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Are Male Orangutans a Threat to Infants? Evidence of Mother–Offspring Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus Wurmbii)
Are Male Orangutans a Threat to Infants? Evidence of Mother–Offspring Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Amy M. Scott, Cheryl D. Knott & Tri Wahyu Susanto International Journal of Primatology The Official Journal of the International Primatological Society ISSN 0164-0291 Int J Primatol DOI 10.1007/s10764-019-00097-8 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self- archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy International Journal of Primatology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-019-00097-8 Are Male Orangutans a Threat to Infants? Evidence of Mother–Offspring Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Amy M. Scott, et al. [full author details at the end of the article] Received: 25 March 2019 /Accepted: 2 April 2019/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Sexually selected infanticide by males is widespread in primates. -
A Bestiary of the Arts
LA LETTRE ACADEMIE DES BEAUX-ARTS A BESTIARY OF THE ARTS 89 Issue 89 Spring 2019 Editorial • page 2 News: Annual Public Meeting of the Five Academies News: Installations under the Coupole: Adrien Goetz and Jacques Perrin News: Formal Session of the Académie des beaux-arts • pages 3 to 7 Editorial The magnificent Exhibition: “Oriental Visions: Cynocephalus adorning the cover of this edition of From Dreams into Light” La Lettre emanates a feeling of peaceful strength Musée Marmottan Monet true to the personality of its author, Pierre-Yves • pages 8 and 9 File: Trémois, the oldest member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts after being elected to Paul Lemangy’s “A bestiary of the arts” seat on 8 February 1978. • pages 10 to 34 Through the insatiable curiosity and astounding energy that he brings to the table at the age of News: “Concerts for a seat” ninety-eight, Pierre-Yves Trémois shows us Elections: Jean-Michel Othoniel, the extent to which artistic creation can be Marc Barani, Bernard Desmoulin, regenerative, especially when it is not seeking to conform to any passing trend. News: The Cabinet des estampes de la In May 2017 we elected forty-three year-old composer Bruno Mantovani to Jean bibliothèque de l’Institut Prodromidès’ seat. Tribute: Jean Cortot Watching the two passionately converse about art, we realized that the half • pages 35 to 37 century separating them was of no importance. The Académie des Beaux-Arts is known for the immense aesthetic diversity Press release: “Antônio Carlos Jobim, running throughout its different sections. highly-elaborate popular music” This reality is in stark contrast with academicism. -
Iciumv LEADERS in ANIMAL BEHAVIOR the Second Generation
UO1BJ3U3D iciumv LEADERS IN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR The Second Generation Edited by Lee C. Drickamer Northern Arizona University Donald A. Dewsbury University of Florida CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 13 Myths, monkeys, and motherhood: a compromising life SARAH BLAFFER HRDY Definition of an Anthropologist: "(Someone) who studies human nature in all its diversity." Carmelo Lison-Tolosana (1966) Maternal effects (1946-64) From a young age, I was interested in why humans do what they do. With little exposure to science, certainly no inkling that there might be people in the world who studied other animals in order to better understand our species, I decided to become a novelist. Born in Leaders in Animal Behavior: The Setond Generation, ed. L. C. Drickamcr & D. A. Dewsbury. Published by Cambridge University Press. CO Cambridge University Press 2010. 344 Sarah Bluffer Hrdy Texas in 1946, right at the start of the postwar baby boom, I was the third of five children - Speedway. Prevailin four daughters and finally the long-awaited son. My father's father, R. L. Blaffer, had come segregation, and pi to Texas from Hamburg via New Orleans in 1901 at the time oil was discovered at interested in the e1 Spindletop. He recognized that fortunes would be made in the oil business. He married inheritance, female Sarah Campbell from Lampasas, whose father was in that business. I was named for her, the women's moven Sarah Campbell Blaffer II. My mother's father's ancestors, the Hardins, French Huguenots Reared by a suo from Tennessee, arrived earlier, in 1825, before Texas was even a state. -
The Function of Greetings Between Male Guinea Baboons
Ethology 109, 847—859 (2003) Ó 2003 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin ISSN 0179–1613 Primate Rituals: The Function of Greetings between Male Guinea Baboons Jessica C. Whitham & Dario Maestripieri Animal Behavior Research Group, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract The bond-testing hypothesis suggests that social animals can obtain honest information about the quality of their dyadic relationships by exchanging costly, high-risksignals (Zahavi & Zahavi 1997). We evaluated this hypothesis by investigating whether adult male baboons use intense greeting interactions to test the quality and strength of their social bonds. Intense greetings involve intimate and risky behaviors such as embracing and the diddling of the penis and/or scrotum. Data were collected on a colony of 40 Guinea baboons (Papio papio)at the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. Fifteen adult male baboons were focally observed for 30-min sessions over a 6-mo period, resulting in 195 h of observation. We assessed the quality of male–male relationships using measures of affiliation, aggression, and social tolerance. As predicted by the bond-testing hypothesis, dyads with strong social bonds exchanged a higher frequency of intense greetings than did pairs with poor relationships. We found no support for the competing hypotheses, that suggest that greetings have an aggressive or submissive function or are used as a form of post-conflict reconciliatory behavior. Neither dominance relationships nor contextual variables were predictive of intense greeting patterns. We suggest that by imposing on his partner, a male baboon is able to obtain reliable information about this individual’s current willingness to cooperate and invest in the relationship. -
Program for Andrew D
Program for Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large ANNUAL REPORT to the Faculty Senate Summary of the 2010-2011 Academic Year Part 1: Overview of Committee Activities and Achievements Changes in Committee Membership The Program for Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large (PAL) held three meetings of the Selection Committee during the 2010-2011 academic year, on Tuesday, October 5 and Monday, December 13, 2010, and on March 17, 2011. The new Program Chair, Robert Raguso (Neurobiology and Behavior) began his three-year term, replacing Steven Strogatz (Applied Math). Barbara Knuth (Natural Resources) succeeded Sunny Power as the Dean of the Graduate School and Vice Provost as an ex officio member of the Selection Committee. Also, Maria Fernandez (History of Art), David Feldshuh (Theatre, Film and Dance), and Natalie Mahowald (Earth and Atmospheric Science) joined the committee as new members—also for three-year terms. Professor-at-Large Visitors and New Nominations There was a total of 17 PALs with active six-year terms during the 2010-2011 academic year. Four PALs visited Cornell this year, including Hélène Cixous (Humanities – Feminist Theory), Jeffrey McNeely (Life Sciences - Conservation), Lowery Stokes Sims (Arts – Africana Studies) and Denise Riley (Humanities – Literature & Philosophy). Lowery Stokes Sims, who visited in April, 2011, completed her tenure as an A.D. White Professor-at-Large in June 2011, as did Natalie Angier, providing space for two new nominations. Angier held the sole title of President’s Council for Cornell Women (PCCW) A.D. White Professor-at-Large. The Call for Nominations 2011 was distributed to Cornell faculty through bulk email in October, following the traditional timeline for nomination submissions and final selections. -
Light from Underground
book reviews books like this one will tell us, very enjoyably, that there is work to be done. I New in paperback Jeremy Gray is in the Department of Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. Constructing Quarks: A Sociological Nature Wars: People Vs. Pests History of Particle Physics by Mark L. Winston More on numbers by Andrew Pickering Harvard University Press, $15.95, £9.95 What is Random? Chance and Order in University of Chicago Press, $26, £18.50 Mathematics and Life The Handicap Principle: by Edward Beltrami Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the A Missing Piece of Darwin’s Springer, $22, £15.50 Liveliest Disputes Ever Puzzle by Hal Hellman by Amotz & Avishag Zahavi Imaginary Numbers: An Anthology of Wiley, $15.95, £9.99 Oxford University Press, £11.99, $16.95 Marvelous Mathematical Stories, Diversions, Poems, and Musings Science As A Way of Knowing: Consilience: The Unity of edited by William Frucht The Foundations of Knowledge Wiley, $27.95, £22.50 Modern Biology by Edward O. Wilson by John A. Moore Abacus, £8.99, $14 Harvard University Press, $18.95, £11.95 The Woman That Never Evolved Warmth Disperses and Time Passes: by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy Light from The History of Heat Harvard University Press, $16.95, £10.50 by Hans Christian von Baeyer underground Random House, $13.95, £11.99 Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Mosaic Evolution of Subterranean Cognitive Sociology Mammals: Regression, The Gospel of Germs: Men, by Eviatar Zerubavel Progression and Global Women and the Microbe Harvard University Press, $15.95, £9.95 Convergence in Modern Life by Eviatar Nevo by Nancy Tomes Blind Watchers of the Sky Oxford University Press: 1999. -
Experimental Removal of Sexual Selection Reverses Intersexual Antagonistic Coevolution and Removes a Reproductive Load
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 5083–5088, April 1999 Evolution Experimental removal of sexual selection reverses intersexual antagonistic coevolution and removes a reproductive load BRETT HOLLAND* AND WILLIAM R. RICE Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Communicated by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, University of California, Davis, CA, February 8, 1999 (received for review December 14, 1998) ABSTRACT Although sexual selection can provide bene- We replaced the naturally promiscuous mating system of D. fits to both sexes, it also can be costly because of expanded melanogaster with enforced monogamy and random mate opportunities for intersexual conflict. We evaluated the role of assignment in replicate populations. This treatment removes sexual selection in a naturally promiscuous species, Drosophila the opportunity for both intersexual and intrasexual selection. melanogaster. In two replicate populations, sexual selection Therefore, we expected that natural selection would favor was removed through enforced monogamous mating with those individuals who are less harmful to their mate, indicating random mate assignment or retained in promiscuous con- the variety and strength of conflicts that remained in the trols. Monogamous mating constrains the reproductive suc- promiscuous control populations. cess of mates to be identical, thereby converting prior conflicts The treatment and control populations were given the between mates into opportunities for mutualism. Random opportunity to diverge for 32 generations before we began a mate assignment removes the opportunity for females to series of assays. We measured the level of male-induced harm choose beneficial qualities in their mate. The mating treat- to females, as well as changes in specific male traits that were ments were maintained for 47 generations, and evolution was expected a priori to have contributed to a reduction of allowed to proceed naturally within the parameters of the male-induced harm. -
What, If Anything, Is a Darwinian Anthropology?
JONATHAN MARKS What, if anything, is a Darwinian anthropology? Not too many years ago, I was scanning the job advertisements in anthropology and stumbled upon one for a faculty post in a fairly distinguished department in California. The ad specified that they were looking for someone who ‘studied culture from an evolutionary perspective’. I was struck by that, because it seemed to me that the alternative would be a creationist perspective, and I had never heard of anyone in this century who did that. Obviously my initial reading was incorrect. That department specifically wanted someone with a particular methodological and ideo- logical orientation; ‘evolutionary perspective’ was there as a code for something else. It has fascinated me for a number of years that Darwin stands as a very powerful symbol in biology. On the one hand, he represents the progressive aspect of science in its perpetual struggle against the perceived oppressive forces of Christianity (Larson 1997); and on the other, he represents as well the prevailing stodgy and stultified scientific orthodoxy against which any new bold and original theory must cast itself (Gould 1980). Proponents of the neutral theory (King and Jukes 1969) or of punctuated equilibria (Eldredge 1985) represented themselves as Darwinists to the outside worlds, and as anti-Darwinists to the inside world. Thus, Darwinism can be both the new and improved ideology you should bring home today, and is also the superseded Brand X ideology. That is indeed a powerful metaphor, to represent something as well as its opposite. Curiously, nobody ever told me in my scientific training that scientific progress was somehow predicated on the development of powerful metaphors. -
(CCAC) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume
Canadian Council on Animal Care Conseil canadien de protection des animaux Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume 1, 2nd Edition Sections of this document that have been revised are replaced by links to the relevant documents. The remaining sections are undergoing revision; however, they will continue to be used for CCAC assessments until revised guidelines are published. Editors Dr E.D. Olfert Dr B.M. Cross Mrs A.A. McWilliam Director Asssistant Director Information Officer Animal Resources Centre Animal Resources Centre Canadian Council on Animal Care University of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan 1000-151 Slater Street Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 S7N 0W0 S7N 0W0 In keeping with the CCAC policy of revising statements and guidelines as needed, users of this Guide are encouraged to forward any comments to the Secretariat. Citing certain devices or manufacturers is not to be perceived as the endorsement of the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) of one particular product over another. Publication Date: 1993 Revision Date: April 2020 © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 1993 ISBN: 0-919087-18-3 Canadian Council on Animal Care 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800 Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2R3 http://www.ccac.ca Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................1 PREFACE.........................................................................................................................2 -
Integrating Behaviour Into Wildlife Conservation: the Multiple Ways That Behaviour Can Reduce Ne Laura L
Biological Conservation 95 (2000) 303±315 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Integrating behaviour into wildlife conservation: the multiple ways that behaviour can reduce Ne Laura L. Anthony a, Daniel T. Blumstein a,b,c,* aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia bDepartment of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia cThe Cooperative Research Centre for the Conservation and Management of Marsupials, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia Received 10 June 1999; received in revised form 19 August 1999; accepted 16 October 1999 Abstract There has been a recent interest in integrating an understanding of behaviour into conservation biology. Unfortunately, there has been no paradigm for such a process. Without a clear framework for integration, conservation biologists may have diculties recognising how behavioural knowledge can help solve real-world conservation problems. Eective population size (Ne) is a key demographic parameter used to understand population viability. A variety of behaviours and behavioural traits impact Ne, yet their importance for conservation is under-appreciated. We suggest that identifying behavioural traits that aect Ne provides a paradigm for integrating behavioural biology into conservation biology. Behaviour can aect Ne through at least three dierent mechanisms: reducing N Ð the population size; reducing r Ð the population growth rate, and/or by increasing reproductive skew. We discuss how nine common behavioural traits can reduce Ne, and suggest how an understanding of these traits may inform management of both free-living and captive animals. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Behaviour and conservation; Eective population size; Population viability 1. Introduction knowledge of animal behaviour to conservation pro- blems, there is no clear framework to help conservation Conservation biology is a crisis discipline aimed at biologists identify the speci®c cases when they should be saving biodiversity (Soule , 1986). -
COMMUNICATION in TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Karen Mccomb & David
COMMUNICATION IN TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Karen McComb & David Reby Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, BRIGHTON BN1 9QH, UK. Introduction Research on vocal communication in terrestrial mammals had until recently lagged behind work on birds and anurans (frogs and toads), perhaps because of the greater difficulty of recording, analyzing and playing back acoustically more complex signals to animals who are usually free-ranging and difficult to confine for experimental purposes. One exception is the non-human primates, which have received intense scrutiny because of their shared ancestry with humans. Although primates can be classified as terrestrial mammals, we will not attempt to comprehensively cover research on this group here (much of this is presented in other chapters of the encyclopedia) but rather focus on the other terrestrial mammals, where advances in research techniques (enabled by the revolution in digital technology) are now beginning to yield interesting results. Research on these mammals integrates study at several levels of investigation, including the functional anatomy of the vocal apparatus, the acoustic structure of the calls, the context of their emission and their relationship and co-evolution with the social structures and reproductive strategies of the animals that give them. As a consequence, research in this area now uses a range of methods and tools, including anatomical investigation, sound analyses and re-synthesis and playback experiments. While mammalian vocal communication is qualitatively different from human speech, humans are also mammals and our mechanisms of vocal production are largely shared. This means that a common framework for understanding the structure and evolution of mammal vocalizations already exists, the source- filter theory of voice production. -
Book of Abstracts
Dr. John Miller (University of Sheffield) Animals, Capital, Literature and the Victorians: Writing the Fur Trade The difference between what we think of as ‘animal’ and what we think of as ‘human’ is routinely conceptualised as a fullness on the side of the human against a poverty on the side of the animal. In response, animal studies, in its emergence over the last twenty years or so, has set about dismantling this crude logic and broadening the scope of humanities research to include the nonhuman. Although at this juncture of the twenty first century, animal studies has the status of an emerging field of study, many of its central concerns are significant ingredients of nineteenth-century thought. Evolutionary theory radically destabilised entrenched ideas of human–animal difference; animal advocacy flowered, through the work of the RSPCA, the vegetarian society and the humanitarian League amongst others; the connections of discourses of species to discourses of race, class and gender became increasingly clear, and increasingly subject to debate, as the century progressed. At the same time, the use of animal bodies in a developing commodity culture accelerated to a remarkable degree, marking the Victorian period, in particular, as an era of extraordinary violence. This paper explores one of the most disturbing examples of this objectification of animal life: the global fur trade. I am interested especially in the ways in which literary fiction both bolstered and contested the conceptions of value behind the fur trade’s commodifying processes. How, I ask, do literature and capital entwine in the imagining of animals as resources to be consumed? Simone Rebora (Università di Verona) “It’s as semper as oxhousehumper!” James Joyce’s animalisation of the human Few animals can be met through the works of James Joyce.