DOCSLIB.ORG

Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore \'W MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF THE AINU LANGUAGE AND FOLKLORE MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF THE AINU LANGUAGE AND FOLKLORE COLLECTED AND PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION BY BRONISLAW PILSUDSKI EDITED UNDER TlfJS SUPERVISION OF «t*A' J. ROZWADOWSKI, Ph.D. PROFESSOR IN THE JAGELLONIAN UNIVERSITY CRACOW PUBLISHED BY THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (SPASOWICZ FUND „SPOLKA WYDAWNICZA POLSKA11 1912 CRACOW — UNIVERSITY-PRESS — MANAGER J. FILIPOWSKI. PREFACE. i. The Ainus — that enigmatical people who have aroused amongst anthropologists an interest perhaps keener than any other — are a doomed race. Although at present, — that is in the course of the last score of years, they have not been dying out, owing to the generous endeavours of the Japanese Government and of many excellent private members of that nation, still they are perishing as to the characteristics of their race. They are being swiftly and not unwillingly assimilated with their more civilized neighbours, who, inspired with a de­ sire to atone for the wrong done by their forefathers, have systematically done everything to protect them; and since the beginning of the memorable era of the Mej-ji, they have even raised them to a position of fellow - citizenship with themselves. Of that great tribe — possibly the most ancient of all the white races — which formerly played so important a part in the Far East, there is only a remnant left at the present day: about 20,000, scattered over the most northern island of Japan, Hokaido (or Yeso), the South of Saghalien (called in Japanese Karafuto) and one of the Kurile Islands, Shikotan. At present the Ainus are in many places engaged in farming, breeding horses, and fishing on an extensive scale; but till quite lately they were semi-nomads and fishermen of VI a primitive type. The dog was the only domestic animal they had. In Yeso, it aided the hunter; in Saghalien, it was also used as a beast of burden. The huts were made of bark or of reeds; the Ainus of Saghalien and the Kurile Islands alone built (and dug) earth-houses for winter use. As to their religion, it shows traces of fire-worship and the worship of ancestors. There is besides a very distinct cult of animals and of anthropomorphic rulers of nature, upon a basis of primitive animism. A widespread faith exists in the magic potency of certain objects and persons. The Ainus are divided into various territorial totemic groups, amongst which endogamy is the rule, and exogamy the exception. Polygamy is permitted. At present there exists a mixed system of relationship, but the family tie on the female is stronger than that on the male side. The brother of the mother is even at present the head of the family. The sister has, in her own family, more privileges than her brother’s wife. The chiefs in each group enjoy hereditary power; but in any particular case of incapacity, the group has the right to choose a more able chief. The assembly of influential elders has legislative and judicial authority. II. The whole 18 years and more of my sojourn in the Far East was involuntary. Constantly longing to return to my native land, I strove as much as I could to get rid of the painful feeling that I was an exile, in bondage and torn from all that was dearest to me. I therefore naturally felt attracted towards the natives of Saghalien, who alone had a true affection for that country, their immemorial dwelling- place, detested by those who formed the penal colony there. When in contact with these children of nature whom the in­ vasion of an utterly different form of civilisation had bewil­ dered, I knew that I possessed some power and helpfulness, even though deprived of every right, and during the worst T il years of my existence. Besides, having had my schooling at Wilno, in those evil days when cruel attempts were made to force upon the schol contempt of our past and our national culture, and coerce us to speak the foreign intruders’ lan­ guage — I have always endeavoured to live and act so as not to be numbered amongst the hateful destroyers of indi­ vidual and national rights. I have felt deep pleasure in con­ versing with men of another race in their own language — even when that language was Russian. I know by my own heart — what has also been confirmed by many expe­ rience with others — that for the life of the soul, one’s na­ tive speech is what the sun is for organic life: beaming upon it, giving it warmth, feeling, and disposing it to disclose its secret places, and to manifest the treasures hidden away in its depths. It has been pleasant to me to bring some joy and the hope of a better future into the minds of these simple tribesmen, troubled by reason of the hardships of life, which continually increase. The hearty laughter of amused children, the tears of emotion in the eyes of kind women, a faint smile of gratitude on the face of a sick man, exclamations of ap­ proval, or a light tap on the shoulder given by a good friend as a sign that he was pleased: such was the balm with which I willingly relieved the hardship of my fate. When, later, I gradually took interest in ethnographical pursuits, and set with a more fixed purpose to gather mate­ rials, I recognized how important a factor the knowledge of language is to the investigator. Without this, even the ma­ terial conditions of a tribe cannot be well studied; and still less can its beliefs, customs, family and tribal life or its past existence and present aspirations be adequately investigated. It is only by means of conversation in the native lan­ guage — other indispensable qualities being of course sup­ posed to exist — that an atmosphere of friendly feeling can be formed, in which the object — the living M an — is found to answer the Ainu of research; either breaking a command VIII of silence imposed by his fellow tribesmen, or else touching painful wounds which he dislikes even to mention. III. It was in 1896 that I came in contact with them for the first time, when the prison authorities sent me to the south of Saghalien in order to build and fit out a meteorological station, and also to make a small collection of objects ethno- graphically connected with the Ainus. I remained with them, however, too short a time to arrive at any decided result. But even then the outward appearance of the Ainu people, — which strongly recalled types to be found in Europe, now reminding one of Jews, now of Russian peasants, and now of Gipsies, — and still more their language, that sounded very melodious to my ear, with its subtle and (as it were) caressing shades of tone, struck me so powerfully that I fre­ quently found myself desiring to know them at least as well as I know the Ghilyaks who inhabit North Saghalien. In 1902, the desired opportunity came. I was then in Vladivostock. The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences desired me to return to Saghalien and make a considerable ethno­ graphical collection amongst the Ainus. I started in the sum­ mer of that year; but when I had accomplished what I had been sent to do, I was so deeply interested that I made up my mind to remain longer in South Saghalien, in order to become more completely acquainted with it, and with Ainu life. I was kindly assisted in realising this intention of mine by the Russian Committee of the International Society for the Investigation of Central and Eastern Asia; to whose President (V. Radloff, member of the Academy) and Secretary (Dr L. Sternberg) I wish here to express my deepest gratitude. In the course of three years, I received through these gentlemen a sum of about £. 225, which materially helped me in my undertaking. My stay amongst the Ainus lasted till the spring of 1905. IX In the summer of 1903, I also visited the Ainus in Hokaido (or Yeso), having got the necessary leave (by the kind intervention of Mr P. Semionoff, the excellent Vice-Pre­ sident of the Russian Geographical Society, in St. Petersburg) to go abroad and join Mr W. Sieroszewski, the well-known explorer of the Yakuts, who was at the time engaged in mak­ ing researches there. The time of our visit happened to be badly chosen; it was just before the war, and much excite­ ment prevailed among the population; so that we were obliged prematurely to interrupt our work, and leave the pur­ pose of our visit unattained. I nevertheless got a good oppor­ tunity of comparing one branch of the Ainu race with the other. Besides, I had now an opportunity, not only of in­ creasing my store of general knowledge of this tribe, by conversation with Mr Sieroszewski — and, as I had started for Saghalien with little previous scientific equipment, that store was of course somewhat scanty, — but also of receiv­ ing cheering encouragement from a fellow-countryman, fresh from European civilisation. But, to return to my Saghalien expedition. When in Yladivostock, I could find in the Geographical Society’s Li­ brary only one book — a dictionary of Ainu, by Davidoff, that was of but little use to me; and on going to Saghalien. I had to spend the first months almost exclusively in study­ ing the language. My experience amongst the Ghilyaks had taught me that there is no better means of learning than writing out legends from dictation, and trying to make out the sense.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage
    束 9mm Proceedings ISBN : 978-4-9909775-1-1 of the International Researchers Forum: Perspectives Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society Proceedings of International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society 17-18 December 2019 Tokyo Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Co-organised by Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, National Institutes for Cultural Heritage IRCI Proceedings of International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society 17-18 December 2019 Tokyo Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Co-organised by Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Published by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage 2 cho, Mozusekiun-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 590-0802, Japan Tel: +81 – 72 – 275 – 8050 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.irci.jp © International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) Published on 10 March 2020 Preface The International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society was organised by the International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) in cooperation with the Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan and the Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties on 17–18 December 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Loss Model Model
    GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: a Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael J. Ioannides for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthropology presented on December 7, 2017. Title: Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: A Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bryan D. Tilt Although dam construction has been an integral tool in development initiatives for nearly a century, dams can have significant negative impacts on local residents, particularly those who are permanently displaced from their homes and must be resettled elsewhere. Dams have unique impacts on indigenous peoples. As a result, many dam construction projects become flashpoints for organized resistance among indigenous peoples. This thesis examines a case that exemplifies indigenous resistance to dam construction: the Saru River Development Project in Hokkaido, Japan, involving the Nibutani Dam (completed 1997) and the Biratori Dam (under construction). This project has been famously opposed by indigenous Ainu landholders. Although much has been written about the legal and political significance of the Ainu’s resistance to the Saru River Development Project, information on the project’s impacts on local Ainu residents is scattered across many disparate sources, and no comprehensive English-language account has yet been produced. This thesis seeks to fill this gap in the literature by cataloging the impacts of the Saru River Development Project as comprehensively as possible and synthesizing available facts into a holistic account. This thesis organizes these impacts according to the newly-published Matrix Framework (Kirchherr and Charles 2016), enabling it to be more easily compared with other case studies of dam construction around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Almatourism Special Issue N
    Almatourism Special Issue N. 08, 2018: Yoshihara H., Inoue N., The Sacred Landscape of Ainu Culture and its Cultural Landscapes: Case Study on the Conservation Strategy in Biratori City, Hokkaido Almatourism Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development ___________________________________________________________ The Sacred Landscape of Ainu Culture and its Cultural Landscapes: Case Study on the Conservation Strategy in Biratori City, Hokkaido Yoshihara H*. Ainu Culture Conservation Office (Japan) Inoue N†. Otemon Gakuin University (Japan) ABSTRACT The primary aim of this paper is to outline the cultural landscapes associated with the Ainu people and their culture, as well as the characteristics of tourism leveraging these landscapes, in Biratori Town in the Hidaka region of Japan’s Hokkaido Prefecture. Such landscapes incorporate, as an integral part, sacred places of the Ainu, an indigenous people of Japan located mainly in Hokkaido. In particular, the Cultural Landscape along the Sarugawa River Resulting from Ainu Tradition and Modern Settlement has been designated as an Important Cultural Landscape by the Japanese government. Initiatives to preserve and utilize cultural landscapes associated with the Ainu as cultural properties enhance the value of local landscapes, and also have major significance as part of a regional promotion policy and motions for ethnic communities. Section 1 begins with an outline of sacred places in traditional Ainu culture based on examples, and details previous relevant research and studies. This is followed by a summary of views regarding the meanings of the words “sacred” and “places” and related concepts. In Section 2, the overall initiatives taken to preserve sacred places and cultural landscapes, in consideration of the relationship between such places and development of the region’s cultural landscapes, are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • OFFICIAL GAZETTE GOVERNMENTPRIKTING AGENCY { 'Enqush^ EDIJ^J B3*O-+-^+-Fl =+B %Zmmm9ii®S
    OFFICIAL GAZETTE GOVERNMENTPRIKTING AGENCY { 'eNQUSH^ EDIJ^J B3*o-+-^+-fl =+B %zmmM9ii®s No. 1727 TUESDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1951 Price 45.00 yen " the written agreement ")." shall be amended as CABINET ORDERS " the written agreement instead of the deposit in- strument."; in paragraph 2 of the same Article, I hereby promulgate the Cabinet Order for "the preceding paragraph " shall be amended as Partial Amendments to the Cabinet Order concern- " paragraph 4 of the preceding Article or the preced- ing Exception to Deposit for the Purpose of the ing paragraph "; the same Article shall be made Performance of Obligation due to the Non-Resident Article 10 ; the following one Article shall be added Foreigner in Japan, Etc. next to Article 8: Signed: HIROHITO, Seal of the Emperor (Exception to Procedure of Claim for Redemption) Th,is twenty-fifth day of the twelfth month of Article 9. Any person entitled to the redemption the twenty-sixth year of Showa (December 25, 1951) of articles deposited in accordance with the provi- Prime Minister sions of this Cabinet Order shall, when he intends YOSHIDA Shigeru to receive the redemption of the deposited articles, delegate, except in cases where he is other than Cabinet Order No. 385 a non-resident foreigner in Japan at the time Cabinet Order for Partial Amendments to when he intends to receive the redemption, the the Cabinet Order concerning Exception to power concerning claiming for the redemption of Deposit for the Purpose of the Performance the deposited articles to a mission which is ap- of Obligation due to the Non-Resident pointed or approved by the.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Food Systems of Indigenous Peoples: the Ainu in the Saru River Region, Japan
    Chapter 7 Traditional food systems of Indigenous Peoples: the Ainu in the Saru River Region, Japan . MASAMI IWASAKI-GOODMAN, PH.D.1 . SATOMI ISHII, PH.D.2 . TAICHI KAIZAWA3 Indigenous Peoples’ food systems 139 Hokkaido Province Saru River Japan Biratori Figure 7.1 AINU Hidaka District* Biratori, Hidaka District Data from ESRI Global GIS, 2006. Walter Hitschfield Geographic Information Centre, McGill University Library. *Hidaka outline digitized from web-japan.org 2 1 Department of Department of Food Science, 3 Anthropology, Rakuno Gakuen Ainu Culture Hokkai-Gakuen University, University, Ebetsu, Research Center, Sapporo, Japan Japan Biratori, Japan Photographic section >> XXI 140 Indigenous Peoples’ food systems_Ainu “Revitalizing the Ainu food culture will help to re-establish the dignity of the Ainu in the present society.” Mr Koichi Kaizawa, community leader Abstract culture continues. The research team, with the support The Ainu are an Indigenous People who live mainly in the and initiative of the community leader, aimed to conduct northern part of Japan. In 2004, a research team led by the the kind of research that would make a positive community leader Mr Koichi Kaizawa began to examine the use of traditional food in the Saru River region. When they contribution to the life of the local Ainu by ensuring started the research, they found that the usage of traditional their extensive involvement. The examination of the Ainu food was extremely limited because of the government’s Ainu traditional food culture in the Saru River region powerful assimilation of the Ainu into mainstream society. Thus, the research team decided to select the food items to began at the end of March, 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Ainu Ethnobiology
    Williams Ainu Ethnobiology In the last 20 years there has been an increasing focus on study of Ainu culture in Japan, the United States, and in Europe. is has resulted in a number of major exhibitions and publications such as “Ainu, Spirit of a Northern People” published in 1999 by the Ainu Ethnobiology Smithsonian and the University of Washington Press. While such e orts have greatly enhanced our general knowledge of the Ainu, they did not allow for a full understanding of the way in which the Ainu regarded and used plants and animals in their daily life. is study aims at expanding our knowledge of ethnobiology as a central component of Ainu culture. It is based in large part on an analysis of the work of Ainu, Japanese, and Western researchers working in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. Ainu Ethnobiology Dai Williams was born in Lincoln, England in 1941. He received a BA in Geography and Anthropology from Oxford University in 1964 and a MA in Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania in 1969. He spent the majority of his career in city and regional planning. His cultural research began through museum involvement in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based in Kyoto from 1989, he began research on the production and use of textiles in 19th century rural Japan. His research on the Ainu began in 1997 but primarily took place in Hokkaido between 2005 and 2009. Fieldwork focused on several areas of Hokkaido, like the Saru River Basin and the Shiretoko Peninsula, which the Ainu once occupied.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Imagined Asia: Archaeology and Museum Anthropology of the Chinese Diaspora and the Ainu Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70n0g175 Author Lowman, Christopher B. Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Imagined Asia: Archaeology and Museum Anthropology of the Chinese Diaspora and the Ainu By Christopher B. Lowman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Laurie A. Wilkie, Chair Doctor Ira Jacknis Professor Jun Sunseri Professor Michael Omi Fall 2019 Abstract Imagined Asia: Archaeology and Museum Anthropology of the Chinese Diaspora and the Ainu by Christopher B. Lowman Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Laurie A. Wilkie, Chair Archaeological sites and ethnographic museums preserve materials, and the human lives to which they connect, in different ways. Sites preserve evidence of peoples’ everyday lives in the form of their material contents, but by their nature as buried and often fragmented artifacts and features they also indicate some degree of loss or even erasure during the process of the site’s formation. Ethnographic museums, by contrast, purposefully preserve both material and documentary evidence of people’s lives. However, they also maintain the context of the collection’s creation, the agencies of the original owners, collectors, and institutions involved in their assembly. This dissertation examines an archaeology site and museum collections in tandem to discern their shared context in transpacific interactions between the United States and East Asia in the late nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Look at Participatory Research Projects with Indigenous Communities
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of the South Pacific Electronic Research Repository What is a community’s desire? A critical look at participatory research projects with Indigenous communities Naohiro Nakamura School of Geography, Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 1 Abstract Participatory approaches have become a critical and somewhat normalised methodology in geography for working in a positive and constructive way with Indigenous communities. Nevertheless, recent literature has seldom examined the sustainability of participatory projects or looked critically at their ongoing impacts. Since the early 2000s, Nibutani, an Ainu community in Hokkaido, Japan, has developed several participatory projects, led by a non-Indigenous professional. The projects have involved community members working to revitalise and promote local Ainu culture. Over the last decade, some positive outcomes from the projects have been observed; for example, the younger generation has had opportunities to engage intensively in learning local Indigenous knowledge and skills. The projects have also helped some participants to develop a stronger sense of ethnic identity and gain empowerment. Still, the power transfer from the talented non-Indigenous leader to community members has been limited and Nibutani has yet to realise a sustainable project structure. Also, community members have multiple perspectives in regards to the direction of participatory projects and their impact. I discuss these issues in Nibutani’s participatory projects based on my observations and interviews and suggest that Indigenous geographies need to undertake follow-up evaluations of participatory projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest for All Forever
    FSC National Risk Assessment For Japan DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-JP V1-0 National approval National decision body: FSC Japan Board Date: 30 November 2017 International approval FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date: 27 June 2018 International contact Name: Chisato Mishiba Email address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 27 June 2018 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for NRA FSC Japan maintenance FSC-NRA-JP V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR JAPAN 2018 – 1 of 175 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Japan .......................................................... 3 Background information .............................................................................................................. 4 List of experts involved in the risk assessment and their contact details ..................................... 8 National Risk Assessment maintenance ................................................................................... 11 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment ........................... 11 List of key stakeholders for consultation ................................................................................... 11 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................................... 14 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Efflorescence: Beyond Revitalisation in Sapmi and Ainu Mosir
    INDIGENOUS EFFLORESCENCE BEYOND REVITALISATION IN SAPMI AND AINU MOSIR INDIGENOUS EFFLORESCENCE BEYOND REVITALISATION IN SAPMI AND AINU MOSIR EDITED BY GERALD ROCHE, HIROSHI MARUYAMA AND ÅSA VIRDI KROIK MONOGRAPHS IN ANTHROPOLOGY SERIES This book is dedicated to our students. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462628 ISBN (online): 9781760462635 WorldCat (print): 1078701250 WorldCat (online): 1078701578 DOI: 10.22459/IE.2018 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover illustration by Jenny Kroik. This edition © 2018 ANU Press Contents List of Illustrations . xi Acknowledgements . xiii Notes on Language: Locations in Sapmi – Land of the Sami . xv Glossaries of Non-English Terms . xvii Contributors . xxi Summary of Indigenous Efflorescence: Beyond Revitalisation in Sapmi and Ainu Mosir . 1 Summarised in South Sami by David Kroik Introduction: Indigenous Efflorescence . 5 Gerald Roche with Åsa Virdi Kroik and Hiroshi Maruyama Part One: Contexts of Efflorescence Introduction: Contexts of Efflorescence . 23 Gerald Roche 1 . Narratives of Truth: An Exploration of Narrative Theory as a Tool in Decolonising Research . 29 Markus Nyström 2 . Cikornay National Trust: Emancipation of Our Ainu land from Colonial Land Use and for the Enjoyment of Ainu Culture . 53 Kouichi Kaizawa (translated by Masumi Tanaka) 3 . ‘He Might Come Back’: Views on Sámi Cultural and Linguistic Revitalisation from Finland .
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphological Development of the Western Hidaka, Hokkaido
    Geomorphological Development of the Western Hidaka, Hokkaido 著者 OUCHI Yasushi 雑誌名 The science reports of the Tohoku University. 7th series, Geography 巻 24 号 2 ページ 165-182 発行年 1974-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10097/44985 Geomorphological Development of the Western Hidaka, Hokkaido Yasushi, OUCHI Introduction Across the western fringe of the Hidaka mountains, such rivers as the Saru and the Mukawa rising in the mountains, flow into the Pacific Ocean. In this area, the geomorphic surfaces i.e. coastal terraces, river terraces, gentle slopes, and fans are well developed. These geomorphic surfaces have been studied on various view point of geomor- phology. Previous studies would be divided in two categories, i.e. those oriented to crustal movements clarified by the correlation of terrace surfaces, and those oriented to geomorphological development related to glacial stages or periglacial phenomena. As the former, Hanai (1934) and Ogasawara (1951) reported about the classi- fication of coastal terraces and the crustal movements around the Cape Erimo. Sakaguchi (1959) reported the crustal movements throughout the Hidaka Coast, and the ages of terrace formation. As the latter, comprehensive studies were done by Imai (1960, 1961) and Torii (1963, 1968). Torii mentioned on the buried topography too. Since then, however, few study has followed in this area. Examining previous reports, the writer thinks that some problems remain to be solved. There are some different opinions on classification, distribution, correlation and chronology of terrace surfaces. Since Sakaguchi (1953) proposed the chronology in and around the Hidaka mountains, there is no apparent progress on chronology of geomorphic surfaces, i.e.
    [Show full text]