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Femmes Juives leREVUE MENSUELLE shofar DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ ISRAÉLITE LIBÉRALE DE BELGIQUE N° d’agréation P401058 DÉCEMBRE 2013 - N°349 / TEVET 5774 SYNAGOGUE BETH HILLEL BRUXELLES FEMMES JUIVES Le Shofar est édité par la COMMUNAUTÉ ISRAÉLITE LIBÉRALE N°349 DÉCEMBRE 2013 DE BELGIQUE A.S.B.L. TEVET 5774 N° d’entreprise : 408.710.191 N° d’agréation P401058 Synagogue Beth Hillel REVUE MENSUELLE DE LA 80, rue des Primeurs COMMUNAUTÉ ISRAÉLITE B-1190 Bruxelles LIBÉRALE DE BELGIQUE Tél. 02 332 25 28 Fax 02 376 72 19 EDITEUR RESPONSABLE : www.beth-hillel.org Gilbert Lederman [email protected] CBC 192-5133742-59 REDACTEUR EN CHEF : IBAN : BE84 1925 1337 4259 Luc Bourgeois BIC : CREGBEBB SECRÉTAIRE DE RÉDACTION : RABBIN : Rabbi Marc Neiger Yardenah Presler RABBIN HONORAIRE : COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION : Rabbi Abraham Dahan Rabbi Marc Neiger, Gilbert Lederman, DIRECTEUR: Luc Bourgeois Isabelle Telerman, Luc Bourgeois PRÉSIDENT HONORAIRE : Ont participé à ce numéro du Shofar : Paul Gérard Ebstein z"l Catherine Danelski-Neiger, Anne De Potter, Leah Pascale CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION : Engelmann, Annie Szwertag, Gaëlle Gilbert Lederman (Président), Myriam Szyffer, David Zilberberg Abraham, Gary Cohen, Anne De Potter, Nathan Estenne, Ephraïm Fischgrund, MISE EN PAGE : Josiane Goldschmidt, Gilbert Leder- inextremis.be man, Willy Pomeranc, Gaëlle Szyffer, Elie Vulfs, Pieter Van Cauwenberge, ILLUSTRATION COUVERTURE : Jacqueline Wiener-Henrion Old Jewish woman, ca. 1880 Meijer de Haan Les textes publiés n’engagent que leurs auteurs. Sommaire EDITORIAL 5 Femmes juives (Luc Bourgeois, Rédacteur en chef) LE MOT DU PRÉSIDENT 8 Tu n’es pas obligé d’achever le travail, mais tu n’es pas libre de t’y soustraire (Gilbert Lederman, Président du Conseil d’Administration de Beth Hillel) FEMMES JUIVES 5 9 Masculin et féminin Il les créa (Rabbi Marc Neiger) 17 Les femmes du Mur (Leah Pascale Engelmann) 22 Rachel et Leah (Catherine Danelski-Neiger) IN MEMORIAM 27 Paul Gérard Ebstein (Gilbert Lederman) 27 29 CARNET - REMERCIEMENTS 30 AGENDA FEMMES JUIVES 33 Portraits de femmes juives ou « Quelles valeurs transmettre aux futures Bnot Mitzva ? » (Annie Szwertag) NOS BNÉ MITZVA 37 Deracha de David Zylberberg 33 FEMMES JUIVES 41 Viviane Teitelbaum (interview par Anne De Potter) ETUDES 45 Tu ne prononceras pas (Rabbi Marc Neiger) FEMMES JUIVES 51 Femme et juive (Gaëlle Szyffer) VIE COMMUNAUTAIRE 41 53 Du côté du Bikour Holim (Regina Goldfarb) À VOUS DE VOIR 54 Une sélection de films proposés (IMAJ) ÉDITORIAL le shofar Femmes juives par Luc Bourgeois La période de Hanouka se termine : l’his- Sarah qui mène Abraham à avoir un enfant toire d’une lumière que les barbaries, l’inté- avec Hagar, et plus tard à chasser Ishmaël gration, l’assimilation et la dilution ne sont et Hagar quand la cohabitation devient trop pas arrivées à éteindre, histoire toujours difficile. recommencée du peuple juif qui survit aux empires et aux conquêtes des nations. Rivkah qui favorise par un subterfuge Histoire également militaire, même si en Yaakov, son petit préféré, au détriment général ce n’est pas sur ce point que l’ac- d’Essaü. cent est mis. Une poignée de Juifs, sous la conduite de Yehuda Macchabé, délivre Myriam, Deborah, Esther, Judith, … tant le temple ; en le nettoyant, on découvre la de figures féminines qui ont marqué notre fiole d’huile qui permettra au miracle de histoire et notre tradition. s’accomplir : un jour de combustible pour huit jours de lumière. Plus proche de nous, Beruria, la femme qui 5 a étudié et qui apporte des réponses – ou Certains historiens datent de la même des questions – qui sont autant de pistes de époque l’histoire de Judith : les Juifs réponses. Les filles de Rachi, que leur père sont menacés à leurs frontières par les – qui n’avait pas de fils – a fait étudier pour troupes de Nabuchodonosor II conduits le que le lien ne soit pas rompu. par Holopherne. Judith, jeune veuve, pro- pose aux anciens de la ville, de la délivrer Golda Meïr dont le cœur de femme et de du blocus que lui font subir les assiégeurs. mère éclaire les décisions politiques souvent Elle s’introduit dans le camp d’Holopherne très dures qu’elle doit prendre. à qui elle annonce qu’elle va lui fournir le secret pour enfin conquérir la ville. Elle se Depuis 25 ans, Anat Hoffman, et toutes les retrouve seule avec lui et lui tranche la tête. femmes qui l’accompagnent, se bat sur le Les ennemis, effrayés, s’enfuient. plan politique et religieux, mais aussi sur le terrain pour que les femmes aient le droit Notre tradition regorge de ces femmes de prier comme les hommes au Kotel, d’y fortes, pleines d’initiative et qui ne reculent porter le talit et les téfilin et d’y lire dans la devant rien pour sauver notre peuple ou Torah. Le 9 novembre dernier, Beth Hillel a les leurs. marqué cet anniversaire et des femmes de notre communauté ont mené l’office de cha- Eve dont la curiosité amène Adam à goûter harit et ont lu pour nous la paracha Vayetzé. du fruit défendu de la connaissance du bien et du mal : péché originel ou ouverture vers Longtemps, les femmes juives n’ont pas le vaste monde et son infini ? reçu la place et la reconnaissance qui leur ÉDITORIAL reviennent dans la vie profane et dans la retrouverez ici ce texte à propos de femmes vie religieuse. lu et commenté par une femme. Ce Shofar veut réparer cette injustice Il y a un mois, s’éteignait Paul Gérard et vous présenter la vision du judaïsme Ebstein, le Président Honoraire de notre libéral à propos de la femme juive ainsi synagogue. Avec quelques autres pères que quelques portraits de femmes juives fondateurs de Beth Hillel, Paul Gérard a qui ont compté ou qui comptent encore construit Beth Hillel à partir de rien. Il a aujourd’hui. présidé pour nous à la construction de nos deux synagogues (Kersbeek et Primeurs). Le thème est tellement vaste qu’il reviendra Il a aussi été la mémoire de Beth Hillel dont encore fréquemment dans les prochaines il conservait de très précieuses archives. éditions de votre Shofar. Déroutant pour ceux qui ne le connais- saient pas, son abord parfois sévère cachait Dans son Mot du Président, Gilbert un cœur immense, un humour surprenant Lederman, Président du Conseil d’Admi- et une énergie sans fin pour notre com- nistration de Beth Hillel, nous rappelle munauté. Nous publions ici les mots qu’a que le calendrier avance à grands pas et prononcés Gilbert Lederman à l’occasion que Beth Hillel va bientôt fêter son jubilé. de ses funérailles. L’occasion de retracer l’historique de notre 6 communauté, la première qui, en Belgique, Annie Szwertag a longtemps enseigné à a consacré l’égalité de droits et de devoirs l’école Beth Aviv, et transmet aujourd’hui entre hommes et femmes dans la syna- encore aux jeunes filles en âge de Bat Mitzva gogue, et de faire appel à toutes les bonnes les valeurs et la mémoire du Judaïsme à tra- volontés pour les très nombreuses activités vers l’histoire de grandes figures féminines qui permettent à Beth Hillel de vivre, de juives. Elle nous présente ici sa méthode et s’épanouir et d’accueillir un nombre crois- les femmes remarquables dont elle raconte sant de familles. l’histoire aux jeunes filles. Notre rabbin, Marc Neiger retrace pour Lors de sa Bar Mitzva, David Zylberberg nous l’histoire et l’évolution de la position nous a étonnés par sa lecture approfondie de la femme juive à travers nos textes fon- et nouvelle de la paracha Béréchit, une très dateurs, la Torah écrite et la Torah orale. belle deracha que nous vous proposons de lire et méditer pour une paracha qui est Ensuite, Leah Engelmann résume pour l’une des plus commentées. Des mots justes nous le mouvement de conscience et de et aussi très émouvants. revendication des Femmes du Mur (WOW, Women Of the Wall) sous la conduite d’Anat Toujours au cœur de l’action, Viviane Hoffman. Teitelbaum, membre, entre autres, du Parlement Bruxellois, est très attentive à la Lors de notre office « WOW » du 9 novembre condition des femmes chez nous et ailleurs. dernier, Catherine Danelski-Neiger a com- Anne De Potter l’a rencontrée et nous livre menté la paracha Vayetze et l’a éclairée ici l’interview d’une femme de conviction, sous un jour peu conventionnel. Vous lucide et toujours sur la brèche. le shofar À l’occasion de Yom Kippour, notre rab- par sa présence, son savoir et son action bin Marc Neiger a prononcé un discours pour notre communauté et pour le monde profond et complexe : une relecture de son juif bruxellois. texte nous permet de mieux en comprendre la progression et les implications parfois IMAJ, l’Institut de la Mémoire Audiovisuelle surprenantes de l’interdiction prononcer Juive, nous a fourni une sélection de films le nom divin. (DVD’s) qui traitent du thème des femmes juives : une autre manière d’aborder la Et nous concluons cette première série question et qui convient bien aux soirées d’articles à propos des femmes juives par d’hiver qui arrivent. ■ le point de vue et le vécu de Gaëlle Szyffer : une femme de Beth Hillel qui revendique Bonne lecture, haut et clair son judaïsme et sa féminité, Hanouka Sameah et qui occupe une place très importante et bonnes fêtes de fin d’année. 7 Chaussures Hommes - Femmes - Enfants Laurence & Laurent Achenberg Rue des Tongres 18 - 1040 Bruxelles - Tél : 02/733.09.75 LE MOT DU PRÉSIDENT EXÉCUTIF Tu n’es pas obligé d’achever le travail, mais tu n’es pas libre de t’y soustraire par Gilbert Lederman, Président du Conseil d’Administration Selon le philosophe Emmanuel Levinas, que de nouveaux bénévoles rejoignent la responsabilité de l’être n’est pas qu’in- nos comités.
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