DOCSLIB.ORG

MEMORANDUM of AGREEMENT Between the National Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MEMORANDUM of AGREEMENT Between the National Science MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS AND THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL MEDIA CENTER REGARDING RADIO AND TELEVISION SERVICES IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................III ARTICLE I BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................1 A. PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................................1 B. ROLE OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION .......................................................................1 C. CHARTER FOR SUPPORT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.................................................................1 D. ROLE OF THE NAVAL MEDIA CENTER.......................................................................................2 E. TRANSITION OF DOD EXECUTIVE AGENT FOR ANTARCTIC SUPPORT .......................................2 F. AFRTS SATELLITE BROADCAST CONVERSION TO DIGITAL SERVICE........................................3 ARTICLE II AUTHORITY..........................................................................................................4 ARTICLE III ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................5 A. NAVAL MEDIA CENTER ............................................................................................................5 1. Administration.......................................................................................................................5 2. Operation ..............................................................................................................................6 3. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................6 4. Maintenance..........................................................................................................................6 B. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS ............................................7 1. Administration.......................................................................................................................7 2. Operation ..............................................................................................................................8 3. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................8 4. Maintenance..........................................................................................................................9 ARTICLE IV FINANCIAL MATTERS....................................................................................10 ARTICLE V AMENDMENT AND EXTENSION ...................................................................10 ARTICLE VI ENACTMENT AND TERMINATION.............................................................11 ARTICLE VII APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE.....................................................................12 APPENDIX A - APPROVED OUTLET STATION SITES...................................................13 APPENDIX B - APPROVED OUTLET STATION EQUIPMENT AND PROGRAMMING .......................................................................................................................14 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Morale, welfare, and Command Information functions for the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), which include Navy Media Center (NMC) Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS), were transferred on 1 October 1997 to commercial contractor operations with management oversight and funding by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NMC will continue to support the NSF mission requirement for the USAP for radio and television via this separate memorandum of agreement. This separate agreement defines the geographic locations, scope, terms, conditions, and responsibilities of NMC and NSF for continued NSF access to AFRTS services. The NSF implements national antarctic policy by acting as the Executive Agent for the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), which is the sole means for the conduct of basic scientific research in Antarctica and the surrounding ocean regions. National policy provides NSF with the authority to utilize Department of Defense (DOD) resources for the support of antarctic operations and logistics. A Memorandum of Agreement between DOD and NSF defines the scope of support provided to the USAP. The Department of the Navy has been chartered by DOD to serve as the Executive Agent for DOD support to the USAP. This support is managed via the Commander, Naval Support Force Antarctica (CNSFA). The CNSFA has established separate agreements with the Naval Media Center (NMC) for the provision of Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) to forward deployed DOD personnel in New Zealand and McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Access to AFRTS services has been extended to non-DOD participants of the USAP. The Naval Media Center has been designated by the DOD American Forces Information Service (AFIS) as the AFRTS geographic area manager for New Zealand and Antarctica. DOD will restructure its support for the USAP during the period of 1 October 1997 through 1 April 1999. The role of Executive Agent will transfer from the Department of the Navy to the Department of the Air Force, and many operations/logistics functions provided by the Navy will become commercialized, transferred to civilian Navy commands, or transferred to the U.S. Air Force and the Air National Guard. iii BACKGROUND Purpose This Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Department of the Navy, Naval Media Center (NMC), and the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs (NSF/OPP), provides for the definition of radio and television services to be provided by the Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, American Forces Information Service's (AFIS) Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) and NMC in support of the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). This MOA responds to the transition in the role and functions of Department of Defense support to the National Science Foundation for the USAP that will occur over the period 1 October 1997 to 1 April 1999. The MOA defines the scope and means for the continuation of services provided under the existing DOD support framework prior to the transition period. Role of the National Science Foundation The NSF, via national Antarctic policy, is designated as the executive Federal manager for the USAP. The USAP is the sole national means for the conduct of basic scientific research in Antarctica and surrounding regions. The NSF/OPP implements the science programs and provides for the operations of facilities and logistics infrastructure necessary for the conduct of the USAP. As authorized by national Antarctic policy, NSF/OPP uses the assistance of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Transportation for operational logistics support. Charter for Support, Department of Defense The NSF and DOD have established a memorandum of agreement for the provision of operational logistics in support of the conduct of the USAP. This agreement designates the Secretary of the Navy as the Executive Agent for the DOD for USAP support functions. The Commander, Naval Support Force, Antarctica (CNSFA) is the designated operational commander for all DOD support forces in Antarctica. CNSFA serves as the immediate superior in command for the Naval Antarctic Support Unit (NASU), Christchurch, New Zealand. NASU provides operational logistics support to the USAP for the geographic area of New Zealand. New Zealand serves as a main logistical pathway to the primary operating theater for the USAP in Antarctica. Aviation support to the USAP is provided by the Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6). 1 Operational logistics have been defined to include morale, welfare, and recreation services for U.S. servicemen, DOD civil employees, and non-DOD participants of the USAP, per the memorandum of agreement. Role of the Naval Media Center The NMC provides all media services for the Department of Navy (DON). The Broadcasting Department of Naval Media Center (NBS) exists as a functioning sub-unit of the NMC that is responsible for radio and television services. NMC provides print, journalism, radio, and television services to both shore and afloat components of DON activities. The NMC has been designated by AFIS as the manager for the geographic area of responsibility for AFRTS that includes Antarctica and New Zealand. The CNSFA has established a memorandum of agreement with NMC for the provision of radio and television services for the support of DOD personnel deployed to Antarctica and New Zealand in support of the USAP. Access privileges to NMC services in the USAP has included all non-DOD personnel who are official participants of the USAP. Transition of DOD Executive Agent for Antarctic Support DOD and NSF have negotiated a plan to transition the Executive Agent for DOD antarctic support from the DON to the Department of the Air Force (AF). The National Guard Bureau (Air National Guard) assumes the role of operational mission commander provided by CNSFA. The defining memorandum of agreement for DOD support to the USAP has undergone modifications to reflect these changes, effective after 1 April 1998. A component of the change in DOD
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antarctic Primer
    Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections
    Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 .
    [Show full text]
  • Catching Cosmic Rain Dr
    Catching Cosmic Rain Dr. James Madsen Jongil Jung University of Wisconsin River Falls Dylan Frikken UWRF Samantha Pedek UWRF Eric Thuma Dr. Paul Evenson Stoney Creek HS University of Delaware PolarTREC Expedition 2016: Neutron Monitors for Solar Study • Where did we work? • How did we get there? • Who was involved? • What are we studying? • What did we do? • What about students? Where did we work? Antarctica! • Coldest, Windiest, Highest, Driest Continent • McMurdo Station, Ross Island • Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole How did we get there? • 27 hours in airplanes • Detroit to Dallas to Los Angeles to Aukland, NZ to Christchurch, NZ • Christchurch to McMurdo Station, Antarctica • Then some of us go from McMurdo to the South Pole • Getting cold weather gear in Christchurch • We were delayed for four days coming in from Christchurch to McMurdo. So we had some time to enjoy New Zealand. • Inside the C-130, lots of space but little comfort • First steps in Antarctica • Our transport to McMurdo Station, Ivan the Terra Bus Who was Involved? Eric Thuma • High school teacher at Stoney Creek High School in Rochester, MI • First time in Antarctica Dr. James Madsen • Professor, Chair UWRF Physics Department • Associate Director of IceCube, responsible for Education and Outreach • 5th deployment to Antarctica Dr. Paul Evenson • University of Delaware • Lead Researcher for the CosRay neutron monitors • 15th deployment to Antarctica What are we studying? CosRay • Studying the severe solar storms • These produce high energy particles • We want to know how this happens • We record neutrons produced when the high energy particles interact in the atmosphere IceCube • Studying high energy astrophysical events What did we do? We prepared to ship the neutron monitors to New Zealand for transport to Jang Bogo Station.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Sun, December 25, 2005
    December 25, 2005 Scientists seek to label whale species By Steven Profaizer Sun staff Patches of pure white splashed on an inky black body. Two-meter-tall dorsal fin slicing through the water’s surface. An attraction at SeaWorld. A pack hunter with cunning intelligence and stunning power. The killer whale, or orca, is one of the most universally known animals in the world. They are also one of the most wide- spread mammals, second only to humans, and inhabit all of the world’s oceans. Yet scientists are still working to deter- mine how many species of killer whales exist. Only one species is currently rec- ognized, but many people, including researcher Robert Pitman, believe there may be two additional species among the estimated 20,000 to 80,000 killer whales that inhabit Antarctic waters. Pitman is far from the first to believe this: Soviet 5 Union whalers in the early 1980s first Deep Freeze turns 0 observed the killer whales’ differences in diet, preferred habitat and coloring. He By Emily Stone does, however, hope to be part of the team Sun staff that finally solves the mystery. Al Hisey spent one of his first nights at McMurdo Station by accident. Pitman, of the National Oceanic and It was 1955, and he was ferrying supplies by tractor from Navy ships across the Atmospheric Administration, led a team sea ice of McMurdo Sound to the spot on Ross Island where the station was being to Antarctica last year on a two-week mis- built. During one of the first trips, there was a major break in the ice between the sion that used sophisticated technology to fledgling station and the ships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Sun, November 23, 2003
    Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program November 23, 2003 Finding a way to the Pole... Photo by Kris Kuenning /The Antarctic Sun The team charged with finding an overland way to the South Pole left McMurdo Station Tuesday. This year’s journey will take the seven men to the Leverett Glacier and back by early February. See South Pole traverse on page 11, Science traverse on page 10 Moon to stage show for Ice people By Brien Barnett, Kristan Hutchison peak of the show lasts only about two min- cent of the sun’s disk covered by the and Kris Kuenning utes. moon. About 10 minutes later, South Pole Sun Staff Cross your fingers for clear skies. residents will see almost 90 percent of the Most times the best party is one with McMurdo forecaster Greg McQuoid said a disk covered. In your haste to witness the the lights off. weather system is due in from the Ross phenomenon, remember not to look So, hats off to the moon for agreeing to Sea on Monday and viewers there should directly at the sun. (See story page 9.) throw the switch midday Monday to kick expect a mostly cloudy day with an occa- One group of astronomy fans at start the total solar eclipse party. sional break. McMurdo is hoping to receive solar filter Most everybody in Antarctica will be At McMurdo station the show begins sunglasses from the States. able to witness at least a part of the Sunday at 22:08:57 UT or just after 11:08 “Otherwise, we’ll watch it through eclipse, with those in extremely remote a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Working As a Mountaineer in Antarctica: 40 Years in the Making
    Appalachia Volume 70 Number 1 Winter/Spring 2019: Quests That Article 3 Wouldn't Let Go 2019 Working as a Mountaineer in Antarctica: 40 Years in the Making Todd Swain Donnette Swain Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/appalachia Part of the Nonfiction Commons Recommended Citation Swain, Todd and Swain, Donnette (2019) "Working as a Mountaineer in Antarctica: 40 Years in the Making," Appalachia: Vol. 70 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/appalachia/vol70/iss1/3 This In This Issue is brought to you for free and open access by Dartmouth Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Appalachia by an authorized editor of Dartmouth Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Working as a Mountaineer in Antarctica 40 years in the making Todd and Donette Swain 8 Appalachia Appalachia_WS2019_FINAL_REV.indd 8 10/26/18 10:34 AM Editor’s note: Todd and Donette Swain wrote this piece together. The narrator is Todd. irca 1977 I asked Marc Levesque for help in climbing, C which I’d just started. I was 17 and lived in New Hampshire. Marc chaired the mountaineering section of the Appalachian Mountain Club’s New Hampshire Chapter. My time with him and other members laid the foundation for decades of climbing adventures all over the world. Marc told me he had worked in Antarctica. Not only had he lived through the challenging conditions of austral summer, he had stayed through a long winter season. I had never heard of anyone visiting the far-flung continent, let alone working there.
    [Show full text]
  • US Geological Survey Scientific Activities in the Exploration Of
    Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Activities in the Exploration of Antarctica: 1995–96 Field Season By Tony K. Meunier Richard S. Williams, Jr., and Jane G. Ferrigno, Editors W 0° E 60°S Fimbul Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Lazarev Brunt Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Weddell Larsen Sea Ice Shelf Filchner Ice Shelf ANTARCTIC 80 S T ° PENINSULA R Amery Ronne A Wordie Ice N Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Shelf S A N EAST West George VI T A Ice Shelf Sound R Amundsen-Scott 90°W WEST C 90°E T South Pole Station Abbot I ANTARCTICA C Ice Shelf M ANTARCTICA O Leverett Glacier U N T A Shackleton Glacier Ross IN Shackleton S Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Skelton Glacier Getz Taylor Glacier Ice Shelf Sulzberger McMurdo McMurdo Dry Valleys Ice Shelf Station Voyeykov Ice Shelf Cook Ice Shelf 0 1000 KILOMETERS W 180° E Open-File Report 2006–1114 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE January 2004 NEWSLETTER
    Volume 9, Issue 1 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE January 2004 NEWSLETTER The sole Newsletter dedicated to Solar Eclipses INDEX 2 SECalendar January 41 Star of Bethlehem and possibly eclipse seen 8 SEC2004 in EMA68 42 Spencer Howson ABC Brisbane QF 2901 Eclipse Report 10 SEML 42 Our Eclipse from the Quantas Flight 10 Index SENL December 42 Big earthquake in Iran 11 Pasachoff Book 43 Eclipse sighting 13 Wide field shot 43 SENL to come (January 2004) 14 Umbral Green 44 Number of total eclipses 14 TSE 2003 IMAGING from the QF 2901 Flight Deck 45 Picture Table Sheridan Williams 14 Eclipse and horizon color 47 Birth of Christ Annular Eclipse 14 Reassurance about my request for high rez pix 52 TSE 2002 link pages? 16 I need some high res pix of eclipse for museum dis- 52 TSE2003 Qantas Flight Photos play 53 "winged sun" corona? 17 2003 annular eclipse video 55 TSE2003 Qantas Flight Photos 17 APOD - Congrats, Fred! 56 TSE League Table 17 Lunar Eclipse 56 Antarctic Eclipse Viewers at AAS? 18 Happy Anniversary... 57 Umbra-whatever, Scio-whatever 19 Solar Watch 57 Annular eclipse table 19 CALIBRATED CCD IMAGES FROM QF 2901 58 QF 2901 "Freebies" FLIGHT DECK... AND SOHO 58 Nabta stones 20 Qantas Eclipse Flight 59 ARTE TV 1999 Total Solar Eclipse Report 20 Picture Qantas Eclipse Flight 60 Mayan astronomy & cultural interpretation 21 Antarctic Video Compilation 63 The Longest Day of the Year 21 SOHO+QANTA (was: Gone for a few Days) 63 Delta T 21 My paper on maximum duration of TSE 64 Transit of Venus Web site 23 Canadian Discovery Channel Video
    [Show full text]
  • Greatest Day
    GREATEST DAY 2019 This is the chance to experience the real interior of Antarctica in a single day. You can either buy a seat or charter an entire Gulfstream private jet. PER SEAT PRICE : US$13,500 CHARTER PRICE : US$150,000 Cape Town is home to award-winning vineyards and stunning 33o 56’ 29” S 18o 27’ 40” E ocean vistas. It is often tipped as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Start POINT We will host a safety briefing the day before the flight where our staff will explain all kit requirements, assist with any last CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA minute preparations and update you as to the latest weather forecasts in Antarctica. Atlantic Ocean CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean WOLF’S FANG RunwaY Weddell Sea Bellingshausen Sea GEOGRAPHIC SOUTH POLE Pacific Ocean FLIGHT Flight to Wolf’s Fang, Antarctica : 5hrs Maximum Client : 12 Aircraft : Gulfstream G550 TRAVEL SOUTH AFRICA TO ANtarctICA Your Antarctic adventure begins as you fly out from Cape Town across the mighty Southern Ocean. The five hour journey transports guests from the African night, over thousands of icebergs and passes into 24hrs of continuous sunshine. Destination: Wolf’s Fang runway. EEXPXPERERIIEENNCECE AA PPlacelace ASAS BIBIGG ASAS YYOUOURR IMIMagagININatatIONION 70o 46’ 37” S 11o 49’ 26” E WOLf’S FANG RUNWay Wolf’s Fang runway sits beneath one of the most magnificent and iconic mountains on the entire continent. Once on the ground you are surrounded by kilometer high monoliths of rock that rise vertically from the ice, creating a landscape that is simply breathtaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy in Antarctica
    The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review (2011) DOI 10.1007/s00159-010-0032-2 REVIEWARTICLE Michael G. Burton Astronomy in Antarctica Received: 3 May 2010 c Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Antarctica provides a unique environment for astronomers to practice their trade. The cold, dry and stable air found above the high Antarctic plateau, as well as the pure ice below, offers new opportunities for the conduct of obser- vational astronomy across both the photon and the particle spectrum. The sum- mits of the Antarctic plateau provide the best seeing conditions, the darkest skies and the most transparent atmosphere of any earth-based observing site. Astro- nomical activities are now underway at four plateau sites: the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Concordia Station at Dome C, Kunlun Station at Dome A and Fuji Station at Dome F, in addition to long duration ballooning from the coastal station of McMurdo, at stations run by the USA, France/Italy, China, Japan and the USA, respectively. The astronomy conducted from Antarctica includes op- tical, infrared, terahertz and sub-millimetre astronomy, measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropies, solar astronomy, as well as high energy as- trophysics involving the measurement of cosmic rays, gamma rays and neutrinos. Antarctica is also the richest source of meteorites on our planet. An extensive range of site testing measurements have been made over the high plateau sites. In this article, we summarise the facets of Antarctica that are driving developments in astronomy there, and review the results of the site testing experiments undertaken to quantify those characteristics of the Antarctic plateau relevant for astronomical observation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Sun, January 18, 2004
    Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program January 18, 2004 Taking the temperature of sea ice By Kristan Hutchison Sun staff Arctic researchers came to the opposite end of the world to check the sea ice temperature and compare it to the frozen north. Temperature and other vital signs may explain why Arctic and Antarctic sea ice melt differently. On a large scale, the Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 300,000 square km every decade since 1972, while the Antarctic has lost half as much ice and in recent years has expanded. At McMurdo Station, sea ice is the stuff Photo by Scott Metcalfe / Special to The Antarctic Sun people ski on, drive on, land planes on, and One of the South Pole traverse vehicles struggles through deep snow, which slowed then try to break a channel through for resupply the traverse. vessels. Around Barrow, Alaska they also snowmachine across the ice in the winter, then launch boats to hunt whales in the spring. Snow slows traverse Globally, the frozen polar seas have an important, if less obvious, role. By Kristan Hutchison at a walking pace. “The ocean is the biggest reservoir of heat Sun staff “Though we are disappointed that on the planet and if you can get the heat out that On a wide, white prairie, a caravan we are not making the southward can do a lot to warm a place,” said glaciologist of tractors and trailers halted and five advance at a better pace,” Wright wrote Hajo Eicken, one of two Alaskan sea ice men stepped out, holding wrenches and in a report Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica High Arctic
    antarctica and high arctic including the Falkland Islands & South Georgia antarctic & arctic specialists Antarctica & Arctic Travel Centres are the specialist Polar arm of Tailor-Made Journeys (formerly South America Travel Centre – since 1995). We are a wholly owned Australian company. We are an associate member of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO) and an affiliate member of the Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO) as well as a member of AFTA (Australian Federation of Travel Agents). Unlike a cruise/ship operator, we’re not tied to selling particular ships; we have hand-picked a number of smaller vessels (with less than 200 passengers) and Antarctic and Arctic operators who we know well and can trust to provide you with a holiday of a lifetime. As a result we can select a vessel and an itinerary that best suits your personal requirements. 2 antarctica travel centre CONTENTS 4 Experts 5 Antarctic Seasons 6-7 Antarctic Peninsula - Sites 8-9 Antarctic Peninsula 10-11 The Falkland Islands - Sites & Wildlife 12-13 South Georgia - Sites & Wildlife 14-15 A day in Antarctica 16-17 Fly-Cruise Voyages (5-15 nights) 18-19 Antarctic Peninsula Voyages (9-12 nights) 20-21 Antarctic Circle Voyages (12-14 nights) 22-23 Antarctica, Falklands & South Georgia voyages (18-24 nights) 24-25 South Georgia In Depth (15 nights) 26-27 Arctic Seasons 28-29 Arctic Fauna & Flora 30-31 Svalbard (Spitsbergen) 32-33 Canadian High Arctic 34-35 Greenland & Iceland 36-37 North Pole 38 Which Ship 39 Fly-Cruise (Antarctica)
    [Show full text]