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Architecture Publications Architecture Winter 2008 Frank Lloyd Wright in Iowa Daniel J. Naegele Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/arch_pubs Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ arch_pubs/54. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Architecture at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Frank Lloyd Wright in Iowa Abstract Why "Wright in Iowa?" Are there ways that Wright's Iowa works are distinguished from his built works elsewhere? Iowa is a typical Midwest state, exceptional in neither general geography nor landscape. The ts ate's urban areas are minor, and Iowa has never been known for its subscription to avant-garde architecture. Its most renowned artist, Grant Wood, painted Iowa's rolling hills and pie-faced people in cartoon-like images that simultaneously champion and question the coalescence of people and place. Indeed, the state's most convincing buildings are found on its farms with their unpretentious, vernacular, agricultural buildings. Disciplines Architectural History and Criticism Comments This article is from Frank Lloyd Wright Quarterly 19 (2008): 4–9. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/arch_pubs/54 a (Photos above and opposite page, top right) The Lowell and Agnes Walter hy "Wright in Iowa?" Are House, "Cedar Rock," Quasqueton, W there ways that Wright's Iowa. Both the Walter House (see story Iowa works are distin­ pages 22-29) and the Stockman House guished from his built in Mason City, Iowa, (see cover image works elsewhere? Iowa is a typical and story pages 16-19) are now operated as house museums, open to the public. Midwest state, exceptional in neither These two now-public houses and the general geography nor landscape. seven privately owned Wright-designed The state's urban areas are minor, LLOYD homes in Iowa provide insight into and Iowa has never been known for Wright's lifelong efforts to find afford­ its subscription to avant-garde archi­ able architectural solutions for an appropriate house form for American tecture. Its most renowned artist, Grant society. (Below right) Ladies Home Wood, painted Iowa's rolling hills Journal, June 1945. Wright often used and pie-faced people in cartoon-like WRIGI-IT the popular press to take both his images that simultaneously champion designs and his design philosophy and question the coalescence of people directly to the public, and the success and place. Indeed, the state's most of this effort is evident in the inspira­ tion for a number of the Iowa houses. convincing buildings are found on its farms with their unpretentious, ver­ IN IOWA After seeing Wright's design "Opus 497" (the approximate number of buildings nacular, agricultural buildings. Wright had designed by this time) in the Certainly, in addition to physical Introduction 1945 Ladies Home Journal, Lowell proximity to Wright's home state of and Agnes Walter asked Wright to Wisconsin, Iowa's Midwestern quali­ adapt it for their site along the banks of by Daniel Naegele, Ph.D. the Wapsipinicon River. Photo above ties were compatible with Wright's © Daniel Naegele; photo opposite page own convictions. Wright railed against © Chad Thurman. European and neo ~ classical influ­ ences, insisting on the development of a uniquely American way of build­ ing. He believed in Jeffersonian gov­ ernment and the associated architec- ture of the agrarian gentleman, and the ten Wright-designed buildings in he regularly dismissed the big city in Iowa, nine are houses; the only non­ II favor of decentralized towns. With residential structure is the Park Inn the exception of the Walter House, Hotel and City National Bank, built in built on a large farm site, all of Mason City, Iowa, in 1909. The 1908 Wright's Iowa buildings are either Stockman House, the 1917 Meier small-town urban or small-town sub­ House, and the 1945 Walter House urban buildings. were built after each of their owners Wright's reputation for organic read popular home magazines featur­ design, for buildings that grace the ing Wright designs for affordable landscape, for a site-specific architec­ housing. And six Usonian houses com­ ture that seeks harmony with nature pleted mid-century in Iowa demon­ is firmly established. Yet the expense strate masterful Wright approaches of such building often rendered it for realizing unconventional, natural elitist. How to combine the organic houses on less-than-elaborate budgets. and the affordable? Early in his career The 1908 Stockman House, Wright's a reasonable way to bring Wrightian Wright began addressing the chal­ first Iowa building, was a non-fire­ custom-designed domestic architec­ lenge of designing beautiful afford­ proof manifestation of Wright's famed ture to the masses, to sow the seeds of able homes for families of modest all-concrete "Fireproof House for a new American house otherwise means. And it is in this area that Iowa $5000," published as a site-less pro­ beyond the means of most. 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    F.L. Wright: Precedent, Analysis & Transformation Prof. Kai Gutschow CMU, Arch 48-441 (Project Course) Spring 2005, M/W/F 11:30-12:20, CFA 211 4/15/05 BROADACRE & SQUARE USONIANS Jacobs 1936 Broadacre City, 1935 Pope-Leihey, 1939 Typical Usonian Wall Section Rosenbaum, 1939 F.L. Wright: Precedent, Analysis & Transformation Prof. Kai Gutschow CMU, Arch 48-441 (Project Course) Spring 2005, M/W/F 11:30-12:20, CFA 211 4/15/05 USONIAN ANALYSIS Sergeant, John. FLW’s Usonian Houses McCarter, Robert. FLW. Ch. 9 Jacobs, Herbert. Building with FLW MacKenzie, Archie. “Rewriting the Natural House,” in Morton, Terry. The Pope-Keihey House McCarter, A Primer on Arch’l Principles P. & S. Hanna. FLW’s Hanna House Burns, John. “Usonian Houses,” in Yesterday’s Houses... De Long, David. Auldbrass. Handlin, David. The Modern Home Reisely, Roland Usonia, New York Wright, Gwendolyn. Building the Dream Rosenbaum, Alvin. Usonia. FLW’s Designs... FLW CHRONOLOGY 1932-1959 1932 FLW Autobiography published, 1st ed. (also 1943, 1977) FLW The Disappearing City published (decentralization advocated) May-Oct. "Modern Architecture" exhibit at MoMA, NY (H.R. Hitchcock & P. Johnson, Int’l Style) Malcolm Wiley Hse., Proj. #1, Minneapolis, MN (revised and built 1934) Oct. Taliesin Fellowship formed, 32 apprentices, additions to Taliesin Bldgs. 1933 Jan. Hitler comes to power in Germany, diaspora to America: Gropius (Harvard, 1937), Mies v.d. Rohe (IIT, 1939), Mendelsohn (Berkeley, 1941), A. Aalto (MIT, 1942) Mar. F.D. Roosevelt inaugurated, New Deal (1933-40) “One hundred days.” 25% unemployment. A.A.A., C.C.C. P.W.A., N.R.A., T.V.A., F.D.I.C.