ECONOMIC SEAWEEDS with Reference to Some Pacificspecies Volume IV

CU I MR-M- 91 003 C2 TAXONOMY OF ECONOMIC SEAWEEDS With reference to some Pacificspecies Volume IV Isabella A. Abbott, Editor A Publication of the California Sea Grant College CALI FOHN IA, SEA GRANT Rosemary Amidei Communications Coordi nator SeaGrant is a uniquepartnership of public andprivate sectors, combining research, education, and technologytransfer for public service.It is a nationalnetwork of universitiesmeeting changingenvironmental and economic needs of peoplein our coastal,ocean, and Great Lakes regions. Publishedby the California SeaGrant College, University of California, La Jolla, California, 1994.Publication No. T-CSGCP-031.Additional copiesare availablefor $10 U.S.! each, prepaid checkor moneyorder payable to "UC Regents"! from: California SeaGrant College, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0232.19! 534-4444. This work is fundedin part by a grantfrom the National SeaGrant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Departmentof Commerce,under grant number NA89AA-D-SG138, project number A/P-I, and in part by the California State ResourcesAgency. The views expressedherein are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, or any of its subagencies.The U.S. Governmentis authorizedto produceand distributereprints for governmentalpurposes. Published on recycled paper. Publication: February 1994 TAXONOMY OF ECONOMIC SEAWEEDS With reference to some Pacificspecies Volume IV isabella A. Abbott, Editor Results of an international workshop sponsored by the California Sea Grant College in cooperation with the Pacific Sea Grant College Programs of Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington and hosted by Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, July 1991. A Publication of the California Sea Grant College Report No. T-CSGCP-031 Table of Contents Preface James J. Sullivan. VII Introduction Isabella A. Abbott IX Acknowledgments XIII Participants, xv Notes . Section i. Sargassum Species Introduction Isabella A. Abbott New Species of Sargassum from the Philippines Gavino C. Trono, Jr... ......,...,.................................................. 3 Several Sargassum Species Subgenus Sargassum! in East Asia with Furcately Branching Leaves Tetsuro Ajisaka, Tadahide Noro, Gavino C. Trono, Jr., Young-Meng Chiang and Tadao Yoshida .................... ......,...,. 9 Species of Sargassum Subgenus Sargassum Fucales! with Compressed Primary Branches Tadahide Noro, Tetsuro Ajisaka and Tadao Yoshida......................... 23 A Tentative Identification of Some Specimens of Sargassum from the Tropical South Pacific Tadahide Noro and Isabella A. Abbott. 33 Sectionii. JapaneseSpecies of Gelidium Introduction Bernabd Santelices . 35 A Reassessment of the Taxonomic Status of Gelidium amansii Lamouroux! Larnouroux Bernabd Santelices ... 37 Observations on Gelidium pacificum Okamura Bernabd Santelices and Masahiko Miyata 55 Some Species of Gelidium Gelidiales, Rhodophyta! from Korea Hae-Bok Lee. 67 Section ill. Gracilaria Introduction Isabella A. Abbott 81 Gracilaria dawsonii sp. nov. Rhodophyta, Gigartinales!: A Second Flattened Species from the Hawaiian Islands Mitchell D. Hoyle. 85 Two New Species of Gracilaria from the Phihppines Hirotoshi Yamamoto and Gavino C. Trono, Jr 95 Three Foliose Species of Gracilaria from China Zhang Junfu C.F. Chang! and Xia Bangmei 103 New Records and a Reassessment of Gracilaria Rhodophyta! from the Philippines isabella A Abbott Occurrence of a Different Gracilaria in Japan Anong Chirapart, Masao Ohno and Hirotoshi Yamamoto .,. 119 Some Species of Gracilaria from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore Siew-Moi Phang . 125 The Species of Gracilaria from Thailand Khanjanapaj Lewmanomont . 135 Section 1V. Ahnfe]fiopsis Rhodophyta, Phyllophoraceae! introduction Michio Masuda and Richard E. Norris . 149 Ahnfeltiopsis from the Western Pacific: Key, Description, and Distribution of the Species Michio Masuda, Zhang Junfu, and Xia Bangmei Hawaiian Phyllophoraceae Richard E. Norris 185 James J. Sullivan Director, California Sea Grant College California Sea Grant first sponsored an international conference on the taxonomy of economically important seaweeds of the Pacific in 1984. The meeting was hosted by the University of Guam and arose out of an observation made to me by Roy Tsuda of that university. His point was that there would not be appreciable progress in seaweed aquaculture or marine natural products chemistry in the Pacific until the taxonomy of commercially interesting species was better understood. California Sea Grant funded the first meeting in cooperation with the other Pacific Sea Grant programs with the aim of meeting a particular need and with no notion of initiating a continuing series of meetings. In retrospect, this was naive given the enormous ignorance that prevails about warm-water Pacific algae. We subsequently received so much positive feedback from the worldwide scientific community concerning the great need for this work that the Guam meeting evolved into a recurring series of meetings, held in 1986, 1989, 1991, and, most recently, in Honolulu, Hawaii in July 1993. As Dr. Abbott indicates in this volume, the progress made at these workshops has been substantial, and we are pleased to have played a role in bringing together an international cornrnunity of presti- gious systematists to address this important problem, Introduction Isabella A. Abbott, Workshop Convener and Editor Looking back over the past four workshops, I find that each offered something new. The first workshop on some of the economically important algae of the Pacific and to a lesser extent, the Western Atlantic! was sponsored by the California Sea Grant College in cooperation with the other Pacific Sea Grant College Programs and hosted by the University of Guam in 1984. This, of course, was our prototype meeting, and we were all gratified to find out how enthusiastically 14 participants representing five nations would share their systematics problems and knowledge with others equally interested. These first participants demonstrated that a workshop divided into four or five groups of specialists had many pluses in its favor over a symposium or seminar format. But at the time we dared not dream that this single workshop would evolve into a series, held on average every second year at some new location in the Pacific Rim. But continue it did, and in the second workshop, held at the Institute of Ocean- ology in Qingdao, China, in 1986, a Laurencia group of specialists was added to existing groups on Sargassum, Gracilaria and Polycavernosa, Gelidium and Pterociadia, and Eucheuma. At this workshop, Laurencia species from Hawaii, of which there are many, were studied along with those of China, which had previ- ously been surveyed. By contrast, Japanese species are well studied!. Dr. Karla McDermid used photographs to illustrate on Hawaiian species the features applied by Yuzuru Saito to Japanese and Australian species. The photographs that McDermid used to illustrate projecting cell walls along the radius of the cell, lenticular thickening, and secondary pit connections in the outer cortical cells did indeed look more "real" than did the excellent drawings of Saito. After ali, photography presents a kind of reality that is more in keeping with modern ways of communicating scientific information. But photography does not substitute for the knowledge gained from the painstaking microscopic examinations necessary before illustrations of species can be made. In addition, we still need to know, for example, whether lenticular thickenings, present in any given species, occur throughout the length of a branch or anywhere in the plant preliminary observations lead me to doubt that lenticular thickenings are present in some species that are characterized as having them!. Coupled with this Laurencia study was a paper by Zablackis and McDerrnid, evaluating the characteristics of an agar found in a species from Hawaii, and since named Laurencia crustiformans McDermid. No other researcher has elected to study Laurencia from an economic perspective. The third workshop, held at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, included two notable papers on using statistical methods to handle variations shown by populations of Sargassum. Much of the research reported in those papers was done while Dr. John Kilar held a postdoctoral position in Florida. Although he has subsequently gone into other research, some of his perspectives are being adopted by other Sargassum students, and could well be applied to other taxa that show great variation for example, Gelidiurn and Gracilaria!. However, those who consider biometric methods useful in critically evaluating taxa may not be near large populations of these red algae, It is clear to me that a shift of some kind must be made beyond morphology in the "big," variable and therefore troublesome species complexes. Now that the ground has been cleared for some areas of the world, the next approaches will probably encompass population analysis and perhaps molecular techniques, as well as other helpful tools to supplement morphological studies, The fourth workshop, the results of which appear in this volume, introduced several new participants. Dr. Tadahide Noro from Kagoshirna University, who had been in Australia looking at Sargassum species both living and herbarium ex- amples! has made observations in this volume that are different from those made before. With him, I have submitted a paper on some few specimens

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