March 7, l989 Vol. X LI No. 5 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health Recori Treatment Often E ffective Genetics Elective Attracts Urinary Incontinence Widespread Among Older Adults Students to NIH Program By Karen McCrory Pocinki By Carla Garnett

More than half of the older people in chis sions outside the home, social inceracc ions Students have traveled from as far away as country who suffer from urinary incontinence with friends and family, and sexual acriviry Michigan and Louisiana co spend 8 weeks (loss of bladder control) have never consulted a may be restricced or avoided enci rely. studying and conducring clinical research in docror about the problem , according to a Although researchers know more today about NIH labs. Robert Wood Johnson Medical panel of experts convened by NIH co scudy the development and consequences of inconti­ School in Piscataway, N.J., anJ Wayne Scare urinary incontinence in adults. Instead, many nence, the number of individuals who are nor University in Derroir are just two of che medi­ of t hese individuals use adult diapers and treated successfully remains surprisingly high. cal schools represented in chis year's absorbenr pads, assuming the problem is " A lot of people still believe chat urinary lnrcrinsrirure Medical Genetics (!MG) incurable. incontinence is due simply co aging," says Dr. program. 1n addition, many physicians fa.i i to recog­ Evan H adley, chief of the NIA Geriarrics As part of their regular formal training, nize the impact of urinary incontinence in Branch and chairman of rhe planning commit­ fourth-year medical scudenrs apply for compec­ nursing home patients. As a result, very few tee for che recent NIH Consensus Dcvelop­ icive clinical rorarion programs at various nursing home rcsidencs wirh incontinence have menr Conference on urinary incontinence in hospitals or medical laboracories. 13y the same any type of diag nostic evaluation, co say adults. " Incontinence is nor an inevitable pare coken, hospitals and laboratories compete nothing of treatment. of aging, and it can be treated." against each ocher co recruit the best, most At least 10 million adult Americans suffer Although age-related changes in the urinary from incontinence, including approximately trace predispose older persons co develop 15 to 30 percent of older people who live in incontinence, normal aging is not responsible rhe communiry and ar least one-half of the l . 5 for its occurrence. O ften, inconrinence results mil Iion residents of nursing homes in chis from many interacting faccors, including neu­ country. The condirion affects twice as many rologic impairment, immobil ity, illness, women as men. confusion and m<:dicacions. In some cases, Incontinence leads co social isolation and dependency among older Americans. Excur- (See INCONTINENCE, Page 2 )

The Intrigue of Fatigue Seminar Urges More Positive Scientists Tirelessly Pursue Stand on Animal Research Causes of Tiredness By Louise Williams Don't apologize. Don't gee riled . Do speak By Laurie K. Oocpel our. That was the advice given ac a recent A study of a select group of people with NIH Science Writers Guild seminar, "Gerring chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) suggests chat Our the Word About rhe Need for Animal common biological factors may underlie some Research." Joan Durbin. ,, /011rth-yea,· st11dent at Robert psychiatric disorders and CFS, factors char pre­ Unless scientists and their insricurions cake \Vood Johmo11 Medical School. respom:/J lo q11eJtiom dispose people co both types of illnesses. a more aggressive stand on animal research, about genetic engineering i11 T -cells. Three-fourths of 28 CFS patients studied had a warned , president of the Foun­ past history of or were currently experiencing dation for Biomedical Research, the "squeaky promising srudenrs co t heir programs. Medical one or more psychiatric disorders. This race of wheel" will ger ever more concessions. generics is one of 16 clinical subspecialties psychiatric illness greatly exceeds char reported The foundarion is a scienrists · organization offered by NIH. for rhe general population or for people with based in Washington, D .C. Trull spoke ar the certain ocher chronic diseases. seminar, along wirh Storm Whaley, NIH Gathering recently in the Clinical Center's Dr. Markus Kruesi of the National Institute associate director for communications. Bunim Room, the ten students, encouraged of Meneal Health conducted t he study in col­ Attending was a diverse group of 60 scien­ by proud preceprors, culminared their laboration wich Dr. Stephen Straus, chief of tists, informarion officers and writers, and 2-monrh electives by delivering stringently rhe medical virology section of the National members of the public, including an area high timed, I 0-minuce reporrs chat summarized Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, school teacher. experiments, shared experiences and celebrated and Janee Dale, an NIAID clinical research Trull believes scicnriscs are playing into newfound expertise. nurse. The findings were published in the activists' hands. "We have nothing co apolo­ 'Tve been getting those li ttle booklets in February issue of che J oumal of C/i11ical gize for. N IH is the largest, most important the mail since l was a freshman in medical Psychiatry. biomedical insricurion in the U.S. Yet, it is school," said Karen Geller of Mt. Sinai, refer­ When the past and present psychiauic his­ responding co chis issue as activ­ ring ro recruitment marerial and descriptive tories of the scudy patients were assessed, it ists wane us co respond-in an apologetic brochures sent out by reaching hospitals vying was determined chat 21 of rhe 28 had been or fashion." for eager pupils. were currently affected by a psychiatric illness. A poll commissioned by rhe foundation and Whar makes students choose one program Several patienrs had had more than one psy- rhe American Medical Association, she said, over another:' The reputation of the facility

(See TUCKERED, Page 8 ) (See ANIMALS, Page 4 ) (See GENETICS, Page 6 ) page 2 The Record March 7, 1989

INCONTINENCE CAN BE TREATED SUCCESSFULLY (Continued from Page 1)

inconcineoce is temporary and can be cured by ants, bladder outlec stimulants and estrogens), changing medications or by t reating an acme and/or surgery. "The fact char treatments are illness such as a urinary trace infection. often effective makes it regrettable char so However, many cases are chronic, lasting many people don't seek help," says Hadley. indefinitely unless properly diagnosed and As a general rule, the panel suggested chat rreaced. doctors cry che lease invasive or dangerous Based on scienrific darn presented during procedures first. Even when permanent rhc conference, che consensus panel, drawn improvement is not possible, frequent from the medical profession, basic sciences and reminders to request assistance with trips ro che general public, wrote a consensus state­ the toiler and an increase in the number of ment. In chis statement, the panel stressed those trips may reduce incontinence. Ocher chat every person with urinary incontinence is helpful changes include rcscricring bedtime entitled to evaluation and treatment. The ..,.. fluid intake, providing easier access to toilet panel recommended a thorough medical his­ facilities, and if necessary using absorbent Thanks to the NIH Ski C/11b, the R&W ,md Spe­ tory (including a record of the duration, produces or catheters. cial Love, Inc., 52 teens and young ad11/tJ with frequency, amount and type of incontinence, ca11cer enjoyed a weekend of skiing at Elk Mo1111- as well as information about associated ill­ While many controversies were addressed ac tain, Jan. I 9- 22. The groups a/Jo Jponsored a nesses, previous operations and current the conference, numerous questions await family weekend for patients a11d theit· family 111e,n­ medications), careful physical examination and answers. Directions for future research include: bers Feb. 17-20 al Canaan Valley. A total of 44 bladder rescing . In addition, the evaluation studies of r.he risk factors for developing skiers participated in this annual event. should include an assessment of each individ­ incontinence, investigations of possible preven­ ual's mental health, functional ability and tion strategics and development and evaluation Award Nominations Sought residential status. of new treatments. The NIH Asian/Pacific Islander American Contrary to public opinion, most cases of Free single copies of the complete NIH Advisory Committee (A./PlAAC) is requesting · urinary incontinence can be cured or improved Consensus Statement on Urinary Incontinence nominations for che Recognition Award, co be using behavioral techniques (including pelvic in Adults may be obcaine

Burroughs Makes Her MARC With Help from an NIH Program By Hugh James Lee

In any g roup of young professional people, would be more difficult co get in today.'' Dr. Cynrhia D. Burroughs would be dis­ After completing her undergraduate degree, tinguished by her doccorace in endocrinology Burroughs went to che University of California from the University of California ac Berkeley, ar Berkeley for a 10-week study program. and by her position as a scaff fellow ac the There she mec Dr. H oward Bern, a professor National lnscicuce of Environmental Health of zoology, who lacer became her mentor in Sciences. Twenty years ago. as a woman in accaining masters and doccorace degrees in science, she m ight have been "channeled" inro endocrinology. Along the way co her Ph.D., reaching ac the secondary school level, or inco Burroughs worked as a graduate scudent bocany within rhe biological sciences. As a insrrucror; among her scudcncs were other black, and the first generarion in her family to MARC program parcicipancs. In L985 , she arcenJ college, she has had to overcome some arcended a conference on environmencal additional obstacles. estrogens at NIEHS. There she mer Dr. John Bur Burroughs has had some fortunate cir­ McLachlan, one of the meeting coordinators, cumstances in her life as well, and she has had who is chief of the Laboratory of Reproducrive rhe personal motivation and ability co make and Developmental Toxicology, and has the most of opportunity. First, her parents recently been made the acting director of were adamanr chat their children would all intramural research at rhe institute. take precollege courses in high school. "They Today, Burroughs pursues her research full­ weren't going co insist chat we go to college if cime, focusing on hormonal control and we didn't wane co," Burroughs recalls, "bur D1·. Cynthia Burroughs mechanism of hormone action in normal and insisted that we cake rhe courses necessary to abnormal growth. She shares the time of one enable us co go if we chose that path." laboratory technician with two ocher staff Secondly, Burroughs grew up in Talladega, fellows. Ala., where she remembers one special assiscance at che college, she turned our co be "\Xie work out our schedules very carefully, teacher, Stephen Syers, who caught her high overqualified for one of che financial assistance and it works ouc pretty well," she says. She school chemistry and made science come alive programs, bur was encouraged co apply for rhe looks forward co her research career, and savors foe her. Also, Talladega is chc home of Talla­ NIH program MARC- Minority Access co che freedom NIEHS offers. 'Tm certainly open dega College, a fine, small college with a Research Careers. co returning co academia eventually,'· she says, remarkable record for g raduating black stu­ "le was a relatively new program," Bur­ "but the National lnsciruces of Health dents who go on co earn Ph.D.s. roughs says. "Today it has become very provides an ideal arrangement for creative When Burroughs applied for financial competitive, with thousands of applicants. le work, and 1 really appreciate char. " D

NIAID Meeting To Examine New Ways To Curb Increase in Asthma Deaths During the past few years, scientists have Malveaux, Dr. Alan Zuckerman from George­ observed an alarming rrend in che number of town University and several other experts will asthma deaths in the Unircd States: in the face report on their efforts co develop and imple­ of new and effective treatments for the disease, ment outreach and education programs co help far too many Americans still suffer anq die curb che race of aschma ill ness and death in from asthma. The number is g rowing, the nation's cities. O lympian Jeanette Bolden, especially among inner-city youth. who sprinted co a gold medal in 1984, will On Friday, Mar. 10, beginning at 8:30 cal k about how access co current therapies a.m. in Bldg. 3 1, Conf. Rm. 10, the helped her win with asthma. National lnsciruce of Allergy and Infectious The Mar. 10 update will be held in con­ D iseases will bring cogecher top researchers junction with NIAID's meeting Mar. 9 on from around che country co cake a special look " NJAID Research Initiatives in Asthma and ar chis disturbing trend. T his meeting, an Allergic Diseases." Researchers from NIAlD's Update on Asrhma Outreach and Demonstra­ Aschma and Allergic D iseases Cencers and tion Programs, is intended co bring health Ccncers for lncenlisciplinary Research on specialisrs up co dace with new asthma treat­ Immunologic D iseases will report on current ment and outreach programs. Researchers will basic and applied research findings in asthma Cli11ica/ Cente,- pharmacist Evelyn FarinaJ is the explore new information about why asthma, and allergy. These include mechanisms of the new presidmt of the D.C. Society of Hospital rhe leading cause of school absenteeism, is a allergic response, biology of the lace phase Phar111acim, a JOO-member regional chaptet· of the special problem among inner-ciry children. (hours instead of minutes) allergic reaction in A1m1riu,11 Society of Hmpital Pharmacists. Other Speakers will include Dr. Floyd Malveaux, asthma, and techniques char have yielded new NIH f!harmadJtS who hold exewtive positiom in from the NIAlD-sponsored Center for Inter­ information about lung biology in people with the society include past-president Robert discipli nary Research in immunologic Diseases asthma. No registration is required for either DeChristoforo, u1ho recently transferred the gavel to at Johns H opkins, who has studied factors day. For information call Leslie Fink, Farinas, and newly elected treasurer Timothy related co aschma in Baltimore cicy child ren. 496-5717. □ Ames. page /4 The Record March 7, 1989

ANIMALS into high gear, the foundation is revving its / (Continued from Page 1 ) motor, coo, Trull said. Created 8 years ago to educate the public about the need for animal research, the 2,000-member nonprofit organi­ shows 77 percent of Americans support animal zation has taken a quantum leap--inco research, yet Congress receives more letters advertising. from activists on that issue than any ocher. "We're launching an advertising campaign, Whaley agreed that public education is crit­ something animal rig hes groups have done." ical, and he cold the group NIH has adopted a And, like rhc activists, the foundation is more positive stand. "In all our press releases employing a srarkly emotional pitch. One and interviews, we're noting whenever animal newspaper advertisement contrasts saving a research was crucial" for biomedical advances. child's life with saving an animal's. The rag He also said NIH has become far wiser line for another, which depicts a group of abour handling on-campus demonstrations, rhanks co past procescs. He recounted the angry demonstrators, reads: "Thanks co animal 1985 takeover of the direcror's office of the research, they'll be able co proresr 20.8 years National l nscicucc of Neurological Disorders longer." So far, che advercisemencs have provoked and Stroke, a procesc that caught officials off Dr. Barbara WaJJerman . llledietil director of the the desired responses, including media surprise guard. Ocm/1ational /\1edical Se,,vi.-e, Division of Safety. and support, Trull said. "The activists had cold the media"' of their steps into the Groove,·, Christie and Men·i11 Ma111- She urged scientists and their institutions co planned protest, Whaley recalled, but nor mo1;raphy Jrreening van during its weeklong stay 011 pitch in. What can scienciscs do? Trull and NIH. The issue for reporters became nor the the NT1-J cam/ms. One hundred and fifty tPomen Whaley say ignore the foe and acquire more value of animal research bur " when were we reaived 111t1v1mography scrffning. friends. going co toss the activists out of the building. As Trull pm it, tr)•ing co change che minds The NIH strategy was co cool the situation." Cholesterol Screening Offered of animal rights anivists is "a waste of time. Whaley said the apparent inactivity baffled Bur the public wanes information. " Do you know if your nllillber is up:' Find many ac NIH. That caught NTH officials che Here are some seeps: out by having your blood cholescerol checked importance of good intramural communica­ • Know the facts. Keep lists of biomedical during March and April at the Ocwpacional tions duri ng emergencies. advances made possible through animal Medical Service, Division of Safety. A second demonstration lase summer did research. Information is available from both H igh blood cholesterol is one of the three not surprise NlH. In face, Whaley related, che Foundation for Biomedical Research and major risk facrors for coronary heart disease NIH officials and protesters negotiated the the American Psycholog ical Association's along with cigarette smoking and high blood demonstration's specifics ahead of cime--a tac­ Ethics and Social Policy Branch, according co pressure. The primary rrearmenc is a dier low tic chat worked. Trull. in saturated fat and cholesterol. So if you dis­ However, Whaley cautioned, no one ractic • Speak out against any disseminated false­ cover chat your blood cholesterol is high, the works all the time. "You can't fight the lase hood. Getting scientists co write letters co OMS will provide you with rips on what to war in chis war." He offered guidelines for Congress or che press used ro be "harder than eat co lower it. handling campus protests: pulling teeth," Trull said. "Now, chat has To participate, purchase a lab slip at a cost • Seay calm. Reporters covering a protest changed." of $ 3. 75 from any of rhe R&W scores between zero in on arrests and brawls. Whaley suggested scienrists write op/ed 9 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Monday-Friday. • Keep a cool, alert security force. Whaley pieces for newspapers. He also noted chat Screening cakes place ac the various OMS unics praised the NIH security team's conduce dur­ many university alumni magazines are eager according co the schedule listed below. ing last year's demonstration. for stories about discoveries related co animal • Whenever possible, negotiate beforehand. Bldg. IO, 6C306 Every Tuesday research. 8-11 a.m. throughout the yea,· • Sec up a communications center. lncernal • Develop a cadre of scientist-spokespersons communications are as important as press ready co talk about animal research co the · Bldg. 10. 6C306 Thursdays releases, he stressed. media, schools , and community and ocher 7-10 p.m. Mar. 16 thro11gh Apr. 13 Trull cautioned that more protests lie ahead groups. Even grade school children are being Bldg. 10, 6C306 Fridays and chat the fight is getting fiercer. Animal cold animal research is bad- and chat protest­ 8- 11 a . 111. Mar. 17 through Apr. 14 welfare is no longer activists' rallying cry; ing disseccions is heroic. fewer cases of laboratory animal mistreatment • Solicit help from voluntary associations. Bldg. 31. Rm. B2B57 Tuesday, Mar. 2l exist. Rather chan "bigger and cleaner cages," They are beginning ro realize their futures are /-3 fl.Ill. che shout has become "empty cages." on the line, coo. To reach their goal, activists rely on emo­ • Have information officers know their \Yle.rtwood Bldg. Rm. 11 Wednesday, Mar. 29 tionalism and half-truths, Trull said. For inscicuce's use of animal models. Ready faces 9- 1 I a.m. example, activists insist that scientists gee big­ may defuse some pocencial media bombs. Bldg. 38A , Rm. 28G Wednesday, Apr. 5 ger grants for research involving animal Trull ended che session on a positive note: 2-4 p.m. experiments, yet the findings are noc applica­ "The animal rights issue may be getting ble co humans. worse, but we're getting better" at promoting Executive Plaza North, Rm. 103 Thursday . Apr. 6 "The public is sc ience-ignorant," Trull told our side. 8:45-70:45 a.111. rhe gathering. "Animal rights groups present The next guild seminar, "How NIH Jnfor­ Bldg. 13 , Rm. G901 Friday, Apr. 7 enough half-cruchs co make their positions marion Offices Handle AIDS Inquiries," is 8:30- / J a.Ill, sound real. The know how co play on rhe tentatively scheduled for June 19, from 11:30 public's fears." a.m. to 12:30 p.m., in Bldg. 31, Conf. Rm. Federal Bldg. 10B08 Thursday, Apr. 13 But, if activists have shifted their campaign 6. □ 1- 3 p.m. page 5 TheRecord March 7, 1989

NIMH Research Adds to Knowledge About Premenstrual Syndrome By Pam Jones Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a condition Although the scientists found no evidence biology Branch, and Dr. Barbara Parry, now marked by sometimes severe or disabling that mean plasma hormone levels differ in ac che University of California-San Diego, mood changes chat occur in concert with che PMS patients compared co control subjects, studied lO women whose PMS sympcoms were menstrual cycle, is the focus of research being they speculate, as have others, chat PMS may severe enough co cause chem social or occupa­ conducted by a number of NIMH intramural represent "an abnormal response co normal tional problems. All women were deprived of scienciscs located on the NIH campus. endocrine levels." Thus, further studies using one night's sleep, and 8 of the 10 r<;:ported an One research group has concluded chat, more sophisticated measures of endocrine improvem<;:nt in mood as measured on the contrary co previous hypotheses about che dis­ activity may reve-<11 subcle hormone alterations Hamilton rating scale for depression. Several order, PMS is not the result of a simple chat lead co PMS in some women. of the patients also reported increased energy hormone deficiency. It has also found that Rubinow, working with ocher scientists and a sense of euphoria. paciencs wich PMS experience premenstrual from NIH, conducted another study on PMS In subsequent months, five of che women increases in appetite chat arc more dramatic chat focused on appetite disturbances associ­ participated in additional sessions of partial than chose reported by women without the ated with chis disorder. In their study of 21 sleep deprivation. The researchers discovered disorder, and chat PMS appetite increases are patients with PMS and 13 control Sllbjects, that women who were deprived of sleep in che direccly correlated with mood changes, the investigators found dramatic increases in second half of the night greatly imptoved especially depression. Another NIMH group appetite in the 7 days preceding the onset of while chose who were deprived of sleep during has found chat sleep deprivation can be an menses and a direct correlation with mood che ficsc half hardly improved at all. effective treatment for some pacients with changes, especially depression, during this As with most ocher invescigacions of PMS. , phase of the menstrual cycle. therapeutic sleep deprivation, chis study Symptoms of PMS include depression, irri­ The study subjects were asked to rate, on a involved one major methodological problem: tability, anxiety, fatigue, social withdrawal daily basis over 2 to 9 months, changes in neither the racers nor the patients were blind and ocher cognitive and behavioral d isturb­ appetite and mood, specifically the degree of co the procedure being tested. Despite this, ances. They commonly occur after ovulation depression, anxiety, irritability and feelings of rhe scientists hyporhesize that repeated partial (usually mid-cycle) and resolve shortly after lonel iness. The invescigacors then analyzed chc sleep deprivation may be an effective and the start of menses. ratings for the prcmenstrnal phase of the men­ acceptable alternative or adjunct co the phar­ NIMH intramural sciencisc Dr. David R. strual cycle (the 7 days prior co the start of macological creacmcnr of PMS. D Rubinow has determined that PMS is not a menses) and the postmenstrual phase (the 7 simple hormone deficiency, and therefore the days after the cessation of menses). rationales for a number of currently used treat­ The PMS group had significant increases in ments are of ''questionable merit." appetite in the premenstrual phase, and there Rubinow and his colleagues based their con­ was a strong relationship between appetite dis­ clusions on blood samples obtained throughout turbances and depression in this phase. the menstrual cycle in women with well­ Although the control subjects also experienced characterized mensrrually related mood disor­ increases in appetite in the 7 clays before der and in a group of control subjects. menses scarred, the increases were less dra­ Previously, ochers have proposed chat ch is maric. Furchermorc, che control subjects disorder is caused by a lack of progesterone, a reported no major alterations in mood in the superabundance of estrogen, or an estrogen­ pre- or poscmcnscrual phase. progesterone imbalance. Resulting treatments No increases in appetite were noted during have included progesterone, bromocriptine (a the postmenstrual phase in either group. prolaccin inhibitor), or pyridoxine (vitamin Appetite disrnrbances in PMS patients may 86) be a result of the body crying ro compensate 1n Rllbinow's srudy, reported in the Ameri­ for deficiencies in the brain chemical can }011mal of 0buetrics and Gyr1ec11logy, blood seroconin, thought co be linked co depression. samples were drawn from 17 women who According ro chis hypothesis, neuroregulacory exhibited clearly defined mood disrurbances disturbances resulting from PMS may cause and from nine control subjects. Analysis cravings for carbohydrates as a means of boost­ showeJ chat patients and control subjects had ing the levels of the substrate cryptophan, similar patterns of hormone secretion through­ which is necessary for the brain to correct a out the menstrual cycle, leading the serotonin deficiency. invesrigacors co conclude chat simple changes PMS appears co be similar co another disor­ in hormone levels are probably not the cause der, known as atypical depression, in chat of PMS. both are marked by increases in appetite, Linda Nee, an NINOS gmetic meanh associate. According co Rubinow and his IMH and possibly brought about by the depressive was recently honored by the Greater Washington, NICHD colleagues, actribming PMS either co symptoms. T he investigators suggest that D.C., Chapter of the Alzheimer's Diseme and excesses or deficits of these hormones is "sim­ further studies of appetite and mood in rela­ Related Disorders Association with a "I 988 plistic and inaccurate." Therefore, any tion to reproductive endocrine changes might Researcher Award. " She has been studying familial treatment successes that occur from the use of answer important questions aboLtt atypical Alzheimer's disease for the past 10 years, tracing progesterone or bromocripcine are not che depressive states. the neurodegenerative disorder in a family that resulr of correcting levels of progesterone or In a third study, NIMH scientists Dr. immigrated to North America frllm England in 1he prolactin, as has been believed. Thomas Wehr, chief of the Clinical Psycho- yea,- 1837. page 6 The Record March 7, 1989

GENETICS CRISP Training Dates Set (C-Ontinued from Page 1 ) In the spring of 1989, 1-day training courses in the Division of Research Granes' and the extent and depth of the hands-on CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on training offered are rwo very imporranc Scientific Projects) system will be offered on considerations. Mar. 22, Apr. 13, May 18 and June 14 (the "le didn'r dawn on me uncil my third year first and last dates are on Wednesdays; the chat I wanted to do one," continued Geller, second and third on Thursdays). This course, who plans ro specialize in obstetrics and "Introduction co the CRISP System," is a gynecology. She presented results of a rwo­ comprehensive overview of the extramural and dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins intramural projecc coverage of CRISP, rhe sci­ in human amniotic fluid and fetal cells from entific indexing of research projects, and the normal and Down syndrome pregnancies. system's search capabilities. A hands-on prob­ "There was so much more offered ar NIH lem solving session is included . . . . it's such a referral cenrer (in the medical A request co attend "Introduction co the community)," she said. "Ordinarily, you 'd CRISP System" should be directed, in only get to sec maybe one Down's patient a writing, to the acting chief, research docu­ week. " menracion seccion, Division of Research Geller's project compared proteins found in T11lane University medical st11dent A.nne Dopson Granes, Westwood Bldg. , Rm. 148, and fluid and cells from eight normal pregnancies diswsses the merits of preventive cytogmetic research. should be received at least 10 days before the to as many Down syndrome pregnancies. The Her elective work involved l)'mph,mgiosarcoma in a course dace of interest. Please include name, experiment is in progress in the Biochemical ly111phede111a patient. address and telephone number, as well as pre­ Generics Branch of NJMH. ferred session date. It is not necessary co Wcndy Rubinstein, an M.D.-Ph.D. candi­ submit Form HHS-350 if accepted. Interested date also from Mr. Sinai, cites another reason persons may call 496-7543 for more informa­ for choosing NIH-recommendations from tion, or consult the SHARE TRAINING past NIH elective students. . eluded her presentation of lymphangiosarcoma fuc ilicy on Wylbur for course details. D ''I've known several elective students who in a patient wirh here

DEO Lecture Offers Insight on Deaf Culture and Values By Toni Pineau

The Division of Equal Opportunity was require chat che signs follow che spoken d ifferent ways," says Jankowski. Some see pleased co cosponsor with the NIH T raining words, disrupting the syntax and g rammar of rhemselves as belonging co the deaf com­ Center guest lecturer Kathy Jankowski ASL, which has a unique srruccure unrelated munity, having a language, culture and values recently. co English. char are specifically identified with that com­ J ankowski addressed sig n language classes Jankowski advocates a bilingual approach to munity. These people are considered "Deaf' and guests on che subject of the language and the education of deaf children, teaching them people. Others, who may come from hearing culture of the deaf community. first in the natural language most suited co families, attend pubI ic or oral schools and Deaf herself, Jankowski explained chat " no deaf people, ASL, and reaching English as a have residual hearing, may call themselves two deaf people arc alike." Some (approx­ second language through American Sign hard-of-hearing, or hearing impaired. imately 10 percent) are born of deaf parents. Language. Regardless of che label, some people view Most deaf people are, however, born of hear­ She stressed that deaf people and their com­ themselves as handicapped. Ochers do not. ing parents For che 10 percent of "native" munication styles vary based on their Jankowski is emphatic that she is not handi­ deaf Americans, their first language is Ameri­ backgrounds, schools attended, whee her they capped but a member of a cultural, linguistic can Sign langL,age (ASL). Jankowski explained are native deaf and whether they identify with minority-the Deaf community-with values, chat her parents are both deaf so she grew up the deaf community. traditions, rules of interaction and, mosr signing. Many deaf children do not acquire Jankowski discussed the values chat mem­ prized, a language_ all its own. language, neither ASL nor English, until the bers of the deaf community- people who view age of 5 or 6, or whenever they enter school. themselves as "culturally" deaf-possess: the They cannot hear English and so it is not importance of social clubs and events where readily acquired. T he natural language of deaf deaf people can come together with people Deaf Linguist To Lecture who share their experiences, and pan icularly The Division of Equal Opportunity, Equal the high value placed on residential schools for Opportunity Branch and the NIH Training the deaf. le is t here that man)• deaf people Center will sponsor a lecture: "A Culrurally fi rst learn co communicate through sign lan­ Deaf Person's View of che New Deafness guage, making deep friendships chat lase a Institute (NIDCD)," on Mar. 2 1 in Bldg. 3 1, lifetime. Deaf children of hearing parents usu­ Conf. Rm. 7 from 10:30 a.m. co 12:30 p.m. ally find commurricacion-and life in The speaker, M.J. Bienvenu, cofounder/ general-frustrating at home where parents director of che Bicultural Center in Riverdale, and siblings cannot communicate wit h them. Md., is a deaf linguist, interpreter trainer, Often one's peers in a state school become and authority on American Sign Language and one's "family." deaf culture. All NIH employees and their J ankowski also discussed some rules of guests arc invited. interaction with and among deaf people. Deaf people will unconsciously "code­ swicch" from American Sign Language among themselves to a more English-like form of STEP Dissects signing in che presence of hearing people as an Director's Meetings attempt to accornmodate hearing persons· unfamiliarity with ASL. A STEP Forum enticled "The NIH Direc­ Kathy Jankowski Eye contact is vital for interaeting with deaf wr·s Regional Meetings, .. will be held on people. Not looking a deaf person in the eye Mar. 2.,, from l:30 co 4 p.m. in Wilson people is ASL because it is a visual language in conversation or even in passing is consid­ Hall, Bldg. I. geared co the eye. Bue because their parents ered rude. Analysis of the testimony gathered at the do not sign, deaf children of hearing parents There are social rules for getting the atten­ meetings identified eight major areas of con­ often do not acquire language skills until they tion of a deaf person: flashing a light, capping cern: peer review, flexibility and continuity of enter residential schools and learn ASL from a person on the shoulder, back or arm or wav­ research funding, training and career develop­ their deaf peers (usually children of deaf ing are all ways to get a deaf person's ment, research facilities, indirecr coses, parents). accention. research resources, minorities in biomedical Jankowski explained chat there arc a variety Culcurally, deaf people have a sense of research and animal research issues. Spe-.ikers of educational alternatives for deaf people humor very different from chat of hearing peo­ Dr. Jay Moskowitz, OD; Dr. Ronald Geller, because there are so many disparate philoso­ ple. Hearing people have jokes, puns, and OD; Dr. Barbara Packard , NHLBI; and phies about the best way to educate the deaf. stories based on sound (i.e., "knock-knock" Geoffrey Grant, OD, will highlight the issues, Historically, deaf people have been caught jokes). T he deaf, coo, have puns, jokes and perceptions and myths that exist in the co lipread and speak so char they would better stories of their own, based on sight. research community. fit inro a hearing wocld. Because chis method le was pointed our that deaf people rend co Questions and answers will fol low the pres­ has not been particularly successful in educat­ be more direct, to say precisely what they entations. No preregistration is required for ing [he deaf, ocher approaches have been mean, rather than using euphemisms as hear­ the forum, which is open ta all N IH person­ developed. ing people often do. Deaf people also have nel. Additional information is available from The use of signs in conjunction with speech traditions and folklore passed from one genera­ the STEP program office in Bldg. 31, Rm. is an alternative. The problem with this sys­ tion co the next. 5B44, 496- 1493. 0 tem is that signing and cal king simultaneously "Deaf people rend co identify themselves in page 8 The Record March 7, 1989

TUCKERED medications used co treat psychiatric disorders Animal Center Chief Retires (Continued from Page JJ may help some people with CFS. Such medi­ cations have been successfully used to treat Dr. David M. Renquist, chief of rhe animal chiatric illness during their lifetimes. The ocher nonpsychiatric illnesses such as migraine center section, VRB, DRS, at Poolesville, has diagnoses included 15 cases of depression, 9 headaches. Already pilot studies indicate that retired from the PHS Commissioned Corps to cases of anxiety disorders (s imple phobia, some people with CFS benefit from certain become head of the division of veterinary sci­ ence at the Primate Research Institute, panic disorder or agoraphobia), and 3 cases of antidepressant medications. problems related co alcohol abuse. "It won't be surprising co me to find our in Almagordo, N.M. "We interviewed people at only one point the long run char people with CFS have some Rcnquisr was chief of the primate unit at the NIH Animal Center for 12 years before in time, so the study was not really designed underlying metabolic defect in common," says becoming the section chief in 1986. His career to answer the question, 'Which came first?'" Kruesi. D says Kruesi. "Bur looking at the data, you see at NIH combined research, program manage­ that people were more likely co have had psy­ ment and veterinary medical practice, especially with nonhuman primates. He had chiatric difficulties before they developed CFS FAES Offers Grants than co have had CFSan

Training Center Offers Two Career Advancement Avenues NIDR Veteran Leibold Retires The IH Training Center announces two positions. Marge Leibold, an 18-year veteran recep­ programs allowing employees in certain job Five positions are open for competitive tionist at the National Inscicuce of Deneal categories to advance their careers-the Stride selection in 1989: concraccs specialise, com­ Research's denral clinic, retired Dec. 30, Program and the Career Curricula Program. puter specialise, program analyst, adminis­ 1988. Both offer employees in nonprofessional job trative assistant/administrative officer, and She arrived in the dental clinic in Novem­ series an opportunity for career change and technical publications writer/editor. One ber 1970. Prior to working for NIDR, she advancement. trainee is prepared for each of these occupa­ had a career at the J us rice Department. Participants in the CCP work with center tions; cost of tuition and materials is covered "l decided co work at NlDR because it is so staff co choose a desired occupational field and by rhe Stride account. convenient to where I live, and I ended up plan 30 hours of relevant college classwork. If you are a GS-5 co 9 career employee (or liking it so much I decided co stay," she said. Through a combination of academic training federal wage grade equivalent) with I year at "The people at NIDR have been very (taken on the participant's own time) and NIH, in a one-grade incerval job series and friendly." informal occupational mentoring, participants have a high school diploma but not a bach­ In addition to answering the phone, sched­ will be better able to compete for professional elor's degree, you may be eligible to apply. uling and checking in patients, Leibold had entry-level jobs. Participants are expected to Complete eligibility requirements for both take ac lease one course per semester; al I programs-Career Curricula and Stride-will courses are paid for by che CCP account. be provided at che information sessions listed If you are a GS-8 or below NlH employee below, all of which will be held from 11 a.m. (or federal wage grade equivalent) employed in co noon. a one-grade interval job series, have a high Date Location school diploma or a GF.D certificate, lack a M,ir. 14 Federalf B l-19 bachelor's degree, are employed under a career Mar. 15 Westwood/428 or career-conditional appointment for at least !Hat·. 16 Exemtive Plaza l year and work at lease 32 hours per week, No.-th Con/ Rm. J you may be eligible. MaT. 20 Bldg. 38/BINJ0B The Stride Program, on the ocher hand, Mar. 2 / Bldg. JO/Medical Board Rm. combines on-the-job training, job-related aca­ Rm . 2CJJ6 demic courses and selecred short training Mar. 22 Bldg. 3 I /Con/ Rm. 9 courses co prepare trainees for placement in targeted professional (two-grade series) posi­ Application packages for both programs will tions at NIH. be available on Mar. 13 in the NIH T raining The term of che program is up co 3 years, Center, Bldg. 3 l, Rm. B2C3 i.. To be consid­ Marge Leibold depending on the trainee's academic and work ered for the programs, applications must be experience and requirements of the targeted complete and received by Apr. 14. D part of the awesome responsibility for keeping crack of the thousands of patient files that have accumulated over the years. Newman, NICHD Administrator, Mourned NIDR conduces studies related to a variety of oral and dencal conditions. The denral Dr. Sidney H. Newman, a popularion spe­ and joining the staff ar NIH. dinic also responds to the needs of inpatients cialist and behavioral science administrator at Newman was born in Danvi lle, Va. He at the Clinical Center who are participating in the Center for Population Research, National graduated from Washington & Lee University, other research protocols and need dental care Institute of Child Health and Human magna cum laude, and received his master's while staying at the center. Development, died of cancer Jan. I at his degree and a doctorate in psychology at Clark She and the rest of the staff always made a home in Bethesda. University. special effort co keep the clinic open. "Even He joined che Public Health Service in Newman was a fellow of the American Psy­ during the flood a few years ago after the 1947, serving as chief of the Measure and chological Association, had served on its task clinic was renovated, and the recent Clinical Evaluation Branch until 1963, when he force on psychology, family planning and pop­ Center fire, the dental clinic never closed," became director of the Division of Research ulation policy, and was founder of its division she said laughing. and Srandards in the PHS Office of Personnel. of population and environmental psychology. She has no big retirement plans yec. For Newman came to NICHD in 1968 as the He had edited several scientific books and right now, she says, "I will cake one day at a first psychologist at the Cencer for Population written many articles for scientific journals. rime." D Research. He served as head, behavioral-social He also received a superior service award from science program, a position he held until his the American Psychological Association's Divi­ retirement in May 1986. sion of Population Psychology and is listed in Mailroom Reminder He served on che faculty at Michigan Stace American Men of Science and similar listings. University from 1935 until 1946. In World Survivors include his wife, Althea Newman The NIH Mailroom requests that before War II, on war leave, he served in the Office of Bethesda; a daughter, Carolyn Cochenour of sending material through interoffice mail, of War Information in Washingcon, D.C., Westminster, Md.; a brother, Alvin Newman employees make sure che following is and ac the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in New of Danville; and two sisters, Beatrice Stoner of clearly marked on the outside of rhe envel­ ope: name or office, institute, room I..ondon, Conn. He was an associate professor Coconut Creek, Fla., and Karherine Lee New­ number, and building number. This will and acting head of the psychology department man of San Francisco, Calif. help co ensure prompt and correct at Michigan Seate before moving co this area delivery. D page 10 The Record ~larch 7, 1989

NIA Program Examines the World's Aging Computerized NIH Phone Book By Margo Warren The Telecommunications Branch, ORS, in collaboration with the NIH Computer Center, Why do some older people become disabled now provides an Ltpdated-monthly NIH tele­ while others do not' How much does the inci­ phone directory rhac can be accessed free via a dence of Alzheimer's disease vary among computer terminal or a PC and modem. It's countries and why? What causes osteoporosis easy co find names, phone numbers and and how does it differ among races and a

The Record March 7. 1989

TRAINING TIPS Ada Hruska Dies, Longtime CC Nurse Ada Rurhellen Hruska, a nurse analyse with The N IH Training Center of the Division of the Clinical Center's information systems Personnel Management offers the fol lowing: department, died Jan. 23 at NIH. She was 63 Co11nes and Programs Dates years of age. She graduated from Frederick H igh School iV1anagement and S11pervisory 496-6371 in 1941 and received a bachelor's degree in Effen1ve Communicacions .)/28 W orking With Personal DilTermces 4/ 19 nursing from che University of Maryland in MBTI in Work Groups 1947. In 1951, she joined the Army Nurse Networking: Silent Politics 4/25 Corps and was stationed in fore Atterbury, Dealing With Poten

A Night at the Races Join R&W for an evening of thoroug hbred racing at Charles Town Races, Friday, Mar. 3 1. Package includes bus transportation, club­ house admission and a braised sirloin tip dinner in the luxurious Skyline Terrace, where you can view the entire racing card from your cable. Cost for the evening is $31. Bus will leave NIH Bldg. 3 lC at 4:45 p.m. Make your W/l)rking behind 1he scenes to UJork 0111 policy and management of the Childre11'1 hm at NIH are boardmem­ reservations at the R&W Activities Desk, bers belonging to the nonJtrofzt Children's Inn al N IH Inc. Seated are (from I) George Russell. Cindy 496-4600. Payment required upon reservation. \'(lhi1e, Peggy Pizzo (chainnan), Cal Baldwin, Bu/fie B1·01vnstei11. Standing are (from l) Andrew Tart/er, Bus trip wi ll be nonsmoking. 0 Randy SchOf!ls. Mary Lw Andem11, Donna \'(li/so11, Bob Slevin, Kathy Rrme/1, t ori \'(liener, Yvonne So?,homonian. ]1,di }ot,rabchi and A,·th11r McKey. page 12 The Record March 7, 1989

First Fogarty Scholar Revisits NIH from Israel Symposium To Honor Harry Saroff By Jim Bryant NJDDK scientist emeritus Dr. Harry Saroff is celebrating his 75th birthday on Mar. 8. In The firsc Fogarty Internacional Center his honor, NIDDK c:ollcagues are sponsoring a scholar-in-residence revisited NIH recently, symposium, "The Physical Chemisrry of Pro­ almosr 20 years after his tenllrc here, and was teins: 75 Years of Research," co be held on awarded a Scholar's Medal. Wednesday, Mar. 8, from 8:45 a.m. until Dr. Uriel Littauer, chairman of the depart­ 12: 15 p. rn. in Bldg. 3 IC, Conf. Rm. LO. ment of neurobiology at rhe Weizmann The symposium will review the evolution, Institute of Science in Israel, came co NIH in current developments and future directions of January to visit his friend and former mentor, protein research . Speakers include J .T. Edsall, Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, chief of rhc Labora­ Harvard University; H.A. Scheraga, Cornell tory of Biochemical Genetics at rhe National Universit)'; R.F. Steiner, University of Mary­ Heare, Lung, and Blood lnsrinm:. T.itrauer land, Baltimore Counry; and J. M. Klotz, worked in Nirenberg's laboratory ac NHLBI Norchwcsrern Universiry. D from Occober 1969 co September 1970. Taking advantage of Littauer's presence at NIH, Dr. Philip Schambra, FIC director, and Dr. Jack Schmidt, chief of rhe Scholars-in­ Residcnce Program, presented h im with a Dr. Philip E. Schambm. directoY, FIC (r), with bronze Scholar Medal engraved wirh h is name Dr. Uriel Litta1ter, the fim Fogarty scholar-in­ and rhe daces of his tenure as a scholar. T he residmce. The.re have been 111<11·e than 160 scientists cradicion of Scholars Medals was initiated sev­ who have followed in Litta11er's footsteps over the eral years after Littauer left NIH. yeal"J'. How did Litrauer become rhe first Fogarcy scholar' "The program was jl!St getting three more scientists had been named scholars starred, and I choughr Uri would be perfect at the FIC and were ac work here. for it,'' Nirenberg explained. "We had known . Since then, the Scholars-in-Residence Pro­ each other for a long rime, and J rhoughr we gram has become an imporranr scientific cou ld learn from him while he learncJ some of resource. More than 160 eminent scicnrisrs our cechniqucs al NIH." from 24 foreign countries and the U.S. have The experimem was highly successful. "Uri been invited to NIH for up to a year to con­ sec high standards for chose who came lacer," duct research anJ ro share rheir knowledge Clinical Cemer pediatric patients (Shayla, top . and Nirenberg said. "He worked all day in rhe lab with the scientific community. They were from I to r. James, J osh11a and Patritk below) and at night he wrote 14 papers while he was nominated by Nll l intramural scientists or r-eawed a .1pecial treat on Valemine's Day, ro111pli- here. He was tremenJousl)• produccive." former scholars. 111e11t, of the R&W and Tyson's Hallmark , R&\'(I Being at NIH was also valuable co Littauer. Their disciplines have covered the full range donated 65 Valentine baltoom and Tyson's Hall­ "Ac rhe rime, generics was being introduced of biomedical sciences and medical specialties mark rn11trib11ted teddy bean for a/(. into molecular biology," he explained. "Jr was relevant co NIH research programs. During my introduction to neurobiology. I learned a their scay, scholars have introduced new ideas g reat deal from Marshall and his staff, and our and approaches, published widely and of rhar I escablished a new department of neu­ organi1.ed workshops in their fields of exper­ robiology at rhe \Xlei1.mann Institute on my tise. Several key scientific advances, norably in return." the fields of biochemistry and molecular biol­ By rhe rime Littauer complered his rerm, ogy, are attributable to this program. 0

Volunteers Needed Herpes Support Group Starts Healthy boys and g irls, 6-14 years old, with no history of seizures or learning dis­ A support group for people wich genital abiliries, are needed for a paid N1MH study herpes will begin ac NIH on Mar. 14. Meet­ of factors in attention skills. Please call Mrs. ings will be held from 7:45 co 9: 15 p.m. on Elliorc, 496-7672, between 9 a.m. and rhe second and fourth Tuesdays of each month 4:30 p.m. D at the Clinical Center, Bldg. 10, I. Ith floor solarium. All meetings are free and Good Pay, No Pain confidential. The new support group is sponsored by Women and men (ages 23-45) wirh less HELP of Washington, the local chapter of rhc than 4 years of college are needed to partici­ Herpes Resource Center. The purpose of pate in a neuropsychological srudy at NlMH. HELP is co provide accurate information on No painful procedures involved. All volunteers herpes and ro enable people to deal with the are paiJ well for their rime. For more infor­ emotional problems that often accompany its mation please comacr Michelle Carlson or diagnosis. For additional information call lucene Wisniewski, 496-7674, between 9 369-1 32~. 0 a.m. anJ l p.m. Monday- Friday. 0 US GOVbftNMCNT Plt11'.'TJNG 0 1 flCE 198?-WJ-'7(,9180011