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THESE Marine Robuchon Etude Spatio-Temporelle De La Biodiversité

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THESE Marine Robuchon Etude Spatio-Temporelle De La Biodiversité MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2014 N°attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Ecologie et Evolution Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Marine Robuchon Le 10 mars 2014 Etude spatio-temporelle de la biodiversité des forêts de laminaires des côtes bretonnes par une approche intégrée de génétique des populations et d’écologie des communautés TOME 2 : ARTICLES & ANNEXES Sous la direction de : M me Line Le Gall et M me Myriam Valero JURY : Mme Sophie Arnaud-Haond Chargée de Recherche, IFREMER, Sète Rapportrice Mme Inka Bartsch Senior Research Scientist, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany Rapportrice M. Eric Feunteun Professeur, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dinard Examinateur M. Nicolas Mouquet Directeur de Recherche, CNRS, Montpellier Examinateur Mme Line Le Gall Maître de Conférences, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris Directrice de Thèse Mme Myriam Valero Directrice de Recherche, CNRS, Roscoff Directrice de Thèse LISTE DES ARTICLES Article 1: Observed and predicted distributional shifts of subtidal red seaweeds along a biogeographical transition zone in the context of global change Régis K. Gallon ǂ, Marine Robuchon ǂ, Boris Leroy, Line Le Gall, Myriam Valero et Eric Feunteun ǂ contributions égales Article en révision pour la revue Journal of Biogeography Contributions: EF, LLG, MR, MV et RG ont conçu le projet, EF, LLG, MR et RG ont participé à l’échantillonnage, BL, MR et RG ont réalisé les analyses, MR et RG ont écrit le premier brouillon ; tous les auteurs ont contribué à améliorer le manuscrit. Article 2 : A survey of the algal community understory in the kelp forest of Laminaria hyperborea revealed the presence of a new species of Kallymenia (Kallymeniaceae, Rhodophyta): Kallymenia crouanii sp. nov. Marine Robuchon, Line Le Gall, Delphine Gey, Myriam Valero et Alba Vergés Article en préparation pour la revue European Journal of Phycology Contributions : AV, LLG et MR ont récolté les spécimens et découvert l’espèce. DG et MR ont acquis les séquences. MR et LLG ont réalisé les analyses phylogénétiques. AV a réalisé les descriptions morpho-anatomiques. AV et LLG ont écrit le premier brouillon ; tous les auteurs ont contribué à améliorer le manuscrit. Article 3: Examining the bank of microscopic stages in kelps using culturing and barcoding Marine Robuchon, Lucía Couceiro, Akira F. Peters, Christophe Destombe et Myriam Valero Article sous presse dans la revue European Journal of Phycology Contributions : LC et MR ont conçu le projet, tous les auteurs ont participé à l’échantillonnage, AFP, LC et MR ont suivi les cultures, LC a réalisé les analyses moléculaires, MR a réalisé les analyses statistiques et écrit le premier brouillon ; tous les auteurs ont participé à l’amélioration du manuscrit. Article 4: Sisters but not twins: contrasting genetic diversity patterns in two closely- related kelp species co-distributed along the Brittany coastline Marine Robuchon, Line Le Gall, Stéphane Mauger et Myriam Valero Article soumis à la revue Molecular Ecology Contributions: LLG, MR et MV ont conçu le projet et participé à l’échantillonnage. MR a génotypé les échantillons de Laminaria digitata et SM ceux de Laminaria hyperborea . MR, MV et SM ont réalisé et synthétisé les analyses. MR a écrit le manuscrit avec les contributions de tous les auteurs. Article 5: Alteration of sexual reproduction and genetic diversity in the kelp species Laminaria digitata at the southern limit of its range Valeria L. Oppliger, Peter Von Dassow, Sarah Bouchemousse, Marine Robuchon, Myriam Valero, Juan A. Correa, Stéphane Mauger et Christophe Destombe Article soumis à la revue PLoS ONE Contributions: LVO, MV, JCA et CD ont conçu le projet ; LVO, SB, MB, MV, SM, CD ont participé à échantillonnage et récolte des données de température ; LVO, MB, SM ont participé aux analyses moléculaires ;LVO, PvD, SB ont particpé aux analyses de cytométrie de flux ;LVO, CD ont particpé à l'obtention de croisment et culture des gamétophytes ; LVO, PvD, MR, MV, CD ont participé à l'analyse des données ; LVO, PvD et CD ont écrit le manuscript avec contribution de tous les auteurs. Article 6: Management and conservation of the kelp species Laminaria digitata : using genetic tools to explore the potential exporting role of the MPA “Parc naturel marin d’Iroise” Lucía Couceiro, Marine Robuchon, Christophe Destombe et Myriam Valero Article paru dans la revue Aquatic Living Resources (2013, volume 26, issue 2, p. 197-205) Contributions: MV a conçu le projet, CD et MV ont participé à l’échantillonnage, LC et MR ont réalisé les analyses et écrit le premier brouillon ; tous les auteurs ont participé à l’amélioration du manuscrit. LISTE DES ANNEXES Annexe 1. Etude du rôle ingénieur de Laminaria digitata sur les communautés de macroalgues vivant sous sa canopée Annexe 2. Structure spatiale des communautés de macroalgues des forêts de laminaires des côtes bretonnes Annexe 3. Structure spatiale des patrons de SGDC (“species-genetic diversity correlation”) : l’exemple des forêts de laminaires des côtes bretonnes Annexe 4. Compilation des données sur les espèces de macroalgues récoltées durant la thèse Article 1 Gallon RK, Robuchon M , Leroy B, Le Gall L, Valero M, Feunteun E (in revision for Journal of Biogeography ) Observed and predicted distributional shifts of subtidal red seaweeds along a biogeographical transition zone in the context of global change. Article 1: R.K. Gallon & M. Robuchon et al ., in revision for Journal of Biogeography Observed and predicted distributional shifts of subtidal red seaweeds along a biogeographical transition zone in the context of global change Régis K. Gallon 1 ǂ * , Marine Robuchon 2, 3 ǂ, Boris Leroy 4, Line Le Gall 2, Myriam Valero 3 and Eric Feunteun 1 1UMR 7208 Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (MNHN-CNRS-UPMC- IRD), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France 2UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation et Evolution (MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-IRD), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, case postale N° 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France 3UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (CNRS-UPMC), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France 4URU 420, Université de Rennes I-Service du Patrimoine Naturel, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France ǂEqual contribution *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] ; Tel: +33 2 23 18 58 85 Running head Global change responses of red seaweeds in Brittany 1 Article 1: R.K. Gallon & M. Robuchon et al ., in revision for Journal of Biogeography ABSTRACT Aim To assess the environmental changes within a marine biogeographical transition zone and how these changes have affected seaweed assemblages and distributions over the past two decades. Location Brittany (Western France) is a biogeographical transition zone between the cold- temperate and warm-temperate regions. Methods We assessed spatio-temporal variations of three environmental parameters (sea surface temperature [SST] , suspended inorganic matter [SPIM], and chlorophyll-a) over the past 20 years in five adjoining regions by using generalised linear models (GLMs). Then, we used two complementary approaches to investigate changes in the assemblages and distributional patterns of red seaweeds based on sampling surveys conducted during two separate periods (1992–1998 and 2010–2012) over the past 20 years, namely, multivariate data analysis and species distribution models (SDMs) with a set of modelling procedures. Results The coastal water temperature in Brittany has increased by 0.7 °C on average over the past two decades. At a finer scale, changes in SST showed that Brittany constitutes a mosaic of contrasting conditions, with the West and North-Western Brittany regions being colder and affected lesser by climate change compared to the other three regions. Increasing SST primarily caused a significant change in subtidal red seaweed assemblages over the 20-year period, whereas SST amplitude acted as the main driver of species distribution. Between the two periods, SDMs predicted significant species shifts for seven out of 10 representative species and reductions in the distribution ranges of most species. Main conclusions Our study confirmed important differences across the different regions of the studied biogeographical transition zone. Changes in abiotic parameters and red seaweed assemblages are expected to occur at varying extremes across these regions, with the west and north-western Brittany representing the most stable zones that might constitute a potential refuge for certain species when responding to global changes. Keywords Assemblages/Biogeographical transition zone/Brittany/Global change/North Atlantic/Sea surface temperature/Species distribution modelling/Subtidal red seaweeds 2 Article 1: R.K. Gallon & M. Robuchon et al ., in revision for Journal of Biogeography INTRODUCTION The fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that global sea surface temperature (SST) has increased by an average of 0.13 °C per decade over the last 50 years (Pachauri, 2007). These rapid shifts in temperature are expected to alter the survival of organisms, by affecting their physiology and phenology (for reviews, see Hughes et al
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