IPI, Logicmaster 90-70 S/W Pkg, V5.0 Pgmr and Conf, GFK-0350P
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Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems Abstract: Chapter 3 provides a complete coverage on operating systems booting. It explains the booting principle and the booting sequence of various kinds of bootable devices. These include booting from floppy disk, hard disk, CDROM and USB drives. Instead of writing a customized booter to boot up only MTX, it shows how to develop booter programs to boot up real operating systems, such as Linux, from a variety of bootable devices. In particular, it shows how to boot up generic Linux bzImage kernels with initial ramdisk support. It is shown that the hard disk and CDROM booters developed in this book are comparable to GRUB and isolinux in performance. In addition, it demonstrates the booter programs by sample systems. 3.1. Booting Booting, which is short for bootstrap, refers to the process of loading an operating system image into computer memory and starting up the operating system. As such, it is the first step to run an operating system. Despite its importance and widespread interests among computer users, the subject of booting is rarely discussed in operating system books. Information on booting are usually scattered and, in most cases, incomplete. A systematic treatment of the booting process has been lacking. The purpose of this chapter is to try to fill this void. In this chapter, we shall discuss the booting principle and show how to write booter programs to boot up real operating systems. As one might expect, the booting process is highly machine dependent. To be more specific, we shall only consider the booting process of Intel x86 based PCs. -
Memory Management
University of Mississippi eGrove American Institute of Certified Public Guides, Handbooks and Manuals Accountants (AICPA) Historical Collection 1993 Memory management American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Information echnologyT Division Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides Part of the Accounting Commons, and the Taxation Commons Recommended Citation American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Information echnologyT Division, "Memory management" (1993). Guides, Handbooks and Manuals. 486. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/486 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Historical Collection at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Guides, Handbooks and Manuals by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION BULLETIN AICPA American Institute of Certified Public Accountants TECHNOLOGY Notice to Readers This technology bulletin is the first in a series of bulletins that provide accountants with information about a particular technology. These bulletins are issued by the AICPA Information Technology Division for the benefit of Information Technology Section Members. This bulletin does not establish standards or preferred practice; it represents the opinion of the author and does not necessarily reflect the policies of the AICPA or the Information Technology Division. The Information Technology Division expresses its appreciation to the author of this technology bulletin, Liz O’Dell. She is employed by Crowe, Chizek and Company in South Bend, Indiana, as a manager of firmwide microcomputer operations, supporting both hardware and software applications. Liz is an Indiana University graduate with an associate’s degree in computer information systems and a bachelor’s degree in business management. -
Microsoft Windows for MS
Month Year Version Major Changes or Remarks Microsoft buys non-exclusive rights to market Pattersons Quick & Dirty Operating System from December 1980 QDOS Seattle Computer Products (Developed as 86-DOS) (Which is a clone of Digital Researches C P/M in virtually every respect) Microsoft buys all rights to 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, and the name MS-DOS is July 1981 86-DOS adopted for Microsoft's purposes and IBM PC- DOS for shipment with IBM PCs (For Computers with the Intel 8086 Processor) Digital Research release CP/M 86 for the Intel Q3 1981 CP/M 86 8086 Processer Pre-Release PC-DOS produced for IBM Personal Mid 1981 PC-DOS 1.0 Computers (IBM PC) Supported 16K of RAM, ~ Single-sided 5.25" 160Kb Floppy Disk OEM PC-DOS for IBM Corporation. (First August 1982 PC-DOS 1.1 Release Version) OEM Version for Zenith Computer Corporation.. (Also known as Z-DOS) This added support for September 1982 MS-DOS 1.25 Double-Sided 5.25" 320Kb Floppy Disks. Previously the disk had to be turned over to use the other side Digital Research release CP/M Plus for the Q4 1982 CP/M Plus Intel 8086 Processer OEM Version For Zenith - This added support for IBM's 10 MB Hard Disk, Directories and Double- March 1983 MS-DOS 2.0 Density 5.25" Floppy Disks with capacities of 360 Kb OEM PC-DOS for IBM Corporation. - Released March 1983 PC-DOS 2.0 to support the IBM XT Microsoft first announces it intention to create a GUI (Graphical User Interface) for its existing MS-DOS Operating System. -
Older Operating Systems
Older Operating Systems Class Notes # 14 Computer Configuration November 20, 2003 The default configuration of DOS, which may be adequate for many users, is intended to work with the greatest number of systems. DOS also allows users to take full advantage of their computers features. We could configure our computer to operate more efficiently. There are two general ways of making our computers efficient: • Add or replace hardware • Use software to attain an optimal configuration for existing hardware resources DOS falls in the second category. With DOS we can manage our memory more efficiently and we can also use special device drivers and utility programs to enhance the performance of our hardware and software. Device Drivers Device drivers are software programs, which is used by DOS to control hardware devices. Most device drivers are loaded at boot time by including the device driver in your CONFIG.SYS. The DEVICE command tells DOS to load a device driver and uses the following syntax: DEVICE = driver /switches The driver is the actual software for the device, and the /switches are any switches that the device driver software needs. For example, the mouse device driver (MOUSE.SYS) is loaded in the CONFIG.SYS file with this command: DEVICE = C:\DRIVERS\MOUSE.SYS The DEVICE = command tells DOS that the program file name MOUSE.SYS stored in the \DRIVERS directory on drive C is a TSR needed to drive the mouse device. You may also load certain device drivers in AUTOEXEC.BAT. For example, the mouse device driver can also be loaded from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. -
Ramcram.Txt MEMORY MANAGEMENT for CD-ROM WORKSTATIONS
ramcram.txt MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR CD-ROM WORKSTATIONS by Peter Brueggeman Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library University of California San Diego "Memory management for CD-ROM workstations, Part II", CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL, 4(6):74-78, November 1991. "Memory management for CD-ROM workstations, Part I", CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL, 4(5):39-43, September 1991. The nature of the memory in IBM compatible microcomputers can be confusing to understand and worse to manage. If you are lucky, everything runs fine on the CD-ROM workstation or network and an article on memory management will be interesting but lack immediacy. Try to load other software concurrent with CD-ROM software or to implement network access and you may be due for a crash course in DOS memory, its limitations, and management. Running CD-ROM software usually demands considerable memory resources. Software in general has become more memory-hungry with time, and CD-ROM software have a reputation for being very hungry. Many CD-ROM products state that 640K RAM memory is required; this is not the exact memory requirement of the CD-ROM software. The CD-ROM software itself uses some of the 640K RAM as does DOS. Rarely will the exact memory requirement of a CD-ROM software be readily accessible. Sales representatives usually will not know it and only experienced technical support staff may know. CD-ROM workstation/network managers should try to learn the exact memory requirement of their CD-ROM software. Knowing their memory requirement helps greatly in selecting the level of solution(s). Addressing memory shortfalls may involve considerable tinkering and patience and involve seemingly endless rebooting. -
Datalight BIOS to TRANSFER Files by Means of the Console, in Cases Where the Console Is Implemented by Means of a Serial Port
Datalight ROM-DOS Version 7.1 User’s Guide Printed: April 2002 Datalight ROM-DOS User’s Guide Copyright © 1993 - 2002 by Datalight, Inc. All Rights Reserved Datalight, Inc. assumes no liability for the use or misuse of this software. Liability for any warranties implied or stated is limited to the original purchaser only and to the recording medium (disk) only, not the information encoded on it. THE SOFTWARE DESCRIBED HEREIN, TOGETHER WITH THIS DOCUMENT, ARE FURNISHED UNDER A SEPARATE SOFTWARE OEM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND MAY BE USED OR COPIED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THAT AGREEMENT. Datalight, the Datalight logo, FlashFX and ROM-DOS are trademarks or registered trademarks of Datalight, Inc. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Part Number: 3010-0200-0306 Contents Chapter 1, Introduction...........................................................................................................1 Conventions Used in this Manual .......................................................................................1 Terminology Used in this Manual.......................................................................................1 Random Access Memory (RAM) ................................................................................2 Read Only Memory (ROM).........................................................................................2 Disks and Disk Drives.........................................................................................................2 -
Datalight ROM-DOS™
Datalight ROM-DOS Developer’s Guide Created: April 2005 Datalight ROM-DOS Developer’s Guide Copyright © 1999-2005 by Datalight, Inc . Portions copyright © GPvNO 2005 All Rights Reserved. Datalight, Inc. assumes no liability for the use or misuse of this software. Liability for any warranties implied or stated is limited to the original purchaser only and to the recording medium (disk) only, not the information encoded on it. U.S. Government Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, reproduction, or transfer of this commercial product and accompanying documentation is restricted in accordance with FAR 12.212 and DFARS 227.7202 and by a license agreement. THE SOFTWARE DESCRIBED HEREIN, TOGETHER WITH THIS DOCUMENT, ARE FURNISHED UNDER A SEPARATE SOFTWARE OEM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND MAY BE USED OR COPIED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THAT AGREEMENT. Datalight and ROM-DOS are registered trademarks of Datalight, Inc. FlashFX ® is a trademark of Datalight, Inc. All other product names are trademarks of their respective holders. Part Number: 3010-0200-0715 Contents Chapter 1, Introduction..................................................................................................................5 About ROM-DOS ......................................................................................................................5 ROM-DOS Target System Requirements...........................................................................6 ROM-DOS Development System Requirements................................................................6 -
IPI, Programming and Configuration S/W Pkg, V5.02, GFK-1177
April 4, 1995 GFK-1177 IMPORTANT PRODUCT INFORMATION READ THIS INFORMATION FIRST Product: Programming and Configuration Software Package, Version 5.02 IC641SWP736A – 3.5-inch 2DD (Standard Serial COM Port Version) IC641SWP733A – Demonstration Package (Standard Serial COM Port Version) CE641SWP731B – Sequential Function Chart (SFC) Programmer Read this document before installing or attempting to use the IC641 programming and configuration software with your programmable controller system. For more information, refer to the Programming Software User’s Manual, the Programmable Controller Reference Manual, the Sequential Function Chart Programming Language User’s Manual, or the README.TXT file on the master diskette. Release 5.02 of the programming and configuration software provides logic programming and configuration for programmable logic control systems. Release 5.02 is compatible with Release 5.0 and earlier CPUs. If a Bus Controller (IC66*) is used with this release of IC641 software, the Bus Controller must be Release 3.0 or later. In addition, Release 5.02 corrects problems that existed in Release 5.00 or earlier software. These problems are listed in section 5, “Problems Resolved by Release 5.02.” Operational Notes 1. System Requirements: A. The IC641 programming and configuration software requires either a minimum of 590K (604,160) bytes of available MS-DOS application memory, or 545K (558,080) bytes of MS-DOS application memory plus an additional 49K of High Memory Area (HMA), Upper Memory Blocks (UMB), or Expanded Memory (EMS) for the communications driver. For more information, refer to the Programming Software User’s Manual. A minimum 1024K of Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory (LIM EMS 3.2 or higher) is required for optimum performance. -
Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide
Datalight ROM-DOS User’s Guide Created: April 2005 Datalight ROM-DOS User’s Guide Copyright © 1999-2005 by Datalight, Inc . Portions copyright © GpvNO 2005 All Rights Reserved. Datalight, Inc. assumes no liability for the use or misuse of this software. Liability for any warranties implied or stated is limited to the original purchaser only and to the recording medium (disk) only, not the information encoded on it. U.S. Government Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, reproduction, or transfer of this commercial product and accompanying documentation is restricted in accordance with FAR 12.212 and DFARS 227.7202 and by a license agreement. THE SOFTWARE DESCRIBED HEREIN, TOGETHER WITH THIS DOCUMENT, ARE FURNISHED UNDER A SEPARATE SOFTWARE OEM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND MAY BE USED OR COPIED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THAT AGREEMENT. Datalight and ROM-DOS are registered trademarks of Datalight, Inc. FlashFX ® is a trademark of Datalight, Inc. All other product names are trademarks of their respective holders. Part Number: 3010-0200-0716 Contents Chapter 1, ROM-DOS Introduction..............................................................................................1 About ROM-DOS ......................................................................................................................1 Conventions Used in this Manual .......................................................................................1 Terminology Used in this Manual ......................................................................................1 -
MORPH-II, a Software Package for the Analysis of Scanning-Electron-Micrograph Images for the Assessment of the Fractal Dimension of Exposed Stone Surfaces
MORPH-II, a software package for the analysis of scanning- electron-micrograph images for the assessment of the fractal dimension of exposed stone surfaces by Victor G. Mossotti1 and A. Raouf Eldeeb2 Open-File Report 00-013 2000 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this program has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ________________________ 1345 Middlefield Road, MS 901, Menlo Park, CA 94025 2508 Cheyenne Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 This report is available online at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of00-013/. CONTENTS Page Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Overview of software functions ---------------------------------------------------------------------1 Overview of image analysis programs --------------------------------------------------------------1 Image generation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Sample preparation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 -
Chapter 5 Windows 3.1 and Memory Management
Chapter 5 Windows 3.1 and Memory Management This chapter contains information about how Microsoft Windows 3.1 interacts with memory. You can use this information to manage memory while running Windows and to troubleshoot various problems related to memory management. For specific information about optimizing your system configuration, see Chapter 6, “Tips for Configuring Windows 3.1.” Related information ••• Windows User’s Guide: Chapter 5, “Control Panel,” and Chapter 14, “Optimizing Windows” ••• Windows Resource Kit: Chapter 7, “Setting Up Non-Windows Applications,” and Chapter 13, “Troubleshooting Windows 3.1” ••• Glossary terms: Expanded Memory Specification, Extended Memory Specification, multitasking, page frame, protected mode, virtual memory Contents of this chapter About Memory .................................................................................................228 Types of Memory: An Overview..............................................................228 The Windows 3.1 Memory Device Drivers...............................................230 Expanded Memory: A Technical Discussion ...........................................230 Windows Standard Mode and Memory............................................................235 Extended Memory and Standard Mode .....................................................236 Expanded Memory and Standard Mode ....................................................237 Windows 386 Enhanced Mode and Memory....................................................238 WINA20.386 and 386 Enhanced -
Extended Memory Specification (XMS), Ver 3.0
eXtended Memory Specification (XMS), ver 3.0 January 1991 Copyright (c) 1988, Microsoft Corporation, Lotus Development Corporation, Intel Corporation, and AST Research, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Box 97017 One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98073 LOTUS (r) INTEL (r) MICROSOFT (r) AST (r) Research This specification was jointly developed by Microsoft Corporation, Lotus Development Corporation, Intel Corporation,and AST Research, Inc. Although it has been released into the public domain and is not confidential or proprietary, the specification is still the copyright and property of Microsoft Corporation, Lotus Development Corporation, Intel Corporation, and AST Research, Inc. Disclaimer of Warranty MICROSOFT CORPORATION, LOTUS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, INTEL CORPORATION, AND AST RESEARCH, INC., EXCLUDE ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER MICROSOFT NOR LOTUS NOR INTEL NOR AST RESEARCH MAKE ANY WARRANTY OF REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS SPECIFICATION, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER MICROSOFT NOR LOTUS NOR INTEL NOR AST RESEARCH SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM THE USE OR MODIFICATION OF THIS SPECIFICATION. This specification uses the following trademarks: Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation, Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Lotus is a registered trademark of Lotus Development Corporation, and AST is a registered trademark of AST Research, Inc. Extended Memory Specification The purpose of this document is to define the Extended Memory Specification (XMS) version 3.00 for MS-DOS. XMS allows DOS programs to utilize additional memory found in Intel's 80286 and 80386 based machines in a consistent, machine independent manner.