2010 44Th Congress, Uppsala, Sweden
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A Bestiary of the Arts
LA LETTRE ACADEMIE DES BEAUX-ARTS A BESTIARY OF THE ARTS 89 Issue 89 Spring 2019 Editorial • page 2 News: Annual Public Meeting of the Five Academies News: Installations under the Coupole: Adrien Goetz and Jacques Perrin News: Formal Session of the Académie des beaux-arts • pages 3 to 7 Editorial The magnificent Exhibition: “Oriental Visions: Cynocephalus adorning the cover of this edition of From Dreams into Light” La Lettre emanates a feeling of peaceful strength Musée Marmottan Monet true to the personality of its author, Pierre-Yves • pages 8 and 9 File: Trémois, the oldest member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts after being elected to Paul Lemangy’s “A bestiary of the arts” seat on 8 February 1978. • pages 10 to 34 Through the insatiable curiosity and astounding energy that he brings to the table at the age of News: “Concerts for a seat” ninety-eight, Pierre-Yves Trémois shows us Elections: Jean-Michel Othoniel, the extent to which artistic creation can be Marc Barani, Bernard Desmoulin, regenerative, especially when it is not seeking to conform to any passing trend. News: The Cabinet des estampes de la In May 2017 we elected forty-three year-old composer Bruno Mantovani to Jean bibliothèque de l’Institut Prodromidès’ seat. Tribute: Jean Cortot Watching the two passionately converse about art, we realized that the half • pages 35 to 37 century separating them was of no importance. The Académie des Beaux-Arts is known for the immense aesthetic diversity Press release: “Antônio Carlos Jobim, running throughout its different sections. highly-elaborate popular music” This reality is in stark contrast with academicism. -
In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019)
Conductual In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019) In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019)1, Robert Ian Bowers2 Published under the CC BY licence Bill Timberlake was spry at seventy. Although he held the presence of someone who had lived for centuries, he stood straight and strong. Yet, just a few years later, weakened by a progressive, terminal disease, Timberlake took a bad fall, from which he would never recover. William D. Timberlake (19 November 1942-17 October 2019) earned his PhD in experimental psychology at University of Michigan in 1969 under the supervision of David Birch. He joined the Indiana University psychology faculty the same year, where he remained for the rest of his career (see Arnet, 2019, for a biography). Timberlake will be remembered for many achievements. He conducted important work in a wide variety of areas related to the behaviour of animals, including behavioural economics, contrast effects, spatial cognition, adjunctive behaviour, time horizons, and circadian entrainment of feeding and drug use. By 1983, he had published two influential theories, and a wealth of data supporting them. The earlier of these theories, his disequilibrium approach to reinforcement, has been known by various names, at various stages of development: behaviour regulation theory, response deprivation theory, molar equilibrium theory, and disequilibrium theory (Timberlake & Allison, 1974; Timberlake & Wozny, 1979; Timberlake, 1980; Hanson & Timberlake, 1983; for an updated introduction, see Jacobs, et al., 2019). The disequilibrium approach involves a shift in conceptualisation of reinforcement: reinforcement is attributed not to environmental stimuli, but to constrained behaviours. Given the centrality of reinforcement in mainstream views--a notion not updated since Thorndike (1911) decreed his Law of Effect--this meant a shift in bedrock. -
The Function of Greetings Between Male Guinea Baboons
Ethology 109, 847—859 (2003) Ó 2003 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin ISSN 0179–1613 Primate Rituals: The Function of Greetings between Male Guinea Baboons Jessica C. Whitham & Dario Maestripieri Animal Behavior Research Group, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract The bond-testing hypothesis suggests that social animals can obtain honest information about the quality of their dyadic relationships by exchanging costly, high-risksignals (Zahavi & Zahavi 1997). We evaluated this hypothesis by investigating whether adult male baboons use intense greeting interactions to test the quality and strength of their social bonds. Intense greetings involve intimate and risky behaviors such as embracing and the diddling of the penis and/or scrotum. Data were collected on a colony of 40 Guinea baboons (Papio papio)at the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. Fifteen adult male baboons were focally observed for 30-min sessions over a 6-mo period, resulting in 195 h of observation. We assessed the quality of male–male relationships using measures of affiliation, aggression, and social tolerance. As predicted by the bond-testing hypothesis, dyads with strong social bonds exchanged a higher frequency of intense greetings than did pairs with poor relationships. We found no support for the competing hypotheses, that suggest that greetings have an aggressive or submissive function or are used as a form of post-conflict reconciliatory behavior. Neither dominance relationships nor contextual variables were predictive of intense greeting patterns. We suggest that by imposing on his partner, a male baboon is able to obtain reliable information about this individual’s current willingness to cooperate and invest in the relationship. -
(CCAC) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume
Canadian Council on Animal Care Conseil canadien de protection des animaux Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume 1, 2nd Edition Sections of this document that have been revised are replaced by links to the relevant documents. The remaining sections are undergoing revision; however, they will continue to be used for CCAC assessments until revised guidelines are published. Editors Dr E.D. Olfert Dr B.M. Cross Mrs A.A. McWilliam Director Asssistant Director Information Officer Animal Resources Centre Animal Resources Centre Canadian Council on Animal Care University of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan 1000-151 Slater Street Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 S7N 0W0 S7N 0W0 In keeping with the CCAC policy of revising statements and guidelines as needed, users of this Guide are encouraged to forward any comments to the Secretariat. Citing certain devices or manufacturers is not to be perceived as the endorsement of the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) of one particular product over another. Publication Date: 1993 Revision Date: April 2020 © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 1993 ISBN: 0-919087-18-3 Canadian Council on Animal Care 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800 Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2R3 http://www.ccac.ca Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................1 PREFACE.........................................................................................................................2 -
Integrating Behaviour Into Wildlife Conservation: the Multiple Ways That Behaviour Can Reduce Ne Laura L
Biological Conservation 95 (2000) 303±315 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Integrating behaviour into wildlife conservation: the multiple ways that behaviour can reduce Ne Laura L. Anthony a, Daniel T. Blumstein a,b,c,* aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia bDepartment of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia cThe Cooperative Research Centre for the Conservation and Management of Marsupials, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia Received 10 June 1999; received in revised form 19 August 1999; accepted 16 October 1999 Abstract There has been a recent interest in integrating an understanding of behaviour into conservation biology. Unfortunately, there has been no paradigm for such a process. Without a clear framework for integration, conservation biologists may have diculties recognising how behavioural knowledge can help solve real-world conservation problems. Eective population size (Ne) is a key demographic parameter used to understand population viability. A variety of behaviours and behavioural traits impact Ne, yet their importance for conservation is under-appreciated. We suggest that identifying behavioural traits that aect Ne provides a paradigm for integrating behavioural biology into conservation biology. Behaviour can aect Ne through at least three dierent mechanisms: reducing N Ð the population size; reducing r Ð the population growth rate, and/or by increasing reproductive skew. We discuss how nine common behavioural traits can reduce Ne, and suggest how an understanding of these traits may inform management of both free-living and captive animals. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Behaviour and conservation; Eective population size; Population viability 1. Introduction knowledge of animal behaviour to conservation pro- blems, there is no clear framework to help conservation Conservation biology is a crisis discipline aimed at biologists identify the speci®c cases when they should be saving biodiversity (Soule , 1986). -
COMMUNICATION in TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Karen Mccomb & David
COMMUNICATION IN TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Karen McComb & David Reby Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, BRIGHTON BN1 9QH, UK. Introduction Research on vocal communication in terrestrial mammals had until recently lagged behind work on birds and anurans (frogs and toads), perhaps because of the greater difficulty of recording, analyzing and playing back acoustically more complex signals to animals who are usually free-ranging and difficult to confine for experimental purposes. One exception is the non-human primates, which have received intense scrutiny because of their shared ancestry with humans. Although primates can be classified as terrestrial mammals, we will not attempt to comprehensively cover research on this group here (much of this is presented in other chapters of the encyclopedia) but rather focus on the other terrestrial mammals, where advances in research techniques (enabled by the revolution in digital technology) are now beginning to yield interesting results. Research on these mammals integrates study at several levels of investigation, including the functional anatomy of the vocal apparatus, the acoustic structure of the calls, the context of their emission and their relationship and co-evolution with the social structures and reproductive strategies of the animals that give them. As a consequence, research in this area now uses a range of methods and tools, including anatomical investigation, sound analyses and re-synthesis and playback experiments. While mammalian vocal communication is qualitatively different from human speech, humans are also mammals and our mechanisms of vocal production are largely shared. This means that a common framework for understanding the structure and evolution of mammal vocalizations already exists, the source- filter theory of voice production. -
ISAE 2014.Pdf
edited by: Inma Estevez, Xavier Manteca, Raul H. Marin and Xavier Averós Applied ethology 2014: Moving on ISAE2014 Proceedings of the 48th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology 29 July – 2 August 2014, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Moving on edited by: Inma Estevez Xavier Manteca Raul H. Marin Xavier Averós Wageningen Academic Publishers Buy a print copy of this book at: www.WageningenAcademic.com/ISAE2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher: Wageningen Academic Publishers P.O. Box 220 EAN: 9789086862450 6700 AE Wageningen e-EAN: 9789086867974 The Netherlands ISBN: 978-90-8686-245-0 www.WageningenAcademic.com e-ISBN: 978-90-8686-797-4 [email protected] DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-797-4 The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain First published, 2014 the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible © Wageningen Academic Publishers damages, which could be a result of content The Netherlands, 2014 derived from this publication. Welcome to the 48th Congress of the ISAE What makes science most exciting is not how much you know, but how much you can still learn, widening the possibilities of exploring new horizons. In this learning process diversity of experiences, exposure to new ideas, concepts or methodologies enrich and expand our capacity for innovation. -
Effects of Predictability on the Welfare of Captive Animals§ Lois Bassett, Hannah M
Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102 (2007) 223–245 www.elsevier.com/locate/applanim Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals§ Lois Bassett, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith * Scottish Primate Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom Available online 30 June 2006 Abstract Variations in the predictability of a stressor have pronounced effects on the behavioural and physio- logical effects of stress in rats. It is reasonable to expect that variations in the predictability of husbandry routines thought to be aversive to animals might have similar effects on stress indices. Similarly, variations in the predictability of positive events, of which feeding is an obvious example, may affect welfare. This review examines the behavioural and physiological effects of the predictability of aversive and appetitive stimuli, and the application of experimental findings to animal husbandry in practice. It is argued here that two distinct but overlapping types of predictability exist. ‘Temporal’ predictability describes whether an event occurs at fixed or variable intervals, whereas ‘signalled’ predictability relates to the reliability of a signal preceding the event. This review examines the effects of each of these types of predictability in relation to positively and negatively perceived events, and examines the link between predictability and control. Recommendations are made for relatively simple and inexpensive modifications to husbandry routines that may be easy to incorporate into the schedules of busy staff yet could have a profound impact on the welfare of animals in their care. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Animal welfare; Control; Husbandry routines; Signalled predictability; Temporal predictability 1. -
Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus Caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks Island, NC
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Summer 8-4-2011 Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks island, NC Jessa Madosky University of New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Madosky, Jessa, "Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks island, NC" (2011). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 450. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/450 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks island, NC A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conservation Biology by Jessa Madosky B.S. -
Role of the Elephant Pinna in Hearing
628 ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 30, 2 198A (Lighthill 1952). Because of the effects of the half-muting Lighthill, M. J. 1952. Oq sound generated aerodynami- operation on the quality of courtship song, we surmise cally. I. General theory. Proc. Roy. Soc. A., 211, that G. chopardi makes use of both of these variables to -564-587. - . - - . produce both hisses and whistles with the same pair of Masters, W. M. 1980. Insect disturbance stridulation: spiracles. The courtship whistles of half-muted males are characterization of airborne and vibrational com- consistently higher in frequency (by p to 1 kHz) than ponents of the sound. J. comp. Physiol., 135, the same males' pre-operative whisJes; they are also 259-263. interrupted frequently by brief lapses into broad-band Nelson, M. C. 1979. Sound production in the cockroach, noise. If males have a fixed motor programme for the Gromphadorhina portentosa : the sound-producing abdominal compression that forces air through the apparatus. J. comp. Physiol., 132, 27-38. tracheal horn, the rate of air flow should be higher than Nelson, M. C. & Fraser, J. 1980. Sound production in the normal through the single spiracle that is capable of cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa: evidence opening, causing a shift toward a higher frequency in the for communication by hissing. Behav. Ecol. resulting sound. If whistles are produced with the valve Sociobiol., 6, 305-314. partly closed and hisses are produced with the valve fully Pipher, R. D. & Morris, G. K. 1974. Frequency modu- open, the higher rate of flow in half muted males might lation in Conocephalus nigropleurum, the Black- well lead to an occasional 'blow-out' of the valve, ~idedmeadow katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). -
Rodent Societies
Chapter 23 Nonparental Infanticide Luis A. Ebensperger and Daniel T. Blumstein Male marmot 100 moved into the Grass Group. Male 69 siops truncatus, Patterson et al. 1998), giant otters (Ptero- seemed to oppose 100’s sudden entry, but the females of the nura brasiliensis, Mourão and Carvalho 2001), hippos group appeared to accept 100. Before male 100 moved in (Hippopotamus amphibius, Lewison 1998), plains zebras there were 9 healthy marmot pups crawling around the Grass (Equus burchelli, Pluhácˇek and Bartosˇ 2000), sportive le- Group’s main burrows. Within two weeks there was one in- murs (Lepilemur edwarsi, Rasoloharijaona et al. 2000), and jured marmot pup limping around—apparently avoiding mar- suricates (Suricata suricatta, Clutton-Brock et al. 1998). mot 100. The injured pup did not survive hibernation. (Blum- Infanticide has been noted in the wild or under labora- stein 1993:14) tory conditions in two species of hystricognath rodents and 35 species of sciurognath rodents (table 23.1). Despite the A female invaded an adjacent coterie territory and entered a difficulty of observing and quantifying infanticide in these burrow containing a recently emerged, healthy juvenile. The typically semifossorial and often nocturnal species, we know marauder emerged 5 minutes later with a distinctly bloody face, a considerable amount about the proximate regulation, evo- and then showed licking the front claws [behavior]. Several lution, and function of infanticide in rodents. Understand- minutes later the disoriented juvenile emerged with fresh, se- ing the causes and consequences of infanticide in rodents vere wounds on the face and neck. The juvenile disappeared a provides a basis for developing and testing alternative hy- few days later. -
The New Anthropomorphism John S
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41064-9 - The New Anthropomorphism John S. Kennedy Index More information REFERENCES AND CITATION INDEX Page numbers in square brackets at the ends of references indicate citations in the text. Able, K. P. 1980. Mechanisms of orientation, navigation, and homing. Pp. 284-373 in Gauthreaux. [Pp. 61, 65] Alcock, J. 1979. Animal behavior: an evolutionary approach. 2nd Edn. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. [Pp. 39, 49, 50] Allen, G. E. 1978. Life science in the twentieth century. 2nd Edn. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. [P. 124] 1983. The several faces of Darwinism: materialism in nineteenth and twentieth century evolutionary theory. Pp. 81-102 in Bendall. [P. 124] Amsel, A. 1989. Behaviorism, neobehaviorism and cognitivism in learning theory: historical and contemporary perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ. [Pp. 2, 104] Anderson, J. R. 1984. Monkeys with mirrors: some questions for primate psychology. International Journal of Primatology 5, 81-97. [P. 106] Anderson, P. W. 1972. More in different. Science 177, 393-6. [Pp. 105, 124] Andrew, R. J. 1956. Some remarks on behaviour in conflict situations, with special reference to Emben\a spp. British Journal of Animal Behaviour 4, 85-91. [P. 136] 1972. The information potentially available in mammal displays. In Hinde (Ed.). [P. 136] Anon. 1991. Guidelines for the use of animals in research. Animal Behaviour 41, 183—6. [P. 122] Armstrong, E. A. 1950. The nature and function of displacement activities. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 4, 361-84. [P. 138] Asquith, P. J. 1984. The inevitability and utility of anthropomorphism in description of primate behaviour.