can anyone say that we are strik wait until we read section 4 where the not get from the Department of Com ing out the enacting clause by inserting committee itself had ·adopted a very long merce any information as to how much a provision in there that we cannot serid committee amendment to give just such of this wheat in Europe is being used for those necessities of life over there if protection and control to the various ele the manufacture of alcoholic beverages? they are in short supply? I say to you, ments of the American economy. In that Mr. MONRONEY. None of it is being Mr. Chairman, and I say it in all sin way there would be efficient control but used for the manufacture of alcoholic cerity, and as one who has been inves not a knocking of the bottom out of the beverages, according to all testimony that tigating the housing situation with re whole thing. I have heard. spect to veterans and others, that all Mr. MONRONEY. I agree with the Mr. WHEELER. The Department of through the Nation our boys are living gentleman completely. Commerce is sadly wrong then. I asked in shacks .along the channels and rivers. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will for the figures and they told me that Your building contractors and your con the gentleman yield? they did not have any. struction workers are turning out about Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. Mr. MONRONEY. That is because 50 percent production in order to give Mr. WILLIAMS. I will ~ell the gentle none is being used. the boys housing or, rather, failing to man the reason i offered this amendment Mr. WHEELER. Then they are mis give housing to them. Why do we here rather than at section 4. · Three or taken. not give an incentive to those people to four days ago in his spee~h to the House Mr. MONRONEY. Yes. work here? Why do we not give them in support of this bill the gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The time of the something to encourage them to help Alabama [Mr. JARMAN], ·who is a mem gentleman from Oklahoma has expired. our boys? Oh, no, we are going to give ber of the committee, stated to me very Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I ask the incentive to the people over in Eu definitely that there was nothing in this unanimous consent that all debate on rope so that they may have the pots and bill-and I took his word for it-there the pending amendment and all amend pans, and we ask them to please take was nothing in this bill to protect the merits thereto close in 17 minutes, with them and give the food and meat to the American people against shipping such the last 2 minutes to be reserved for the people there who are on strike and will critical materials abroad wlien the committee. not supply them to the farmers and the 11178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS.E DECEMBER 8 coal miners. They will not manufacture "What is Congress doing, preparing To help a prostrate country, which the clothes and other items which the to support a program which will send is still driving automobiles for pleasure, farmers of France need, but we are ex $22,000,000 worth of petroleum products we are asked to provide $22,000,000 worth pected to finance their strikes. But at to France," which, as the gentleman of petroleum products. Dm·ing 1947 we the same time we are going to take from from New York [Mr. BuCK] advised the have continued to supply products to our own people the meat and the medi Committee on Foreign Affairs in his Russia in the present year of 1947, in cal supplies that we need and send them testimony, is still using automobiles for cluding petroleum, machinery, tractors, overseas. I say it is time to think of pleasure purposes. I must therefore and other items in short supply, to the America .first and not to be thinking of support the gentleman's amendment, sum of $113,000,000. And are you, as all the world. Insofar as we have our and if the effect is and I do not think it Representatives of the American people, builders, our ·contractors, our workers is at all as the gentleman from Pennsyl interested in the fact that these petro failing to supply our people with houses, vania [Mr. FULTON] has suggested, that leum exports are continuing notwith and having gangsters rule our cities, as it kills or at least partially kills the bill, standing the shortage of gasoline and oil, they do in many of the cities, it is time tnat is still all right with me. I will not particularly in the East, which is as that we begin to take care of our people support· the bill without this amend suming serious proportions? before we worry about what is occurring ment to prohibit exports of goods in short Are you quite clear on the fact that over in Europe, and I say as one Member supply. Charity begins at home. aid is being suggested to Austria, not of Congress I am not going to vote for a Last week there appeared on the edi withstanding the fact that the distin bill that is going to make me look ridic torial page of the esteemed Washington guished chairman of the subcommittee ulous. I say, let us support this amend Post a pitiful cartoon depicting the pros has reported that no such aid was sug ment and not be concerned about what trate figure of France, bound hand and gested by Austrian authorities during his is going to be done with the next sen foot to the railroad tracks facing im examination of affairs in that country? tence or the next paragraph. Let that minent destruction by the . oncoming I have examined the 353 pages of the take care of itself. Russian express, while Congress debated hearings on this bill without finding any Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the a rescue. substantial evidence of starvation or dire gentleman yield? It might be pertinent to inquire how distress. Indeed, witnesses for the ad- . Mr. OWENS. I yield to the gentle- France got on the tracks, and who· tied ministration were very frank in saying man from Pennsylvania. · her? that this was not so much a relief bill as Mr. FULTON. Is the gentleman op On page 1, of the same edition of the it w:as the first logical step in the $20,- posed to thi& interim-aid bilf to send aid paper, there was reported a threatened 000,000,000 Marshall plan. to Europe at this time? strike of 1,200,000 government employees. Are you remembering that.in the com Mr. OWENS. I voted for the $350,- Now, if I mentioned the strike of the sub mittee report on this bill there was a 000,000 relief bill. Would that be an an way workers, or the other strikes involv table inserted entitled "Index of Indus swer to the gentleman? And I voted ing a couple of million industrial work trial Producti.on," which shows that against the reduction of $150,000,000 ers that has prostrated French economy France's production is up to 90 percent that most of th~ s House vote<;! for. for some time, the reply would be that of its 1938 effort, and that many of the Mr. FULTON. If the gentleman is these are strikes inspired by Communists,· countries involved in the Marshall plan for this bill then he does not want to but what can the reply be when the strike out the enacting clause. are exceeding their 1938 production rate? Mr. OWENS. I do not agree with strikes affect the Government itself? Great Britain, for example, is produc the gentleman as a lawyer. I see noth Parenthetically it is interesting to ing as much as she did in 1938, and is ing to the point. That is just a plain note the number of Government workers nqw building 53 percent of all the ships statement with nothing behind it what talking about striking. One million being constructed in the world. Does soever; in fact, you state that in the very two hundred thousand government this indicate prostration? next section that you are talking about clerks is more than we can well afford, Mr. Chairman, I must confess that I you are going to take care of it. Let and it must be a rather extravagant lux am unwilling to continue a program of us take care of it before we get that far. ury for a country one-third the size of exports which not· only has been ·largely I say, ladies and gentlemen of the House, the United States. responsible for our present inflated let us take care of this section first. If Mr. Chairman, I will tell you one prices but which has deprived, and in the we can, because of a short supply of the reason why France is short of wheat. . future will more seriously deprive, our incentive goods, refuse to ship such The French farmer has seen fit to plant own citizens of the necessities of living to items, then we can put those words in 25 percent less wheat than heretofore· which they are entitied. the first p2.ragraph with respect to medi because more profit can be made from The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog cal supplies and food, in other words, we other products. I did not get this figure· nizes the gentleman from Minnesota can protect the people of America. I say, out of the air, it is taken from official [Mr. JUDD]. . support this amendment with all your testimony before the Committee on For Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, a lot has hearts. eign Affairs on this very bill. · been said about the· committee not hav The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog Mr. Chairman, I will tell you one ing discussed this matter. ·If the Mem nizes the gentleman from New Jersey reason why France may be short of ·bers will look in the hearings beginning [Mr. HAND] for 5 minutes. dollars. on pag~ 87, they will discover that we Mr. HAND. Mr. Chairman, I do not There are billions of French dollars spent a great deal of time with the Sec think I will take 5 minutes. Let hoarded in France, or safely deposited retary of Commerce going over these me preface my brief remarks by saying in this country. very questions in detail, item by item. that I dislike to talk about veterans. Mr. Chairman, I will tell you something And, we had other data before us ·from Too often the veteran is paraded up and about oil and gasoline in France, too. our own staff and tlie Herter committee. down the floor here for purely political Although gasoline is rationed, they are The Secretary discussed grain supplies, purposes. But I must support this still pleasure driving, while the American he discussed coal, he discussed oil, he amendment, among other reasons, be people are being asked to stop or curtail discussed fertilizer, and he discussed cause of the fact that about 3 o'clock their motoring. cotton. · this afternoon I had a telephone mes Is the Congress aware that there is Let me read what the Secretary said sage from Mr. William E. Sturm, of my more livestock in France today than with respect to oil, the commodity that district, who purported to speak for 12 there was at the beginning of World the gentleman from Pennsylvania was or 13 of the veterans' organizations of War II? just speaking about. The Secretary of southern New Jersey. He informed me Is the Congress aware that the mili Commerce said: that after many veterans, who had tary expenses of the French Govern The United States import and export o! been seeking to get decent quarters in ment is reported to be 24 percent of their pet-roleum is approximately in balance, and which to live for the last year and a half, entire budget? shipments to Europe are a normal phase of had finally gotten those quarters, are Mr. Chairman, France put herself on the highly integrated and complex system now unable to get oil to heat them, those railroad tracks and as long as she ot international supply. because they are new customers of the knows that we will pick her up, she will That is, we send over certain amounts oil company. In effect they asked me, probably lie there. to Europe for which we get approXi..: 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 11179 mately equal amounts of oil from The alternative is to defeat this bill and reparations to Russia, paid for by the abroad. stand alone in the world, spend far more Unite0 States, we. are playing Russia's Since the world demand for oil exceeds on n!':ttional defense, and ultimately have game. the supply, it is reasonable to assume that either higher prices in America or · a · As long as United States policy abroad any drastic reductions in the flow of oil from return to rationing and price control, provides the type of relief to Europe the United States would be accompanied by which I am sure my friends on this side which inculcates dependence upon the a decrease in receipts from abroad, a neces along with myself do not want. · paternalism of any.nation, including the sary adjustment on the part of the inter national oil companies in order to accom So in the face of the terrible alterna United States, instead of the reestablish plish equ i ~able distribution of the limited tives we face, it seems to me the only ment of self-reliance and stability in the world supply. thing we can do, from the ~tandpoint of governments of Europe, we are playing However, the Department ot Commerce the protection of our country, is to try · Russia's game has taken steps to prevent the excessive ex to get a reasonable balance in distribu Such policy permits. Russia to grow port .of much-needed petroleum products. tion of those commodities that are in stronger while Europe continues in con:. Export quotas have been. established for the short supply, export enough if possible fusion, and tl].e United States economy is fourth quarter . of this year which are 40 percent below ·actual shipments in the pre- to keep those nations free, and at the weakened . . Such a pol~cy, however in vious· quarter. · · - same time not too much to jeopardize our advertent, fits into the plans fo:r Russian own domestic economy. Surely to shut aggression. Then he discusses fertilizer, and rec of! pra~tic .ally all_exports, as the amend _ Now the facts are these: .The United ognizes that is one of the. ·most acJite ment provides, would increase rather States gave to Russia and.Russian satel problems. About $14,000,000 of nitrog.en than · decrease the danger to ourselves. lite countries, during the period of Janu fertiliz=r is authorized in this bill. He Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, I ask ary 1, 1946, to August 31, 194~. in private says: unanimous consent ·to extend my re relief, $65,000,000; to UNRRA, $640,000,- · _ Such requirements represent less than 5 marks at this point in the RECORD. 000; and through lepd-:-lease, $168,000,- percent of the United . States supply, but The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection 00Q; for a total of $873,000.,00.0. plus. coming in the months when dprnestic de to the request of the· gentleman from Parenthetically, I might add that the mand . is at a p~ak, such shipi!lents _would Missouri? · United States of Amer)ca, since VE-day, cre~te a special probleJ:?. However, !equi~e -, There .Was no objection. , inents can be met in part by shipments from has alteady_co:p.tributed by furnishing .aid' other produc'ing countries. Here I would·like · Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, today to,for~ign na:tions anq by. funds ihveste.d to emphasize - the desirabHity of 1 obtaining. the-Nation faces economic- problems of. ip : .the _International Monetary -· FQ.nd, . the maximum flexibility-in arranging for ·pro- . tremendous pre.portiohs; which-affect au: approximately $57 ~ ooo:ooo,ooo. _. This· curement outside- the United States so as to our people :and.'our poster-ity. · The Na- amQ~nts to $398 per.person.in the. vn~ted ' lessen the strain on the-united States econ- . ·tion is confronted with an economic di ~tates, and tlrat' is 1~ . times· our _:ger . omy: in ·areas· ot short supply. ; . . . lemma,. which· it not ~ sol-ved properly-can: c::wit~ national_debt .in .. the year 1917; ~ The 1ustificati6n for- prompt dispatch o! cause much injury to the competitive E~ch of· you; since VE-pay, . h~s ·already, these requireni_ents.Iies not only in. the acute enterprise -sy.stem. . . ne.~d for lar:ger t"ood production in the _re contributed on the average of $398.-. cip1ent coun~ ries, but-also)!! ~_!:le pre~sur~ 01,1 · -In our ·zeal -to -lead the world -in the . In Germany .our occJipation ppUcy in our own food supplies. Stoppage of .ferti.,. estabiishmerit of .peace, we have. become the Amer.ican zone· today has ip progress. lizer · supplies during the war years resulteq paternal. In our desire to ·outwit. Rus the_ dismantling of. nearly 200 German in serious depletion of the· fertility ·of the sia, Whose actions spell clearly her mo factories. ·Our own War Department ad soHs of Europe. - Each ton of· fertilizer-avail tives of :a;ggnission, we are politically m1ts that nearly. one..:half of these facto-· able- to these countries during. the spi'ing months is estimated to make a twelvefold and economically in the danger zone of ries _were never used in the production of l'eturn in farm output. To the. ~xtent . tha~ playing a g'ame of international politics, war material of any .kind. : In ·the de-· -interim requirements can be met, we .could which can easily fit right into the pat_ stru_ction · of these factories, many . of expect a deciease'd demand for footl next tern of her plans: Coupled with the sin which are .essential ,to the .rehabilitation season. · · - · cere .motives and -~roblems, the. national of the industry of Europe, the adm,inis administration of. our-government has ·al tration no longer even claims that they. · · Tben, to suJll it -~·P. the Secretary-of lowed preoccupation of their thinking by are. being destroyed to halt any pos_sible Comrperce says.: the election year .in the offing. In fact; future war production. We are taking .. Although, as I ha:ve.indi<;:ated, -there . are. election-year politics .: have become.a ma~ t:h,ese factories apart and are distributing, supp_ly pt:obl~IJls in. I?QIIJe of__ t}:le i1;~ms, pas_ed_ Jor influence in ~the - pro~ection· of the ad- · the equipment ,as. reparations. . ~_uch .of ~:m.. P..3:S~ _e:Kper~e~c _e , ~nbjection The Clerk read as follows: Administration in permitting machinery . to the request of the gentleman from Amendment offered by Mr. H. CARL ANDER and petroleum products to go to Russia Mississippi'? SEN to the amendment offered by Mr. ABER at this time. We are arming a potential There was no objection. · NETHY: After the word "fertilizer" add the enemy in so doing. Many of us in 1939 Mr. ABERNETHY. On tomorrow words "farm machinery and petroleum also protested to an un-heeding admin morning before a subcommittee of the products." istration against the shipment of scrap House Committee on Agriculture, of Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. iron and fuel oil to Japan. which I am a member, we will begin an Chairman, I am offering this amendment We musf place certain prohibitions investigation into the fertilizer situation. iii behalf of the ·farmers of this Nation, directly in this legislation, having little The investigation was scheduled several so that they may have the opportunity confidence in those in whom this power weeks ago, not today, not since my to produce the wheat that is so much has in the past been vested. amendment was offered, not since the needed. I also offer this in order to I sincerely hope that the House will see amendment offered by the gentleman . protect thousands of families from suf fit to accept my amendment as \~ell as from Georgia and just debated at length, fering from the lack of .fuel oil. I know . that of the gentleman from Mississippi. but several weeks .ago.. The hearings from personal correspondence . that to Shall we not protect our own people, at begin in. the morning before the Com day that ·.there are. fuel dealers in my the same time helping those others as mittee on Agriculture. ReaHz~ng the congressional district in Minnesota who far as we can without wrecking our own seriousness of the situation, they were cannot supply their patrons. There are Nation's economy? · scheduled at -the instance of. the gentle- · many GI's among . those patrons who Mr. SMITH of Ohio. · Mr.- Chairman, man from. Mississippi [Mr. WHITTENl, . cannot. secure enough fuel oil ·to keep will the gentleman yield? · myself, and others. He, I, and others their houses .warm. I know also from Mr. H . .CARL ANDERSEN. I yield. who have a deep interest in this matter personal . experience that it has · been Mr. SMITH of Ohio. There is strong want to get the facts. We want you to pra.ctically an impossibility, on my farm talk of rationing of petroleum products have the benefit of them. at least, to secure the machinery that now, is there not? ·We have sent requests all over the we should have had .the past 6 or 7 years Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. There ab country, to the fertiliz3r industry, to the to try to do: the-job we want to do,' and solutely is. A cartoon in today's Wash War Dapartment, which has plants that is, to produce at full capacity. An ington Star well illustrates that possi capable of manufacturing fertilizer, to ·inflationary market in farm machinery bility. ·Remember, families in Minnesota the ODT, whose authority it is to make today holds back production all through are without fuel today. available tank cars and the rolling stock the great Midwest. Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Then that ought necessary to transport fertilizer, to the I agree with the gentleman from Miss- • to determine our vote on your amend Maritime Commission, whose authority issippi in his anxiety concerning ferti ment. it is to provide the ships nec~ssary to lizer. Having worked for 2 years in Ala .Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I thank the import nitrogen from Chile, and to' the .b:;tma, I know that fertilizer is the life- . gentleman. Departments of State and . Commerce, blood of the South when it comes to pro .Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, will .the which have power over international al ducing· a crop. You just have to put in gentleman yield? locations of fertilizer. We have called in so much fertilizer down there per arre Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I yield. everyone interested in the fertilizer in or you' just do not·get a crop. Mr. REES. While the gentleman is dustry. We begin hearings in the morn- .Out in Minnesota we need desperately· discussing this question of agricultUre, it ing. · the tractors and the f~rm machinery. might be well to observe that about 20 I beseech you to adopt this . amend Out in-that country, where just the otht!r percent of the farm lands in France at ment. You cannot lose-by so doing. Tlle morning, the temperature was ·17 below the present time are.devoted to the rais provision is already in the Senate bill, so zero, there are plenty of GI's trying to ing of grapes to produce wine and things give it this safeguard. Let the House construct new homes who cannot even like that. It • might be better if t~ey bill go to conference · with fertilizer get onto the lists of the fuel dealers in raised wheat and other grain. stricken out . . Give us an opportunity to order to get fuel oil to keep their families Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I think our make a real, honest-to-goodness investi warm. Fuel suppliers have cut their farmers in this country can make far gation of the situation. Give. us a chance quotas to our fuel dealers and our peo inore effective use of this farm machinery to bring an unbiased report' to you or to ple this winter will suffer if we permit than can the farmers in Europe. Let the conferees. Nothing will be lost by our precious supplies to go abroad. us send them the grain, but let us also your so doing. I ask you to do that for I voted against the preceding amend give our own farmers an opportunity to the good of American agriculture, for ment for the simple reason that it was produce the food as they .will. Let us help the good of the hungry stomachs around too inclusive. I do not want to prohibit our own in order that we can help starv the world, and for the good of those of the exportation of wheat, if there are ing peoples in other· lands. Fuel oil un you who live in the cities and contend starving -People in Europe or China, or der present circumstances should not l;>e that your food is so short and so high. anywhere else who we can help. At the shipped from our country. We owe a One other thing: Fertilizer is used same time, I do not want to make it im duty to our own here. heavily not only in the South, as was in possible for our own farmers to produce Mr. VV'HITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman. dicated by my friend from Minnesota this necessary food. Keep in mind in I rise in support of the amendment [M·r. O'HARA], but all up and down the connection with this interim program offered. by my colleague the gentleman eastern shore, throughout New England, that it is impossible for the people in from Mississippi fMr. ABERNETHY]. the Midwest, and far West. It is be Europe to do any farming before this I think that fertilizer should be coming more essential every day to the will take effect, so why not put in a stricken from the bill. I say that as a production of good and bountiful crops. pronibition- against the useless sending supporter of the legislation. The War Our farniers bled their land white during over there of fertilizer and farm ma Powers Act was extended as far as fer the war meeting high-production goals. chinery and fuel oil that we so dearly til~zer is concerned, .and under the terms Their land needs a rest. But the world need in this country? of that act in order that the Members needs food. The use of fertilizer .has ex Today, as we are considering this bill may have a concrete case, ammonium panded year by y~ar throughout the Mid a press release' from International Falls, nitrate, a nitrogenous fertilizer, is manu west 'in the l~st 7 years. They are using M~nnesota, :tells of hundreds of families factured .in this country, by TVA, the larger and larger and larger quantities. there being endangered by the lack of Spencer Chemical Co. and .the Lion Oil They have found a definite need for it. fuel oil for their furnaces. · These same Co. in former war plants, that Congress 11184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 8 understood would be operated to manu- · tilizer can be manufactured in Europe that they hope to furnish substantially facture ammonium nitrate. Under the for European needs. Nor do I know of one-half. , power extended in the War Powers Act, any reason why the war plants in the What I have said with respect to fer agencies of these countries across the United States, one of them at Cactus, tilizer applies to oil and mechanical seas have already been allocated 16 per 'l'ex., and the other at Louisiana, Mo., equipment. If tractors are not in the bill, cent of the production of those three should not be rehabilitated by the War it should be made clear that tractors, as companies. That was the production for Department so that at least the War well as oil, are stricken with fertilizer 1946. Two of those companies, Spencer Department can provide for the manu from the bill. and Lion, are producing far less now facture of fertilizer that may be needed The CHAIRMAN. The time of the than they produced in 1946, so that the in rehabilitating France and Italy, or, gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHIT allocation already made means that 30 for that matter, making it available to TINGTON] has expired . . percent of their production for 1947 will the growers in the United States, just !ts Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I move be allocated for shipment overseas un you have made it available to the occu that the Committee do now rise. der legislation we have already passed. pied and conquered areas. The motion was agreed to. Thus there will not be available to the Mr. ABERNETHY. Will the gentle Accordingly the Committee rose; and farmers of the United States, where the man yield further? the Speaker having resumed the chair, demand for fertilizer is increasing and Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield. Mr. MICHENER, Chairman of the Commit the supply is decreasing, as much as was Mr. ABERNETHY. Is it not true that tee of the Whole House on the State of available in 1946, when there was a with this item in this bill as it is, this the Union, reported that that Commit shortage. There is no good reason, would be regarded and accepted as an tee, having had under consideration the therefore, why fertilizer should not be additional allocation over and above the bill H. R. 4604, had come to no resolution stricken from this bill, because alloca one-third output already allocated? thereon. tions have already been made, and ship Mr. WHITTINGTON. Certainly, aud VETERANS' LEGISLATION ments have already been started across that would deprive the American farm the seas for the current year. Why add ers of the already short supply of fer Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. to the allocations we have already made. tilizer. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad May I say further that the war plants I do insist, in all fairness, that with dress the House for 1 minute and to re- are now producing as much ammonium out injury to the bill, the word "ferti vise and extend my re~arks. · nitrate as the three plants that I have in lizer" should be stricken from the bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dicated. All of the war plants produc Mr. Chairman, the pending bill is to the request of the gentlewoman from tion is going overseas to the occupied and provide funds largely as grants. I am Massachusetts? conquered countries. Have we not done advised that the countries of Europe in There was no objection. enough when we provide for our war need of fertilizer are able to buy and pay Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. plants to be· continued to be operated, so for all of the fertilizer that has been al Speaker, I am going to press for action that as much can be sent overseas as is located under the extension of the War on three bills that were not passed during being made available to our farmers? Powers Act. The allocations are not the last session of the Congress. One is The Spencer and Lion plants, instead of made to the governments, but to institu increased subsistence allowance for the producing the same amount of fertilizer tions for resale to farmers. The domes men ·taking institutional training-the that they produced last year, are now tic requirements are large, and the do Mead bill passed by the Committee on producing far less. They are diverting mestic supply for ammonium nitrate or Veterans' Affairs unanimously. The men to wood or synthetic alcohol because they nitrogenous fertilizer is small. In fair cannot really take their training and can get more fo"r their product by chang ness, therefore, to the American grower, keep it up. They are dropping out. Two ing their machinery. Spencer is divert fertilizer should not be included iri the tried to commit suicide recently in Cali ing it to ammoniating superphosphate. pending bill. fornia because they could not meet the So that while they have been required to The Spencer Chemical Co. and the expenses of the family. allocate for shipment overseas, they. are Lion Oil Co. have advised their dealers The other measure is for an increase diverting, and there will not be available in the District that I represent that they in subsistence allowance, plus the allow as much for your domestic growers as will not be able to supply more than one ance from the employer, in on-the-job there was last year. I do insist that inas third or one-half the amount of am training-the Kearney on-the-job train much as there is a shortage, inasmuch as monium nitrate they supplied in 1946. ing bill. the shortage has been admitted during In fairness, however, this is due to the The other is the automobile .bill, which the debate under this section, and inas takes in certain men that should have fact that these two companies have re been included before. That bill is the mu~ as we have already ,:Jrovided for duced their production of ammonium allocations that have been made, and nitrate. They are diverting it to syn Mathews bil~ which did not pass in the which are already on the way overseas, thetic alcohol and to other purposes. The last session. The doctors in the hospi we should not increase those allocations farmer is the sufferer. tals in California tell me the legislation by enabling the United States to buy and I repeat that the ordnance· plant in granting automobiles to certain para furnish fertilizer when they have al Texas and the ordnance plants at Louisi plegics and amputees was the finest re ready allocated to the agencies of those ana, Missouri, should be rehabilitated and habilitation measure that had ever governments more in proportion than that these plants should produce am passed the Congress of the United States. our own farmers are receiving this year monium nitrate for use by American We have argued today and for many or at the expense of our farmers. I in days about giving millions of dollars in growers to relieve the admitted shortage relief for the countries that our veterans sist that the word "fertilizer'' should be of domestic ammonium nitrate. stricken from this bill. saved. I believe every Member of the I have been advised that no more House would want these bills passed be Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Chairman, Chilean nitrate will be available to the will the gentleman_yield? fore we adjourn for the holiday season. cotton growers in the Mississippi Delta All thest! bills passed unanimously and Mr. WillTTINGTON. I am glad to than was made available in 1946. There the Committee on Veterans' Affairs yield to the gentleman. was a shortage then. There will be no sought tirelessly to secure their passage. Mr. ABERNETHY. I call attention more cyanimide available from Canada The Senate had the vision to pass these of the Members to this pertinent fact, than in 1946, and there was a shortage bills. So it would be easy to pass them that present plans call for the export of then. The taxpayers are dealing gener in the House and have them become law. about one-third of United States produc ously with the conquered and occupied I bolieve the President would sign them. tion to the farmers of Europe and other areas. The war plants are producing as The SPEAKER. The time of the gen regions of the world this year. much anhydrous nitrate for shipment to tlewoman from Massachusetts has' ex Mr. WHITTINGTON. That is 30 per the occupied areas as the TVA, Spencer pired. cent. I so stated. I would like to say and Lion are producing in the United this: I have read these hearings and I States. Spencer has advised my con EXTENSION OF REMARKS do not know of any good reaso·n · why stituents that his company cannot fur Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr~ Speaker, I those German plants and other plants nish more than one-third the ammonium ask unanimous consent to extend my re ~hould pot be rehabilitated so that fer- nitrate furnished in 1946. Lion advises marks in the Appendix of the REcoRD. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL REQORD-. HOUSE 11185. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it RESIGNATION FRQM COMMITTEE By Mr. PRICE of Florida: is so ordered. . . . H. R. 4658. A bill to provide for assistance The SPEAKER laid before the House by the Federal Government in the repair ot There was no objection. the following communication, which was qam age caused by erosion by waves and cur . Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker·, I read: rents to the shores of the St ate of Florida ask unanimous consent to extend my re CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, and in the pr.evention of futu re damage to marks further in the RECORD, and l have . HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, such shores; to the Committee on Public an estimate from the Public Printer that Washington; D. C., December 8, 1947. Works. the cost will be $195. Notwithstanding Hon. JoEEPH MARTIN, By Mr. SIKES: the additional cost, I ask unanimous Speaker, House of Representatives, H. R. 4659. A bill to ratify and confirm consent that the extension may be mfjde. Washin?Jton, D. C , amendments to certain contract s for the fur The SPEAKER. Is there objection to DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Please accept this as my nishing of petroleum products to the United resignation as a member of the District of States; to the Commit tee on the Judiciary. the r€quest of the gentleman from Cal Columbia Committ ee. ifornia? By Mr. THOMAS of Texas: Sincerely yours, H. R. 4660. A bill to exempt certain pro There was no objection. F. Eow. HEBERT. Mr. SMITH of Ohio asked and was ceeds of life insurance from the Federal es The SPEAKER. Without objection, tate tax: . to the Committee on Ways and granted permission to extend his re Means. marks in the RECORD and include an the resignation will be accepted. There was no objection. By Mr. VAN ZANDT (by request): article by Sid J. Hughes, vice president H. R. 4661. A bill to amend the Servicemen's of the Industrial Bank of Commerce of LEAVE OF ABSENCE Readjustment Act of 1944, as amen ded, to pro New Yorlt. By unanimous consent, leave of ab vide homes for veterans, through veterans' Mr. JUDD asked and was granted per sence was granted to Mr. AucHINCLoss homestead associations, and the public fa- mission to extend his remarks in the Ap (at the request of Mr. -SUNDSTROM), for . Cilities essential therefor; to the Committee· pendix of the RECORD in two instances Saturdr.y and Monday, on account of on Veterans' Affairs. and in each to include some printed official business. By Mr. CELLER: material. · H. R. 4662. A bill relative to maximum rents ADJOURNMENT on housing accommodations; to repeal cer SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move tain provisions of Public Law 129, Eightieth Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. that the House do now adjourn. Congress; and for other purposes; to the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Committee on Banking and Currency. The motion was agreed to; accordingly By Mr. vn-:soN: on Monday next I may address th'3 House