“Getting Rid of the Line:” Toward an American Infantry Way of Battle, 1918-1945
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Eugene B. Sledge MBM August 2020 FINAL.Pdf (3.688
HISTORY | LEGENDS Eugene B. Sledge and Mobile: 75 Years After “The War” Mobilian Eugene Sledge is recognized the world over as a USMC combat veteran of World War II, but there is even more to know, and admire, about “Ugin” of Georgia Cottage. text by AARON TREHUB • photos courtesy AUBURN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES xactly 75 years ago this spring, in May and June 1945, Mo- bile native and U.S. Marine Corps PFC Eugene Bondurant Sledge was fighting on Okinawa as a mortarman with Com- pany K, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment of the 1st Ma- Erine Division. Sledge was already a combat veteran by this time, having received his baptism of fire on Peleliu in September and October 1944. He was 21 years old. Years later, Sledge described the fighting on Okinawa in mid-May 1945 and the recurring nightmares that it inspired. “The increasing dread of going back into action obsessed me,” he wrote. “It became the subject of the most tortuous and persistent of all the ghastly war nightmares that have haunted me for many, many years. The dream is always the same, going back up to the lines during the bloody, muddy month of May on Okinawa. It remains blurred and vague, but oc- casionally still comes, even after the nightmares about the shock and violence of Peleliu have faded and been lifted from me like a curse.” Nightmares haunted Sledge for decades after the war: as a com- bat veteran and student attending Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn University) on the G.I. Bill in the late 1940s; as a young husband and father pursuing graduate degrees at API and the Uni- versity of Florida in the late 1950s; and as a professor of biology at the University of Montevallo from the 1960s through the 1980s. -
Colby Alumnus Vol. 60, No. 1: Fall 1970
Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Colby Alumnus Colby College Archives 1971 Colby Alumnus Vol. 60, No. 1: Fall 1970 Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/alumnus Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Colby College, "Colby Alumnus Vol. 60, No. 1: Fall 1970" (1971). Colby Alumnus. 72. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/alumnus/72 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Colby College Archives at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Alumnus by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. COLBY COLLEGE LIBRARY Waterville, Maine 0 The Issue Fall 1970 f/111111·111111111g . I ht· \H·tkc11d l11lo11gC'd to J. li1·el)e ancl \f,11\ Bi,ln, .111d \\ould h,t\L t\tll if tile footli.dl 1l·:1m h.tcl llJ"t'l tilt· mo.,l powtilttl Bowdo111 'lf"·'d i11 lll< lll\ a )l':1r. (l L Ill.II I) did.) I he pH·,ide11t t•111t·1 itm .111cl hi., wife were ho1101ecl 011 Colin l'\1g ht. .111d 1c,po11dul ''ith the w.umth, chatm :t11cl wit whith d1.11';1ttc111ccl the 18 \it.ti Bl\.kr )Car� at Colb)- (Pages 1-3) The /5Jul cl11.11 a11it•1·1 .. I'rt�idc11t .Strider, in his tradi tional aclcln·.,� lo f1c.,hmu1 011 tlwi1 f11.,t cl.n 011 c.tmpus. <lb- c m�td ,..-h:1l the tollege "ffu., .111cl \\h.1t <.111 be C\.pectcd of '>tudt•11L-.: i11tl'llcctu:tl ch.tllu1gl. \Oti.tl ad.1ptil1ilit) .•1 rc'>pect fot Colb) ·, hcrit.1gc . -
The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons History Undergraduate Theses History Winter 3-12-2020 The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. Duncan Hamlin [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Hamlin, Duncan, "The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations." (2020). History Undergraduate Theses. 44. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses/44 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. A Senior Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Undergraduate History Program of the University of Washington By Duncan Hamlin University of Washington Tacoma 2020 Advisor: Dr. Nicoletta Acknowledgments I would first like to thank Dr. Burghart and Dr. Nicoletta for guiding me along with this project. This has been quite the process for me, as I have never had to write a paper this long and they both provided a plethora of sources, suggestions and answers when I needed them. -
HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES Charles K
l1146 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 8 Officers of the Supply Corps · Clifton B. Cates Lemuel C. Shepherd~ To Be Commanders Leo D. Hermie . Jr. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charles K. Phillips To be brigadier generals MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1947 Allen .B. Reed, Jr. · Alfred H. Noble Omar T. Pfeiffer Officers of the Dentat Corps Graves B. Erskine William E. Riley The House met at 12 o'clock noon. To Be Commanders Louis E. Woods Merwin H. Silverthorn Franklin A. Hart Ray A. Robinson The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera John P. Jarabak Field Harris Gerald C. Thomas Montgomery, D. D., offered the follow Herman K. Rendtorff William J. Wallace Henry D. Linscott ing prayer: Robert D. Wyckoff Oliver P. Smith Dudley S. Brown Almighty God, our Father, we bring Officers of the line Robert Blake Robert H. Pepper our sins and our virtues into Thy re To Be Lieutenant Commanders William A. Worton William P. T. Hill William T. Clement Andrew E. Creesy vealing light and pray Thee to skill us John L. Hutchinson Ogle W. Price, Jr. Louis R. Jones Leonard E. Rea in those purposes which make for a world Walter F. V. Bennett William E. Hoppe John T. Walker Merritt B. Curtis of love, of contentment and peace. Be James F. Wheeler Robert M. Ross Francis A. Lewis William J. Hagerty The following-named officers for appoint not far away, but continue to create Frederick W. Zigler Harry S. Warren ment in the United States Marine Corps in within us the ·finest conceptions of duty Willard H. Davidson James H. -
Spearhead-Fall-Winter-2019.Pdf
Fall/Winter 2019 SpearheadOFFICIAL PUBLICATION of the 5TH MARINE DIVISION NEWS“Uncommon Valor was a Common Virtue” ASSOCIATION OCTOBER 22 - 25, 2020 71ST ANNUAL REUNION DALLAS, TEXAS Sons of Iwo vets take the helm of FMDA Bruce Hammond and statue in Semper Fi Tom Huffhines, both Memorial Park at the native Texans and sons Marine Corps War of Iwo Jima veterans Museum at Quantico, who previously (Triangle) Va., and served as Association had long worked with presidents and reunion the FMDA. hosts, were selected to Continuing his lead the Fifth Marine father’s work with the Division Association Association, President as president and vice Bruce Hammond said, president, respectively, “It is important that we for the next year. channel our passion, Additionally, move forward and lifetime FMDA mem- President Bruce Hammond and Vice President Tom Huffhines focus on our mission ber, Army helicopter for our Marine veterans.” pilot and Vietnam veteran John Powell volunteered to Vice President John Huffhines agreed and said, host the next FMDA reunion from Oct. 22-25, 2020, in “Communication with the membership, as good and Dallas. as often as possible, is extremely key to its existence. Hammond’s father, Ivan (5th JASCO), hosted the Stronger fundraising ideas and efforts should be the 2016 reunion in San Antonio, Texas, when John Butler main thing on each of our agendas.” was president, and in Houston, Texas, in 2009 when he Hammond graduated from the University of Texas, was president himself. Austin, in 1989 with a bachelor’s degree in psychology. Huffhines’ father, John (HS 2/3), hosted the 2006 He worked for 24 years as a well-site drilling-fluids reunion in Irving, Texas, when he was president. -
Closingin.Pdf
4: . —: : b Closing In: Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima by Colonel Joseph H. Alexander, USMC (Ret) unday, 4 March 1945,sion had finally captured Hill 382,infiltrators. The Sunday morning at- marked the end of theending its long exposure in "The Am-tacks lacked coordination, reflecting second week ofthe phitheater;' but combat efficiencythe division's collective exhaustion. U.S. invasion of Iwohad fallen to 50 percent. It wouldMost rifle companies were at half- Jima. By thispointdrop another five points by nightfall. strength. The net gain for the day, the the assault elements of the 3d, 4th,On this day the 24th Marines, sup-division reported, was "practically and 5th Marine Divisions were ex-ported by flame tanks, advanced anil." hausted,their combat efficiencytotalof 100 yards,pausingto But the battle was beginning to reduced to dangerously low levels.detonate more than a ton of explo-take its toll on the Japanese garrison The thrilling sight of the Americansives against enemy cave positions inaswell.GeneralTadamichi flag being raised by the 28th Marinesthat sector. The 23d and 25th Ma-Kuribayashi knew his 109th Division on Mount Suribachi had occurred 10rines entered the most difficult ter-had inflicted heavy casualties on the days earlier, a lifetime on "Sulphurrain yet encountered, broken groundattacking Marines, yet his own loss- Island." The landing forces of the Vthat limited visibility to only a fewes had been comparable.The Ameri- Amphibious Corps (VAC) had al-feet. can capture of the key hills in the ready sustained 13,000 casualties, in- Along the western flank, the 5thmain defense sector the day before cluding 3,000 dead. -
WHO's WHO in the WAR in EUROPE the War in Europe 7 CHARLES DE GAULLE
who’s Who in the War in Europe (National Archives and Records Administration, 342-FH-3A-20068.) POLITICAL LEADERS Allies FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT When World War II began, many Americans strongly opposed involvement in foreign conflicts. President Roosevelt maintained official USneutrality but supported measures like the Lend-Lease Act, which provided invaluable aid to countries battling Axis aggression. After Pearl Harbor and Germany’s declaration of war on the United States, Roosevelt rallied the country to fight the Axis powers as part of the Grand Alliance with Great Britain and the Soviet Union. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-128765.) WINSTON CHURCHILL In the 1930s, Churchill fiercely opposed Westernappeasement of Nazi Germany. He became prime minister in May 1940 following a German blitzkrieg (lightning war) against Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. He then played a pivotal role in building a global alliance to stop the German juggernaut. One of the greatest orators of the century, Churchill raised the spirits of his countrymen through the war’s darkest days as Germany threatened to invade Great Britain and unleashed a devastating nighttime bombing program on London and other major cities. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USW33-019093-C.) JOSEPH STALIN Stalin rose through the ranks of the Communist Party to emerge as the absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he conducted a reign of terror against his political opponents, including much of the country’s top military leadership. His purge of Red Army generals suspected of being disloyal to him left his country desperately unprepared when Germany invaded in June 1941. -
A Chronology of the UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS 1965
MARINE CORPS HISTORICAL REFERENCE PAMPHLE T A Chronology Of The UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS 1965-1969 VOLUME I V HISTORICAL DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, U . S. MARINE CORP S WASHINGTON, D. C. 1971 HQMC 08JUNO2 ERRATUM to A CHRONOLOGY OF USMC (SFTBOUND ) 1965-1969 1 . Change the distribution PCN read 19000318100 "vice" 19000250200. DISTRIBUTION: PCN 19000318180 PCN 19000318180 A CHRONOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATE S MARINE -CORPS, 1965-196 9 VOLUME I V B Y GABRIELLE M . NEUFEL D Historical Divisio n Headquarters, United States Marine Corp s Washington, D . C . 20380 197 1 PCN 19000318100 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAV Y HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS WASHINGTON . D . C. 20380 Prefac e This is the fourth volume of a chronology of Marin e Corps activities which cover the history of the U . S . Marines . It is derived from unclassified official record s and suitable published contemporary works . This chronology is published for the information o f all interested in Marine Corps activities during the perio d 1965-1969 and is dedicated to those Marines who participate d in the. events listed . J . R . C H Lieute O" General, U . S . Marine Corp s Chief of Staf f Reviewed and approved : 2 September 1971 ABOUT THE AUTHO R Gabrielle M . Neufeld has been a member of the staff o f the Historical Division since January 1969 . At the presen t time she is a historian in the Reference Branch of th e Division . She received her B .A . in history from Mallory College, Rockville Centre, N .Y ., and her M .A . in Easter n history from Georgetown University, Washington, D . -
WWII Pacific PP.Pdf
Short Documentaries on War in the Pacific • The Pacific: Historical Background Part 1 (HBO) • The Pacific: Anatomy of a War (HBO) Japanese Aggression Builds • In the early 1900s Japan had a severe lack of natural resources. • Their plan was to invade and conquer neighboring lands that had the natural resources that they wanted. • Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. • On September 27, 1940, Japan signed a pact with Germany and Italy, thus entering the military alliance known as the “Axis Powers.” • The United States wanted to curb Japan Vs. the Japan’s aggressive actions. • They also wanted to force a United States withdrawal of Japanese forces from Manchuria and China. • So, the United States imposed economic sanctions on Japan. • Japan now faced severe shortages of oil, along with their shortage of other natural resources. • The Japanese were also driven by the ambition to displace the United States as the dominant Pacific power. • To solve these issues, Japan decided to attack the United States and British forces in Asia and seize the resources of Southeast Asia. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor • However, because America is bigger and more powerful than Japan, a surprise assault is the only realistic way to defeat the U.S. • Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands on December 7, 1941. • When the first Japanese bombs struck Pearl Harbor shortly before eight in the morning, the American forces were utterly unprepared. • Anchored ships, such as the Nevada, the Utah, and the Arizona, provided easy targets for bombs and torpedoes. -
%E Fftwida !/Late O!Hu~T'1l
A RCH1VES f. S. U. LIBRARY .%e fftwida !/late O!hu~t'1l YatuIJldall1 ~ .A{nth" Jf/~ Yt:nriPed ff+e~t GRADUATION EXERCISES Westcott Auditorium Saturday Afternoon, August Ninth, Three o'Clock PRO CE S SI 0 N AL ____________ __ ______ ________ __________ __ ______________ __ ____ _______ _________ H andel Ramona Cruikshank Beard, Organist INVOCATION _______________ ________ __ ~ ________ ___ _______ __ __ __ ______________ EDWIN R. HARTZ Chaplain, The Florida State University SPECIAL MUSIC "The Shepherd on the Rock" ___________________ __ __________ __ ______ ____ 8chubert Edith Campbell Kaup. Soprano Harry Schmidt, Clarinet Robert Glotzbach, Piano AD D RE S S __ _____________ _______ ___ __ _____________________ ____ ___________ ___ __CHARLES S. D AVIS Dean of the Faculties, The Florida State University CONFERRING OF DEGREES _____ __________ __ __ Robert Manning Strozier President, The Florida State University BE NE D I CTI 0 N ____________ _________ ________________ _____ ____ ______________ ____________ MR. HARTZ RE CESS IONAL ___ __ __ ______ ___ ________ _____ ___________ __ -----___________ _______________ _____ 8 tan ley Mrs. Beard, Organist President and Mrs. Stozier invite the graduates, members of their families, and friends to a reception in the President's Home after the graduation exercises. ACADEMIC REGALIA Three academic degrees are generally recognized: the bachelor, the master, and the doctor. The name of each degree seems to have been determined by medieval university custom. The bachelor's degree, the baccalaureate, takes its name directly from the medieval practice of "bachelors" wearing a garland of bayberries. The master's degree was equivalent to a license to teach, and sometimes was followed by the express words Licentia Docendi. -
Purple Heart - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 12
Purple Heart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 12 Purple Heart From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to Purple Heart those wounded or killed, while serving, on or after April 5, 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth, the Purple Heart is the oldest military award still given to U.S. military members; the only earlier award being the obsolete Fidelity Medallion. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York. Contents ◾ 1 History ◾ 2 Criteria Purple Heart ◾ 3 Appearance Awarded by United States Armed Forces ◾ 4 Devices Type Military medal (Decoration) ◾ 5 Presentation Eligibility Military personnel ◾ 6 Requests Awarded for "Being wounded or killed in any action against an enemy of the ◾ 6.1 Retroactive requests United States or as a result of an ◾ 6.2 Destroyed record requests act of any such enemy or ◾ 7 Notable recipients opposing armed forces" ◾ 7.1 Most Purple Heart awards Status Currently awarded ◾ 8 In popular culture Statistics ◾ 9 See also First awarded February 22, 1932 Total awarded Approximately 1,910,162 (as of ◾ 10 References 5 June 2010) [1] ◾ 11 External links Precedence Next (higher) Bronze Star Medal [2] History Next (lower) Defense Meritorious Service Medal [2] The original Purple Heart, designated as the Badge of Military Merit, was established by George Washington—then the commander-in-chief of the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Heart 6/ 17/ 2014 Purple Heart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 12 Continental Army – by order from his Newburgh, New York headquarters on August 7, 1782. -
EXTENSIONS of REMARKS November 10, 1993 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
29012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 10, 1993 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WELFARE REFORM Today, either through ignorance or apathy, sponsored by a Democrat, African-American parents are failing to get their children immu Assemblyman, adopted by New Jersey's HON. MARGE ROUKEMA nized, making these children the victims. The Democratic legislature, and signed into law by OF NEW JERSEY Roukema amendment requires that parents, in a Democratic Governor. The Bush administra IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES order to qualify for AFDC benefits, must have tion gave Federal approval to this provision their children properly immunized and up to last year. This was a key component of New Wednesday, November 10, 1993 date on the vaccinations. My amendment Jersey's pioneering welfare reform package of Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased makes State compliance mandatory. 2 years ago, and garnered national attention. to join with over 150 of my Republican col In addition, our bill requires that day care Perhaps most important, earlier this week, leagues this morning in introducing com and child care centers which receive Federal New Jersey's welfare administration reported prehensive welfare reform legislation. moneys must certify that these same immuni that in the first 2 months of this program, preg The legislation we introduce today address zation requirements are met before enrolling a nancies among welfare mothers decreased 18 es the central crisis of our welfare system; child. percent. This fact alone indicates that these namely, that welfare was intended to be a For generations we have taken this ap provisions must be included in any full-scale temporary safety net-not a perpetual web of proach in requiring immunizations for school reform that comes before the House of Rep dependency.