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Collection of Freshwater and Coastal Fishes from Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia [Koleksi Ikan-Ikan Air Tawar Dan Pantai Di Sulawesi Tenggara] Lynne R

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Collection of Freshwater and Coastal Fishes from Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia [Koleksi Ikan-Ikan Air Tawar Dan Pantai Di Sulawesi Tenggara] Lynne R Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 14(1):1-19 Collection of freshwater and coastal fishes from Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia [Koleksi ikan-ikan air tawar dan pantai di Sulawesi Tenggara] Lynne R. Parenti1,, Renny K. Hadiaty2, Daniel N. Lumbantobing1,3 1National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution PO Box 37012, NHB MRC 159, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 USA 2Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia 3Florida Museum of Natural History Museum Road and Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800. Received: October 9, 2013; Accepted: January 21, 2014 Abstract We report 69 fish species in 34 teleost families nearly all collected during a preliminary survey of the Sungai Pohara and coastal localities in Sulawesi Tenggara, including Muna Island, in June 2010. Of these species, nine are introduced or exotic and another is questionably native. The family Gobiidae is the most diverse taxon, represented by 14 native species. Atherinomorph fishes of the family Adrianichthyidae are represented in the province by four endemic species and two others that are widespread, all in the genus Oryzias. This fish fauna contrasts sharply with the riverine ichthyo- fauna of the adjacent Sulawesi Tenggara islands of Buton and Kabaena in which there are reportedly no ricefishes and few endemics. New species are being described by the field team and collaborators. Our ultimate goal is to discover, describe, highlight, understand and encourage the conservation of the native freshwater and coastal fish biota of Sula- wesi. Keywords: endemic fishes, introduced species, Oryzias, Sungai Pohara Abstrak Kami melaporkan hasil survei pendahuluan di Sungai Pohara dan perairan pantai di Sulawesi Tenggara, termasuk Pulau Muna. Tujuan utama kami adalah menemukan, mendeskripsikan, menggarisbawahi, memahami, dan menggiatkan upaya konservasi biota ikan air tawar dan pesisir asli Sulawesi. Survei yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2010 berhasil mendapatkan 69 spesies dari 34 famili Teleostei. Sembilan spesies di antaranya merupakan ikan introduksi atau bersifat eksotik dan satu spesies masih diragukan, asli setempat atau bukan. Gobiidae merupakan famili yang paling beragam, terwakili oleh 14 spesies asli. Ikan Atherinomorph dari famili Adrianichthyidae terwakili oleh empat spesies endemik di provinsi ini dan dua spesies lain yang penyebarannya sangat luas. Keenam spesies tersebut termasuk dalam genus Oryzias. Keragaman jenis fauna ikan ini sangat berbeda dengan jenis-jenis ikan sungai di dua pulau terdekat di wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara, yaitu Buton dan Kabaena. Di dua pulau tersebut tidak ditemukan ikan padi (Oryzias, ricefishes) dan hanya sedikit spesies endemik. Beberapa spesies baru dideskripsikan oleh tim lapangan dan para kolaborator. Kata penting: ikan endemik, introduksi, ikan padi, Oryzias, Sungai Pohara Introduction verine habitats throughout Sulawesi have been Sulawesi is well-known for its high per- particularly neglected (Tweedley et al. 2013). centage of endemic species, especially of its In June 2010 we conducted a preliminary freshwater fish fauna (Whitten et al. 1987, survey focused on freshwater fishes of the Su- Kottelat et al. 1993). Historical fish collecting ngai Pohara, Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara that efforts focused on the tectonic lakes of the Pro- we expanded to include a variety of freshwater vince of Sulawesi Selatan and Sulawesi Tengah and coastal habitats throughout the province. Our to the near exclusion of Sulawesi Tenggara (Pa- field team spent two weeks collecting fishes and renti 2011, Parenti et al. 2013). Coastal and ri- surveying field sites for future research projects. We were drawn to the region by the discovery in 2007 by carcinologist Daisy Wowor of a remark- Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] Masyarakat Iktiologi Indonesia Freshwater and coastal fishes of Sulawesi Tenggara ably colorful ricefish species from Muna Island menterian Negara Riset dan Teknologi (State subsequently described as Oryzias woworae Pa- Ministry for Research and Technology), Repub- renti & Hadiaty (2010) in her honor (Figure 1a). lic of Indonesia, with the cooperation of LIPI Equally compelling were the reports by explorer (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia), Indone- Hans-Georg Evers of colorful, new ricefishes in sian Institute of Sciences. Material collected of spectacular habitats in Sulawesi Tenggara, in- each taxon is listed below in the following for- cluding the Sumbersari waterfalls (Figure 1b). mat: catalogue number (number of specimens; Evers was also recognized with a species of rice- field station). The higher classification is modi- fish named in his honor, O. eversi Herder et al. fied from that in Nelson (2006), the online Cata- (2012a). There was a particular urgency to our log of Fishes by Eschmeyer (2013) and Esch- work as the Sungai Pohara is a site of excava- meyer & Fong (2013), the last of which should tion of sand for export outside of Sulawesi be consulted for citations of species descriptions (Figure 1c). (Table 1). Specimens were collected according to Thus, the four objectives of this project the protocols of the National Museum of Natural were: (1) to collect taxonomic materials (speci- History Institutional Animal Care and Use Com- mens and tissue samples) of freshwater and mittee (IACUC) using standard field techniques coastal fishes from Sulawesi Tenggara, (2) to (Baldwin et al. 1996) including seining, dip-nett- capture color digital images of living specimens ing, and push-netting. Specimens were also pur- of fishes collected in the field, (3) to discover chased at the Pasar Ikan at Kendari or from local and describe new freshwater and coastal fishes in fishermen who collected fishes with seines and this region, (4) to increase our knowledge of the dipnets. Specimens were anesthetized using MS- natural history of Sulawesi and encourage con- 222 or by chilling prior to fixation in 10% for- servation of the endemic freshwater and coastal malin or 95% ethanol. In addition to photo- biota of Sulawesi. graphing select specimens, we preserved tissue Each of these objectives was met. The samples in alcohol and whole specimens in for- broader impact of the project is to provide data malin or alcohol. The senior author may be con- and materials on fish diversity not only for sys- tacted for information on and/ or use of tissue tematic ichthyological studies but also for other samples. Formalin-fixed specimens were subse- scientific investigations such as comparative quently transferred through graded series of morphology and molecular biology, comparative alcohol to 75% ethanol for long-term storage. biogeography, and conservation in southeastern Specimens are housed in the Museum Sulawesi. Our ultimate goal is to discover, de- Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Cibinong, Indo- scribe, highlight, understand and, in so doing, nesia and the Smithsonian Institution, National encourage the conservation of the native fresh- Museum of Natural History (USNM), with distri- water and coastal fish biota of Sulawesi. bution of paratypes of newly described taxa to other institutions as appropriate. To accurately Materials and methods maintain the collection data, the bulk of the ma- Specimens were collected under a permit terial was catalogued initially at the USNM and from the Sekretariat Perizinan Peneliti Asing subsequently divided between the USNM and (Secretariat of Foreign Research Permit), Ke- MZB, as reflected in the catalog numbers, below. 2 Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia Parenti et al. Institutional abbreviations follow the Standard lections in Herpetology and Ichthyology (Leviton Symbolic Codes for Institutional Research Col- et al. 1985). a RK Hadiaty b LR Parenti c DN Lumbantobing Figure 1. Photos of some field activities: a. Oryzias woworae, LRP 10-26, 22 June 2010; b. Sumbersari Falls, LRP 10-06, 14 June 2010; c. Sand excavation from the bed of Sungai Sampara, tributary of Sungai Pohara, LRP 10-07, 15 June 2010. Volume 14 Nomor 1, Februari 2014 3 Freshwater and coastal fishes of Sulawesi Tenggara Collection stations doala Sampara, Kabupaten Konawe, 15 June We collected fishes at 28 stations. All lo- 2010, 0900-1030, 20 m elev., L. R. Parenti et calities are in the Province of Sulawesi Tenggara al. (Southeastern Sulawesi), Indonesia (Figure 2). Station LRP 10-08. Sungai Pohara at Kam- Station LRP 10-01. Pasar Ikan Kendari (Ken- pung Wawolimbue (S 03°59'77.6", E 122°23' dari Fish Market) (S 03°58'29.6", E 122°35' 77.4"), Desa Wawolimbue, Kabupaten Kona- 40.9"), Kotamadya Kendari, 13 June 2010, we, 15 June 2010, 1130-1300, 33 m elev., L. 0700-0730, specimens purchased by L. R. R. Parenti et al. Parenti, R. K. Hadiaty, S. Sauri & D. N. Station LRP 10-03. Sungai Wolasi (S 04°09' Lumbantobing (hereafter L. R. Parenti et al.). 62.1", E 122°29'56.1"), Kecamatan Wolasi, Station LRP 10-02. Sungai Andauna where Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, 13 June 2010, crossed by road near village of Andambao (S 1330-1415, 167 m elev., L. R. Parenti et al. 04°15'05.2", E 122°29'03.0"), Desa Andam- Station LRP 10-04. Sungai Alulua (S 04°06' bao, Kecamatan Wolasi, Kabupaten Konawe 92.9", E 122°28'42.9"), Kecamatan Wolasi, Selatan, 13 June 2010, 1130-1245, 85 m Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, 13 June 2010, elev., (L. R. Parenti et al.) 1530-1600, 37 m elev., L. R. Parenti et al. Station LRP 10-03. Sungai Wolasi (S 04°09' Station LRP 10-05. Sungai Wolasi (S 04°09' 62.1", E 122°29'56.1"), Kecamatan Wolasi, 62.1", E 122°29'56.1"), Kecamatan Wolasi, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, 13 June 2010, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, 14 June 2010, 1330-1415, 167 m elev., L. R. Parenti et al. 0700-0730, 167 m elev., purchased from Station LRP 10-04. Sungai Alulua (S 04°06' Hajar Malani. 92.9", E 122°28'42.9"), Kecamatan Wolasi, Station LRP 10-06. Steep mountain stream Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, 13 June 2010, with multiple waterfalls to Sumbersari Falls 1530-1600, 37 m elev., L. R. Parenti et al.
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