High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics

SLAC-392

SLAC WORKSHOP on HIGH ENERGY ELECTROPRODUCTION AND SPIN PHYSICS

February 5 - 8, 1992

Prepared for the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00515

STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER Stanford University • Stanford, California DiSTr ijIijr.'ON Of 7fii» DOCUMENT !S UNUMiTEC This document and the material and data contained therein, was devel oped under sponsorship of the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Department of Energy, nor the Leland Stanford Junior University, nor their employees, nor their respective contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or im plied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for accuracy, complete ness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use will not infringe privately-owned rights. Mention of any product, its manufacturer, or suppliers shall not, nor is it intended to, imply approval, disapproval, or fitness for any particular use. A royalty-free, nonexclusive right to use and dis seminate same for any purpose whatsoever, is expressly reserved to the United States and the University.

2/80 SLAC--3 92

DE92 011077

SLAC WORKSHOP on HIGH ENERGY ELECTROPRODUCTION AND SPIN PHYSICS

February 5 - 8, 1992 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford CA 94309

Prepared for the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00515 _.

Printed in the United States of America. Available from the National Technical ilJjsV • ™" Information Service. U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,Springfield, Virginia 22161 ;K PREFACE 2. Hnvv many f|'i.irk.'- and 'o: I*IIII>II=. p.irttf'ipnle m p,»rti* isl.ir reaction'; ai Iiu-h eneri'.j"

1 ,). \\ fi,tl i ,u:ii'' ;;I.- ijtji ]eiyii ,s|)j[| the V,\[i in, r (L'l.uk -. th<- un-i)n iriark).. the These IVoc-c^dtriiis wuin ono<« M the traw-parciKies prt'scEitrn1 ai the Work shop on High Energy Elect rupruduct ion and Spin Physirs held a-t SI AC on Febru ary 5-3. 19(J2. The purpose of this Workshop WH to bring, people together lu discuss •I Wliat lupin-ii-. to thr liu.--l»-ori fragment;, after a hard colhrHvn*' the possibilities for new experiment* u;ing the SI.AC ni^b intensity electron and i (("«.' doe^ tli- imr |-'ar nifliiiiinharifie 'he answer* to any ijf these question!.'' photon beams and the facilities of End Station .4 These iiur>lii>ji- ate all interrelated, and t|i- anvm-r* will only come from the- Recent development* made this an opportune time fur such A workshop. The combined evidence frrmi many different rn«lA.4ure«x-iil*i. Wruti ^wÂv-il \»is Work primary motivation was the increasing interest in the piiysirs of tjL'D structure shop IN the grmvini; understanding in the ph.i'.icv community that thf facilities* at of nue'eons ai:d nuclei for which the SLAC beam and experimental facilities are ?!.AC ntfef the id-.u liKih i"t studying lh*-.e is.ue- The primary advantage nf the ideal tools. Much i* known &hciui tin- quark structure of rmck-ons after more FI.AC is the av;ulaUi.t> ,-if vcry Jngli inler.-Jlj br,ims (.u.il aLo sotiti high elect;.in than 25 years ' well the basic features of tin- quark and gluun momentum knuw from A Uaaf hudy uf d;ita. tlat \\\ \\»- region bt*:wwn a few OV and a f.-w distributions. The flavor structure has been partially n:aj>jjcd out with neutrino tens of (JeV m etier,;y or nionientuni transfer liiere is a iransitiori frotn the nif-sun- beams. The most recent generation of precision dee.p mela&Eir electron and muon nutlruii pictnrr v.h».fe the whole hadrun parHi"ip-it<-- in any reanion. (o ihr ci,tiArk scattering exp.'rjniepla ha$ yielded a largie and mostly tftiiliislenl rfjta set spanning seal t rt K ri'KlOli. when' rrariioli'* tatic ]>larr j>rrdommanr)y u;i a few allJark^ an • I/or & wide ra.nge in Q* and lijorken x that has recently been used for the first reli (jltion?- At ener^v nr momentum transfer higher than '.ill I" 50 CeV. ivpiral r,f tEn- able extraction of next-to leading order (higher '.wistl coiitribntinrii.. Electron a.nd muiiii siMitenng e\(..,•îr^1ent^ at Fermi lab and ("F.KN i.tr example, tin- iiwlti plienortiena seem mnsistent picture shoving subtle diaiiirtinus of i\ir quark momentum distributions i»i lurvive. Knef(5ies,of ihrt-.- v& four OA", -suon l./ be available a: CLBAf- are not in nuclei (called the EMC effect), but there is little r-.a! undciUandiag of the ori high eiiomsh in piol/e the suaJing regiuii SLAC is the best place to study the gins of litis phenomenon in QCT3. The list uf places where, we have begun to see multitude of pheiiujueiia that occur at ih>- <.n\^'\ cf sralmg- the behavior of the underlying quarks and gluons MI hadromr structure is long and has been growing in rermt yv*rs. However there art? still fundamental problems Many uf the rea. lion.i we wuuld likf \^> meaj-urf hav small cr-vs; i.-ciiur:* that and puzzles raêd by the present data that remain tu ue, solve J, can iKily he ob-1'Tk..d using a conibinaumi of tujtt; beam cimem-i, ;hu^ taryen,, apd well designed spectrnmett'fs and denr< toi vystrm1 ilia: can filler out the largje The main problems can he Mimmarized by the following liai of simplified ques flitx of mi wanted h.ti l.u.'Kmwi i>MMclt^, TW *s\CT«vr ami rea.\i\y aiiapl(ibi»« nper tions one might a.sk j.bimt aucleon structure ami reaeiton.s on them at high energy. trometer and heainhne facilities of End Station A c.in be a:raii(r.>d in a variety nf fflnfiiiurdiiiJi-. t" >UJ! the ^fieuali/ed :ni-d- -'i a A'idr r.iritf'' uf '•vpe.mi-fdt.s \. How is tin- miKTH'iUuirj x d'-letlor capabilities haw stimulated verv string interest in a. new gem-ration of fixed target experi • Descriptions of ^ssible future «p«;niw!nts to addict particular physics ments at SLAC tti.u off'-; exciting possibilities f»»t major advances in nrusuKJiients question of nudeon spin .iLrurlucc. A n<;w generation of pnlamed proton and druteron tar The topics and speakeu ar*- all given in the Workshop Agenda in the following gets made of ammonia with high poUrization, rapid polarization times, ,»nd high pages, and the individual presentations are here for you lo review. We decided to resistance to radiation damage are now being buiit. They will yield an gcder of present the speakers' transpirenciev rather than produce a. more formal proceedings magnitude increase in maximum luminosity over similar targets of a. d«id<- ago. 50 that the results could be qnj«-kly available to the community in keepiiig with the A new technique is uow being used At SLAC to make a target which is effectively spirit of a Workshop- In the list flexion. Prof. Mark Strikinan gave his summitry of polarized neutrons by producing polarised SH« «?ing 'jplical pumping and spin the Workshop and his personal answer to the. question "What &tc the high priority exchange from Rh. hi a very interesting recent development a.t SLAC, specialized experiments for which SLAC is tmiriueiy suited and which will be feasible in the photo cathodes ol iiiultilnyprcd materials, have Wn made UJJII, in the present early near fature--*1 He listed ae«*cn bis;h priority experiments, and ffivm thiec of them a stages, are producing electron brains in icsls with 70% to S0% polarization and "gold plated" rating While 'ui>. priorities may n»t agree with youra, it is e\e\t that L:ioiigh intensity lo be useful fur End Station A beams. This is an increase of a the potential future experiments could provide key flvidenrc needed to answer the factor of two over tlje pi/Urisatiun achievable from pliuto cathodes made from bulk open physics questions. materials. A factoi of two increase in polarization gives a factor of four increase The forthcornir.g measurements of jiur!eun spin strurturc in the already ap in tlie sensitivity of tbe experiments. It looks promising that within a. year o: 50 proved experiments El-15 at>d EM3 will be decisive in helping to resolve lbs "spin it will be passible 10 us-.- tlic iimv cathodes in an eleruun gun to produce bighEy crisis" presently evident ir. itr SLAC/tMC spiu structure measurements c.n th* polarized beams fur Fnd Station A. proton. The wide range actoMtne in i,*spetia'!y *"ith tbr rifl C*:V beitn. logethfi On top of the already exlemive exiling SLAC infrastructure (lirjac. A-lme, with tb<- tight control over systematic rrtois that is athievable with the bigb lumi End Statk'ii A, spectTorneUTi. detectors) there is ncm- in the planning stages a nosity and high polarisation at SLAC. wili yield a crucial (est of the Rjork^n sum significant upgrade of the facilities thai would allow beam energy up to 50 GeV rule l0 the 10% level to he delivered in rid ^latiun A. The present maximum energy is 2-i CeV set Pbotoprqductjon of the J/v using circularly polanied phutoos (bremrrustrahlu^s

by the bending power m the Adme \\"b«n this upgrade i* cjmpleted ia & few from longitudinaJlj polarised electrons) and a potarued proton target h.ii the p'> years, together with th^ new feneration of polarized electron sources. And polarised teatiil to give totally new information on the polarisation of the gluon field To targets, plus some modest upgrades to the delec.or systems. SL AC will he a premier gether with the deep inelastic spin structure meaMirertieu'.s. thi^ •shAnSd go i !v>u^ place far polarized .md unpolaru.i'd el<'UronTi rex>'."d three main ar(--as: \lOit: precision measmeiBents of deep inelastic scattering in the region 1 abovt

# Physic* topics that the speakers ronsideted bi^h profit y 0.5 with separation of F\U.Q2) and f;(j,

• Technical uY-scnpiimi* of lemit. or puti-mial devehoriL-nU in beam, target, for isolating the- ce.M to-leading Order (bi^be: twist) terr»5 th.it -tre expected tc be large m lheSLAC(^: range Cleanly isolating the higher twist terms is ewenlul as that momentarily fluctuated in l!.r wav.- funriuifi w a ipati.dly small eolcjf Mfiglel

r a starting puim fur more detailed comparisons of the scale breaking in the strut'ure Th.s

1 functions from QCD evolution to extract pa.-mn distributions. ihmtijd-i tli>- nurl'-us. and whd»- doing vi the flb atptme from strong interactions in tin- iiurjem, will be rrduteil. The preduliui from Qn and angubir distribution!, of out- mentum on the valence quarks, The proposed new data could help u* decide the coming piling ciii^-d \i\ Jnt'Tit'tion of the iMgim'titing quarks with the ruirleaj

entry or momentum transfer where pQCD is applicable, and perhaps be S'-nsilive medium In this e;u.e ni„. pKlureh tin- virni.il phulon Ut si i ike primarily or*"' ')u.i/k to the rather surprising predictions of the QCD sum rules thai, the valence quarks {or perhaps .i di'iJarl; from ,i hi^ber twist tt-rfu) winch fr-Hgnieuti and emerges as do r.Mt shaTe the nudeon momentum democratically. Cuniplon scwiermg has pre the ribiTved piuii over « dij.i,i;in: cf a h-n f'rjiiiis. which i> roni]>drablr to the viously been measured dt lower energies. Tim extension to holier energies wujld size of a typua) uurliMj- Ju l|,^ ex-ieniiciH. iiiuilar lo the coJor irarc-pafefify require the unique high photon intensifies and the spectrometer facilities available U'M. tlie lv.ey nutritions ,ve cj(t)> iirci^^iblf ill the SI.At' ki(Lern,ilic dfini-im where at SLAC. reactions bejjin to \f donuiiaifd by hard tcaticriiit; on a few qudrks. And where the energy arid mrnin-ntiuii tr«t].if<*rj. uivulved resuUs- ,i; evqbmurj of the final state Two of the proposed experiments would require meiatniring scattered electrons system over distance sidles comparable to nuclear dimensiuns. The nucleus in in coincidence with other particles produced in nuclear targets. While these two these experiiii«iits is •&•<{ both && ft miark target and a-s a kind of filter /detector experiments differ in detail, they hoth ask the questions: "What constituents are on. the fermi tength icftl>- for testing tio* phenomena predined from QCD Both struck at high energy'"; "What happens tu the nucleoli or its fragments after the. experiments n-quire the linniiHjsitv arid beam energy thai presently e.vi«t only *t collision"'"; And "How does the nuclear medium perturb the passage of the recoil SLAC The datii on qu,irii fraf;rtieiilntLOn in mulei will be esseuli.d to interpret particles'-"- In tlie first experiment, protu-ns would be knocked out of nuclei in future experinLents on hu;h energy ]je«vy ion i"o||i»iuiir\' t" pu?ii

on their way put vf the nucleus. QCD predirts that in elastic, scattering from thf sensitivity of parity violating deep iiielaslir scatiefin^ by an orier *if magm

7 the proton at hiflli Q the virtual phflton strikes a cluster nf three valence quarks tude botind the prevlL.us S1.AC nuMsuteinents. Tin-, would ]i;ak'* possible a tu-v

C experiment (with a deuteron target) that would be * world compeulivrf measure The- experiments juat described arr a sample of those presented at the Work of sin3 Sir in the law energy region to test for some of the suggested deviations shop. The m*in conclusion! one could draw from this Workshop is that, even after from the Standard Model. Then, in a second experiment, assuming the Standard 25 years of work, the SLAC litiac and the End Station A facility, with planned im Model is tested, parity measurements from a proton target could effectively turn provements and application of recent exciting developments in polarization tech- I'M electron beam iato i 2° ^t<&e,

eventually be needed, {or example, to settle the spin ctisis. On behalf of the Organizing Committee, I want to thank Margaret Helton,

The final experiment to mention here would extend the inclusive electron scat Lynn ILtnlon, Janet Bent, Vicky Flynn, Kristy Nelson, and Steve Tiegcr for their tering measurements from nuclei into the kinematic region of x > 1 anr? push the fine work in making all the arrangements and providing the friendly help at the data to higher Q7 an J larger i than previous data. This proposal has also been Registration Desk which made the workshop a pleasure and a success for the par submitted to SLAC as a letter-of-intent as a companion to the color transparency ticipants. expenmenV described above. Scattering at x > 1 is only possible in nuclei because For the Organizing Committee they contain constituents (nucleons, quarks in single nu<-]eons, or clusters of quarks in closely interacting nucleons) that carry large momentum. The shape of the crass Raymond C. Arnold sections versus x and Q2 provides a crucial measure of the type and distribution of the constituents at high internal momentum. Data from the region x > I is com plementary to the data at lower i which reveals the distortions seen in the EMC Workshop Organizing Committee effect. Data at high x will help distinguish between some of the competing expla R. Arnold (American U./SLAC) Sr Brodsky (SLAC) nations of the momentum shift of valence quarks in the nuclear medium. SLAC is F. Dietrich (LLNL] the only place where such measurments can be done. They require very high lumi D. Fryberger (SLAC) nosity and beam energy of 10 to 20 CeV because the cross sections ire small (high L. Keller (SLAC) D. Uith (SLAC) momentum components ate small). Tbey also require sufficient momentum reso G. Petratos (SLAC) lution, available at SLAC, to avoid smearing of the structure functions whirh fall C Prescott (SLAC) steeply with increasing r. This experiment and the two coincidence experiments R Pr«post (Wisconsin) S Rock (American U.) mentioned above are examples where the distinction between nuclear physics and K. van Bibber (LLNL) high energy QCD physics is blurred. The nuclei act both as a target of quarks and is cruti.il t«lin£ ground fai toftt^ a\ lYre Wart nf QCD-

7 SLAC WORKSHOP POLARIZED SQURCE5 AND TARGETS HIGH ENERGY ELECTROFROPUCTION AND SPIN PHYSICS ft. Prepost (Wisconsin) — Chair FEBRUARY 5. - B, 1992 M. WOODS (SLAC) SLAC Polarised Source Facility 147 TABLE OF CONTENTS G. ZAPALAC (Wisconsin) High Polarization cathodes (unavailable at time of printing) . . . 154 PHYSICS VISION D. Fryberger (SLAC) -- Chair T. CHUPP (Michigan) Polarized 'He Target , 155 D. LE1TH (SLAC) D. CRABS (Virginia; Polarized Proton Target , 172 Plans for the SLAC Fixed Target Program. 1 R. ARNOLD (American U./SLAC) W. MEYER (BOnn/SLAC) ESA Physics Program: Recent Activities and Future Directions ... 11 The Deuteron as a Polarized Target 194 S. BRODSKY (SLAC) EXPEHIMENTAL FACILITIES Critical Experiments in High Energy Elect reproduction 23 G. Petfatos (SLAC) -- Chair R. JAFFE (KIT) Future Directions in High Energy Electroproduction 65 L. KELLER (SLAC) SLAC End Station A Beam and Experimental Facilities 20S WORKSHOP SESSIONS G. PETRA70C [SLACl Spectrometer Possibilities in ESA. . 215 SPIH PHYSICS A. BODEK (Rochester} C. PRESCQTT {SLAC) ~ Chair Recent Developments in Shower Detectors 23$ R. JAFFE (MIT) B. RATCLIFF (SLAC) ...255 Spin, Twist & Complexity in Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering BO Cherenkov ping Image Petectars ...... 251 E. HUGHES (SLAC) A. MILLER (TRIUMF) Review of Nucleon Spin Experiments - - . 97 Transition Radiation Detectors 261 R. PREPOST (Wisconsin) F, DIETRICH (LLNL) 112 Feasibility of Coincidence Electroproduction Polarized J/«J Production in the Deep Inelastic Region 289 D. KAPLAN (UCSD> Parity Violation in Elastic Scattering 129 QCP, STtJDIES IN MUCLEONS AMD MUCLEJ P. BOSTED (American U.) S. Rock (American L". J - Chair 135 Parity Violation in Deep inelastic Scattering R. KILNER (MIT) Color Transparency 295 J- RALSTON (Kansas)

Unusual effects in Color Transparency r . 317 L- FRANKFURT (KSU/SPNPD Superfast Quarks and Short Range Correlations in Nuclei - 340

V . E. PIASETZSKY (Tel Aviv) Short Range Correlations in Nuclei via High Energy Exclusive Scattering 355 G. Miller (TRIUMF/Univ. of Waahingt.au5

Color Transparency .,,,... L . _ 364

K. VAN BIBBER ~ Chair (LLNL) OCD STUDIES CONTINUED * 373 S- LIUTI (SANITA-Romel and D, DAY (Virginia) Electron Scattering from Nuclei at x?l 365 H, Gyulassy (LfiL) Haclroniiation and E'ormatian Zone Physics 402 J. MOSS (Lou Alamos > Hadronic Production of Lepton Pflirs on Nuclear Targets ...... 414 X. ARTRU (]PN) Quark Transvcrsity in Elect reproduction 431 T. KETTEL (Amstei Jdin) Status of the SMC Experiment *t CERH 436

OCD STUDIES CONTINUED S. BROQSKY — Chair ^SLACi C- MARTIN (5PK Orsay/MIT) J/ii1 Electroproduction at High Energy 448 V. PAPAVASSILIOU (Argon nej Remits ftgjn Efifi5 — Deep Inelastic Muon Scfltteiing at F*mtilab , 464 C, HYDE-WRIGHT (U. Washington? Ccmpton Scattering 4B1 S. KLEIN CUCSC) Coinpetition r*Lween Multiple Scattering and BremsEtrahlung .... 490 M. STRIKMWJ fPenn State/SPNPl) Summary , . 504

FINAL AGENDA Sl9

LIST OK PARTICIPANTS 521

vi. ESA PROGRAM • Rich history of experiments in ESA on electron scattering, recently acknowledged in the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physics. • Beautiful experiment on measuring parity violation in PLANS FOR THE SLAC the electro weak interactions, through the study of high energy polarized electron scattering on FIXED TARGET PROGRAM deuterium and hydrogen, run in 1978. • After a hiatus of several years, due mainly to the commissioning of the SLC, SLAC has decided to re-establish the high energy physics program in End Station A. During this period, the NPAS gun was built and D. Leith commissioned, and the nuclear physics community worked on an active experimental program in ESA (SLAC) until it, too, was put on hold due to the SLC. • There is considerable interest in the potential physics program, especially with the polarized electron beam capability developed for the SLC, the new cathodes be ing developed for high electron spin polarization SLAC Workshop on High (nearly 90%) and given the high efficiency operation of the linac, in the fixed target mode. [A positive benefit Energy Electroproduction and from the new SLC control system!] Spin Physics We hope to get some measure of that interest from this February 5,1992 Workshop. • The model for support of this ESA program is to try to run about 3 months of fixed target physics each year tc

ESA*'o*,hopW.« D^K:;iU.«. sustain a program of electron scattering in ESA. (I.) Summer '91 Running: • The ESA program can be characterized in 3 phases:

• E140 Deep Inelastic Scattering. (I.) Summer '91 • NE18 Testing the Color Transparency Hypothesis. (11.) Fall of'92/'93 Use two spectrometers in coincidence. Good signal-to-noise and resolution. m. '94 and Beyond Promises very interesting, and topical, physics.

• NE17 Test constituent counting rules in

yd—>pn.

Lot of theoretical interest. Experiment went beautifully.

• Expect published results from these runs to be announced in Spring/Summer '92.

2 The Collaborations: (II.) FY92andFY93; E140 NE18 NE17

American U. American U. American VJ. • SLAC has approved E142 and E143 experiments to make good measurements of the spin structure func LLNL Argonne Argonne tions of the neutron and the proton down to small x. Rochester Cal State L.A. Caltech SLAC Caltech Cal State L.A. • It is hoped that the Bjorken Sum Rule could be tested CEBAF CEBAF CEBAF to (b-10)% level Stanford U. Colorado U. Colorado U. U. of Washington Illinois U. Illinois I;. 3 U. of Pennsylvania LLNL LLNL E142 e~ t on He t at<25GeV URA MIT MIT Massachusetts U. SLAC Northeastern U E143 c" \ on (pf , d| ) at < 25 GeV Wisconsin U. Stanford U. Wisconsin U. • It is hoped tnat E142 will be rjn in Oct/Nov '92, and E143 about one year later. 3"» Physicists 45 Physicists 37 Physicists

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E142 E143 • There is a substantial community who have been interested, and active in ESA work during the recent E142 Plus: past.

American U. Basel V. • I have been encouraging them, hoping to be able to support, say, 3 weeks of running each year out of a 3 Wisconsin U. LLNL month ESA run.

- Saday Rochester U. • For this to be realistic, this community needs access to. - the beam, Stanford U. Virginia U. - their target at the pivot, Michigan U. - the spectrometers and detector with their electronics, data acquisition, and on-line Princeton U. systems working. Syracuse U. • Does this flexibilityexist ? We need advice from this Workshop SLAC on this question.

45 Physicists 75 Physicsts

7 VI. The Collaboration

Letter of Intent from NE17/NE18 R. Arnold, P. Busted, S. Rock, 1 Sialnta. end J. White Communities led by Brad 'Filippone and American University Richard Milner. K. Coulter, D. Gceinrain, R- Holt, K. Jtckwn, 5. Kiulmin, D. Poferreld, md B. Zeidmui Arvonne Hltili'l W»nrt»-v • Extension of color transparency studies out to q ~ 15 3. Airing™. E. Beiie, E. Beb, B FilippoM(co-ipoli«fflui), 2 GeV , and proposing definitive measurements of the W. Lorauonfco-ipoleimiui), T. O'Neill, and R. McKeown basic QCD parameters describing the phenomena; California Jwlifiifi of TtcdnoJunr M. Epiteio, D. M«rj«iiutii, ind K. Aniol • Measurement of the nuclear structure functions, C»(i/aTi»i« SteXc University, !+• Anj'l" Y2{x,cf), beyond the kinematic limit of x=l, T.'0uld 3. Ntpolituw allow exploration of the roles of quark scattering and CEBAF nucleon scattering in the electron-nucleus scattering process at large q . F. Dietrich, K. via Bibber. «od P. Anthony levrenee livermort Patio""! Itbonlory • Very much want advice from the Workshop on how R. Ent(co-ipokejmlui), N. MiJclnj, sad R. Milnnfcc-tpolraniMO such experiments might be scheduled with the major AfojocAiueffa Institute <•/ JicAnofojy E142, E143 program, which I think comes back to the G. G. PetiMM question of flexibility of the ESA program. Stanford linear Accelerator Center Z.E. MeziBSi Can they be interleaved? Stanford University E- Kianey Can we run most of the running period on one of University of Colorado the major program elements, and switch to a short D.Beei run with another set-up? University of ilta'neu, Urbona-Chamroion

3. Chen, D. D«y, R. Lourie. ) MeCirthy. H- Minehin. Can these few week runs modify their J, Mitchell, 0. Rondofl-Ariaayo measurement strategy ?nd use the spectrometers University of Virsmie built and checked-out for the E142/E143 3. vmu de= Biond. C JODH. Mid. H.J. Bdten experiments? lfn>vcTj>tj of Wsmtsm-Mtiiui*. an.) FY94 and Beyond:

• The lab is proceeding with the 50 GeV energy upgrade of the ESA polarized electron beam, and it should be ready for experiments in this period.

• It is expected that the E142 and E143 experiments will be re-run at this higher energy, mainly to give access to the "HERA regime," low x region.

• What other experiments might be launched? We look to this Workshop to substantiate some of the claims that have been made on exciting, important research to be done with these new tools. Questions for the Workshop • The Lab would like your advice on the interest in Test Beams at SLAC, • What is the experimental program beyond '93? — from SLAC Users, and • What flexibilityexist s in the mounting, commissioning — from SSC Users and running experiments in ESA in this era? Electron beams up to 25 CeV now, and 50 GeV in '94 For targets? for For spectrometers? Radiation damage studies and For instrumentation? Calorimeter studies. • How realistic is the model that has E14X running in 199X?

[My picture has an expectation of running most of the data in one year, but coming back in a following year to complete the data set and make the finishing touches to the running, following some off-line analysis of the data. This requires some flexibility in mounting targets and experiments.] Is it realistic? • How much sharing of the linac can be arranged with the other users?

Under set-up and test conditions? Under running conditions?

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SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics 0-^ kU.Q'W 2<£ *f F, - (l-^Fj February 5,1992

R5A Workshop 2J5W2

97 REVIEW OF NUCLEON SPIN EXPERtMENTS MOTIVATION

TEST NUCLEON SPIN STRUCTURE MODELS Deep inelastic

polarized lepton-polarized nucleon Measure A?,n(x, Q2) scattering A -d°U ~

giM-AiF^x) polarized B_ __A^E~~ hadron K *^ debris " i

i) Sum Rule

• QCD Physics |jgP(x)dx = X.{gF-D) = .189;

• Inclusive experiments BJ Sum Rule

3 :: • Proton, Deuterium, He Targets I g?(x)dx-| g?(x)dx = l-|^{1-as(Q >/n) = .l9l

98 REVIEW

I. PAST (Proton exps)

SLACE80, E130

CERN EMC

II. PRESENT (Proton & neutron exps)

CERN SMC

SLACE142/E143

III. FUTURE (Precision exps)

50 GeV SLAC fixed target program

Electron Storage Ring exps

HERA HERMES

CERN HELP

99 Results from E80 1176

-1—I—I I 1 I -1—I I III-

0.8 CONFIRMATION OF d?PM

0.6

0.4 PROTON

o.s

_l 1__1 1 L. 0.0 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 X

E130

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MILLED TMOET- 0 9 IOm u 0 10'»' JO"

E-130 SET-UP IN END STATION A Results from E130 1183 ,J-

J g/coJU- .I? ±.OS- o.o

0.6

PROTON 0.4

0.2

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-1 l——I 1—I J—I I _J 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 X EMC • E. Sc/M J" g^C *->-*= .1ST sue D I O p O O 7* O O p o o - u « o> co b u o ° ? 9 9 r IO *• CO CO O (i) i O) Q> 6 m mm? r. * I

ra C) " 2 < • *-

• r> o o *» -o- M o : -o- O 6 ^ -o- A 3 o M a A A M A A , O X A o o o oE o Polarized Neutron Targets

THE RACE TO Polarized deuterium THE HEVTROH • Polarized 3He

Spin 1/2 He I CEKH vs. SLAC Spatially symmetric S-state Qf l(pfOt

104 E142 EXPERIMENT Polarized SMC EXPERIMENT 3 He Target Spectrometer

Compared to EMC 23 GeV • Lower energy beam 100 to 200 GeV • Butanol target Spectrometer

Faster reversals NOT IN COINCIDENCE • Upgraded tracking in detector MEASUREMENT low angle trigger 8 > 3°

2 : Cover range x > 0.003 at Q > 1 CeV-/c » Count scattered electrons Test B( Sum Rule 10% syst error • Measure electron momentum 7 OeV) 8% slat error 0,04 < x < 0.7 1991 Run

2 * Deuterium target reached 30% polarization Q">l(GeV/c) running for 1 month MONITORING

1992-1993 Run 220 days • Moller scattering — beam polarization

• NMR — Targei polarization ,4;

105 TOP VIEW Dipole Magnets Hodoscope

Ouadrupole

4 5 ^ - e

Dipole Magnets V^-""""*' ^ ' u^A^r.™™ Pb-glass Hodoscope Sh(ywer SIDE VIEW (7) Counter

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e'Beam

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I O —I ^

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i—r i i i ii i| T—I I l I il E142 Future A BEAM POLARIZATION ±5% 3%

0.3 3 . He EIH2. ^ Deuterium E W3 TARGET POLARIZATION ±5% 3% AA? 0.2 - DILUTION FACTOR ±4% 3%

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* • • • a.* • • Radiative corrections ±2% 17c 0 I I '''''"I i i i i i i ) 0.01 0.1 TOTAL ±10% ±6%

Impact on J g"(x) dx

108 PRECISIAN ME/VSUREMENTS

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• Elec+ron S+oraqe Rin«l Exp^dVieniS 0.5 i Proton

•U*mW ooo o{i0$4?#0$ $ 50 GeV Neutron E142 •it" i i i i i i i 11 i i i i i i 11 0.01 0.1 x

109 ELECTRON STORAGE RING EXPERIMENTS

HERMES (HERA)

• 30-35 CeV polarized electron beam

• Pure hydrogen, deuterium, 3He gas targets

• Conditionally approved

• 10-15% transverse e- polarization observed

• Advanced in design

HELP (LEP)

• 50 or 100 GeV polarized electron beam

• Gas jet targets

• Letter of Intent SUMMARY

HERMES TREMENDOUS ENTHUSIASM FOR

NUCLEON SPIN EXPERIMENTS

"PROTON SPIN CRISIS"

CERN, SLAC, DESY

PRECISION TEST OF SUM RULES

- 10% Precision

NUCLEON SPIN STRUCTURE

=> Not well understood

=> x, Q5 dependence should

be mapped with high

statistical precision

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Selected Bibliography pL

Ovorvipw nf Pnrity Vuilnliug r Scnllrrinf. I- >"'>r* nlill'

• /'rtnfy 1'tpf.ifiDii ihi Electron Scaltteius, l'<"«^Uv.fcv t.',*IW'»L IM, ':.<.'.!1 11*111. ri,

Slrfliigr Mnlrix Elements from N?utrnl OurrcnU: DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING • D.B. Kaplan .i„d Jl.V. Mannliat, fuel, Phyj. Mill 11HS8) V.17. (fj,st diicuuioi ^'. ^V'; ^nilysir of i*p cjp'riiiiciitr. for C.*[)

• Ill) MrKr.>irn. n,,,. I.rll. '2IIHI (lllfw) Mil; (/ ," fn.iti <•;• ' .',.|

• U.H. U«k. PI,,,. n,v IH9 51S».|) 3'24», ( ;••,•, („„„ ,.,, . r,,. .V1:liy,;, „r M,in,. »|tr

l: P. Bosted and Bates C r.ipls.} • ILL. Jalte, l>l,jrs. Lett. R'WO (191'J) 2TS, I model for /•',', tlir 9triin rnr« r.v.li"!-) K (American U.)

• J. NayoliUno, I'l'ys. Rev. C« (IS!") I-fill l>'," limn rP — rp]

Mnnsuring llir Strnns« A.ttn) Matrix EU;m

• II. Gcorsi. D.D. Kaplan, L. Randal], I'l.y Lrtl. Illffl (19815) 73 - s,-r appendix A; (first diseus.simi nf C7^)

• L.A. Al,rrns ff of., Plus. Br, 035 (19*7) 785; (<.,, upnimrnt) SLAC Workshop on High • J. Adiman tl «f. I'hys. Lett. 2IIGH (1988) Sfi-I; N.id. I'lin K.12R 1138!)) 1; (l"M<' Energy Electroproduction and rxpcriiiienl) • R I JalFc and ,\ Miui..l.»l. Knri. riiyn. 11.1.17 (I!'!"!) 50". (Inteiprrlal'i I EMI' Spin Physics eetu.lt) February 5,1992

AiMrL.iMinl CriiUnrr f..r N>ill>r-r» SlrniiR" Mnlr'n Kin

• Jl II Kaplan. I'i'SIl prn.ri.il I'I'll '.II '.'- i. ..,. !'••'•' I-'-' » (I'vi.lrr. I'M \\ •.vk.'K'p 2J1.V2

135 %

PIS-PARITY DEFINITIONS Parity Violation in Deep Inelastic Scattering

OUTLINE pf.ot;norZ -»9 Awx Definitions M ' Previous E.S.A. Experiment v = E - E' >j = v/E Q- = 4EE'sin2(8/2) Possible Neiv Experiment W2 = M- + 2Mv -0} x = Q~/2Mv Testing Standard Model To measure Z contribution, measure left- Measuring Quark Distribution Functions rigtht asymmetry in scattering polarized elec Open Questions and Summary trons from unpolarized target.

a 4 = °R~ L

(^ meiCeo.* tin r«e'»t'Aj. Experimental asymmetry given by J=«fe S, 1992 4 x _ P 4 = (couDt)R - (count)L eXP e ' ~ (count)R + (count)L H 3

Deuteron Standard Model D(x)/U(x) « 1 , ~](Isospin Symmetry) U—^ p.- a, 0-*r

4 2 4 2 J36^g;2(Clu + YC2u)U(x) - {Cu + YCu)D{x) .4 « -10- Q (Clm+VC2n,) ~ -10- Q (.74+.16Y) which, can be re-written as derivitive with respect to sin-^-) gives

2 2 4 = 3C?FQ (2QU - C1(Jf) + r(2C2u - C2df) dsm {6u.) dA 1 + .05V sin-(#u) .4 1 + 2Y where r = (1 - (1 - y)2)/(l + (1 - j,)2) « y For dsin^gaQ/sin^fiy) = 2% need d.4/.4 = jD(i) = (d+(?) + (* +J) 1% at y = 0. 2.4% at V = 1 [/(i) = (u + ;1) -I- (c + c) Proton or N > Z Target the electroweak Z-quark coupling given by 4 2 A^ -1.8 x 10"~ O Ci!i = -5 + 3sin (fV)~-0.20 " (4 + D/t/;

dA (4 + D/L."Hl+D/lT) d(D/£0 = 2 b H .4 C2u = -j + 2sin (6iu.)»-0.O5 / SmtuU, "

2 ;ic S e C2d = \-2sin (0,,) « 0.05 J ~««-- *" ' """ ' To get (if-D/D to 57c need rf.4/.4 = 1-5% for U/D=l. Cjm - 2C\U - Clcj tn -0.74

Cim = 2C-2U - C2rf ~ -0.15

137 t PREV.

fdESCoTT *b ai.j n78il

fct Goals Pa ^9 Reduce errors on dA/A factor 5 to 10 he 1 £r Deuteron (S.M. tests, (s+s)) andJProtonfV/D)

Separate C\m, C?m for deuteron Largest possible range in Q-. Y. x. .How,

Beam Polarisation Pe from 0.4 to(5j) 2 msrjwith specially clesinged spectrometer Use E = 35 GeVjBf 50 GeV instead of 20 GeV. dA/A reduced factor of 1.7 at 4°. _0; ^A>D ST/JT/OA/ U4 increased from 1.4 to 2 to 5 fGeV/cK Make detector sensitive only to electrons, di/L^.S ^r ©a- 4 and design spectrometer to acheive resonable 30 cm Utaj-Cje^ x, Y, Q- resolution.

6?1-- / Jo 2 Gtv/o x * - '07 h .28 y- .is ^ ,j«

138 8 KlNtfnPiVCS , P/)7Z^S

•40 cm tapget!p_.tP-ro^?n> deuteron) Solid angle's msr .J •' ^Og.hour^^OEU^j^^pulse (1.EU for SLED)

80fc beam polarization' (,

f, vvW " ', ~M 3.36 B.0B0 0.770 12.S 39. S 4.49 372. 2.0 8.9 ' 3.87 0.101 0.7*37 14.5 35.5 1.39 372. 1.7 7.7 4.37 B.125 0.63*. 16.4 31.4 0.4B 379. 1.5 6.7 •\ 4 .88 B.156 0.57B 18.3 27.3 e.n 393. 1.4 5.9 s.3B e.194 e.see 20.2 23.3 0.03 408. 1.2 5.2 I 5.99 0.243 B.43B 22.1 19.2 B.Bl 418. 1.1 4.7 6.39 B.310 B.36B 24.0 15.1 0.00 410. 1.1 4.2 6.90 0.404 0.292 25.9 11.1 0.00 358. 1.1 4.0 -1.41 B.S48 0.226 27.5 7.0 B.BB 229. 1.3 4.3 piyfV-" :? —? 7.91 B-79S 0.163 29.7 2.9 0.0B 48. 2.6 7.6

E= SBi. e TH= 3. 0 , Qi X Y EP WSQ fl/S. CT/PL dA/A dD/U , / 2.49 B.642 B.767 18.2 58.1 E.89 379. 2.6 12.1 .33 -.'".- ] 2.90 B. 054 B. 696 21.J 52.1 1.91 382. 2.3 IB.4 3- - "* • 3.31 0.B6B B.622 24.1 45.1 B.E7 398. 2.0 9.0 27.1 40.1 0.15 426. 1.7 7.8 " < » .13 e.lll 0.467 3B.1 34.B B.04 469. 1.5 6,7 tS- 14 - '™r* •„•- 1 4.S4 0 143 B.39B 33.1 28.0 B.01 528. 1.3 5,7 f 3 * 4.95 0,190 0.314 36.1 22.B 0.00 681. 1.1 4.9 * & 5.36 6.262 0.241 39.1 15.9 B.00 669. 1.0 4,2 5.77 B 390 0.170 42.1 9.9 B.BB 640. 1.0 3,7 > 3i ? t t 6.19 0,672 0.103 45.1 3.9 0.00 242. 1.5 4.8 2 i •si- • ' - J:.*- i-tf

139 IC

WHY TEST STANDARD MODEL? TESTING STANDARD MODEL WITH D7 2 3 21 parameters 3 gauge groups 3 families D/U = 1 + (« + S)/(u + fi) « 1 + a(Q )(l - x) from isospin sy met try. C^ smtui? IS THERE A MORE FUNDAMENTAL THEORY? ^A/Ql should be linear in Y (after corr.'s). 2 2 -Overall fit>gives rfsm (^-)/sin (g„;) a 1% if G.U.T. Supersymmetry superstrings overall normalization error is 2%.end*/A TWO APPROACHES Measure^Cim)from intercept to 2% (dom inated by beam polarization and theoretical 1) SSC - higher energy to produce new particles 2 2 corrections) gives equivalent ^sin (6u..)/sin (5tt) s= 2) improve precision of lower E observables L5». ^~.

2 • Z mass (reference for sin (#n.-)). Measure,C2m from ratio of slope to inter • Z partial decay widths cept. For relative errors of 1% over Y = 0.15 to Y — 0.7, measure Cim to 15%, yielding • front/back asymmetries near Z pole 2 2 d sin (fl,„) I sin (g,,) g_l%. Warning: theo- • left/rigth asymmetry near Z pole rectical corrections to C2m larger than for Cim, • ve scattering needs more study. • deep-inelastic vN •> atomic parity violation The Competition

Atomic Parity Violation has measured C\u+ t parity violation in deep-inelastic eD 2 2 C\A to equivalent

energy approximation. (,w*n);.v^ IT?W, W.<;'V by taking ratios of different isotopes. Improved

measurements of C^u + C-n also possible (in sensitive to sin2(flu,)).

140 6-U.T. «»

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PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 0,

CHTSICAl OUAMniKS 0

142 /s Com ooiolm'ss : 4|- Fe.tmC operator x

JL CS -SCcJe c$ Cfvujte - lobs hoc {vie. (^" Ma4i JJ.B.C Ka^Qest pwltclaij QUARK DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS Why? Many puzzles: }>%\it< 5 33 (») Tb< or* phyiin *f t four ('ion op«»lot Ijpf I Gottfried Sum Rule violated, u ^ d? mbd bu toi C,,.epm b*i tot C)r

Origin of EMC effect. Present in Z32? Spin EMC effect. Other experiments Electron Scattering

2xF\ = F2 ~ .Ux't4lu+u)+{d+d)+4(c+c)+(s+s)]

F$ l + 4(d/u)±S/d where (u/d) = (u + Q)/(rf-t- tf) And 5/rf = [(.v + s) + 4{r. -f ^)]/(tf + J), (rf/u) a 1 — :r so quark distributions asymmetric (di- quark model explanation). Problems^ F£ measured in deuteron, so for x > D.4 Fermi motion and possible EMC effect must be taken k a o c

143 i7 iS

i/N Scattering {IV exchange) * F;c/f2D •ling Fz - {d + s - u - f) for f - p PC Efr*t; AMit /IgUPt'flO p/ftiCt F3 = (u + c - d - s) for £ - p

Assuming us = us. us = 5^, and s = s, can extract us+<: and da + s from comparisons o( Fi and Fj. Problem: Large errpT bars on proton data (good statistics only on nearly isoscalar targets (Fe, Marble, etc.). Need to correct for EMC effect. eN Paity Violation (Z exchange)

measure DjU - [tti)tff) for Proton ^ l-r(s + l)/(u + u) fordeuteron el An. dedz

Combjjje-j^ith oth£r_ex£eriments to help sep- C-- "?Xfc -'- arate^dw/ti^and^sea quarlpcontributions. Is s ^ ' i^. j" quarkraistributioc smaller at low Q2 than high Q offneutrino experiments? V ^5 J hcShQ |.'i i \ 1 1 , **

•ft-cg, ni/dccn "dee,'. Q.itri~ Ctj*

144 n SO e r ra, i i ity

vS-O \>e , 0 • toroid (pulsed or iron, bend in or out) • quadrupole/dipole system (must be BIG!) . dipole only system (need large magnets) 2) best way to detect electrons » reduce sensitivity to pions - - - S; - O • integrate counts in larger counters or « count electrons in many small counters , lead glass, Cherenkov. synchrotron rad^PfcJ^.... -Sfu c^i It A; ?/} -ficr*> ep v&/6i/j eD~6 fair!*;1;?. - « beam polarization ramj,e. Can we. do #ell entqh' s higher twist corrections U^ I.S j«ifcr > coherence between 7 — Z diagrams »tvto-W exchange diagrams . logarythmic scaling violations 5-F-pfaj.n C- St?. 4) interesting to measure U/D in heavy nuclei?

145 SUMMARY j Unique Opportunity 1 can only be done SLAC 1 Sensitive Tests I electroweak Standard Model New Combination i quark distribution functions |

146 POLARIZKI) HEAM FOR ESA PHYSICS M. Woods 02-06-02

1. POLARIZED BEAM REQUIREMENTS

2. STATUS OI-" SLC POLARIZED SOURCE SLAC POLARIZED SOURCE FACILITY • (+ implicnions for ESA Spin Physics) 3. ACTION ITEMS FOR POLARIZED SOURCE

4. NEW POLARIZED SOURCE FACILITIES? i i M. Woods i (SLAC)

SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics February 6,1992 V

147 POLARIZED BEAM REQUIREMENTS

PULSE LENGTH I.2|is

CHARGE 5.Ell 50 mA peak current 150 mA peak current ai Gun

Gun H.V. 65 kV

Tulst Shape Flattop to +-I0

Polarization >W3t 7.is*.-i:.;;3nyi»b:':i"

ZiS ESS TOOrsTOi. Notes:

E143 only requires 0.6 mA peak current from Gun. E143 requires 80% beam polarization. »"iilU«* fe^^-El ANOftl £c;~" " 50 GcV operation only requires 200ns pulse -^^B W Jl»-3-' L="™' length. c:3 5^U5?j2?wa;] «•»*•' — y •? -tS«lB JJ g<8 g — " — - sS »I*«« W"" ««-«» *7S.1ir«&dC st •" .^ =..,»,» 1 | {,1-ocviw rn« -M•- •»•

m ^ BM-™ Or _ *W«"l" H Wf**. .^..C —— fc.'c*.».-o-

148 POLARIZED LIGHT SOUflCE (PL5I FOR EM!

Tharmionic Cathode Gun

Straight-through Valves Solenoidal Lens and Bucking Coil

Photo Cathode Gun SLC POLARIZED SOURCE STATUS

NOVEMBER RUN SUCCESSES:

Achieved • 7> 10") electrons per bunch l.35r intensity jitter 20 ps timing jitter 100 um spatial jitter 2 bunches at 120 Hz

Beam losses appear negligible

Didn't see any effect of beam losses or accelerator vacuum on carhode lifetime (but lifetimes were short!)

PROBLEMS ENCOL'NTEKED:

1. HV performance. Gun WJ& limited to SO kV operation at end of November run. (For ESA running, only require 65 kV operation.)

2. Cathode lifetime. Cathode lifetime less than 10 hours al CID. Constant cesiation can give long lifetimes, but makes HV performance problematic. Temperature effect? (For ESA running, have lots of laser power. Can work with low QE to 0.19b. We should also look into cooling cathode to about 50F.) ACTION ITEMS FOR LONG PULSE OPERATION 3. Valves leak. New non-magnetic valves from VG have problems sealing. Not fixed yet. Problem PUL5ELENGTH: Modify Pulse Forming Neiwork for when attaching or removing gun from beamline. Candela Laser (Will likely switch to VAT valves. Should be fixed before El42 runs,) PULSE SHAPE; Develop TOphat Pulse Shaper Pockels Cell System (TOPS* 4. Total Charge Limit. During some operation, observed a charge limit reached before the BUNCHING: Need to install pre-buncher Space Charge Limit, Probably a surface effect. Needs more study. CHICANE: 4 bend-magnets introduce energy- (Should not be a problem for low currents phase correlation. Need straight-thru required by E142/E143.) for long pulse.

BPMS: Only work for short pulses. Spiking or

notching is needed,

BEAM LOADING: Need to correct with klystron timing.

BEAM TEST: Will request beam test for this spring.

151 5. BPMS: - Differentiate beam; spiking or notching is STATUS OF ACTION ITEMS needed. Currently plan to notch beam. Hardware for this exists. 1. PULSE LENGTH - for low current operation (< 25 mA), need to - Pulse-Forming Network (PFK) simulations put spike in beam; have been done; tests with Candela Test have alio betn done, 6. BEAM LOADING: -> can easily modify to get long - Nteri to correct with klystron timing. Requires flashlamp pulsef software. Not started yet. - Plan to test with Candela Laser in February 7. BEAM TEST? - will request time for long pulse test when we 7. PULSE SHAPE: are setup for Lilac Polarimeter test bypassing - Preliminary design and cost estimate have been the Damping Rings completed; wotking prototype ready in early - will request test un-SLEDed. but may only get June SLEDed - would like to measure 3. BUNCHING: i) BPM performance with SHBs on and off - AiP is approved and funded to install ii) BPM performance with notch in beam Pre-Buncher. iii) Polarization with Linac Poiarirr.eter - preliminary design is complete - time required is 2-J sfcifii - will be installed in summer downtime

4. CHICANE; - long pulse will have about 1D% energy spiead at Chicane due to beam loading; not enough klystrons to correct this by adjusting their phases. - 4 r-end-magncts introduce energy-phase correlation -> need straight-thru section for long pulse - worlc lias just started on this - for upcoming run. probably just install a spool piece

152 153 NEW POLARIZED SOURCE FACILITIES?

1. NEW PLS LASER i) Spccificaiions for use with high polarizmion cathode: - tunable 750-850 nm - 2.5 kVV peak power in 2.2 us slice (compatible with (j£ as low as 2.E-4) - + other: material, reliability etc. -> for E143 only require 10W peak power HIGH POLARIZATION ii) Possibilities: CATHODES - flashlamp-pumped Ti:sapphire -> currently under investigation. Laser spiking, stability and repetition rates are problems - diode lasers -> power, beam divergence, and tunability are problems - for EI43 cw Ti:sapphire should work - for '92 run of E142 not likely to have a G. Zapalac replacement for the Candela laser (Wisconsin) 2. A NEW POLARIZED SOLTRCE FACILITY AT CID? - discussions have started on possibility for a polarized laser/gun facility at level of the klystron gallery. - this could be optimized for ESA running, leaving current setup for SLC running and NLC tests - very desirable to have: i) more room available SLAC Workshop on High it) greater access to gun (especially when machine is used for SLCVNLC and current gun is Energy Electroproduction and inaccessible) Spin Physics iii) laser close to gun (especially if use diode lasers) February 6,1992

1107 AVAILABU AT PRESS TINE

154 Polarized 3He Target for ESA

1. Neutron polarization in ^He

2. 3 Polarization techniques POLARIZED 3He He TARGET 3. E-142 3He Target requirements 4. Electron beam effects on polarization 5. Tests of target at Bates

T. Chupp 6. Devektgnnent of E-142 target (Michigan) Laser power Polarization measuisnent Window cooling Dilution factor SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics j February 6,1992 I ESA Vnritshup 26A! T Chupp

155 "Polarized Neutron Targets" 2H (QM-s*fc

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157 ^He Wavefunction: (Afr ^Bimll-PSjys. Rev. C 16 p 823(197";» 3He Polarization Techniques Faddeev solution, Ried Soft Core, Derrick-Blatt coupling (High Density)

Channel L S P K % la La .Brute force: can't polarize liquid s*to*-.-* 1 0 172 0 0 A 1 87.5 2«" D 1/2 0 0 M 2 0.74 6^7" son " solid produced at high P 3» S* o 1/2 1 1 M 1 0.74 -<4 4&0 1« 2 2 A 1 1.2 5»" 0 IB 2 2 M 2 0.06

( ll 2 3/2 0 2 M 2 1.08 1 i 1 SPl/2

12 2 3/2 1 1 M 1 2.63 1 13 2 1 3 M 1 1.05 795 no ++ " \ an 3~f -J-a-,1/„2 - 1 2 3/2 2 0 M 2 3.06 natRb 15 I 2 3/2 2 2 M 2 0.18 «!,«,*«« L 16 2 3/2 3 1 M 1 0.37 ft

P(S) = 88.7 % PCS') - 1.1* P(D) = 9.2% *Z»0 (J. Friar, B. Gibaon, G. Payne, A. BerniteiE, T. Chupp) 1083 njn •A, neutron "polarization" = 1 - 2/3P(S') - 4/3 P(D) = 87% (±2%) W" UeCutmbUlty exchange proton "polarization" = 1/2 P(S') -1/3 P(D) = -2.7% (± 0.4 %) Jn%& in- compreaalra 3 u( He) = Pn>in + Pp^p + 2/3 P(D) + MEC oiieWf r -2.11 =(-1.69)+ (-.075) + (0.061) +(-0.35) 3He target I ^opto^**9^'' floats*,*"**-

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• i iT.iii 1 • tpio adunp "iih lucr Vptiall]- pom pod Rb »*». In Ibc nakad derncralraied in ihts Letter, the poUrLiuoa lUaa.haJwaikiik>»WaJm^^^«tQO^wv WU» iro n eW ikr lb u ifowly masfcrrtd EO ihe 'He avch, 17|. «- aa tfcc bam. \*c utfei KM w aJapcd ito*I • *enieaJ

»*m i* a polarued larprL Unpolarucd muoru itoppod .DaJd." aawiaallr |-1 C. pfffntfrf 6T | 3 1 Mtketaaêi become poUriad duhng .Itcoiodc dtt« to ^•ar nf HdaaJjcjU^qh^Ji Sc "He »u poiaflm] oy ^pTrT the BTpcnW iaicnciEm *iih the nuctdu. Aa »« dit- npa* whiich m-ii aM»alli' twrncrf l>j\ oaMal Vy K««a Ni|»jrtifHL ind Yimauki. ia Ihc •&• >-W TJHW*irc Uxr.f fhc mm »u poUrtgcj HI na at aaftaaaul dcpobrizaiwii EPK tnwn policiziiioo "pUnapUl llaUM Oulsajc Ihc SMC Cart, aW • p*M nacha) ihe IJ itaie dependa oaly k tc Ibc «t paaipuif,. Tbe iJiitkal palaiLEaiKXH of !JtK5Q)a\ were \ /1 hnH width III. la foci, we wilt itxrm ilui dfpoUnuuiM lioetir imffected [leeoa < Ij-^H] by ihe iniuferdw- d(W 10 COJlonos b Lmpcftul la mmomw: bdiwaa. W( i«| which the Einh'i maineiK &tkl premkd • quatizi' - \. / \ aou tkai \t* A* at rcpotenz»»f~ MMMH b; nopfi UM UIL The cjponrAlial decay of our larfU pc4a.ru*' iwg Ibcaa • a ppUmnJ Uf|a n» 1«I âppilnl I foa laoBf wv dMncumtd bj i lifeiime of r**rtr 'J b Tor i /^*s^ \ - M "fc !• vhicb IW •wdoBB' afaM am Hlcaatoi k* faKatf cell M tooAi leaipcralurc ia the pumpinj ilaltoc a*d i : 1 a fcTf^nniftea; eOaltnuri KMl • • WJagaMK AcM (B* U-X k roc » cell ia ibc bnn. «hcre the Itfctuu WWJ 3-1 kG a( Uapnlini tdmrmmad *0 m*. M lirahcd by anjacuc-ieM jfndiom Il*t froA a fucV*- i :l ***' ^^""^ \^ dOk fcaâaat wufrtct. The larpri pwlna •** a Ceaw Nudoj [riinjci eranda ampoftui CMnUM Tor pro- prwpue betvees nufluauaiii rupeue-lcU •bBns- dvcuj kafal)' poi»naed aaacaur 'He for eumpfc, ihc -** """"^ \ fcaaUd sad aduenag a li|hlly foraaed ••••• beaaa. •pa drpiwhiiKc of IJK nsdaaa v " + 'Ht — 'H + r pn- **** ^^^**^s \ Tke nctfi >c«padUtptn| nilicei redttod mi iw- *wJa • cfeui way io mcrare ihar iftdrfcd pmrfoKaiw .*'* ^*"**>.*- \ • ex poUtetaucattp JA'k.'Pi EB«(>W W to k«T «•! car|a rtiplil nsdwi j-^ To* 'Hr Jl0.lt! MM cxpcnrotni to •pea r*i B> pan JCH BnjTJm p*« me*j*re f, uiiep a pdiiucd M ~ bam *» kprfonrHd at I 1 1 1 1 ~ OkfU. *». twl ccatabonien UHil. **S wad Umxed tfla, «lt tilcuiMi were -cnt.tai. i« ««t tiôfu, iw1 *ere o

^ N o auaiimir dac lo inc in all aayramcinei im—Mi vill a MJaamlll jliltlmn [••• i llnl — altadtd poUnfsi bctn. Our Lucr (eekaa^aa prvrair gwpvuvr ijd*i'd u> ttam knk n| l^aes. Ii • C ll"*l The Auwrwaw Btywcat Sood>

160 VOUMC i>, *uw«*. 2* FHYSICM REVIEW LETTERS 1 tXCEMsn H*l

Asymmttiki to Ehtfte Sottrrii *f l&fl MeV » » fiw s Nsuim kHtTut«

B. UncXi 0 HiwKr. E. i. Bra*h, C. Chan. **d A. RiJur SUM f^tfw Vmrrrtrtf. tkrm&v Sf»Uk CW«-*** CtM^m fSA /« E-142 3HC Target Requlfemeztts C, BnnhoU. P f. J. Debcj. R. & Hcadcm kV K JcaAlap. A. Mtllinrer, D. Ouc*dL A. TraM M C VnwLud 0. W WtaWw T*fV*f. *»* ar«l™* Maf[ r^HMm. aVuJrh CoJtaaab*. (Wrf* ^T .'^f S.Ri*i rri.jtVirt/awfnlijr. ftaw<4wr. TWv4rM**ri. hr«W Polarization: 50% U fe^T* L. Tailor tmtMHfir Km/tytil. fannyli afw*:. MW> «•«:. bn»>)) 2 2 iiltamilov Thickness: lO ^ ^Hc/cm lmk*wy «/ TUvnifl Ntftftt. M* Imahtarfar Ntcttm Rmttk. Data*. VSS.IL thftti-y 3 S«j»«a»ber | w) (30 cm z 10 atmospheres) (^^l^^'lk! W« rcponiftc *imtm ihe tarto* MAK -V, -Hit**!). 13 ocmffirit at SO*. Mar a crcwffdKw atMimum. Tfc™ liynmrtiy tt ihc Wfna aaaenrt io data ta pion tcaeitnai from a vpt»- \ ajMclm TV rf. Una art quatiiK itv?r "pro duct* DT a •ehcftWK model, ho*er«, n>wiwt viih ibe tfau it liinitanilr impra*ed *hc» realm* Target cell diameter: 2 cir >hra-*af> F^dat* a«*c foactitttfan d a fail aonte*! 4hhMfd-*i*r miWtt i^Wmunaliaa rtKim

2 r>«CTima» 2Mr-rx :*m*i. :»>**» Volume: 100 cm Aiywimwry nuanMs Bji*| polariitd nactew tar- «(>••) llif) anipbtadt. aid v i* ^k awdew rVnlt ^u nu- frta tu*c only reemifj become ftai&Jr |j-jj j«e) nth ini. DdW«f k iad I' a ibe wawun *ectofi ol i«- the JuUgyanuj ibe rin»d 'HTlijji 1JJ m f • ^ itf*~:.<. f^ a^MJ Dilution: tHe/telse " 1 WW^Hl 1 ~'^RaUiafccnb *>*uckwi ampit- dependent amplitude near the croti-feciww minimjm Wa. a*d (to tcacttctt model. Fcrf ip>n^ I Uf|cU in the II3) only, ntm f ii ntar ** iha a«ckar irnind suic. *hkh pnipm tkacr^plipa of whtn ihe spin-flip ampfiiutfe a vitfihtintiy urtttor ihan Operates in vacuum (1 torr) thr wn»ajiui ntajiani: form tacun, t*. « '*C |9) si loe iKHiflip one. nmcunaa iraaarcn -2 tm ~V laj oWfwi u U»tt. the t The CJptr»Mfll vau carntd oat il the M11 pMfl chan 'He awck»r «anc fMciie* ci« fe cakwlawd wrlh |ODd nel vf j accuracy fhnu tto faaMw.. w^iuaw aaaaf naJaUic jVfr i«t aait Cooled windows pMCflliili u eakpaat H(H. Ihcnfocc foe 'H< the awckai ttnmurv aiKcruiatJo ire almcK aeflifjfe nanpaxed to the wittered piofli P-thclI aajcki lad, fanhennon. Urp atymmctno arc Homed *j(h Ifca quadrKjwfc-qBidiopoat-dipok «*peded. Th« 'He(**,«*) rcaciiart ij ihai *• aieal •pKironMier lUj Removal of both qwadmpota *af Beam current: 5 pA avg, 25 mA peak ftrthe af «he detuktf *pin depcwtrtce rf ihe ifno-O- aeceuarr 4M to ihc ifut;il coniminu impotcd hy >ha mtn-i imelut icatttrifltunpliiHdcll 1-1)1. Urjtt and aba fw limilift| maineiK-rTvU (rt^tfi i« TV acaiienni amptniKk f« ibe **-'M« t|W«n ar, ihe \arp?i ID < ] fiTnti"1 Thu reduced ihi anfulai « be vmicn ai ccptance in (Ac mtieil ImMbend) plane ia "t) 5'. arncrcai the tpoeiromnct anfuiai acccpUnfic

0 IWI The Arnertcan Ph^waJ SKK

161 3He Target requirements Fixed Target Electron Beam Window survival Thin and ctx>led Ionization effects on Rb and ^He Beam induced B-field effects Materials degradation Glass blackening, other radiation effects

162 Beam effects: 3He Polarization Relaxation 2 Beam effects: *He Polarization Relaxation Due to Magnetic Field Gradients Due to Ionization

5 Possible coincidence of the 'He Larmor frequency with the harmonics The rate of production of He* ions per unit .r., i, of the electron beam pulse frequency. <_ 4*tat fuW tC,«rw>g dE ^l^b°^Umn<^ i The sudden periodic appearance of transverse magnetic field compc* d(nji) S, e nents due to the beam micro structure. (For example, at both SLAC and Bates Linacs, this micro structure consists of pukes of several ps duration at 3M GHz. The electron beam is pulsed with 1.6 and 16 ps duration at 120 Hz and 600 rk respectively for SLAC and Bates.) (5)

> The gradients of the magnetic field produced by the beam which have? «*•" *w *u the time structure described above. J t*€r»»« Ti = fcmp-it i where u = J hdo = &(*!?) dE 1 1 *a- = n-. <=2.4- d(n3z) £ e *oui

'**•- ^

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AP, = /',(oasff-l)

-Table 1: 0^^^]^., A Br Lab tn f

*<=> (2) r AS, + J?. ~1 x 10-

£"™~4« (3)

163 PHYSICAL ntvitw c VOLUME ii.NUMBE* 1 FO*U*.«.Y im

ARTICLES

J£oS a hi ah density poluized He tw^et for tlccW* lcaltaitt

T E. Cl»i>pp aocl R A. LOvtmin* Hinnrd UftjHrvr* r*run tjtmfft C«—Andf>. J4aiurAutrtl (UI£I

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Wi ki^t dnelapoj * poUnird 'l!f Tarjtt Frm paUfUHitire"an icitirnnf mrmtuhrmcM*- IV laiyt k± p*itatLa«t- 'HcpoUfiuuqnUlaucu«D^Ei *n produced. Iimonl only b. rh« «T>iUbte laser power TV Vi pnUfiLVw o^BKflRfdwi bar\t**rtfn< run up <-Q«-*ASSM7»|>V tkcirmi. A nMMMt^WvrB/shfticHaticvatcJpalpnndite-inMalrant (roltntrt '}4r ranbrmcd ihai tot nwtln ift lh* tteaton hum tud I he eiptcfal ["ciadiiwicA The poluiLiuan u productd 'by »p-i& cubuije vnb lun opitcallr pumpul Hb »ipo«. and ld( l*rt«i ileup inpvpnrjiES l»o srfunwiJ ™luawS. one for op- freaf gumpnig and cht trift-tr far Ih* tlrciroo bdAto-tlsin.1. £.uc»jQra of < tit- 4rufV art p-raeucJ for tirduJiilckCtrQittuitcnni [rom poUnttd 'H< pl«iwdfc* SLAC »™J CES*F £**&iijppbkvp.$i# c&**'tkfa f* yo% AA^idfc PAC3 auoUnU 2*.TO. t», I) W.B .9UPj i. INTRODUCTION flc|!i|lble reLaii'< m >ht repkanltmnn ra« of ptslanttd '

Hiife detail)- polinitd JKE uifceu uain[ ipin etehiofc Tbti* rtû^rrrmnii ha*c beta auccsiftiftr tneorponi- vubph laser ff upfKJlly pumped Jib vipar f)t 1a»e re- « mJo a ]i*o clMrtbet tar|r< tiee Fig 11 whith teparalo j t» with beam o[ jp ta booifc^rcfrnSfll oczvrt Tbe n«a labna ait munlaiacd ]QOiiAorpoL«nJtJ ifidunpeUnii^J proiom (J,*). Stud ildifftTtni iBmpcr»tiira«niuttbeRBr«(kM-uc«»i*«d j ies of poUnvd *iuoo capture on peUnied 'Me arc also IO ihc pumping ceil- A iramfer tube of lenilb L aad --pUnnnl ai LAMPF (Jf. Seeauw ladt io inml ttcbnicaj lequirtmntt oat Ractd »r * MfV t(eeimo beam. ' (ar|Ctl docntonl in rcfetrncea H-JJ. Uo«ltr»>»iwluii rf I hew icquinMnii Mil follow fiom iht OiacuuK n of ihe IL PMNOPLES OF •» OPTICAL rUMfWC principles of P-h optical pumping and 'He polartxaito*; ATfO *H * POLAWZAT1Q t* (t«w«ver, ibc7 tn cAumtni«t iq ihu mfcoduetUH. Tb«7 *JC Ih4 tollowtni' lit Ttii cluitrm tâa m»* pcncVUC The drrtkrp&tCftt of (be (eCfittiquc ef jpifl Fich«l|< bv- wind?** lbai turv»E tbe hat kwd »orf nducm Se-k* M twn^rlcanlUacf optâllj cîaotd Rb »*pw *» iem well u maiflUIA J HIHBCT uulJblc lot VOalMUU.Bg \b< po- developed cm* ibe pan l»e yean ««d dearnbad kj Unicd 'Hm Uj) tbe ctfm of (lit ioniuttoa on Rb opiml irmil pm-icw pMbUcjiO^ Jl.U.i:]. In ibne wwAa, 1 pinnptm [101 tauit be elioiULAd: liitl "iK" btackemflc.* ie tho* ihat the polaruMioa of 'He ^reduced by ipin ie., the tdtodttoa ef coinr witft wiilim l&ejUaidiK lo achante wih unr* &C(IC*IIT pumped Ro Amldi up fram Ihc hi|,fi nduiton field a/ ffi* vfeei/WT bam, TDHK tw *c- commodauv.arrflirh the rclaaanon i»(« of* He potent- m*

•Nere Plk a tbe »*rnt|e deCtiM* iptit fOKrtuuim of lb* L t+JCS*^jCUf».CA*WW Rb vfper, rM •» lbcrtieo'ipin c^ciiante. T u the iwal

164 Laser light

6mm OD colt Inun wall clcciron benm

— »~ / / iscr light - / / -*- f

Target Properties ;

« Density -1020 3He nucloi/cm3 • Thickness of 4*1020 3He nuclei/cm2

• Luminosity of -SxlO34 at 25 jxA • End window thickness from 120 to 180 Jim • Uses ~4W laser al power at 795 nm

165 Polarization Measurement

10 NMR calibrated with proton NMR in H O (@ 30 Gauss) 6* a (15*1*)

6.6-1 Neutron Polarization (LAMPF, Grenoble)

3 rfe

dHe ( e, e ) 3He (elastic scattering - Bates)

3 ife(d,p)4He(©20MeV);c/^ txkh &• *W%p}%

T 10 Tut* After Mud FulM

166 B0 PowoF supply — Target Control Compute'

J\J Look-in V\ Amplillei

RF-slgnal -rJ^ jk generator

Lock-In Ampllllflr RF amplifier

HP --iv T^^ —i—i—i—i—r~

-X- 10 fV

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_i 1 1 1 ! I t__j__ 400 600 BOO 1000 Time (orb unit! 1 6- tSwefia _:>| 1 B- jibajs-i ef&fc Table 1: Coatirbutioas to systematic error of P*D 1 *- 1 4- Source %QiA j Proton NMR 3% 1.2- 12- ?% Jg&iEdUd! 4 awKun ropeirt 1 i >fauf •>% 1 m 1 0 - » 1.0- Mailer measurement of P, 5% J"" r os- Total = 6%r | 1 i C 0 fi | 0.6- J (8) ll «- 0 «- If \ J 0 2- o -- p _ Sj n, )n V -*^ >«*•««• *>\ 1j /it w iVV***"^ ^*^-* _-/Vw_ «S» 00- J 0 0- 1 1 • ) \ 1 1 1 1 .1 0 -7 5 7.0 -6.S '6 0 -i.O •7.5 -7.0 -6.5 -6 0 V V (103

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168 Uyr own i. £ f#>7 V- Tit

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Ti£*i* a, 10: Hail icnlH of fkc ftb-Rb ipia d**trtirtk* ru« BMWWIII U dtutik «f Oiiallx IONun-' f» Nj tmffo «M pn^-j* ^-400 *ad MO tetf. L, uno. ol b««« «*• P<«w*. „„,•._!» Tbe feu >**• l1™*1" * 0.007 H./U, - «« ' «*» *>- "*>"£'• * „ expo-*otiaL Therefore, each trauient w«j measured three tines and the ftaaj result ± iu u avenge ol these nxaiuremciiti with the total error in the rate deleTixujiatioa given fcyth e fluctuation* in the rai*. In addition, a cnull contribution k due to errors in the relative density neafnrenieAti. A tab]* J" the typical *«* of emir du« to tj>* various •ourca i* listed* in Table 5.1.

Rwulu

The jesults cduu'nni are plotted is F;g. 5.10. The remit* Car the itte constant far this proms at*:

s 19 a < ff30V >= /,99 ± a.41 x 10-"an /a and 8,35 ± 0.SS x 10- an /«. for th«

drfbitifln of U* «!»•!« »f ».«. u M" Numerical Simulation Two Volume nmiei i i i . i ••- 1 1 '' i' .Arf-4.* s OH

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171 I POLARIZED PROTON | TARGET 3. T>ynew»iic NucW- P*Wi*tfft#"

D. Crabb (Virginia)

SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics A-mflftofltCL February 6,1992

172 •slcnrciisn - | D.flP «*~ •*?«/»/ labs.

cryogenics Wirt P^r 5900 e»c«ss J ~'Vv

magnet power supply

OS***. '

173 KWS2 /~UMiA/QS\TY Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Solid ammonia "p > ,.

Volume 300 cm**3 (10 cm long) / ^ x /O Awfe^vis Power Absorption 2 W cm' Luminosity 3 10**35 /(s cm**2)

C" t)€o^ - 2 |0%tt

Problems -P ^-5-^JtfO."» * Dilution 3/17 L Fast Spin reversal Stfc

crJ.S Bwd-Q^i ^ sec* -7 ~ / %„y- yfc beam £* 10 //5«^ - S*yfc'/W %i -> £>-»"£. fO

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175 Cool +o ^.(kr

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176 J A

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Heat Exchanger

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8S3&

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mipie.

4. Conclusion*

Se COnoJ^p tnnonfj with 1 fit Siiji^ (if Both Ennince™

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0.1 I L_ _L 12 3 4 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Reverse TRANSPORT Expansion Order 10-91 J030A3 MOMENTUM (GeV/c)

233 r t. y n -0 £ L0 o +1 CA ii J, l\ U -4> (a) Oi , o 30 < h ^ BEND PLANE ^ FOCUSSING

6 G*v// V _VJ ~> Vfc-^

234 (E)

!»•<•. magn-ur *[i-ttrorTwteT ij-'st*m* Tor oeutrun ipin (trurturr funciiOD g* a pro part ian») tc Iht- dlftVrrntr v«r •p ot,- A° A£ AO, Thede»i£n J! t»o mAgii'dc i|-'{iram»!>r* for tbr inea- 9 aui-enieht of the *pin-dep'ud'iu iiruriurp function yj1 of lbeiumofthr*c«tt*Tmgero45»tttionsio which the beam itif neutron iad J lai of lb* Ei'irk*n awn tuU n di- and tajgri poJa/ualions ar* par&llrl *cr»US anti-jjutaUt! «nb-J The m* as u* em en l H'II, feidsni cf ica.llerm? Thr beim polnrnation mil be rn«utii?d by m?iB« of a 20 Gr&lU O. I wsr .I 7 0.3 «*- * 5-% 2D G*V pdaiued eUrtfQ'w ofT a pilftfil'j 'He target anil Molltr polariui«« j3| and ihe t&rgrt polattiftiiod tv t*u C delecting sratirtrf] elearom of * 10 ll* fi*V At 1 5* BJl'l NMK tf^hniquea [5 7] J* E&ih if-ctfoinrtrt ,s bas*d on i"*' Iwg* apertur- dipole maftifti bending 10 dppoiit* direction* This "re THE MAGNET SYSTEMS verie" deflection, design double* trie tolid angl^ u Kid ;>ion ld-ntlfic.Al.on with angular piii-, concceLe bltuki for bubgrdunel thielding Mil JtioTnenturn resolution? iLifh^j-tn fur the experiments! The den ft n of thr two fbiienu «M dnvrn by icveral f- mpitallj of the order oflO"M cm3/(icGeV) MOTIVATION The *4>KLmecry in the cuiss iettidfn of the two dirTei*ot 0Z 0.6 t 6% Thti pipe* d*Miih« (h* dfiifji. pf luo magnetic »pec- •pin oneniatiana ti aba predicttd to be irnill of thr or- M.S 1.1 J l(afnr;rilci tli*t Mill ml mfuuje >K« ipln- •pkn (liuciurt (uritlion mruuiementt require spKiiopne- dpptndcni LUUL(>II* n !3^(J1 6f thr neutton in ihr i«rt witri thr largest puilklt to I id afi^le- otct * momentum *-e<-j>Lancc twi|* extending (torn 1 la IS GeV/{ BjOrUn u&l.ng -jtiilil* f tfOm 0 OJL ID D T w-tfh iquared In addition the*e*m.*U KUteting aAft1* tpccltoitwUn 16 (Cvcgi 6) fl.l ^0.<» £0.5 » 10% lr^ Bjoiktn jj^liiitadon turn rule )r.'' atioolil br- nbJe 10 tupprpi* *n expected lu^e photon back ground coming (torn the target due to brentttirahlung radiation, radiative Waller ataitejing and tbt decay of i :^L' ..rO-il / [?*(*•) - f?[x)>* = tu phototriCfdutt-d »" mewm Background rate estimate! \%) L 1L ha^e inrficntcd the need fot at {east a 'two bounce tvi- whtff ffi') ii th» pmion ipm.drprnJrnt tlrnitblt futii- lem" (lb* ihape of the ipectiomcter apenuie ihould. »i-

Hen. 0, Li the QCD coupling emm&nt *.ui g,/uv 1 «• Ihe bw a. pk>l»n t& i«th \bt drtetiw* onlj aftei bounonfi iaiit>rjf thr Mjil Ii> urclAt «'«M1L tduplio; ronsmnii in lh> twice or the magnet gaps or wtium walls) in otdrr to nucleon hn\ t{ffi\ Thf M|wnn»nt ii ilto expntpd 113 keep this background at a tolerable level JT6Hdf-kiluabli- infoimition m undt-r&Iwirlmf iht vit-ld- The room*alum resolution of the *p*c(,rorneien is de- luir of iht Elhs-Jfcffe quiiL part&n mod<-l turr. rult ^} w fintd Iolfl> b> the required z resolution Tbr TTOK KC- mcuurcii b> th* EMC colliLoribon [•)! lion as_viruneiriej aie n&t espetied lo exhibit thv niabl"- dependence on momentum trim far \4] A reulution in THE EKPEItlMtM s tsi^mg from ±0 004 at J=0 035 lo ±CHJ7 at x=0 7 T!l^rIpMlJl]^^ll r^niais tit \r4t»7;nt a ^?" G»V Ion lil/t = ±0 101 is eonsideiw! *oVquat# foi I|>P mrili »f J the a»>inme[jj meaiurem'ntfc Tins ir*nslaies tt> a re. ptu.ijna.I> po;.,:.j^J rl.':iwn t-arr, off i t^:ar:wi iir - rjuir'd mom-nuni trv ilutipn that va.rir> rmrn — ;• "'7t at ) ttirL.1 iv-iri 1 latt*-' ') *i"J •i-iffliJiii i, 4l"-:-.i fufit:- ti^. Ji; F =7 CvVff t.. -:".>'1 at r=!l- CA : (or both ip<-o

~~.- Cri^'X/fi TiSI ri-s,;;:,, fnr fc'.nul-l dep r ifattering *V ? f^3 -rtni.-!!^ a: 5LAf 'f 1U ha*^~~

~~.6 trcv/L 3 ^sv- ^Oi°/o 0.^ NV ±5%~~

~~235 TOP VIEW Dipole Magnets Hodoscope - -- (-Guv^e - — i3(ji)V.c 10G«Vc — 15GeV.'c~~

thai th« titieîcir f*ck*(e i» U'ati-'i al jrproîrna>*lv th^ prima.!v brain Vijni tills ton^'tlits! cievinoTi m»lts Lwn miga.tu ipcritemeift iyn»Itll LB<1 d'lrtln' P^c'hWti Tht Jipoln B:0I id BlM lad tfc-quuliupolc Q'JOI : rirmtms brm i}.* S'_AC 10 CA'/c ipr-rii^nM-HT Tit JipuK* S91 4mJ B*i » dement, fiarntfcc SLAf S GrV/c ih^cDnrrrtPiirjcmr- required fot iii»!ding Ihr drinJlors I SOL iha-n. a » »«i o! wi:» dumb-en it Lhr -4 >* *'m AII.I/UI « ihird hniloH-ope n bath iiii I i)n Jrr cnntitlrration! from room blt^ûild {onsiilrrj'Liij JI-M nwrnn ctiin- pWrJ W Vht ton.iFnt.ioii3l liiijn «.ilh bota 4lptrl« b^Cld- l«5 up Thpitrtij-pa nie» to peaMng ii a maximum v»!uc of -0 6 nur (or tbi* ten ligmlicBrit cttnj-niit brnefitt u boili the KL-UW time *bd 1 1 i till moment utn but (tiling i»pidV sn e*h^r ntt» of Off appatiLui (tKti 4fr rmturrujtd leLtit*. nwrrcruum Thr d«igrvi were tiled ofl two larj- SLAC 8 GoV/c In. ihe revrv? t«rtd deiipi, ih* ti-nj p| pr»iimo or tpnturr dipole majneu both beading in the *«ftif> di(tt> 4llr Speclrometer T* SpMiiamaHH the Hilt*fed pvtiilti at thp Artfân .J.pcnds wesiily lion A new d»itli Un- 4iveTi.mte of th«r Fig 1 R»itun loi tTie 7* i!>rri!i]inrlr| [rj| tfcn 0( 4lS>jent m«'mnm tai remaining eoojuni aver a. large momentum tnomt-nt* uti|in4linf liam khr i-rmer of itie paUmed t«r(et " i ft ^ ^~^^^ " ttijecwrj « tbr f^,,t of ihr *p^(ir*ni-!cr This lesulu ml*-nn\ ±Fft" •- 300% The aolid angle of the 'mny ',< 1 All U;* UrdiiTii with FF»prfi io ibfepBliiJ tujecton of th» \ ^~~ in A Loss in mcr/ientum remlutiar nut crui-cti tn thr ex - 1 ayilrIR [B, *• 5» = 0 mf £' = 10 CV/ci A.U= *liows «e bend thpole doublet eonfinuraliiari. when Ihle^ra-Lcd Dirr \ E13Q DO •\ I periment, bui (pt-idi out tor pn.n barlp-ound which iht .10* nai.net poln ( ilir "cDDvrMionar tonFifutafion Th-aolid an|!r of thr r JtowiDg m*MUrfX(rtU *l » fuel; •'«^* plan r»lr (wo iptfLiotrvftfti inawn is s. funetiun of monmium u \\i 1 in Figs 3 ud 3 \ The pmpoie jf tlip \\J\ and a Kjirientni ]r*$. '!' \ In the bend plane the qimdriipslf (causing iinprovei the tei thi? rf|««nr between the two dipoki was diojen to br J ;A i i 1 "* {lass eftlQiimrtci of 2^ tadi.itDM, lengths ill a fly's eye *T- mumenHjni re»;ui; n of the i>*trn: .u. bwh Ih<* WHIM 0 iansenwiii [i3] TLr Hi-ru^m. ,\\ be d"iir.(niinet± from •} m and ih( t*o deflection ingles "* tot B:i)2 mJ 12* far 1D 15 w uid dwetgtnte of \hr aratleretl pttticlrs ai the exit or Bii Ihll (ointilniliori mako Lhf jprrlromel*r a "irtO the lajge pion bjrk(:niind u»;r.( |h* p(lll of |1S llueshold theflpKtrojtirirr irr rorrelated *nh rpt> n hli>m llir in- bount»' iiiipin for photons and It the lime Hint pii;- MOMENTUM (GeV/c) r T f'rfulD' tr>uncer« Ifl [Oinfidrntr Tlir pair of hîLi-opr* trnduction o\ ih» q »JiiiLioif tniict-. vh» hi^hU p-iWr*! mli-i ii(ITi'i*aL taoi di*pet»Miii '." d'-.rtmw.iiii tW it v. u v»;M preî^' ir.vl.11^ n.Lriv. v.,.,,. & «I-I1 ^ i,[::::>£ ,rfor- lered putKl* morineiilJ In Uif i V arm the dcnVti.xt «LJ ifljle ,ii (hi. „„,. ,jf r to 10 <*A ( JnJ fri«« Ihr

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The iniltai (at »he target) produeuon coot !m.v* \a 0,, Vi and s. and ihr momentum of the partid" iraripi- iriRR" ihr r-iiilaiinii.itIWT of Ui- sllO«>-l signal-- by PIOJIS pmed through ln»"sp*f.Womeier6 will lie re«n«nJtrLX«J*iiiHil!i [I-i; Tlir I*.. iVrennov counl-rx of earh sp-'troinrLef using the final (at lh« i&tand hodoscope 1QCO.IIQH( V j. fl; 2 ani-l 4 m in li-ni^rh pmplov TO- railiator g.i- lircnu*- of yy and ?y coordinate"! of the pArliclr* The very Inriif E142 KsplDprftmiif l»u,* wiMlllalion jnd low ef.^. ^-clion-fgr momentum biles *>F Ihe ipwlronwlMs require at le«M n 4,5" Spectromeler

~~third-ordc, tn^tta TRANSPORT1" exfanwon m y; and! or~~

for rtennstrueting the particle (lWTWnl» «- can bt HMi in - IIJ ''''•r-ni^ ;oun*.-r wilt nj!-»rai^ »i a [hirihrjM for li^hi Figs 7 and 8. The angular roorumaies 0„ &nil s5. nrr pru-Ju""tiLiii l.i pimii pf 9 CIA - and the -1 ni C*ie»Lo« well retonslrurted by ». Aerond-ordfj tfntrsr rijxiiikiun in ecuiin-r at a ihtîmld of 13 G*V/f The e.tpeeied num- leritL nf the final coordinates brj I'f plicto^lr-Iron^ p-r uicidcni electron v. r.ilfnlaied CO b-*. *flri l.ikuiji tnc atrount all tii«*e* greater than 7 S SUMMARY AND OCTLOOK r«ul(insi5 *ti drtrrlicn efKi^n.-j c»i.rr UB5V1 The reverse bend design jenr^klly i* a ptarutai. efli- The LW! ^miillalLir hodoi(of.rs wilt ocovid' d&u iot a iieiil configuration fo-r low lesoluiion expenmeni^ tlmi jr. aiaiislical rvaluaiicn orpiJisiblr ^y-fieniaiic efff" m Uir quire high moment urn f > 10 GrV/<) ipp|r>% mftin- |e#d.|i>n id'HTlficalion for rOf'>*urin£ * Hodoscop&)T •isolhe as>Tiillirir* of nr11.511- puir. yield* uhltn li M- Anoltl*t tspenniem uiinR ln^ i«t Speenonwter P.JV- Traeh,n thr eu»rgj d'-fOiil-d HI Ihr lrii|rg,!»« CAIUTUIWIC! The r o Pertecl | 9 1 tems is be»>g prt»pa**d \tW\ si SLAC m meaitmim d«v »f itierinK wisl * !!• rii"-»j-ui-J »i'h *>ry ji-od resolutiun hi uihi-r phyiicti goal of ihr experiment inelaatjr itallthnji of !i 9 CfV polimrj rlectrom from J_ ii.in^ ihe bodPMCuip- ira**- mfi/rrmitiwi Tlir fine seiinrii- Tbr finr «egntenUtion of Ihr b^.liwtDpr-* [iliere are • I ,- A^ r r polarned unmoni* (NHj) and H^>llr^sl^J amrrn>nip»f NDji 0.1 J_ t.iUrin uf lh» thow»r cf tf-nl« 'T|J •»*^' I" '-id* a n»*:V*.ur'- — U'f bfinuHaiur rleinenii j»*r iprclti>m*-irr i **•** rhosrn 1 ? 3 4 laigelk Thr- same tprrtrLinirier design tati\i\ hr UNrd in Ui tol--iai' Ibr Liiil- nê'ie,! [ hotiSh and nruiron bad the psbmed eitpirttwnti jcuaitlf with a pUoonl \lT^ w ReveisB TRANSPORT Expansion O'der (r-njji.l* .iml [,, /.-(jriMtud »n', MilFifient t-vlimin ihe upp-ided brim ^rgi cf 50 fiA' pr -du.-iii.t. f.,„r.:.t.al4i. yf ihr i.-*.."f\ îtu'l-- UMII

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~~4.5" Spoctromeler~~

~~Hodoscopo RESOLUTION Intiirrafc Tracking~~

~~Momentum *O.0V. * t.2%~~

~~Bend Piano Anglo *><, ± 0 7 mr ± o.9 mr~~

~~Non-bend Plans Angle UQ 0 mr ± 0.3 mi~~

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~~RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SHOWER DETECTORS~~

~~A. Bodek (Rochester) Looks "eD^°^l ^° ^° <4-«A. •yifc'Jr~~

~~SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electrop traduction and Spin Physics February 6,1992~~

~~LSA W,tfWi£jp2rt»fl2~~

239 Arte BoSel - Umvertjty of Rochevcz 2. SLAC workshop Ft*, S-8.92 Collaborators (from U of R) Work done in conjunct with R+D on CDF endcap Recent Developments in Shower Detectors calorimeter upgrade and SSC tile calonmeter R*D.

A. Bodek Talk will be within the contex of adding a fly's eye R. C. Walker preradiator to ihe present E143 design. P. de Barbaro M. Pillai P. Koehn Present design two lead glass arrays Schou type F2 (r.!.=3.17 F. Qun cm) arranged in Fly's eye configuraiiun. Eac-'h block is 6x6x75 cm (24 r.L). These blocks were used by ASP and had better than 10%/sqrtE resolution. It is anticipated that in a Fly's eye geometry the blocks will have 7%/sqrtE resolution

The two arrays covers an area of 60cmx 120cm (10x20 blocks). Each is read by 200 XP2212PC phototubes. The proposal is to add a 3 radiationlengt h pi-radiator of identical geometry. Two new technologies were investigated.

1. 6 cm x 6 cm x 3 rl. lead glass blocks read with green BCF91A wavelength shirting fibers. 2. 6cm x 6cm x 3 rl lead scintillator sandwich in a tower geometry, with the scintillator read with BCF9IA green i wavelemh shifting optical fibers. "=> 1^<-^i H*^ ftvJ -S '*y

~~The lead scintillator technology was chosen as the more ^-»-V~~

~~24Q COSMIC ROY SPECTRUM~~

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242 ^ 7- Studies with Lead Glass. P 3 cr _S- -v Tested 3 rl piece offtF6 ( density 5.2 gm/cm3, n = 1,80^ s<~J<=,k-SFL JL. ^^.-^ color 42/36 i.e 80% transmision at 420 nm and 5% transmission ! T r "r " i at350nm). OW^ur) r.(, «ff. — i r~T—r -T-~T .-p-r-r o - 5 £ If) - \ •-% J7 fM With direct coupling to the phototube we find that a cosmic ray ^ •«*_ i j 3. ^ W E muon, traversing the 3 rl yields^O photoelectron at the ; ^ > phototube, or §J PE's per radiationlenath . 3? •-S VU o The de/dx of a muon in each r.l is 12 Mev and it produces d_ It,- N photoelectrons per radiation leng:h. Therefore a 1 GeV 1> o •A J fM 1- shower will have 1000N/12 phoioelectrons, which yields a 1 e phototube T -J O will yield a resolution of I' %/sqit(||VSiirtE or •iT/SqrtE i u J "7 ^ Q s U in from photostatics. Unfoiunately, we cannot coupk Jireetly to L 1 s the phototube in a tower geometry. Reading the cosm' ~ ray G (0 rn :*"S in muon with the lead glas^ to which we slued E t A wavelength 1- c shifting fibers with BC408 clear cpoxy. yields for the 3 O _i radiation length. O U / CD l>? n ~ fi. II Cosmic ray through 3 r.l SF6 * fiber 2.57 PE's LJ Cosmic ray through fiber bundle only 1.06 PE's J H (BCF91A is slightly scintillating) > O L. IT) Light yield from lead g'as.s only 1.50 PE's i i '1W IK, Therefore, the light \ ield is 0,5 PE per radiation length. 3 1 i h lj| 1 This translates into a resolution of 14%/SqrtE for the lead glass —:. .L.. j 1 , , lit. preradiator read with green fiber. - o NlHi, 's I.MOO;")

~~243 Since, BCF91A scintillates, the IPS per min ionizing particle C^Y0l~~

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~~248 The lead scintillator design~~

8 plates, 2mm lead, 4 mm BC408 Bicn n PVT scintillator. Total is 2.94 radiation length. WHITE EPOXY OPTOICAL ISOLATION YIELDS A FAST (r. 1. of lead is 5.2 ram, and for scintillator 424mm) AND LOW COST PRODUCTION PROCESS. Expected resolution from EGGS is 6.6%/sqnE. In real life For each of the 60cm x 120cm array, the production technique one may expect about 7.5%/sqriE (see below) staits with 8 sheets of 70cm x 130cm of 2mm lead and 8 sheets of 60cm x 120cm of 4mm PVT scintillator. For a 30 GeV shower 8.3% of the energy will be in the preradiator on average. The energy resolution of the lead scintillator preradiator will not degrade the expected 7%/sqrtE All around the scintillator, white epoxy in a 30 mill gap is resolution of the lead glass, and add to the pion rejection. used to glue a frame of white lucite to the scintillator to increase the area to 70cm x 130 cm. This frame is used for light The measured response of a single muon ionizing particie lighting and for screw holes to connect the 8 sheets of through each of the 8 tiles is 10 photoelectrons. Therefore., a scintillator and 8 sheets of lead together. single particle through all 8 tiles in a tower will yield 80 photoelectrons, which makes triggering on more than 1 rnip in ( We tested Bicron BC408 PVT scintilht.-r and a variety of the preradiator rather easy ( can select electrons \\ ith high Japanese Polystirene scintllators like SCSNS1. The PVT efficiency and reject against pions). scintillator yields 60% more light),

Lead-scintillator tile fiber calorimeters were tested at FNAL a 25 mill (0.6 mm) milling bit is used to groove the scintillator (one for SDC and two for CDF upgrade). The resolutions were with 3 mm gooves (the scintillator is 4 mm diick) into 6cm x 6 in agreement within 10% of the expectations from EG*S. A cm squares (10x20 of them). The groove is filled with white published fit to EG^fS predictions yields a resolution of 6.7% epoxy ( we tested BC600 with white Titanium Oxide mixed by for 2mm lead with 4 mm scintillator. For other lead thickness Bicron). The sheet is turned around and another 3 mm groove T in mm, and other scintillator thickness S, and for N is cut on the other side. It is also filled with white epoxy, photoelectrons per tile per minimum ionizing particles we resuling in a singe sheet which is optically segmented. derive: Sigma/E =6.7%/SqrtE( 1+0.3/N) A dentist drill ( Ball Groove) is used to mill out a hall groove x fJ72mm)**0.67 (4mm/S) **0.29 for the wavelength shifting fibers in a circular sigma pattern with the fiber corning out at the surface. Bicron BC91,0.81 (note that for 10 PE's per tile per mip, the photostatics mm in diameter, green wavelenglh shifting fibers are mirrored contribution is negligible). on one end and pushed into the hall groove. Each tile is read with a single readout fiber. The scintillator is v,rapped \n a singHsheet of alurainized mylar ( with a possible mask for uniformity) and the fibers are brought out along the surface of the scintillator above the mylar sheet.

A total of 20 1 mm stainless steel tubes arc put along the tile centers paraUs! to the fibers for radioactive source calibration. The geometry is 2mm lead, mylar. 4 mm scintillator, 1mm gap for fiber readout and source tubes, repeated 8 times for a total depth of 8x7mm = 5.6 cm. Each tower has 8 0.83 mm fibers going to c small phototube. The Fibers are glued on through 1mm holes in a a white !ucite cookie. The cookie is then connected with an air gap tr- the phototube.

The tiles are tested with a Cobalt 60 jamm source that is pushed through the source tubes. It is expected that the rms light response from tile to tile is of order 7%. The tile to tile reponse is then made uniform at thefl% level usinj an optical filter with different gray scales at the locations each nbers. The tiles can be tested at any time with :he source uS'ng the source tubes. It is possible that the last scintillator tile ( behind th: 8th sheet of Lad and before the lead glass) may require a different gain since it will see back scatter from die Lead glass, while all the other tiles see back scatter from the lead. This will be investigated in EGGS and can put into the optical filter gray scale requirements.

Using the radioactive source, and cosmic ray muons, die prerddiator can be made uniform at thei% level without having any beam, and using EGGS, its calibration can be known at the 10% level (using die muon peaks) without any beam. • The Jro u.\>lp With Thfskottf Ccua/er^

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280 Feasibility of (e,e'ir) Coincidence Experiments in the Deep Inelastic Region FEASIBILITY OF COINCIDENCE ELECTROPRODUCTION IN THE F. S. Dietrich, LLNL DEEP INELASTIC REGION SLAC Workshop, Feb. 6, 1992

~~F. Dietrich Bottom line: 1- to 3-week experiments measuring w (LLNL) spectra along the momentum transfer direction are feasible.~~

~~Possible applications:~~

SLAC Workshop on High 1. Nuclear absorption of hadrons produced in Energy Electroproduction and deep inelastic scattering Spin Physics 2. Dependence of ir/p ratio on Q2, W February 6,1992 3. Q2 dependence of e+p--> e + p + 7r

~~E5A Workshop 2Jh/92~~

281 Absorption of hadrons produced in DIS on Results from EMC at higher v than in Osborne/ nuclear targets carries information on quark Perl expt show very little nuclear absorption interactions in nuclear matter and hadron formation lengths

~~l>4 I, 1 curt) 4 0.9 I 0.2~~

No current model adequately explains difference Srt -1 I I I I I L_ between SLAC and EMC results 0 I .2 3 q 5 6 *(Feynman) Present status discussed on Saturday (M. Gyulassy), along with recent FNAL E665 results (V. SLAC (Osborne/Perl) results on nucleus/deuterium ratio Papavassiliou) of hadron yields shows significant nuclear absorpcion

282 Possible difficulties in interpreting the early Ratio of p/ir fragmentation functions is SLAC experiment nearly constant in leading particle region Data weighted at low Q2, near onset of scaling —j ,—, 1 r 0.4 No particle ID; spectra mainly IT, but with an « D£/O:" unestimated p contamination - 0.3 °b No binning in v, expected to be the controlling % 0.2 variable for hadron formation length; v <20 GeV, M with 0> approximately 10 GeV •" 0.1 / M I -

~~An improved low-v experiment is needed; in the i _i i i foreseeable future this can be done only in ESA 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 Z~~

~~Results from EMC above; also seen in e+e- (TPC)~~

~~This behavior not approved by QCD experts (Strikman, Brodsky)~~

~~Q2 dependence of ratio can bt studied in ESA~~

~~Use threshold Cerenkov to separate p, ir~~

283 Harvard/Cornell invariant structure functions for Parameters for estimates of (e,e'Tr+) ir+ show approximate independence of Q2, W (Feynman scaling) Beam. Max current: 50 mA Fits to these results used in present estimates Pulse width: 2.5 fxs (Bebek et al., Phys. Rev. D16, 1986 (1977)) Repetition rate: 120 pps

~~Target. 6% radiation length Fe~~

~~Electron spectrometer. (From letter of intent for (e,e'p) experiment) AQ=0.68msr; AP/P=20% Ranges 2-16 GeV/c; 9-13.5 deg~~

~~Pi spectrometer. (Existing 8-GeV spectrometer) AG=0.8msr; AP/P=4% Ranges 1-8 GeV/c; 11-30 deg~~

~~Coincidence resolving time: 1 nsec~~

Limits (using Wiser t production data): Max 7r/e in electron spectrometer: 40 Data in exclusive region (near x' — x(Feynman)— 1) Max e/pulse in electron spectrometer: 1 also appear nearly independent of Q2. Why? Min real/accidental ratio: 2 4-11 GeV Nu range available with new Possible experiment on Nu dependence 16-GeV and old 8-GeV spectrometers of nuclear absorption Goal: 10% result on Fe/D ratio Requires 3 incident energies

e Angle 10 des Nu(GeV) E(GeV) hr/200 cts 0.7 4 14 18.1 Nu Time PIP PI Ang % W 5 14 12.4 CeV hr/IOOcis GcV/c deg (Q«v/c)-2 GeV 6 14 51.4 E(bcam): 14 GeV | 4 36.3 2.80 22.70 4.25 0.567 2.03 6 19 11.8 5 24.7 3.50 16.92 3.83 0.408 2.54 7 19 8.0 6 25.7 4.20 12.79 3.40 0.302 2.96 Elbeam): 19GtV| 8 19 8.0 6 5.9 4,20 20.01 7.50 0.667 2.15 8 24 12.2 7 4.0 490 16 18 6.93 0.528 2.66 8 4.0 5.60 13.16 6.35 0.423 3,09 9 24 3.4 Elbeam): 24 GeV 1 10 24 1.8 8 6.1 5.60 18.63 11.67 0.777 2.05 9 1.7 6. .10 15.76 10.94 0.648 2.61 il 24 1.8 10 0.9 7.00 13.39 10.21 0,544 3.07 0.459 11 0.9 7.70 11.40 9.48 3.47 Sum on Fe 128.9 hr Same on D 128.9 hr 100.0

~~en E 100 Two E changes 16.0 hr C3 s £ 1.0 Total 273.8 hr 01 2 4 6 6 10 12 Nu (GeVI x2 (efficiency) 547.6 hr~~

~~Total experiment 22.8 days Times for v < 6 GeV can be reduced by factor of 4 by using large solid angle optics for 8-GeV spectrometer~~

285 High Nu requires low-angle, high momentum pi spectrometer z dependence can be mapped from approximately 0.3 upward Example: E: Proposed 16-GeV spectrometer at 13.5 deg Pi: a 14-GeV spectrometer, 4 to 13 deg Ebeam 22 GeV z Time PIP e Angle 9 deg hr/lOOas GeV/c Nu 9 CeV 0.3 310.6 2.70 pi Angle 12.52 dcg 0.4 70.4 3.60 20.0- Qsq 7.04 (GeV/ct"! 0.5 18.6 4.50 % 15.0. » * 0.42 0.6 5.3 5.40 g 10.0. . W 3.27 GeV 0.7 1.6 6.30 - 5.0. • • O.fl II 7.20 •= o.o. JVi""._. 0.9 1.2 8.10 10 15 20

MulGcV) 1000.0 » • B 100.0. E beam 26 GeV c Anjfle 13.5 deg C 100 " 2 0.7 £ • 1.0- . • • • . Nu Time HP F! Ang 0*1 X W 00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 CtV hr/lOOcu GeV/c deg (GeV/cl"2 GeV 13 17.8 9.10 12.80 18.68 0.706 2.57 14 5.6 9.80 11.06 17.24 0.656 3.15 IS 2.6 10.50 9.53 15.80 0.562 3.64 16 1.6 11.20 8.16 14.37 0.479 4.07 Times for z _<_0.4 can be reduced by factor of 4 by 17 1.9 11.90 6.94 I2.9J 0.405 4.45 using large solid ^ngle optics for 8-GeV spectrometer IS 3.2 12.60 5.85 11.49 0.340 4.81 19 5.6 13. JO 4.87 10.06 0.282 5.14 (necessary for measurement at z=0,3) 20 10.2 14.00 3.97 8.62 0.230 5.46

~~Nu = 13 to 20 GeV accessed in this example Possible experiment on z dependence An example of Q2 (or W) variation of nuclear absorption at fixed Nu~~

~~Goal: 10% result on Fe/D ratio e Angle 10 deg Nu 8 GeV 2 0 7 PiF 5.60 CeV/c — Z — hr/200 cts~~

0.4 35.2 Qsq E TEnie n Ang X W 0.5 37.2 (GtVfcll GeV hrMOOas •lCR GsV 5.47 18 6.1 12.03 0.364 3.23 0.6 10.6 6.35 19 4.0 13.16 0.423 3.09 0.7 3.2 7.29 20 2.8 14.29 0.486 3.93 8.29 21 2.0 15.40 0553 2.76 0.8 2.2 9.36 22 1.6 16.49 0.624 2.56 0.9 2.4 10.48 23 2b 17.57 O.WS 2.32 11.67 24 6.1 18.63 0-777 2.05 Sum on Fe 90.8 hr 7.0 Same on D 90.8 hr 6.0 . . » 5.0.

~~Total 181.6 hr = 3.0. S 2.0 . * 1.0. x2 (efficiency) 363.2 hr 0.0 . . . . 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 Total experiment 15.1 days 0.34 [GeV/cPZ~~

Adding z=0.3 point raises total to 41 days Factor of — 2 variation in Q2; - 1.5 in W Possible experiment on Q2 dependence Conclusions Goal: 10% result on Fe/D ratio These simple estimates show that (e,e'7r) hr/200 cts Q2(GeV/c)2 E(GeV) experiments are feasible with existing and currently 5.47 IS 12.2 proposed spectrometers. Details to be worked out. 7.29 20 5.6 9.36 22 3.2 11.67 24 12.2 ir/p separation possible with pressurized freon Cerenkov counters (as in early Ccrnell expts). Sum on Fe 33.2 hr Same on D 33.2 hi A 3-week experiment on v dependence of nuclear absorption may resolve a long-standing discrepancy Three E changes 24.0 hr between SLAC and CERN/FNAL results.

Total 90.4 hr Extension to the 50-GeV era would probably require x2 (Efficiency) 180.8 hr new small-angle spectrometers with large solid angle (5-10 msr) to beat the SLED duty factor. Total experiment 7.5 days

~~288 ff?CM (V«Ci£t p.. Miirtee. £Lf)C Z-7-9Z~~

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We propose to make cointddence meaiuremenU of the quwielutic (e.e'p) croavsectioa on aevcnl nuclei from carbon ID gold in the Q' range of 1 to T (CeV/c)3 tiling the Nuclear • USED MUCLEBR Prrysics ttittcroR. AT SLRC PhytoalfliecVwfcndEndStmtwn AipectfomclenatSLAC. Tht l.ftGeV/e spectrometer 4 % •>* ^ will be used for detection of quaaiclastically scattered electron* and the 8 GeV/c spectrom }J e eter for recoil proton detection. The 8 GeV/e spectrometer will be configured in the Urge JJI i_r -2-*-z^v acceptance mode which provides 4 our solid angle Cor proton moowcta up to 4.7 GeV/c. Because of the significant kinematic focussing of the recoil protons which occurs *t high duty ftu.tx>* = 2 U-x.10 QJ, thii allows 1009* acceptance of the Fermi cone for « (GeV/c)'. The background rates for the experiment have been e*ten*Wely studied tiling cKUting SLAC data, and the reautting accidental rates do not interfere with the ability to cany out the proposed measurements. The missing energy resolution ia 6 M«V at the lowest Qa and increases to U***- l-fc G*^«- electron spetti?ow«tc« 13 MeV at (J1 « 7 (CeV/e)'. Beam energies from l.fl to S.l GeV at -"—TITTI current will be required from NPI operating in regular mode. One weak of checkout at low pulae c? Cety^ Hudson sWctt?otnete? rate and six calendar weeka of high rate (120 Hz) data taking are required. There are two goal* of thia experiment. Firstly, we plan to-teat our jindarstandffig of ouaeielaatic aenttatwn f^aa'awxM.wi «.coanaltnaaJ.nucku:phyaka:pictun 1

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~~American University Argonnc National Laboratory California IrtstituU of Teclmolagy Fixep *»Jdi,e or 135 &.&kmfr& C^Hfcrma State U»»v*rsiiy, Los Angeles ccrur The l"niv-T o( '> ^ira~~

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C5 => O o i 1 1 1 - / / " , r _ 1 V - - = °s 3<3 3" 0 -J J: EMC Measurement of g[(x) EMC Measurement of gj(x)

Table 1C Systematic errors on the integral of gi tf Table 10: Systematic errors on the integral of gi % '1 Dilution Factor / ±0.00S4 H OOI ±0.0054 H '1 Dilution Factor / L ±0.0007 Uncertainty in RQCD 00 1 ±0.0007 i. Uncertainty ia RQCD 1 ±0.0016 Radiative Corrections .0 01 ±0.0016 1 Radiative Corrections • ±0.0030 Neglect of At 003 • ±0.0030 Neglect of A2 Beam Polarisation ±0.0092 & s ,0O6' ±0.0092 t s Beam Polarisation ±0.0074 6 3 Target Polarisation .003 ±0.0074 6 3 Target Polarisation S ±0.0071 6 Uncertainty in F2 .006 ±0.0071 6 5" Uncertainty in Fj Acceptance Effects ±0.0108 $ Acceptance Effects ±0.0108 9 Extrapolations into immeasured region ±0.0030 Extrapolations into unmeasured region ±0.0030

~~to ±0. 019 15- Total Systematic Error .010 ±0. 019 J5* 10 Total Systematic Error~~

~~TiHe4.1 TaWn-S.l SMC Expend Syngrmric E.ior4 SMC r tfl r «v Td r„ ivn, | n fl rvr„ -0.075 0 191 Assumed Vidua 0 ns 0.041 -0.075 0.191 Assumed Value i 0.116 0.041~~

~~Source Fwitmtf SOUTTB pqimaff~~

p 0.012 n Vh 0006 0.002 0.006 0.012 .9% 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.002 BqCD .9* 0.002 COW Rid. Coir. 1.3% 0.002 0.001 0.007. 0.003 Rad.Ccrc. 1.3* 0002 o.oot 0.006 0.010 Fj 5% 0.006 0.002 0.006 0.010 Fj 5* 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.006 Neglect of A 2 S-VfUKD 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.006 Neglect of A; WRQCC 0.003 0.006 0.007 0.010 0018 Tool 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.018 Tool 0.010 131 10?o Percrnnee 10% ITS 13% 10?o Pcxaatc 10% \Tk

446 Running period 199J The partly reconfigured muon beam line has been tested; focussing and flux expectations at 100 GeV were realised (4.107 muons per spill each 14 s). The spectrometer with much new equipment has been tested successfully and detector efficiencies were checked- The old EMC polarised target has been reinstalled, loaded with deuterated butanol and put into operation (DUP = 0.25).

SMC has collected its first data (> 10s reconstructable events) concerning deep inelastic scattering of 100 and ZOO GeV polarised muons on polar ised deuterons. The muon beam polarimeter using the ft -> evv method has become operational and produces encouraging data. • J/ «9 f ^\_z.cj^c?^o^jcr±o]±

~~JW ELECTROPRODUCTION AT HIGH ENERGY~~

~~C. Martin (IPN Orsay/MIT) V BR.ETOK {*-'<- tu»rto«T.PB*«.*«-»^~~

~~SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics February 8,1992~~

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~~7 - Elastic coherent ^^ 6 production^--^~~

~~5 Elastic 4 - EVENT S incoherent production \. ./ 3 2 Inelastic rz < °-8 „ i\ production at 0.5(GeV/c)2 / 0.4 0.8 1.2 1 tf» P2 iNtGeV/c)' \ /~~

~~i • 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8~~

~~\EK / Laboratory 459 L* Wath'on oi Hit q'jon Kiria^ c-r f] tl florid~~

~~.a'. Ci Vi 40 CcVT rht.. in.'Kal >rar<. oUn: *•_ 45 G-«.V n 7 O-IS v ^ lo GuT~~

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~~/- *~~

~~e f SI a Ot.'f Sea I.. C4mt) ' F it,o Gt\T < \C < ila Gt-V"~~

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~~4»"***frbjK"ori rtaton~~

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~~6i» varuine, V The n . Jtptn dtrtCe. oT fht / 'til ' I I I aLon d.iri.BoK'on Can bi dgj"tr in in e 0 •~~

~~460 «K: bit. rr.cckan.'stn& ~or 1 f^ e.kcivoyfoajCr, Bl~~

~~(T) Vj n -v 2> y mtcKan.'Em~~

~~f" ?y, '-'-J i-»p.J.'r/ of fU 7A, m»s& ^rouid Tt.ro~~

~~In lit colour- Sirtaler model , Hit ^/j, u ptalcta 7flfaiSrJ,~~

~~—» ike. rapi'J,'!-^ dVsrc'bjKon c8n diVcTn.riart~~

~~X.f. Lt~~

~~(i) Two QlnonJ Oi'srr.'Lg)von 6(>-i ;n J~~

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~~In rkt t&louf _ 5\nolcJ" maot' 3 har J nluon £*niSSi~~

~~d.-i*e.rtrt«s m 1" ke, P-,- di'irc; feu Korj 0.05 O.t 0.15 0.2 0.J5 0} 015 0~~

~~461 A "2-1 mornal L7> Lx peri mtnh w/t-h °o I a r.' z-a h'on~~

~~The C-S modi' fftd.trs rrtc etpind ctct o^ n.. ') En.a.Tv ppo'ar . taP'or-. : &li'nwH\»l **«lt~~

~~no a isy hi mtrfy >'n rnt Kara process ~. C ti'rnt, •• a) PKj/.'. Utf JJi. £( '9*0 , '9-5 r~~

~~On rU lo^frary / V3> O JtptnJs o«U otr Hie~~

~~i* A ( U 5 <:o&4> ^ CL «t 5 * \~~

~~, <>„«. can. to.-^pac*. 'ht d.-7lfoc)-.rt rarod->cr.-0« 4roi~~

~~5 -v v/a^ D lono.'LJ^nal an<3 ta/iStrtftt. phohjni.~~

~~V3>n ;s ,ndt.ptndt.nt of tK«- ^rott" poU~~

~~, cf wt mtuwrt tU aMyrnntly v/ken "^ 'cf f/™ ^~~

~~dMra.t\>ft proJjcK-on ro Vkfc a Sly rn rne tVy I"J «.re> .~~

~~Tht, JePtncIt~~

~~btriiietn d.'lTt.rt.n.'' mad(Js 462 (3) Dtifti an.~~

~~A Pepsin." u'Vy Vet mta:u« fht Cfinh-tQwivan re \n.c En.trQy and Lurni'ttO*.'by : Sbi'n tdn'triP o» rKe rivcUon CQir»i'aa TOSITT a Joans :~~

~~&t in _ « pvn o-lx^mmt-rru T o i* A h.ci" Lminoi'V is nttJtd btXAuse.~~

~~Ho u. ryno .t n fccrujten d'Tftroal- modilfc^ rht u J.AUJ.J T/* |sro aJcr.'on Wl'rli U-p r&nt w.' r n Ssmt or oppoitk~~

~~Crots itcr.'oni art mutuary- COmparto To in* k».l> dry ojl r lit bfotr- ( (5,3, «• , aruijlar dts«\cJf*-«_ J~~

~~3 t P. *»U..lc, n.K. SunJ„„„/ p. V„>IO,^ fV,! led BZi< C'^rtJ, *' tP.TT.cJlvtS : To <"e.*ch a r*o»me i^kerc rkt. numbtr crt ^/j,~~

~~. Ar tiucl Gl 1-ht li'ymmitry decrease* 0-6 produced By a hard practis ealtvUUe Cn~~

~~ptiru r a & K fz G* C-Ji i s iw \Ja/ rkt for»l curay 'K rnt Ce.nk.f- o"r malt i~~

~~(i\ t. vktn Hie trots jtctvoni are fa.'a ]~~

~~in 9 0 Jay i y ou»i;.rtl| "if i * Us' TA i w.'ll £ £0.S~~

~~r 9 n;ak lumuioi.'U ii net did To Kawe.~~

~~u~~

~~463 MUCLEAR EFFECTS IN RESbXTS FROM E665 DEEP INELASTIC MUON TJEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT FERMILAB ^UON SCATTERING~~

~~V. Fapavassiliou (Argonne) Rece.n-1 recalls -Jro*n ExperifAen-l 665 (fe.rr)~~

~~SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics V- ?P\?AVASS\L\00 February 8,1992 ARGONNE \~~

~~•A Woricihop 2/S/9Z V. Papavassil iou KINEMATICS~~

~~THE FERMTLAB E665 COLLABORATION~~

M. R. Adtnu*, S. Aid", P. L, Anthony1", M. D. Bsies", J. B«tWt«, OME - PHOTON- £*C-HftNG-E ATTROXirA ATIOM-- A. A. Bh»tti13\ H. M. Brian", W. 3u»>°, J. M. Conrad1, G. CoatnW', R. Ditiisoii" L Derado",S. K. Dhufu1', W. Dougherty", T. Dreya1, K. Dxiunikaw^1tt^ V. Ecklrit11, P. Erin", M. Erdmanri1*, A. Ejlrejs', J. Fipd'', H. J. Gdnna11, D. F. Geeiamm', R. GilmanM,M. C. Greta1-', 1 , 11 J. HIM , C. H«Uiwdl 1 J. Harden*, D. Hintke , V. W. Hagha", H. E. Jiekum', D. E. Jaffe*, G. Jaacjo", D. M. Jaascan, S. Kaufman", R. D. Kennedr1, T. Kirk"fi. G. E. Kobrak3, S. K=r»driaili«, S. Xunori», J. J. Lord11, H. J. Lubiiti", D. Mcleod', S. MasU**, P. Makdi', A. Mini", H. Mdaruon4, D. G. Micbael'-*, W. Mohi1, H. E. Montgomery", J. G. Morfta', R. B. Nidation*, S. O'Daj*', K.Ollinriu1, I. Ojbomc10, V-PapaTCiaiou"*, B. Piiriik*, F. M. Pipkin", E. J. Rambers5'', A. RSscr"-1, J. J. Ryan™, A. Silvwud14, H. ScleHnan", M. Scimitt', N. Schmitt", K. P. Scinler1', H. J. Seyerlein™, A. Slcuja.\ G. A. Snow', S. SBIdner-Rembeld", P. H. Steinberg", E. E. Stier>J, P. Stopa*. R. A. S-»naM>aJ, R. Taiag»,J, S. Tentiado-Repond'''-, E.-J. Trust', M. Vidal" M. Wilidm1, J. Wilkej". H. Veakunramaaia", Rirfiard Wilion*, W. Wittek1', S. A. Wolberj4, T. Zhao"

~~1 Alh*rt-rf[idwfp-Poiverritit Freiburg i. Br.. Gtmuv~~

' AtTonn<- Niljoiil Laboratory. Afenmie tt USA ' Pnitrmitg of California, c.^ niean. CA OSA ' Fermi National Aeeelentor laboratory, Batavia. IL PS A ' Eirrud Pni.enUy. Cam>ridce. MA PSA ' PaJTenitT ofTHinoit Chirafo, IT, USA

' rnHiiatg far Nliflf.T Pli-nir. KraWref. Poland Energy -l«W>s{er ii Lab v —?^L _ p-^c' ' Institute for Nuclear PhTBcj. Arademg of Mining and Metallurgy. Krakow, pn]»m: ' Pnivenitr of Maryland. Colley PajV- MP USA

% " Mmachnaelta Inititnte of TVehnnloftr- Cambridge. M A USA u Max-Planck-rn«titnte. Mnpieh. CermanT 5'iorVLen's scaling uaV«*Ue s=_i-_ " Northweitem PniTerrilY, E>nMtnn. H USA J 2JHJ/ " DnifgwitT of Waahineton. Suttle. WA PSA. " Univenritr of Wnooertal. Witpnerlal. Germany " Yale PniTerritv. New HaTi-n. CT PSA

~~465 •BEAM PROFILE~~

~~MAKING- f\ HUOK iEfctt~~

~~r \—»^vh~~

~~Jllbiiii^~~

~~-8QO G*V protons ••.-=... 'Tafgil AAHOOOHim^'~~

-*• oso HOKOEOKononono^s^s: U0R("Z.OrJTAL • T K FODO 1097m tilimiiiillilin muni KEY: '*•» ^HBQ^REO^IHOH ^ 4 Mpolt banding Zmm HcrtJOMni MOMEMTU.M MFDOO 35Sm 0EbeUMin g Quad Horizontal ^ I /l'i tato £665 1Otfoaoii a Quad (raducad SpmromtBr hold) I lil 1 • MKp« Station Station Stefan Elation 12 3 4 Tcreid ••- 30.an •»« E4Sn -*• 1 Noft: Trim maflniti havt e«*i omitted. «-S£4M SP6CIH0MTTH**'

~~Spill • 20 sec Rep.~~

~~JOB -"00 soo ' EOO 700 (ceV/c)~~

~~466 LOW MOMENTUM HIGH MOMENTUM \ ! ^-SCATTERED MUOM~~

~~•B {FOCUS) UNDEFLECTED ^"OX BEAM LINE A (TARGET) UN5CATTERE0 MUOH~~

~~TWO SPECTROMETER FOCUSSING TRIGGER ACCEPTANCE !• iCSlE'lEOuA IWUilSi. £v£M.165:1 IrC£«=i.FILH<31. FB(»€-«lt "T. EC IPOll. SC CKTl~~

~~LAT~~

~~x=.OI~~

~~{G*//cr~~

~~V'-E— hiijh rod. cbeom torrecAianls~~

~~1=001~~

~~I cOOOl~~

~~468 TARGETS (vi-SS gasp RATIO of BouNP-TO-FRee MacieoNi STRUCTURE ^UNCTlQfSS~~

~~I Shactctfificj x ^ 0.05~~

~~H AnU-shadow'i»^ O.OS & x & 0.2. •DtnsHy (3/cm*) 0-0t> 0.16 0.0% 1 EWC effect O-l ^ * £ Q-'1~~

~~X0 *•' 1-< 0.15~~

~~Tcw^e-i* were mside 4he ^Acecw**1 thaiiber (of 4n HewJro* acceptance~~

~~469 " StfftDOWING" AT SMALL x~~

~~He/D t i, ' ,| *» 1 0 All events~~

~~oa • CUC-MU 4C£dl~~

~~C/D logO2 vs logi' I 0 D (5AT) • *•?• r/Hfb f ;~~

~~Co/D " :<':..L.i..Uirr -m~~

~~0.01 0.1~~

~~VECTOR MESON DOMINANCE MOOEU~~

~~l^e. elas^c scaWer'.^g;~~

~~^T = 1 ^ x % 5*10 ( i^emal nucl.co>M aft sdadovjed ) "M""~~

~~470 CftL«>R|V|E-fB^ £665 Xe/D (preliminary") JLJ- BreniS^raMu'lg~~

~~1.1 TTTl~~

eess CUTS T_% QSO.I &e.V'/c* *#* , * •! "vedex" ^ < 0.75 Bfemstftxlilung averts =WW be. plana*1 0.9 x. > O.ooi c £ I J« ^ Pj< . B.' a-l -!V«ve<"iex. on6 fy i ^ scvne plait 0.8 alas-tlc. ^e soaMe.ri<-io i nearest • ESS5 cluster 0.7 X NMC Ca/D • t772 CDreH-Nao) J / "e"( ltulcrfe<|) I

~~0.5 ,,i 0,001 0.01 0.1~~

~~471 REJECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC feACK-GROulriD s ue and brem cut Deuterium target~~

~~Brem cut Histogram: kinematic cuts only . Hodron cut~~

~~&REMSTRARLUNG CUT~~

~~0 io OR £c^h> < -^~~

~~b<-em^roVtuvi"3 photon c«md\c*Me~~

~~Xe data \~~

~~-illii!~~

~~\ ;;;|;!: EXCLUDED i -5 -4 -j •oglO^bj) _l 1 1 , . , , i . , , , 1.2 ° tie and brem cut Xenon target EOLA f * Erem cut Histogram: kinematic cuts only . Hadron cut~~

~~ELASTIC |»£ CUT „E/ioS 0 •? . oo3. E e. 9***** D •' distance from. (unseen) clectf-Orl inipat-t po'mi >„;3«S«B +o taloriiv\e.le< cluster ^0.5 (pk- K - Flo * * **••,. D, data \ *~~

~~-= I~~

~~|0.2 •~~

~~0.1 11.Hi .~~

~~0 fife- 200 400 200 400 Calorimeter glob energy Calorimeter alob enercv 472 CALORIMETER CUTS HADKOMIIATIOM~~

~~Re^uie"l Hh '* 2 gives co*^ ivlervt results IrwesV'qate mod'if'caV'on o{ \\\t hadron distributions for the fafio : meihod works'~~

~~1.4 • E665 Xenon/Deuterium b 7_ _Jl_ "Lecud''*3 Wron" r Wghest Z- • NMC Calcium/Deuterium = V 1.2 o NMC Carbon/Deuterium 2 > oA 'rotates the \eo.tWiq Voiron * NMC Helium/Deuterium i*i most cases~~

~~PT Transversa momentum of hadfo^ 0.8~~

~~PL Longitudinal momenriutn~~

~~1* 2P? 0.6 •*>= — ~— reynrtiaF n X~~

~~rL~~

~~0.4~~

~~X*>o(~~

~~|ie pe*~~

~~' CMS quantifies~~

~~473 [H J\ * -HI OtON c XSS u 0 *T - rt K Xf 5* U (M *J " V- •2 ? | A JJ f ' Ittl ._ c o b . f u "0 iO -, 6 .q y/ "*•£ O I I £ f A « c , 1 - .£ o s 1 it -2. * - ' O - ' o~~

UP/"NP) "N/ I CJ (ZP/'NP) V i (ZP/'NP) "N/ 1 s 1 1 5 .-+-• 1 3* M od 1< 5 = 7~ • 1 oa 4,1 i/l C V 7v TT ' * : r- £• *H -H »»*« 4 r '. D » ~ n i V |?S3 f- — o " i +/ 113 3 J o '. «j —U5 ' T m P' j/ ji &- . I A ,0 o in o i _ d Q. t c If . 0 iJi :o.o o ill 5 Jl - V / V c y7 a? • a •A >;i X i if in 1 _. 1 tv I / r^j . - 1 • ^l.,,,,, ,. inn, jL - - i U—Umj-t-L

~~(ZP/'NP) "N/l (ZP/'NP) "N/l (ZP/'NP) 'N/l <2P/"KP'"N/t~~

~~474 ft:=1 Ratio Xenon / D2. X^O.005, 0'< 1 (v?50G*v) 9 "~~

~~1.25 E- • Intn^'s'ic K-T 1 =*= ± • FfQarnerAalion 0.75 F all hadrons • QCT) effects 0.5 _i i__i i_ i . 0.25 D.5 0.75~~

~~1.25 E- 1 =>F 0.75 fas-lesi hadron 0.5 D.25 0.5 D.75~~

~~Rotio Xenon/D2. X„>0.03 , Q*>2 (u>50&tv)~~

~~In *he na!ue par-Ion mo<4e( , KT=o No <£ dependence~~

~~Processes *W produce. KT shouts Qlso produce 0.75 <£ depends vice~~

~~475 D,. • Xe A if DISTRIBUTIONS~~

A^ /l,= -0.457E.-01 ± 0.79BE-OZ 1.5B7 i. 0.45 0,3566 ± 0.2745E-02 w ' /(,= D.395E-02 4 0.I26E-01 O /!,= -0.24 7E-0, i o.245£-01 -O.2946E-01 ± D.3B8aE-02 u 0 J 0.425 0.1222E-02± 0.3B80E-02 ( -0.41J5£-02± 0.3B76E-O2 L^- 0.4 * • -0.2 1 T 0.375 25 . 60 75 100 -1 0 1 CeV/c' 0.35 Log,, 0'

~~0.325~~

~~0.3 1/N, (~~

0.275 J I I I ! I L 7T/2 71 3n/2 2n radians : + #>». . (0 to 2it) f 0.52 /(,. -0.3S3E-O1 4 D.SOgE-02 1.552 /l,= 0.244E-0I ± t).147E-01 0.3S95± O.3277E-02 200 400 600 800 CeV= ', 0.48 /I,. -0JB2E-03 ± 0 2S7E-01 -0.2625E-01 ± 0.4655E-02 0.794SE:-02± 0.4626E-02 rr Ug„x^ -0.6300E-04 ± Q.4614E-02 A 0.44 ^ 0.2 A —H 1- "a 0.4 a v ° 0.36 ±j_=h

~~0.32 -0.2 •.... i .... t !•••'.'1: l/N.(= PI + P2.C0SCC-) + P3.C0S(2,.J + P4.s|N(t,) 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0 I 2 3~~

~~*/2 3TI/2 2K radians No difference between Xe. and D^ . (• to 2TT) (except at Ql > So GeV7<^ -mtv/be. )~~

~~476 RA tf% OJ Ci d o o d A A A A I* M M Q 4) \ \ X c C o m~~

~~s~~

~~§~~

~~-*•~~

~~.x. i i- 03 d~~

~~477 x = hadran formation length COMPARISON OF p* DISTRIBUTIONS *B'io.las pmeui cH •• hadron- nucleus cross section : 7 l, 2 GT (dn/dpT )clpT = W " [^do/dp^dp,1 \~~

~~i t~~

• ES65 Xe/D„2>0.4 V o SWCSn/D,.i>0.5 T-Q.lSKfm * [.O i_, •——• T=»0.5V fm c£ t"^ T • T=1.0i/fm 0.% \ ffo=0 ,5,-20 mb Z>0.5 0.6 . i—^_,—1_ ...... 120 ISO 200 240 250 IGeV) o.q ' - 0 AO ftO '2-0 'So 2oO 2

~~1.2 • A broadt.iing o{ -the ^ disW.baVion~~

~~a.e • E665 *e/D„ >0.4 —•—-~ z Is feKpected to ^e due. to resea-Heriivj~~

~~= 0.6 • ffH 20 mb.CTgsQ *•-•" 0.0& ,-the ra^io is f'aA,~~

~~0.+ - —~~

~~T=0.5V fm 0.2~~

~~120 160 280 IGeVI 478 RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS FROH STREAMER CHAMBER. Euervi selection~~

~~: G*- > I GtvV CMS RapicJi+v i^nr^j- PJ tt > 0-002~~

~~T T-T- ~~l—3 :. Preliminary VENUS 3.11 (Xe) -— VENUS 3.11 (D,)~~

~~-5 -2.5 0 2.5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 PositWt Y*~~

~~Large, excess of positive par+ides Cproions ?) ,-„ 4ht bockui^rd flftmisphert for Xe. compared +o tfe~~

~~aeu t d/dY* s? era p c «* p B en tn -» ut tn w U, LI 111111111111111111111111111I1111111111~~

~~O~~

~~H- to o &- o O _^_^ M-~~

~~Oio~~

~~O X o o o £ oIf -•*••' C3 tf I 111 I II 111111ll 111 -1 THE FUTURE~~

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~~2. To.rge+4 ra^a^ee) be4uieen -sp>Hs~~

~~3. Mea) irnproUcd •tf'3'3e'<"~~

~~4- HiqVic*- $W~~

~~480 ^elusive. Ccry^piepn, Qcti.vie/tna on tracem.~~

~~^~~

~~Met 6ohi*JL~~

~~COMPTON SCATTERING r+p —? y+p~~

~~/Low vner^rei '=0 *>• ki & M*fn»bt Po/ar'. fa-bJ, ts'ei~~

~~C. Hyde-Wright ?C<*rasiJ- cuialti *=? Pi* Persian R*/a h'en\i {U. of Washington)~~

~~* PtaA* /far* Fo.,k>ti 't j fx SLAC Workshop on High ' Co fa w**a .r**. y Energy Electroproduclion and i a c Spin Physics February 8,1992~~

~~ESA Workshop 2/8192~~

~~481 Ss dtr/dt (M*> GeV10)~~

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~~M.A. Shupe Phys Rev D19'(1979) 1921 I 2 Q a GeV + 3 GeV 10- x 4 GeV * 5 GeV o 6 GeV a. 10^ a~~

~~101 0.5 0 -0.5 cos(O0h~~

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~~489 ^ „ COMPETITION BETWEEN MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND BREMSSTRAHLUNG~~

~~S. Klein twlt.fk seJ*r*Q ) (UCSC)~~

~~SLAC Workshop on High Energy Electroproduction and Spin Physics [A. C Sdrii'A Cn/Z. February 8,1992~~

~~ESA Worluhop 2*92~~

~~490 1 l^evfe\\i £rcm&s:-r#,n.f'sr\fj f M.uHfk Siaferjna.~~

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~~1 • 1 - - t~~

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~~518 SLAC WORKSHOP Agenda on HIGH ENERGY ELECTROPRODUCTION AND SPIN PHYSICS FEBRUARY 5 - 8, 19512 Thursday. 6 February~~

Agenda AM POLARIZED SOURCES AND TARGETS R. Prepost - Chair (Wisconsin) Wednesday 5 February 9 00 SLAC Polarized Source Facility M. Woods (SLAC) 9 10 High Polarization Cathodes G. Zapalac (Wisconsin) 10 W CofTqe Break AM 10 •10 Polarized 3He Target T. Chupp (Michigan) &:30 Registration 11 20 Polarized Proton Target D. Crabb (Virginia) 9:00 Announcements D. Fryberjcr - Chair (SLAC) 12 00 The Deuteron as a Polarized Target W. Meyer (Bonn/SLAC) 9:0& Welcome B. Richtcr(SI.AC) 12 30 Lunch 9:20 Plans for ilie SLAC Fixed Target. Program D. Lcith (SLAC) 9:40 ESA Physics Program: Recent Activities PM EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES G Petratos - Chair (SLAC) and Future Directions R. Arnold (American L'./SLAC) 1:30 SLAC End Station A 10:10 Coffee Break Ream and Experimental Facilities L. Keller (SLAC) 10:30 Critical Experiments in 2:00 Speetrometei Possibilities in ESA C. Petratos (SLAC) S. Brodsky (SI.AC) High Energy Electroproduction 2:30 Recent Developments in Shower Detectors A Bodck (Rochester) 11:30 Fiituifl Directions in 3:00 Coffee Break High Energy Elcctroproductioq R. Jaffa (MIT) Cherenkov Ring Image Detectors B 12:30 Lunch 3:20 RatclifF (SIAC) 3:50 Transition Radiation Detectors A Miller (TRIUMF) WORKSHOP SESSION'?! 4:20 Feasibility of Coincidence Electroproductiou in the Deep Inelastic Region F. Dietrich (LLNL) PM SPIN PHYSICS C. Prescolt - Chair (SLAC)

1:30 Spin Structure Functions and Sum Rules R. Jallo (MIT) 2:10 Review nf Nucleon Spin Experiments E. Hughes |SUC) 2:50 Po'arizcd J/t> Production R. Prepost (Wisconsin) 3:30 Coffee Break 3:50 Parity Violation in Elastic Scattering I> Kaplan (I'CSD) 4:30 Parity Violation in Deep Inelastic Scattering P. Bosled (American U-l Agenda Agenda

~~Saturday, 6 February Tt-iday, " February~~

AM QCD STUDIES IN NUCLEONS AND NUCLEI S. Hock - Chair (American U-J AM QCD STUDIES CONTINUED S. Brodsliy - Chair (SLAC) 9:Q0 Color TtasispaieQcy R. Milttci (MIT) 9:00 J/l!' Eleclroproduction at High Energy C, Martin (IPN Orsay/MIT) 3.15 Unusual effects ID Color Transparency J. Ralatou (Kansas) 9.45 Results from E6G5 - Deep Inelastic Muon Scattering at Fermilab V. Papavas.tiliou (Ar&onne) 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 ' Coffee Break 10:50 Superfeat Quarts and Short Range Correlations in Nuclei L. Frankfurt (MSU/SPNPI) I0:5Q Comptort Scattering C. Hyde-Wright (U. Washington) 11:35 Short Range Correlations in Nuclei 11.-33 Competition between Multiple Scattering via High Energy Exclusive Scattering E. Piasetwky (Tel Aviv)" and Bremsstrabluujr S. Klein (UCSC) 12:30 Lunch 12:30 Lunch

PM 1 S. Liuti (SANITA-Iiomc) 130 Summary M. Strikman (Pcnn State/SPNFI) D. Day (Virginia) 2:1!, Hadronization and Formation Zone Physics M. Gyulassy (LBL) 3:00 Coffee Break 3:20 Hadronic Production of Lepton Pairs on Nuclear Targets J. Moss (Los Alamos) 4:00 Quark Traasversity in Elecrroproduction X. Artru (I.P.N. Lyon) 4:30 Status of trie SVIC Experiment at CEHTJ T. Ketei (Amsterdam)

~~6:30 Wine and Beer Social Hour 7:15 Chinese Banquet~~

~~Color Transparency - PLC G. Miller (U. Washington) (Presented ta place of the talk by E. Pjiisetisky wbo was called away for a family emergency.)~~

~~520 HEESP PARTICIPANT LIST~~

Raymond G. Arnold James Bjorknn Jian-ping Chen Don.-il B. Day Rolf Ent Raymond Frey (American University) SLAC, MS Bl university of viriginiA University of Virginia MIT University of Oregon S L A C, MS 44 P.O. Box 4349 Physics Department Department of Physics Nuclear Science Lab Physios Department P.O. BOX 4349 Stanford, r.A 94309 Charlottesville, VA 22901 Charlottesville, VA 22901 Bldg. 26, Room 452 Eugene, OR 97403 Stanford, CA 94 309 4J4-926-14 26 804-924-4521 804-924-6566 Cambridge, MA 02139 503-346-5673 415-926-2755 RJOHKES;FISLACVM JC9EQVIRGIN1A [email protected] 617-258-5442 [email protected] ARN0LD@SLACVM Ettlf&ilTLNS

~~521 HEESP PARTICIPANT LIST~~

Keith Griffioen James R. Johnson Arthur K. Kerman ' R. Lombard-Nelson Cecils Martin Richard G. Hilner University of University of Wisconsin HIT (DAPtflA/SPN/SACLAV) H. I T/1PS Orsay MIT Pennsylvania SLAC, HS 94 Boom 26-505 SLAC, MS 44 Theoretical Physics, Nuclear Science Lab Physics Department P.O. BOX 4349 77 Massachusetts Avenue P.O. BOX 4349 6-410 Dept. of Physics 2fc~447 209 S. 33rd Street Stanford, CA 94309 Cambridge, HA 02139 Stanford, CA 94309 Cambridge, HA 02139 Cambridge, KA 02139 Philadelphia, FA 19104 415-926-2918 617-253-2361 415-926-2767 617-253-6268 £17-258-5439 215-898-3266 JKJgSEACVM HENDERSC@1ITLNS LOMBAHDtgSLACVH MARTI N@4ITLHS MILNER@iITLNS GH IFFIOEQP ENMHEP1

Cathleen Jonea Tjaerd Ketel Wolfgang Lorenzon Takeshi Maruyam* Dennis Holti Jiifcics Gyulassy Liiiveraity of Wisconsin Free University Amsterdam Caltech SLAC, MS 94 LBL, Bldg. Q8 LBL Nuclear Physics Kellogg Radiation Lab, P.O. 4349 Nuclear Science Division Nuclear Science Div, Department Dept. of Physics 6 106-36 Stanford, CA 9*309 Berkeley, CA 94720 7OA-3307 1150 University Avenue Astronomy Pasadena, CA 91125 415-926-3398 415-486-7853 Berkeley, CA 9*720 Madison, HI 53706 IOSZ KV Amsterdam 618-356-4836 TVKiaSLACVH DMMOLTZ@LBL 415-486-5235 GG8-623-7089 THE NETHERLANDS WBL^CALTECH GYULASSl^LBL CATHLEEfl@«ftDNUE. PHYSICS. 020-592-2115 WISC.EDU TJEEftDgHlKHEF.ITL. Werner Meyer Joseph Morgenstern Simanetta Luiti {University of Bonn) DAPNIA/SPN Clemens Heusch University of Virginia £ I, A C, HS 7B BP2-91191, Cif sur Yvette (UC Santa Cruz.) David B. Kaplan Spencer Klein Physics Departntervt P.O. Box 4349 Cedex, FRANCE SLAC, MS 65 university of California University of California Charlottesville, VA 22901 Stanford, CA 94309 33-1-G9-087553 P.O. Box 4349 at San Diego at Santa Cruz 804-924-7691 415-926-2987 M0RGEN@FRS?.C11 Stanford, CA 9-1303 Department of Physics, Physics Department MEYEH(SSLACVM 415-926-2510 B-019 Santa Cruz, CA 95064 HEUSCH@SLACVM La Jolla, CA 92093-0319 408-459-2635 Allison Lung Joel M. Moss 619-534-6104 SPEHCEMSCIPP. UCSC .EDUa (American University) C. Andy Miller Los Alamos National Lab. DKAPLAH^SDPHl.UCSD.ECU UCSCC.UCSC.EDU SLAC, MS 44 TRIUMF> UBC Physics Division,. WS D434 Endyn Hughes P.O. Box 4349 4G04 Wesbrook. Mall Los Alamos, KM ?T5l5 SLAC, KS 96 Stanford, CA 94309 Vancouver, B.C. 505-667-4117 P.O. BOX 4349 David Kawall Richard Kofler 415-926-4376 Canada V6l 2ft3 HOSSgLAHPE Stanford, CA 94309 Stanford University (Massachusetts U,> UJMSgStACVH 604-222-1047 415-926-4794 Department of Physics SLAC, HS 43 KILLER@TRIUMFCL KLYN@SLACVH Varian Building, MS 4060 P.O. hex. 4349 David MtUler Stanford, CA 94305-4060 Stanford, CA 94309 Nancy Mar SLAC, MS 62 415-725-2772 415-926-4196 (Stanford University) Donald H. Killer P.O. BOX 4349 Charles Hyde-Wright KANALL^SLACVt* KOFLEH^SLACVH SLAC, HS 96 Northwestern University Stanford, CA 94309 University of Washington P. 0- Box 4349 Department of Physics 415-926-3590 Nuclear physics Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 Northwestern University KLXLEfijSSLACSLD GL-10 Lewis P. Keller Sebastiar Kuhn 415-926-3467 Evanston, IL 6Q20S Seattle, WA 96195 SLAC, HS 20 (Stanford University) HAR@SmcVK 312-491-5456 206-543-4080 P.O. Box 4349 SLAC, MS 44 MILLEB@NUHEP BOgdan B. Nieiyporufc Stanford, CA 94309 P.O. Box 4349 C E B A F 415-926-2725 Stanford, CA 94 309 Jacques HarrOticle 12000 Jefferson Avenue

LXKRA@SLACYM 415-926-2536 (DAPNIA/5PN) Gerald Af Miller Newport News, VA 23606 Robert L. Jaffe SEK@S1ACSCS SLAC. MS 70 University of Washington 804-249-7251 HIT P.O. Box 4349 Department of physics, BOGDA>*cCEBAFVAa Physics Departinent, 6-306 Cynthia Keppel Stanford, CA 94109 Ftt-15 Cambridge, MA 021.19 (American University) David Leith 415-926-2767 Inst, for Nuclear Theory 617-253-4856 SLAC, MS 44 SLAC, MS SO HAR0NCLEI55LACVM Seattle, WA 98195 Kathy O'ShaughneSsy tfAFFE@iIIXH5 P.O. Box 434 9 P.O. Box 4349 206-543-2995 University of Santa Crua Stanford, CA 94309 Stanford, CA 94 3 09 MILLERgUWAPHAST institute for Particle 415-926-3647 415-926-2663 Physics CEK@SLACESA LEITH^SLACW Santa Cruz, CA 9506-1 KATMVflgSLACVM

~~522 HEESP PARTICI LIST~~

Allen C. Odian Blair Ratcliff Ivan A. Schmidt Michael 5pengoE Richard E, Taylor R. Roy Whitney SLAC, KS 65 SLAC, to 62 (U. of Santa Mnria/SLAC) (The American Uni-ersity) SLAC, MS 96 CEBAF, Research Division P. 0. BOX 4349 P.O. Box 4349 SLAC, HS 81 SLAC, MS 44 P.O. BOX 4349 12070 Jeffereson Avenue Stanford, CA 94309 Stanford, CA 94309 P. 0. BOX 4349 P.O. BOX 4349 Stanford, CA 943Q9 Kevport Hews, VA 23606 415-926-3459 415-926-2722 Stanford, CA 9S309 Stanford, CA 94309 415-926-2696 804-249-7536 ODIAN@SLACVM BLAIRIJSLflCVM 415-926-2266 415-926-3647 RETAYLORjaSLACVH WHITNEY(BCEBAFVAX SCHMIDTgSLACVM MSSgSLACVM

Vassilt papavassiliou Margarida N. Rebclo Robert L. Thews Steve Williams Argonne National Lab (Lisbon, IFM) Janice Button Shafer i'lorent Staley University af Arizona SLAC, MS, &0 Physics Division SLAC, HS 62 University of IDAPNIA/SPN) Department of Physics P.O. Box 4349 Argonne, 1L 60439-4fl2a P.O. Box 4349 Kassacl\usetts SLAC, KS 96 Tucson, AZ 85721 Stanford, CA 9439 70B-840-20B7 Stanford, CA 94309 Department of Physios P.O. Box 4349 602-621-2453 415-926-2276 PVSgFMAL 415-926-4412 LGR Tower C Stanford, CA 94309 THEWSgARlZRVAX STEVBgSLACVM REBEL0@SLBCVM Amherst, MA 01003 415-926-2510 413-545-2140 SIALEY(5SLACVM G.G. Petratos JBSgPHYSICS.UMASS.ECU Yannis Tzamouranis Mike Woods SLAC, MS 20 Burton Richter University of Houston S L A C, MS 7B P.O. Box 4349 SLAC, HS 00 Mark I. Striloaan Departjnent of Physics P.O. Box 4349 Stanford, CA 94309 P.O. Box 4349 Gilbert Shapiro (SPNPI/Penn State) Houston, TX 77204-5506 Stanford, CA S4309 415-926-4361 Stanford, CA 94309 Laurence Berkeley Lab Penn state University 713-749-3853 415-926-3609 GGP@SLACVM 415-926-2601 Physics Division, 50-208 Physics Department YANNISgUHOU MWOODSJlSLACVM BftICHTEK@SLACVM 1 Cyclotron Road 303 Osmond Berkeley, CA 94720 University Park. PA 16802 Eliazer piasetzKy 510-468-6802 814-863-3297 Karl A. van Bibber Charles Younc Tel Aviv University E. Michael Riordan G [email protected] STRIKMAti^PSULEPS (L L N L) SLBC, MS 96 Department of Physics SMC, MS 80 SLAC, HS 44 P.O. Box 4349 Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv P.O. Box 4349 P.O. Box 4349 Stanford, CA 94309 ISRAEL 69978 Stanford, CA 94309 Dennis stvets Linda M. Stuart Stanford, CA 94309 415-926-2669 97J-3-5450667 415-926-2202 Portland Physics (UC DavisAL.NL) 415-926-4201 Y0UNG@SL8CVM [email protected]. IL MICilAEUaSLACVM Institute SLAC, MS 44 PEGASYS^SLACESA 1730 SW Macadam Avenue P.O. Box 4349 Portland, OR 97201 Stanford, CA 94309 Farid Zamani-rtoor Richard Prepost Loon Rochester 503-223-2680 415-926-4354 Robert C. Walker villanova University (University of Wisconsin) MAC MS 96 SrVERSgANLHEP STUARTgSLACVM CU. of Rochester) Physics Department SLAC/ MS 94 P.O. Box 4349 FermiLab Villanova, PA 19085 P.O. Box 434? Stanford, CA 94309 MS-318 215-645-4888 Stanford, CA 94309 415-926-2695 Chris Llewellyn Smith Fumihiko Suekane Batavia, IL 60510 ZAMANigvILLVM 415-926-2654 LSREA@5LACVM L B L (Tohoku University) 706-840-8406 RXPgSLACVM Physics Department SLAC, MS 62 RCWALKERI3F.N'ALD Theory Group, MS 50A-3115 P.O. Box 4349 Geordie Zapalac Stephen E. Rock Berkeley, CA 94720 Stanford, CA 94309 (University of Wisconsin) Charles Y. Prescott (American university) 510-466-5856 415-926-2761 Dieter Kalz SLAC, MS 94 S L A C, MS 76 SLAC, MS 44 SUEKANE@SLACVM SLAC, MS 24 P.O. Box 4349 P.O. Box 4349 P.O. Box 4349 P.O. BOX 4349 Stanford, CA 94039 Stanford, CA 94309 Stanford, CA 94309 Neal Snyderman Stanford, CA 94309 415-926-3368 415-926-2856 415-326-3454 L L N L Ling Hong Tao 415-926-2786 GEORDIDJSIACVM PRESCOTigSLACVM SER@SLACVM Group C, MS 66 (American University) KDA@SLACVM P.O. Box 808, L-297 SLAC, MS 44 Livemvorc, CA 91605 P.O. BOX 4349 John Ralston Sayed H, Rokni 510-422-0204 Stanford, CA 94309 Achim w. Weidemann University of Xansas SLAC, HS 48 415-926-4363 (U. of TenneSSe/SLAC) Department of physics P.O. 4349 TH«asLACVM SLAC, MS 94 Laurence, KS 66045 Stanford, CA 94309 P.O. Box 4149 913-864-4626 415-926-3544 Stanford, CA 94309 HALSTOMgUKANVAX ROKHigSLACVM 415-926-3391 ACHIMgSLACVK

~~523~~