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Corpus Study of Tense, Aspect, and Modality in Diglossic Speech in Cairene Arabic
CORPUS STUDY OF TENSE, ASPECT, AND MODALITY IN DIGLOSSIC SPEECH IN CAIRENE ARABIC BY OLA AHMED MOSHREF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Elabbas Benmamoun, Chair Professor Eyamba Bokamba Professor Rakesh M. Bhatt Assistant Professor Marina Terkourafi ABSTRACT Morpho-syntactic features of Modern Standard Arabic mix intricately with those of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic in ordinary speech. I study the lexical, phonological and syntactic features of verb phrase morphemes and constituents in different tenses, aspects, moods. A corpus of over 3000 phrases was collected from religious, political/economic and sports interviews on four Egyptian satellite TV channels. The computational analysis of the data shows that systematic and content morphemes from both varieties of Arabic combine in principled ways. Syntactic considerations play a critical role with regard to the frequency and direction of code-switching between the negative marker, subject, or complement on one hand and the verb on the other. Morph-syntactic constraints regulate different types of discourse but more formal topics may exhibit more mixing between Colloquial aspect or future markers and Standard verbs. ii To the One Arab Dream that will come true inshaa’ Allah! عربية أنا.. أميت دمها خري الدماء.. كما يقول أيب الشاعر العراقي: بدر شاكر السياب Arab I am.. My nation’s blood is the finest.. As my father says Iraqi Poet: Badr Shaker Elsayyab iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I’m sincerely thankful to my advisor Prof. Elabbas Benmamoun, who during the six years of my study at UIUC was always kind, caring and supportive on the personal and academic levels. -
Arabic Verbs Made Easy with Effort
Arabic online for English Speakers Basic Arabic أسس by practice العربـيـةبالتطبيق Arabic Verbs Made Easy with Effort Ghalib Al-Hakkak Singular Dual Plural Past Present Past Present Past Present نـ ـــــــ ـــــــ نا نـ ـــــــ ـــــــ نا أ ـــــــ ـــــــت تـ ـــــــ ون ـــــــ تم تـ ـــــــ ان ـــــــ تـام تـ ـــــــ ـــــــت تـ ـــــــ ن ـــــــ تـن تـ ـــــــ ان ـــــــ تـام تـ ـــــــ يـن ـــــــت يـ ـــــــ ون ـــــــ وا يـ ـــــــ ان ـــــــ ا يـ ـــــــ ـــــــَ يـ ـــــــ ن ـــــــ ن تـ ـــــــ ان ـــــــ تا تـ ـــــــ ـــــــت Singular Dual Plural مجزوم منصوب مرفوع مجزوم منصوب مرفوع مجزوم منصوب مرفوع Same spelling Same spelling نكتب Same spelling Same spelling نكتب Same spelling Same spelling أكتب تكتبوا تكتبوا تكتبون تكتبا تكتبا تكتبان Same spelling Same spelling تكتب Same spelling Same spelling تكتبـن تكتبا تكتبا تكتبان تكتبي تكتبي تكتبيـن يكتبوا يكتبوا يكتبون يكتبا يكتبا يكتبان Same spelling Same spelling يكتب Same spelling Same spelling يكتبـن تكتبا تكتبا تكتبان Same spelling Same spelling تكتب Partial - for personnal use Arabic online for English Speakers http://www.al-hakkak.fr Basic Arabic أسس by practice العربـيـةبالتطبيق Arabic Verbs Made Easy with Effort Version 1.4 Tables, exercises, corrections and index Textbook with online recordings Ghalib Al-Hakkak © Ghalib Al-Hakkak, Self published author - France ( [email protected] ) 1 Partial - for personnal use © Ghalib Al-Hakkak, August 2016 ISBN-13: 978-1536813913 / ISBN-10: 1536813915 Author : Ghalib AL-HAKKAK, Marmagne 71710, Burgandy, France Publisher : Ghalib AL-HAKKAK, Self published author (auteur auto-édité) Printed by and distributed through : Amazon Website : www.al-hakkak.fr Email : [email protected] 2 Partial - for personnal use Introduction It is important for an English speaker to choose the most suitable way to learn Arabic verbs. -
Inflectional Morphology in Arabic and English: a Contrastive Study
International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. 5, No. 2; 2015 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Inflectional Morphology in Arabic and English: A Contrastive Study Muayad Abdul-Halim Ahmad Shamsan1,2 & Abdul-majeed Attayib3 1 College of Science and Arts, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia 2 Faculty of Arts, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan 3 English Language Centre, Umm AlQura University, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Muayad Abdul-Halim Ahmad Shamsan, M. A Lecturer, College of Science and Arts, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: January 14, 2015 Accepted: February 12, 2015 Online Published: March 29, 2015 doi:10.5539/ijel.v5n2p139 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v5n2p139 Abstract This paper investigates Arabic and English inflectional morphology with a view to identifying the similarities and differences between them. The differences between the two languages might be the main reason for making errors by Arab EFL learners. Predicting the sources of such errors might help both teachers and learners to overcome these problems. By identifying the morphological differences between the two languages, teachers will determine how and what to teach, on the one hand, and students will know how and what to focus on when learning the target language, on the other. Keywords: inflectional morphology, modern standard Arabic, contrastive analysis 1. Introduction 1.1 Inflectional Morphology Inflectional affixes are those which are affixed to words to indicate grammatical function. Spencer, (1991, p. 21) points out “Inflectional operations leave untouched the syntactic category of the base, but they too add extra elements. -
The Lexical Semantics of the Arabic Verb OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, Spi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, Spi
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, SPi The Lexical Semantics of the Arabic Verb OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, SPi The Lexical Semantics of the Arabic Verb PETER JOHN GLANVILLE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/2/2018, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, , United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Peter John Glanville The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in Impression: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Madison Avenue, New York, NY , United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN –––– (hbk.) –––– (pbk.) Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
Adverbs in Kenyang
International Journal of Linguistics and Communication June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 112-133 ISSN: 2372-479X (Print) 2372-4803 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a13 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a13 Adverbs in Kenyang Tabe Florence A. E1 Abstract Kenyang (a Niger-Congo language spoken in Cameroon) has both pure and derived adverbs. Characteristic features of Kenyang adverbs can be captured from event structure constituting different functional projections in the syntax. Thus the behaviour of adverbs in this language is inextricably bound to both syntactic and semantic phenomena. The nature of the interface between them is explained based on their distribution and properties in the language. The adverbs can appear left-adjoined or right-adjoined to the verb. From a cartographic perspective, Kenyang adverbs can occupy different functional heads comprising the CP, IP and VP respectively. Each syntactic position affects the semantics of the proposition. The possibility of adverb stacking is constrained by the pragmatics of the semantic zones and the co-occurrence and ordering restrictions in the syntax. The ordering is a relative linear proximity rather than a fixed order. The theoretical relevance of the analysis is obtained from the assumption that there is a feasible correlation between the classes of adverbs and independently motivated functional projections, on the one hand, and on the existence of a one-to-one correlation between syntactic positions and semantic structures, on the other hand. Keywords: event structure, adverb taxonomy, interface, adverb focus, adverb ordering 1.0 Introduction Adverbs have been treated as the least homogenous category to define in language because their analysis as a grammatical category remains peripheral to the basic argument structure of the sentence. -
Defective Causative and Perception Verb Constructions in Romance. a Minimalist Approach to Infinitival and Subjunctive Clauses
Defective causative and perception verb constructions in Romance. A minimalist approach to infinitival and subjunctive clauses Elena Ciutescu Doctoral Dissertation Supervised by Dr. Jaume Mateu Fontanals Programa de Doctorat Ciència Cognitiva i Llenguatge Centre de Lingüística Teòrica Departament de Filologia Catalana Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2018 Eu nu strivesc corola de minuni a lumii şi nu ucid cu mintea tainele, ce le-ntâlnesc în calea mea în flori, în ochi, pe buze ori morminte. Lumina altora sugrumă vraja nepătrunsului ascuns în adâncimi de întuneric, dar eu, eu cu lumina mea sporesc a lumii taină- şi-ntocmai cum cu razele ei albe luna nu micşorează, ci tremurătoare măreşte şi mai tare taina nopţii, aşa îmbogăţesc şi eu întunecata zare cu largi fiori de sfânt mister şi tot ce-i nenţeles se schimbă-n nenţelesuri şi mai mari sub ochii mei- căci eu iubesc şi flori şi ochi şi buze şi morminte. Lucian Blaga – ‘Eu nu strivesc corola de minuni a lumii’ (Poemele luminii, 1919) Abstract The present dissertation explores aspects of the micro-parametric variation found in defective complements of causative and perception verbs in Romance. The study deals with infinitival and subjunctive clauses with overt lexical subjects in three Romance languages: Spanish, Catalan and Romanian. I focus on various syntactic phenomena of the Case-agreement system in environments that exhibit defective C-T dependencies (in the spirit of Chomsky 2000; 2001, Gallego 2009; 2010; 2014). I argue in favour of a unifying account of the non- finite complementation of causative and perception verbs, investigating at the same time the mechanisms responsible for the micro-parametric variation exhibited by the three languages. -
2008Impersonalization.Pdf
TRPS 211 Dispatch: 24.6.08 Journal: TRPS CE: Blackwell Journal Name Manuscript No. -B Author Received: No. of pages: 23 PE: Mahendrakumar Transactions of the Philological Society Volume 106:2 (2008) 1–23 1 2 INTRODUCTION: IMPERSONALIZATION FROM A 3 SUBJECT-CENTRED VS. AGENT-CENTRED 4 PERSPECTIVE 5 6 By ANNA SIEWIERSKA 7 Lancaster University 8 9 10 1. PRELIMINARIES 11 The notion of impersonality is a broad and disparate one. In the 12 main, impersonality has been studied in the context of Indo- 13 European languages and especially Indo-European diachronic 14 linguistics (see e.g. Seefranz-Montag 1984; Lambert 1998; Bauer 15 2000). It is only very recently that discussions of impersonal 16 constructions have been extended to languages outside Europe (see 17 e.g. Aikhenvald et al. 2001; Creissels 2007; Malchukov 2008 and the 18 papers in Malchukov & Siewierska forthcoming). The currently 19 available analyses of impersonal constructions within theoretical 20 models of grammar are thus all based on European languages. The 21 richness of impersonal constructions in European languages, has, 22 however, ensured that they be given due attention within any model 23 of grammar with serious aspirations. Consequently, the linguistic 24 literature boasts of many theory-specific analyses of various 25 impersonal constructions. The last years have seen a heightening 26 of interest in impersonality and a series of new analyses of 27 impersonal constructions. The present special issue brings together 28 five of these analyses spanning the formal ⁄ functional-cognitive 29 divide. Three of the papers in this volume, by Divjak and Janda, by 30 Afonso and by Helasvuo and Vilkuna, offer analyses couched 31 within or inspired by different versions of the marriage of 32 Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar as developed by 33 Langacker (1991), Goldberg (1995, 2006) and Croft (2001). -
A Comparative Analysis of the Arabic and English Verb Systems Using the Qur’An Arabic Corpus
A Comparative Analysis of The Arabic and English Verb Systems Using the Qur’an Arabic Corpus A corpus-based study Jawharah Saeed Alasmari Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Languages May, 2020 I The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Jawharah Alasmari to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2020 The University of Leeds and Jawharah Saeed Alasmari II Publication Chapters two, three, and five of this thesis are based on the following jointly-authored publications. The candidate is the principal author of all original contributions presented in these papers, the co-authors acted in an advisory capacity, providing feedback, general guidance and comments. Alasmari, J., Watson, J. C. E., and Atwell E. (2018). A Contrastive Study of the Arabic and English Verb Tense and Aspect A Corpus-Based Approach. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), pp. 1604-1615. Alasmari, J., Watson J. C.E., and Atwell, E. (2017). A comparative analysis of verb tense and aspect in Arabic and English using Google Translate. International Journal on Islamic Applications in Computer Science and Technology, 5(3), pp. 9-14. -
Berkeley Linguistics Society
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 10-12, 2006 SPECIAL SESSION on THE LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS OF OCEANIA Edited by Zhenya Antić Charles B. Chang Clare S. Sandy Maziar Toosarvandani Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright © 2012 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 0363-2946 LCCN 76-640143 Printed by Sheridan Books 100 N. Staebler Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS A note regarding the contents of this volume ........................................................ iii Foreword ................................................................................................................ iv SPECIAL SESSION Oceania, the Pacific Rim, and the Theory of Linguistic Areas ...............................3 BALTHASAR BICKEL and JOHANNA NICHOLS Australian Complex Predicates ..............................................................................17 CLAIRE BOWERN Composite Tone in Mian Noun-Noun Compounds ...............................................35 SEBASTIAN FEDDEN Reconciling meng- and NP Movement in Indonesian ...........................................47 CATHERINE R. FORTIN The Role of Animacy in Teiwa and Abui (Papuan) ..............................................59 MARIAN KLAMER AND FRANTIŠEK KRATOCHVÍL A Feature Geometry of the Tongan Possessive Paradigm .....................................71 -
Simple And-Relative Clauses in Panare Spike Gildea A
ii SIMPLE AND-RELATIVE CLAUSES IN PANARE APPROVED: by SPIKE GILDEA A THESIS Presented to the Department of Linguistics and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 1989 iii iv An Abstract of the Thesis of Spike Gildea for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Linguistics to be takaa 1989 Title: SIMPLE AND RELATIVE CLAUSES IN PANARE Approved: Copyright 1989 Spike Gildea This thesis is a description, based on original field work, of simple and relative clauses in Panare, a Cariban language spoken by 2000-2500 people in central Venezuela. The three types of simple clauses described are past tenses, predicate nominals, and an aspect- inflected verb with an auxiliary. The set of aspect inflections in Panare is historically derived from a set of nominalizing suffixes, and in related languages, cognates to the Panare aspect suffixes are still nominalizers. The evolution from nominalizer to aspect in Panare follows a previously described pattern language of change, one which appears in studies of both language acquisition and of historical change. The two types of relative clause strategy described are finite, based on the past tense verbs and on one the auxiliaries for the aspect- inflected verb, and the less finite, based on the aspect-inflected verb itself. VITA NAME OF AUTHOR: Spike Lawrence Owen Gildea PLACE OF BIRTH: Salem, Oregon DATE OF BIRTH: June 17, 1961 GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SGHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon Washington University -
Aspect-Marking Basic Verbs in Arabic Dana Abdulrahim University of Alberta
Polyfunctionality: Basic Verbs Monday 24 June / 16:30-16:55 / CCIS L1-140 Aspect-marking Basic Verbs in Arabic Dana Abdulrahim University of Alberta Cognitive approaches to language assert that our earliest, primary bodily experiences with the world play a very crucial role in shaping linguistic structures (Lakoff, 1987). Basic Verbs, or lexical items encoding basic bodily events and states, such as COME, GO, SIT, STAND, LIE, EAT, DRINK, TAKE, GIVE, etc. (Newman, 2004), show a proliferation of uses across languages ranging from polysemous and idiomatic uses to patterns of grammaticalization and collocation. Cross-linguistically, verbs denoting GO, for instance, can assume numerous grammatical functions such as marking future tense, habitual and progressive aspects, purpose and change-of-state, etc. (Heine and Kuteva, 2002). A great deal of research has been dedicated to the investigation of the properties as well as uses of Basic Verbs in several languages, such as GO and COME (e.g. Fillmore, 1966; Radden, 1996; to name but a few), EAT and DRINK (Newman and Rice, 2006), SIT, STAND, and LIE (Newman and Rice, 2004), and GIVE (e.g. Newman, 1996). While the existing body of cross-linguistic research on Basic Verbs is growing, there is relatively little research that has been done on the variations in functions and behavior of Basic Verbs across standard and spoken varieties of Arabic. This paper will discuss the lexico-syntactic properties of certain Basic Verbs in Arabic – more specifically, aspect-marking Basic Verbs – in standard and some non-standard varieties of Arabic. An online MSA corpus (www.arabicorpus.byu.edu) and a spoken corpus constructed by the author will be the main source for contextualized verb uses. -
Cultural and Linguistic Guidelines for Language Evaluation of Arab-American
Cultural and linguistic guidelines for language evaluation of Arab-American children using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) Reference this material as: Khamis-Dakwar,R., Al-Askary,H., Benmamoun,A., Ouali,H., Green,H., Leung,T., & Al-Asbahi,K. (2012, September 30). Cultural and linguistic guidelines for language evaluation of Arab-American children using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF).Available from doi:xxxxx Copyright © 2012 Reem Khamis-Dakwar. All rights reserved Part I: The Cultural and Linguistic Background of Arab-Americans Introduction Based on the 2000 census, Arab Americans comprise 0.42% of the population in the United States (U.S.). The Arab-American population in the United States has been showing a steady increase since the 1980s (US. Bureau of the Census, 2005)1. Similar to other minority populations in the U.S., there has been a corresponding increase in the number of children referred for language assessment from this specific cultural and linguistic background. It is one of the top ten languages among English Language Learners (LLEs) in the U.S. (Batalova & Margie, 2010). Arab-Americans, as part of the diverse Arab population, compose a heterogeneous group; they come to the U.S. from countries in the North African region (such as Morocco), the Mediterranean region (such as Jordan), or the Arab Gulf region (such as Qatar) (Al-Hazza & Lucking, 2005) and may belong to a variety of religious faiths such as Islam, Christianity, Druze or Judaism. Despite these differences, Arab- Americans share historical memories, cultural values, cultural practices and Arabic as a native language 2(Khamis-Dakwar & Froud, 2012).