A Synoptic Review of the Classification of Red Algal Genera a Half Century After Kylin's ''Die Gattungen Der Rhodophyceen
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Article in press - uncorrected proof Botanica Marina 50 (2007): 197–249 ᮊ 2007 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York. DOI 10.1515/BOT.2007.025 Review A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’’ Craig W. Schneider1,* and Michael J. Wynne2 ize in classifying genera into higher taxa. Indeed today, many genera are placed in families and orders that Kylin 1 Department of Biology, Trinity College, Hartford, would have been unable to imagine using only vegetative CT 16106, USA, e-mail: [email protected] and reproductive anatomy 50 years ago. The classifica- 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and tion of red algae that we present in this list contains 834 Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, currently accepted generic names, along with all of the MI 48109, USA synonyms that have been attributed to them. * Corresponding author Abstract Format of the list Classification of the red algae (Rhodoplantae) has under- All genera established after Kylin (1956) have the author- gone significant change since the seminal work of Harald ities who described them as well as the year and page Kylin, ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen,’’ a half century of the protolog printed in bold along with the proper ago. The number of genera has nearly doubled over this names. This includes names of genera that were time period, at least in part due to recent molecular com- described after ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’’ but parative work. Information gleaned from gene-sequenc- were subsequently reduced to synonyms of earlier estab- ing analyses has resulted in a red algal classification that lished genera. The References section contains the lit- reflects a more accurate phylogenetic framework than erature cited for all genera since 1956 as well as those that based solely on morphological data. This paper tab- prior to then, but not covered by Kylin (1956). If a genus ulates the known 834 genera of red algae today with tax- were treated in Kylin (1956), bibliographic references are onomic synonyms and literature references reflecting the not given here. If however, an early paper is cited in a great change over fifty years. note or footnote, full attribution is given in the Refer- ences. Various sources were consulted, not just the pri- Keywords: classification; genera; Kylin; red algae; mary sources but also such online resources as Index Rhodoplantae. nominum genericorum (Farr 2007), Index nominum alga- rum (Silva 2007) and AlgaeBase (Guiry and Guiry 2007). Introduction Notes concerning genera are placed directly under them in the list, whereas those for orders and families are In 1956, following an earlier tradition of lists compiling footnotes. The supraordinal taxonomic hierarchy that we the known algae at the time, e.g., C. Agardh (1820, employ basically follows Saunders and Hommersand 1822–1823, 1824, 1828), J. Agardh (1848–1901), Ku¨ tzing (2004), the red algae forming a subkingdom of the king- (1849), and De Toni (1889–1924), Harald Kylin’s posthu- dom Plantae based upon a phylogenetic consensus of mous ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’’ provided a molecular lineages gleaned from a number of prior stud- synopsis of all the known red algal genera at mid-cen- ies and their own analyses. Some supraordinal taxa pro- tury, 558 in total, partitioned into families and orders. posed by Yoon et al. (2006) have been incorporated. Kylin provided each genus with a concise yet diagnostic Where we deviate from the classification of Saunders and description, and included information about the type Hommersand (2004), a footnote is provided as explana- species and distribution of the other entities of the genus tion. Standardized author initials reflect Brummitt and known at the time. Many taxa were illustrated with line- Powell (1992). Names of fossil red algal taxa are not drawings, and dichotomous keys were used to distin- included. guish the many genera, families and orders. Since its publication, Kylin’s volume has been the seminal work for subsequent red algal systematists (Guiry and Nyberg 1996), as well as a ‘‘point of departure for any revisionist Index to orders, families and subfamilies attempts to alter the classification of red algae at and above the genus level’’ (Kraft 1981). Cyanidiales..................................................................199 In the half century since ‘‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophy- Cyanidiaceae............................................................199 ceen’’ appeared, our knowledge of red algal systematics Galdieriaceae........................................................... 199 has grown dramatically. With the advent of molecular Rhodellales.................................................................199 sequencing and the consensus phylogenetic trees that Glaucosphaeraceae.................................................199 have been generated for so many groups in the past Stylonematales.......................................................... 199 20 years, workers have discovered reliable genes to util- Stylonemataceae..................................................... 199 2007/34 Article in press - uncorrected proof 198 C.W. Schneider and M.J. Wynne: Synopsis of red algal genera Porphyridiales............................................................ 199 Gelidiales....................................................................219 Phragmonemataceae...............................................199 Gelidiaceae.............................................................. 219 Porphyridiaceae.......................................................199 Gelidiellaceae...........................................................219 Compsopogonales.................................................... 200 Pterocladiaceae....................................................... 219 Boldiaceae............................................................... 200 Acrosymphytales....................................................... 219 Compsopogonaceae............................................... 200 Acrosymphytaceae.................................................. 219 Erythropeltidales........................................................200 Gigartinales................................................................ 219 Erythrotrichiaceae.................................................... 200 Acrotylaceae............................................................ 219 Rhodochaetales..........................................................200 Areschougiaceae..................................................... 220 Rhodochaetaceae....................................................200 Blinksiaceae.............................................................220 Bangiales....................................................................200 Calosiphoniaceae.................................................... 220 Bangiaceae.............................................................. 200 Catenellopsidaceae................................................. 220 Hildenbrandiales........................................................201 Caulacanthaceae..................................................... 220 Hildenbrandiaceae...................................................201 Corynocystaceae..................................................... 220 Acrochaetiales........................................................... 201 Crossocarpaceae.....................................................220 Acrochaetiaceae...................................................... 201 Cruoriaceae..............................................................221 Colaconematales.......................................................201 Cubiculosporaceae..................................................221 Colaconemataceae..................................................201 Cystocloniaceae...................................................... 221 Balbianiales................................................................201 Dicranemataceae.....................................................221 Balbianiaceae.......................................................... 201 Dumontiaceae..........................................................221 Balliales...................................................................... 201 Endocladiaceae....................................................... 222 Balliaceae.................................................................201 Furcellariaceae.........................................................222 Batrachospermales................................................... 201 Gainiaceae............................................................... 222 Batrachospermaceae.............................................. 201 Gigartinaceae...........................................................222 Lemaneaceae.......................................................... 202 Gloiosiphoniaceae................................................... 222 Psilosiphonaceae.....................................................202 Haemeschariaceae.................................................. 223 Corallinales................................................................ 202 Kallymeniaceae........................................................223 Corallinaceae........................................................... 202 Mychodeaceae........................................................ 223 Mastophoroideae................................................. 202 Mychodeophyllaceae...............................................223