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The Antarctic Sun, November 23, 2003

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The Antarctic Sun, November 23, 2003 Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program November 23, 2003 Finding a way to the Pole... Photo by Kris Kuenning /The Antarctic Sun The team charged with finding an overland way to the South Pole left McMurdo Station Tuesday. This year’s journey will take the seven men to the Leverett Glacier and back by early February. See South Pole traverse on page 11, Science traverse on page 10 Moon to stage show for Ice people By Brien Barnett, Kristan Hutchison peak of the show lasts only about two min- cent of the sun’s disk covered by the and Kris Kuenning utes. moon. About 10 minutes later, South Pole Sun Staff Cross your fingers for clear skies. residents will see almost 90 percent of the Most times the best party is one with McMurdo forecaster Greg McQuoid said a disk covered. In your haste to witness the the lights off. weather system is due in from the Ross phenomenon, remember not to look So, hats off to the moon for agreeing to Sea on Monday and viewers there should directly at the sun. (See story page 9.) throw the switch midday Monday to kick expect a mostly cloudy day with an occa- One group of astronomy fans at start the total solar eclipse party. sional break. McMurdo is hoping to receive solar filter Most everybody in Antarctica will be At McMurdo station the show begins sunglasses from the States. able to witness at least a part of the Sunday at 22:08:57 UT or just after 11:08 “Otherwise, we’ll watch it through eclipse, with those in extremely remote a.m. Monday local time when the moon welder’s masks,” said Jennifer Wilson, areas seeing totality, or the actual shadow first starts to cross the sun’s edge. At 12:06 who has led a McMurdo astronomy club of the moon as it passes between the sun p.m., the time of maximum eclipse at in past years. Wilson started tracking solar and Earth. But don’t be late because the McMurdo, viewers will see about 75 per- See Eclipse on page 8 INSIDE Quote of the Week South Pole Making movies “You can’t be everywhere at telescopes update from the Pole once. Darn this physical life.” Page 12 - Photographer on the difficulties Page 7 of bilocating for the eclipse www.polar.org/antsun 2 • The Antarctic Sun November 23, 2003 Ross Island Chronicles By Chico It’s amazing how a tiny organism can beat Look ... overwhelming odds to survive such a hostile there’s a environment. nematode Cold, hard facts Let there be totality l A solar eclipse can occur only at new moon, when the moon passes between earth and sun. To think this little guy can survive such WAIT!!! l Total solar eclipses happen He’s moving. an extreme environment. It’s a wonder about once every 1.5 years. Give him he’s the toughest creature on the continent. l The longest duration for a total some room. solar eclipse is 7.5 minutes. l Only partial solar eclipses can be observed from the North and South Poles. (Monday’s eclipse holds true to that. The path of totality is not at the actual Pole.) l Nearly identical eclipses (par- tial, annular or total) occur after 18 I think this proves they’re not so tough years and 11 days, or every 6,585.32 days (Saros Cycle). after all, wouldn’t you agree? l The maximum number of solar eclipses (partial, annular or total) is five per year. l Eclipse shadows travel at 1,770 kph at the equator and up to 8,046 kph near the poles. Sources: Space.com and MrEclipse.com The Antarctic Sun is funded by the National ICEBERG UPDATE: On the move Science Foundation as part of the United States Antarctic Program (OPP-000373). Its pri- mary audience is U.S. Antarctic Program participants, their fami- lies, and their friends. NSF reviews and approves material before publication, but opinions and conclusions expressed in the Sun are not necessarily those of the Foundation. Use: Reproduction and distribution are encouraged with acknowledgment of source and author. Senior Editor: Kristan Hutchison Editors: Brien Barnett Kris Kuenning Copy Editor: JD Menezes, Wendy Kober, Melanie Conner Publisher: Valerie Carroll, Communications manager, RPSC October 2003 November 2003 Contributions are welcome. Contact the Sun at [email protected]. In McMurdo, visit In these images taken by satellites, giant icebergs B15A and B15J appear to be on the our office in Building 155 or dial 2407. move, with the larger one swinging west at the bottom and B15J rotating west and sliding east. The two were connected as one iceberg until they split apart in October. Web address: www.polar.org/antsun November 23, 2003 The Antarctic Sun • 3 Bare hooks lure tiny fish for research Scientists want to learn more about the species’ curious saltwater drinking habits By Kris Kuenning Sun Staff o one understands the phrase “drinking like a fish” better than David Petzel. The researcher from NCreighton University School of Medicine in Omaha, Neb. is studying how fish drinking rates relate to water temperature. “We’re trying to figure out how the temperature affects the amount of salt in the blood,” Petzel said. Further down the track, Petzel’s research may have applica- tions for hypertension problems in people. After doing PhD work with long-time fish researcher Art DeVries and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1982, Petzel knows a thing or two about Antarctic fish. Now he’s back at McMurdo station with his second grant to Photos by Kris Kuenning / The Antarctic Sun study the unique cold-water adaptation of Above, fish researcher David Petzel, left, Trematomus bernacchii. and his daughter Ann use a power auger to drill a fishing hole near Cape Evans. Petzel But first he has to catch them. is studying the tiny McMurdo Sound fish “We’re always looking for good fishing called bernacchii to learn more about how spots,” Petzel said. And good fishermen. they adapt to cold water. Petzel recruits dining assistants, con- struction workers and any other willing At left, Petzel pulls one of the small bernac- bodies to set and pull traps or try their luck chii out of the hole. He uses only a hook, at ice fishing. line and sinker attached to a wooden block to catch and reel in the fish. On a good day, Bernacchii fishing is a simple sport. First the research team will land about 30 fish you drill a hole near an old crack in the sea and rush them to the lab for further study. ice. A 2-meter long drill will break through the ice with a rush of seawater over the ankles in just a few minutes. Then hook, line and sinker are attached to a simple The fish use an enzyme in their gills to team has isolated the enzyme and viewed it wooden block and lowered to the seafloor. pump some of the salt out of their blood- under a microscope. The team found the The bottom-dwelling bernacchii are not par- stream. The lower the blood salt content, properties of the enzyme changed after ticularly wily, but it does take a quick pull of the more the fish has to drink to replenish four weeks in the warm bath. the line to snag the brown, palm-sized fish. water lost to the sea. Understanding more about how these A good day’s fishing will haul around Most fish have a blood salinity of cells work could be useful for under- 30 fish. The trick is to get them to the around 300 milliosmoles but the bernac- standing hypertension in humans, Petzel cooler bucket before the –10 C air temper- chii is almost 600. By pulling the fish out said. ature freezes them. of their –1.9 C waters and placing them “It’s a far-off application, but it could On a recent Sunday fishing trip, into the comparably tropical temperature be helpful for people with a high salt con- Petzel’s daughter Anne drove the sloshing of 4 C, Petzel’s team has observed an tent in their blood. We’re interested in the cooler of fish back to the station in a increase in drinking rates and an almost 20 fish’s adaptation to this unique environ- tracked vehicle. The outdoorsy 17-year- percent drop in the blood salinity. ment,” Petzel said. old works in the Crary lab when not out His research is working to understand Petzel’s three-year grant from the fishing. why the fish changes its salinity in differ- National Science Foundation includes two The sloshing helps keep the water oxi- ent temperatures. years of study in Antarctica. After analyz- dized long enough to get the fish safely “The question is ‘is it to resist freezing ing the data and making adjustments to the back to the laboratory aquarium. Petzel or conserve energy?’” Petzel said. focus of his research, Petzel will return to and his team, which includes pharmacolo- Higher salt content in the blood makes the Ice in 2005. gist Margaret Scofield, and cell biologist the fish more resistant to freezing but the “In year three of the grant we look for- Phil Brauer from Creighton University, adaptation might also be a trick for con- ward to determining the effects of temper- are observing how the fish can adapt the serving energy in the cold waters. By ature on hormone levels in the fish and salt content of their blood in different tem- looking at the oxygen consumption, Petzel their effects on blood salt levels, drinking peratures.
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