Old Icelandic Gná
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An Investigation of the Kennings in Ragnarsdrápa and Øxarflokkr
Universitet i Oslo, Fall 2013 Exploring the Emotive versus the Scholarly: an Investigation of the Kennings in Ragnarsdrápa and Øxarflokkr By Sydney A. Krell Guidance: Mikael Males Master Thesis in Nordic Viking and Medieval Culture Summary The poetry of Bragi inn Gamli and Einarr Skúlason has been thoroughly studied by many Old Norse scholars, but never directly in comparison to one another. This paper will investigate the nuances of each author’s verse, specifically regarding the way in which they utilize kennings, and draw conclusions based upon their similarities and differences. Both Bragi and Einarr composed within the same language, geographical area, and poetic tradition; they used similar kenning types that evolve from pagan imagery; and each describes a precious weapon given to them by a ruler whom they praise via a traditional skaldic long style poem. However, they could not be more different. This is due to the fact that Einarr’s kennings are meant to show his scholastic prowess, and Bragi’s are meant to affect his audience and move his plot based verse forward. The poetry of Bragi Boddason makes use of pagan mythology, ekphrasis, nýgerving, ofljóst and metaphors in the form of kennings, just as the poetry of Einarr Skúlason does. And yet the poems differ so greatly. Bragi’s kennings are meant to affect his audience on an emotional level, whereas Einarr’s are meant to impress on a scholarly level. Each author accomplishes magnificent prose, but with different expectations and outcomes achieved. 1 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor Mikael Males for his support, useful comments, encouragement and guidance throughout the process of writing my master thesis. -
Gylfaginning Codex Regius, F
Snorri Sturluson Edda Prologue and Gylfaginning Codex Regius, f. 7v (reduced) (see pp. 26/34–28/1) Snorri Sturluson Edda Prologue and Gylfaginning Edited by ANTHONY FAULKES SECOND EDITION VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 2005 © Anthony Faulkes 1982/2005 Second Edition 2005 First published by Oxford University Press in 1982 Reissued by Viking Society for Northern Research 1988, 2000 Reprinted 2011 ISBN 978 0 903521 64 2 Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter Contents Codex Regius, fol. 7v ..........................................................Frontispiece Abbreviated references ....................................................................... vii Introduction ..........................................................................................xi Synopsis ..........................................................................................xi The author ..................................................................................... xii The title ....................................................................................... xvii The contents of Snorri’s Edda ................................................... xviii Models and sources ........................................................................ xx Manuscripts .............................................................................. xxviii Bibliography ...............................................................................xxxi Text ....................................................................................................... -
The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R
Gettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives. -
RMN Newsletter 8 2014
The Retrospective Methods Network Newsletter May 2014 № 8 Edited by Frog Helen F. Leslie and Joseph S. Hopkins Published by Folklore Studies / Dept. of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies University of Helsinki, Helsinki 1 RMN Newsletter is a medium of contact and communication for members of the Retrospective Methods Network (RMN). The RMN is an open network which can include anyone who wishes to share in its focus. It is united by an interest in the problems, approaches, strategies and limitations related to considering some aspect of culture in one period through evidence from another, later period. Such comparisons range from investigating historical relationships to the utility of analogical parallels, and from comparisons across centuries to developing working models for the more immediate traditions behind limited sources. RMN Newsletter sets out to provide a venue and emergent discourse space in which individual scholars can discuss and engage in vital cross- disciplinary dialogue, present reports and announcements of their own current activities, and where information about events, projects and institutions is made available. RMN Newsletter is edited by Frog, Helen F. Leslie and Joseph S. Hopkins, published by Folklore Studies / Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies University of Helsinki PO Box 59 (Unioninkatu 38 A) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland The open-access electronic edition of this publication is available on-line at: http://www.helsinki.fi/folkloristiikka/English/RMN/ © 2014, the authors ISSN 2324-0636 (print) ISSN 1799-4497 (electronic) All scientific articles in this journal have been subject to peer review. 2 Contents Editor’s Note ....................................................................................................................................... -
Prose Edda Part 2: Pp. 35- 70 XVIII. Then Said Gangleri
Prose Edda Part 2: pp. 35- 70 XVIII. Then said Gangleri: "Whence comes the wind? It is strong, so that it stirs great seas, and it swells fire; but, strong as it is, none may see it, for it is wonderfully shapen." Then said Hárr: "That I am well able to tell thee. At the northward end of heaven sits the giant called Hræsvelgr: he has the plumes of an eagle, and when he stretches his wings for flight, then the wind rises from under his wings, as is here said: Hræsvelgr hight he | who sits at heaven's ending, Giant in eagle's coat; From his wings, they say, | the wind cometh All men-folk over." XIX. Then said Gangleri: "Why is there so much difference, that summer should be hot, but winter cold?" Hárr answered: "A wise man would not ask thus, seeing that all are able to tell this; but if thou alone art become-so slight of understanding as not to have heard it, then I will yet permit that thou shouldst rather ask foolishly once, than that thou shouldst be kept longer in ignorance of a thing which it is proper to know. He is called Svásudr[Delightful.] who is father of Summer; and he is of pleasant nature, so that from his name whatsoever is pleasant is {p. 33} But the father of Winter is variously called Vindljóni[Wind-bringer] or Vindsvalr;[ Wind-chill] he is the son of Vásadr;[3] and these were kinsmen grim and chilly-breasted, and Winter has their temper." XX. -
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD the Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD The Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P The image of a giant sword mel� ng stands at the structural and thema� c heart of the Old ETTIT Celestial Myth in Beowulf English heroic poem Beowulf. This me� culously researched book inves� gates the nature and signifi cance of this golden-hilted weapon and its likely rela� ves within Beowulf and beyond, drawing on the fi elds of Old English and Old Norse language and literature, liturgy, archaeology, astronomy, folklore and compara� ve mythology. In Part I, Pe� t explores the complex of connota� ons surrounding this image (from icicles to candles and crosses) by examining a range of medieval sources, and argues that the giant sword may func� on as a visual mo� f in which pre-Chris� an Germanic concepts and prominent Chris� an symbols coalesce. In Part II, Pe� t inves� gates the broader Germanic background to this image, especially in rela� on to the god Ing/Yngvi-Freyr, and explores the capacity of myths to recur and endure across � me. Drawing on an eclec� c range of narra� ve and linguis� c evidence from Northern European texts, and on archaeological discoveries, Pe� t suggests that the T image of the giant sword, and the characters and events associated with it, may refl ect HE an elemental struggle between the sun and the moon, ar� culated through an underlying W myth about the the� and repossession of sunlight. ANING The Waning Sword: Conversion Imagery and Celesti al Myth in Beowulf is a welcome contribu� on to the overlapping fi elds of Beowulf-scholarship, Old Norse-Icelandic literature and Germanic philology. -
Le Seiðr Des Anciens Scandinaves Et Le Noaidevuohta Des Sâmes : Aspects Chamaniques Et Influences Mutuelles
Le seiðr des anciens Scandinaves et le noaidevuohta des Sâmes : aspects chamaniques et influences mutuelles Céline Leduc Thèse soumise à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales dans le cadre des exigences du programme de doctorat en philosophie en Sciences des religions Département des Études anciennes et des Sciences des religions Faculté des Arts Université d’Ottawa © Céline Leduc, Ottawa, Canada, 2015 Résumé La thèse analyse le rituel du seiðr (pratique utilisée entre autres pour la divination, la guérison et la guerre sur des plans surnaturels) des anciens Scandinaves et celui du noaidevuohta (rituel chamanique pratiqué par les Sâmes) chez les Sâmes. Le seiðr était pratiqué surtout par des femmes qui se déplaçaient d’une ferme à l’autre. Il était directement lié au dieu Óðinn, tel que décrit dans l’Ynglinga saga. Quant au noaidevuohta, apparemment l’apanage des hommes, il participait au complexe circumpolaire des chasseurs/éleveurs du renne ou du caribou. Les deux complexes rituels ont été intégrés dans leur culture respective, tout en possèdant des différences. Il est impossible, dans l’état actuel de la recherche, de déterminer s’il y a eu des emprunts de part et d’autre. Selon les conclusions de nos recherches, les deux rituels sont de nature chamanique, s’inscrivant au nouveau paradigme circumpolaire des études contemporaines. En revanche, il n’existe pas de consensus au sujet de la nature chamanique ou non, ni au sujet de l’origine, des rituels en question. Il y a très peu de recherches en langue française sur le sujet, la majorité des études ont été réalisées en langue anglaise ou dans des langues scandinaves. -
The Prose Edda
The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturlson Translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur [1916] The Prose Edda is a text on Old Norse Poetics, written about 1200 by the Norwegian poet and politican Snorri Sturlson, who also wrote the Heimskringla. The Prose Edda contains a wide variety of lore which a Skald (poet) of the time would need to know. The text is of interest to modern readers because it contains consistent narratives of many of the plot lines of Norse mythology. Although Snorri was a Christian, he treated the ancient Pagan mythology with great respect. To this end, Snorri created a quasi-historical backstory for the Norse Gods. Hence the Prose Edda is of interest because it contains one of the first attempts to devise a rational explanation for mythological and legendary events. It is also notable because it contains fragments of a number of manusripts which Snorri had access to, but which are now lost. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ix PROLOGUE 1 GYLFAGINNING 11 SKÁLDSKAPARMAL 87 INDEX 243 {p. ix} INTRODUCTION THE life of Snorri Sturluson fell in a great but contradictory age, when all that was noble and spiritual in men seemed to promise social regeneration, and when bloody crimes and sordid ambitions gave this hope the lie. Not less than the rest of Europe, Scandinavia shared in the bitter conflict between the law of the spirit and the law of the members. The North, like England and the Continent, felt the religious fervor of the Crusades, passed from potential anarchy into union and national consciousness, experienced a literary and spiritual revival, and suffered the fury of persecution and of fratricidal war. -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
Mardo˛Ll Mardo˛Ll
C live live The Tears of T olley Mardo˛ l l The Tears of Why does Bella What is Mardo˛ll have strange the ancient nightmares – stone archway of a dragon that Victor digs up and a terrifying in his back garden? king on a throne, And what does cursing his daughter the secret message to everlasting sleep? carved in runes say? The children try to solve the riddle of the runes. And then the ravens, circling round in Bella’s dreams, settle on the archway, beckoning the children to walk through. Clive Word & Page Tolley OK, it’s not an academic work, but a novel based on Norse myths and legends. Let’s see if I can get away with advertising it here! The Tears of Mardo˛ll The Tears of Mardo˛ll A Saga of Ancient Days Clive Tolley Word & Page First published in England in 2019 by Word and Page 45 Lime Grove Hoole, Chester CH2 3HW United Kingdom publications.wordandpage.co.uk [email protected] No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. The right of Clive Tolley to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2019 Clive Tolley ISBN 978-1-9161314-0-8 Cover design by Clive Tolley Typeset by Word & Page, Chester, UK Freyja (Lady) is honoured alongside Frigg (Óðinn’s wife). -
Viking Heritage 1-2002
VV king king HeritageHeritagemagazine 1/2002 DESTINATION DESTINATION VIKING VIKING NORTH SEA BALTIC SEA Viking Heritage Magazine 1/02 IN THIS ISSUE Glimpses of Viking-Age women in runic Editorial inscriptions 3–6 Here at Viking Heritage we often get the question "What was the Freyja – a goddess of love and war 7–8 role of women in the Viking Age?" This is not surprising, because Images of Women and Femininity on when studying the Vikings usually only men are seen; the strong, Gotlandic Picture Stones 9–11 wild seafarers and warriors remain at the forefront. But half of the Report from the Viking Project in Ale population, the women, are harder to catch a glimpse of, their County, Sweden 11 conditions of life are in shadow. In this first issue of the year, we Where have all the Vikings gone… are happy to present you with some very interesting articles that CCC-Paper 12–14 will discuss and shed some light in these otherwise quite hidden The woman on the wagon – Pagan corners of the Viking Age. Scandinavian burials in a Christian perspective CCC-Paper 15–18 The second theme of this issue deals with the time of transition The Gotlandic farm – a history of 2000 years CCC-Paper 19–21 when the Viking Age meets the European Middle Ages and what this meeting brings forth. This is a time of great change that also Vasalles or seniores? The old nobility and new power structures in post- includes a new view of women - and men! conquest Estonia CCC-Paper 22–24 Viking Longboat Races 2001 – World For the new year, Viking Heritage intends to go on making -
PRESENTED BY: MAJD ALIA 11 GRADE Date:15/10/2015
A research about: SCANDINAVIAN MYTHOLOGY PRESENTED BY: MAJD ALIA 11th GRADE Date:15/10/2015 SUPERVISED BY: HIBA ABOOD INDEX 1) INDEX 1 2) INTRODUCTION 2 3) THE VIKINGS - A NATION OF GREAT WARRIORS 3 4) THE CREATION 6 5) THE NINE WORLDS 9 6) THE MIGHTY GODS 17 7) CONCLUSION 19 8) REFERNCES INDEX 21 9) PICTUERS INDEX 23 INTRODUCTION he Scandinavian mythology or the Norse mythology (its common name) is one of the greatest myths among the history of the T European nations according to the large area it spread in, the civilizations that believed in it and the accomplishments of the ones who believed in it and got motivated by its precepts. The Vikings and the people of Germania had an unusual believing and had an alternative way to imagine the universe. So how did it impact their culture, habits and life? The mythology spread all over Europe and other regions from green land to eastern Europe so how come and why that happened? How did they imagine the genesis and how was it so reasonable that all of them believed in it? And was it just a myth or an entire religion? THE VIKINGS- A NATION OF GREAT WARRIORS Who were the Vikings? The Viking are the people from the northern countries of the Scandinavia which includes: Norway, Denmark and Sweden, and that is why they were called the Norse men, as they are from the north. These people were religious and practiced Asatru* as their form of religion. The Norse people comprised of different kinds of people who were farmers, merchant, craftsmen, arts men and warriors.