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All Our Relations Praise for All Our Relations “A brilliant, gripping narrative ... I urge that everyone read [All Our Relations] ... which describes the ravages of corporations and government activity on the reservations of our first natives. This is a beautifully written book.... As Winona LaDuke describes, in moving and often beautiful prose, [these] misdeeds are not distant history but are ongoing degradation of the cherished lands of Native Americans.” —Ralph Nader “As Winona LaDuke’s All Our Relations shows, a vital Native American environmentalism is linking indigenous peoples throughout North America and Hawaii in the fight to protect and restore their health, culture, and the ecosystems on their lands. LaDuke herself is a member of the Anishinaabeg nation and was Ralph Nader’s Green Party running mate in 1996. These Native American activists take inspiration from their forebears’ responsible treatment of natural systems, based on a reverence for the interconnectedness of all life forms.” —The Nation “In this thoroughly researched and convincingly written analysis of Native American culture ... LaDuke demonstrates the manners in which native peoples face a constant barrage of attacks that threaten their very existence.” —Choice “[LaDuke presents] strong voices of old, old cultures bravely trying to make sense of an Earth in chaos.” —Whole Earth “With a good ear and sharp eye, LaDuke introduces us to Native activists and records gross environmental abuse and creative resistence. By placing people in the center of the industrial soup, LaDuke tells a story that has not been told before in this way.” —Radcliffe Quarterly “A rare perspective on Native history and culture.” —Sister to Sister “LaDuke unabashedly confronts spiritual and political grassroots missions with a tenacity that, as she explains, springs up from devotion to the land.” —City Pages “A thoughtful, candid, in-depth account of Native resistance to environmental and cultural degradation ... LaDuke provides a unique understanding of Native ideas ... offering a beautiful and daring vision of political, spiritual ... transformation.” —Midwest Book Review “LaDuke presents an unblinking review of the history of the toxic invasion of Native America by corporations and their supporting politicians ... The book is a record of the long, tedious, disheartening, but stubborn struggle of Native Americans.” —The Diversity Factor “All Our Relations is a wonderful read, and an important book — both for telling a story of plunder and exploitation too often forgotten, and because, as LaDuke notes, ‘it is really about America.’” —Focus on the Corporation “LaDuke offers a jolt of reality ... In her eloquent new book ... LaDuke documents the historic — and ongoing — process of Native American dispossession.” —ZNet © 1999 Winona LaDuke First published 1999 by South End Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cover art, “The Turtle,” by Ojibwa artist Joe Geshick Maps by Zoltan Grossman of the Midwest Treaty Network in Madison, Wisconsin. www.treaty.indigenousnative.org. This edition published in 2015 by Haymarket Books P.O. Box 180165 Chicago, IL 60618 773-583-7884 www.haymarketbooks.org [email protected] ISBN: 978-1-60846-661-0 Trade distribution: In the US, Consortium Book Sales and Distribution, www.cbsd.com In Canada, Publishers Group Canada, www.pgcbooks.ca In the UK, Turnaround Publisher Services, www.turnaround-uk.com All other countries, Publishers Group Worldwide, www.pgw.com This book was published with the generous support of Lannan Foundation and Wallace Action Fund. About the Cover Art: “The Turtle” was created to honor the Earth: Turtle Island. The turtle is a geat healer and teacher on our spiritual journey. Its pace reminds us to slow down and pay attention as we interact with the world. The turtle shows us everything we need is always within us. The spiritual journey results when our inner life connects with out outer surroundings. Our goal is to find the balance and live with the tension between social turbulence (the red rocks) and serenity (the open sky). —Joe Geshick Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Introduction The Toxic Invasion of Native America The Descendants of Little Thunder White Earth 1. Akwesasne: Mohawk Mothers’ Milk and PCBs The Mohawk Legacy Industry Takes Over PCB Contamination at Akwesasne The Mothers’ Milk Project GM Goes Global The Great Law of Peace and Good Mind 2. Seminoles: At the Heart of the Everglades The Seminole Wars The Land The Animals The Reservation and the Village The Seminole Tribe of Florida, Inc. The Independent Traditional Seminole Nation The Panther and the Seminoles The Panther Reservations The People and the Ceremony 3. Nitassinan: The Hunter and the Peasant The Peasants and the Hunters The Military and the Bombs Shutting Down the Runway The Liberation from Legal Colonialism Dams James Bay Dams Voisey’s Bay Davis Inlet: The Future for the Environmental Refugees Bloodties 4. Northern Cheyenne: A Fire in the Coal Fields The Beautiful People The Indian Wars: Land and Gold Dull Knife’s Band Coming Home to the Coal Fields The Northern Cheyenne and AMAX Economic Justice and Ethnostress Return to High School 5. Nuclear Waste: Dumping on the Indians The Nevada Test Site and the Western Shoshone Pressures Build to Dump on the Indians Grassy Narrows Resisting the MRS Program A Private Initiative in the Goshutes Prairie Island Yucca Mountain The Need for Alternatives 6. White Earth: A Lifeway in the Forest Gitchimookomaanag, the White Man White Earth: The Appropriation of a Homeland The Land Struggle Continues The White Earth Land Settlement Act Extra-Territorial Treaty Rights White Earth Land Recovery Project Noopiming: In the Woods Gaa-Noodin-Oke: The Windmaker Noojwiijigamigishkawajig: Finding Neighbors (Friends) Minobimaatisiiwin: The Good Life 7. Buffalo Nations, Buffalo Peoples Buffalo and Prairie Ecosystems Land Grabbing and Buffalo Killing The Buffalo Are Prairie Makers Community Health and Buffalo The Wild Herds: Wood Buffalo and Yellowstone The Yellowstone Herd Healing the Community, Healing the Buffalo Nation Buffalo Commons Cowboys and Indians One Hundred Years Later Pte Oyate: The Buffalo Nation Braids of a Grandmother’s Hair “Bringing Back the Way” 8. Hawai’i: The Birth of Land and Its Preservation by the Hands of the People The Birth of Land The Haole Arrival The Militarization of the Pacific Kaho’o’lawe Endangered Ecosystems and Voyeuristic Vacations Birthing a Nation Curating a Temple 9. NativeSUN: Determining a Future The Energy Crisis Colonialism and Self-Reliance Alternative Energy and the Future 10. The Seventh Generation Rethinking the Constitution Notes Index About the Author About Honor the Earth About South End Press Acknowledgements In my life, I have had the honor of meeting and working with a great number of courageous, visionary, and good hearted people. Their struggles to preserve that which they value, to live in dignity, and to ensure that a good way of life is passed to their descendants have been a constant source of inspiration. Some of these people I attempt to honor with my words in this book. I hope I do so with some integrity. Others remain constant fires in their homelands, in our memories, and in our hearts. Some include: Phillip Deere, Bill Wapepah, Arlene Logan; Janet McCloud, my parents, Betty and Peter LaDuke Westigard, Helen Bernstein, Vincent LaDuke, Terri LaDuke, Anne Dunn, Priscilla Settee, Agnes Williams, Cecilia Rodriguez, Cynthia Perez, Lorna Hanes, Lisa Jackson, Sharon Asetoyer, Mililani Trask, Luana Busby, Paul Bogart, and others who love me and support me with unwavering patience. For their spiritual guidance to our community, Tommy Stillday and Eddie Benton Benai. Special thanks to Jose Barriero who first published my writings, Jimmie Durham, John Redhouse, Mark Tilsen, Ward Churchill, Paul DeMain, Sluggo, Rory O’Connor, and others who urged me to continue writing. To Carrie Dann, Roberta Blackgoat, Suzanna Santos, Margaret Flint Knife Saluskin, Ted Strong, Tom Goldtooth, Louise Erdrich, Ralph Nader, and many others for their tenacity and the light that shines through us all. And especially Faye Brown, Kevin Gasco, Nilak Butler, Lori Pourier, Amy Ray, Emily Saliers, and my WELRP staff: Donna Cahill, Florence Goodman, Ronnie Chilton, Pat Wichem, Juanita Lindsay, Robynne Carter, and Joanne Mulbah, and my children, for all their work, love, and beauty. This book is theirs too. Finally, deep appreciation to Idelisse Malve and the Tides Foundation for their generous support, which allowed Honor the Earth to co-publish this book. And miigwech to Sonia Shah at South End Press for her patience, good eye, and commitment, and to Allison Garber, the footnote queen. Dedicated to three fine friends who now live in the spirit world. Ingrid Washinawatok-El Issa, who resonated the sun in her warmth and love; Walt Bresette, who like the North Star, showed a clear path; and Marsha Gomez, whose hands were the Earth. And to those yet unborn. Introduction We are a part of everything that is beneath us, above us, and around us. Our past is our present, our present is our future, and our future is seven generations past and present. —Haudenosaunee teaching he last 150 years have seen a great holocaust. There have been more species lost in the past 150 years than since the Ice Age. During the same time, Indigenous peoples have been disappearing from the face of the earth. Over 2,000 nations of Indigenous peoples have Tgone extinct in the western hemisphere, and one nation disappears from the Amazon rainforest every year. There is a direct relationship between the loss of cultural diversity and the loss of biodiversity. Wherever Indigenous peoples still remain, there is also a corresponding enclave of biodiversity. Trickles of rivers still running in the Northwest are home to the salmon still being sung back by Native people. The last few Florida panthers remain in the presence of traditional Seminoles, hidden away in the great cypress swamps of the Everglades.
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