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(CCAC) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume

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(CCAC) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume Canadian Council on Animal Care Conseil canadien de protection des animaux Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume 1, 2nd Edition Sections of this document that have been revised are replaced by links to the relevant documents. The remaining sections are undergoing revision; however, they will continue to be used for CCAC assessments until revised guidelines are published. Editors Dr E.D. Olfert Dr B.M. Cross Mrs A.A. McWilliam Director Asssistant Director Information Officer Animal Resources Centre Animal Resources Centre Canadian Council on Animal Care University of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan 1000-151 Slater Street Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 S7N 0W0 S7N 0W0 In keeping with the CCAC policy of revising statements and guidelines as needed, users of this Guide are encouraged to forward any comments to the Secretariat. Citing certain devices or manufacturers is not to be perceived as the endorsement of the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) of one particular product over another. Publication Date: 1993 Revision Date: April 2020 © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 1993 ISBN: 0-919087-18-3 Canadian Council on Animal Care 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800 Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2R3 http://www.ccac.ca Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................1 PREFACE.........................................................................................................................2 FORWARD .......................................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................5 CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................................7 I. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CARE AND USE OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS ............................................................................10 A NATIONAL LEVEL ..................................................................................................................10 B. LOCAL LEVEL ........................................................................................................................ 11 II. LABORATORY ANIMAL FACILITIES ...................................................................12 A. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................12 B. LOCATION ..............................................................................................................................12 C. MECHANICAL SERVICES .....................................................................................................12 D. DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................12 E. MAJOR FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS ........................................................................................13 F. SECURITY ..............................................................................................................................13 G. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES FOR ANIMAL ROOMS ......................................................13 H. CAGING ..................................................................................................................................13 1. Shoebox Cages .............................................................................................................14 2. Larger Solid Bottom Caging ..........................................................................................14 3. Suspended Cages .........................................................................................................14 4. Other Cages ..................................................................................................................15 III. THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................16 A. CLIMATE CONTROL ..............................................................................................................16 1. Temperature ..................................................................................................................16 2. Humidity ........................................................................................................................16 3. Ventilation ......................................................................................................................17 4. Lighting ..........................................................................................................................17 B. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ..................................................................................17 1. Noise .............................................................................................................................17 2. Chemicals ......................................................................................................................17 Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition i Table of Contents 3. Bedding .........................................................................................................................17 4. Population Density and Space Limitations ....................................................................18 C. MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL ............................................................................................18 D. CHEMICAL AND RADIOISOTOPE UNITS .............................................................................18 E. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................18 IV. FARM ANIMAL FACILITIES AND ENVIRONMENT .............................................19 V. LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE ............................................................................20 A. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................20 B. GENERAL PRACTICES ........................................................................................................20 1. Reception ......................................................................................................................20 2. Conditioning/Quarantine ................................................................................................20 3. Holding (Maintenance) ..................................................................................................20 4. Identification and Records .............................................................................................21 C. CARE OF THE ANIMAL .........................................................................................................21 1. Food ..............................................................................................................................21 2. Water .............................................................................................................................21 3. Exercise .........................................................................................................................21 D. CARE OF THE FACILITY ......................................................................................................22 1. Cleaning and Sanitation ................................................................................................22 2. Waste Disposal..............................................................................................................22 3. Vermin Control ...............................................................................................................22 4. Holiday and Emergency Care .......................................................................................22 VI. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL REQUIREMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS ..................................................................................23 A. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................23 1. What is Animal Well-being or Welfare? .........................................................................23 2. Environmental Enrichment ............................................................................................24 3. Group Formation ...........................................................................................................24 4. Position Statement ........................................................................................................25 B. ANIMALS USED IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ...............................................................26 C. ANIMALS (LARGE) HELD IN METABOLISM CAGES ............................................................26 1. Conditioning ..................................................................................................................26 2. Size of Metabolism Crates ............................................................................................27 3. Contact with Other Animals ...........................................................................................27 4. Pre-, During and Post-Experiment Checks ...................................................................27 5. Observing Changes in Behaviour ..................................................................................27
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