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INSTITUTE for LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH Nonprofit INSTITUTE for LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH Organization U.S ILAR Journal INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH Nonprofit INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH Organization U.S. Postage Paid Hanover, PA 17331 ILAR Permit #4 JOURNAL Proceedings of the Symposium on Animal Welfare and Scientific Research: 1985 to 2010 and Scientific Research: Welfare of the Symposium on Animal Proceedings • 2011 pp 417-566 52 • Supplement Volume Address Correction Requested 2011 Volume 52 SupplementILAR T Remove from list T Change as shown Detach corrected address label and mail to ILAR at address inside front cover JOURNAL In This Issue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Animal Welfare and Scientific Research: 1985 to 2010 ILAR Council Floyd E. Bloom, Chairman Timo Olavi Nevalainen Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience National Laboratory Animal Center Department University of Eastern Finland Scripps Research Institute Kuopio, Finland La Jolla, CA Steven M. Niemi Kathryn A. Bayne Center for Comparative Medicine Association for Assessment Massachusetts General Hospital and Accreditation of Laboratory Charlestown, MA Animal Care International Frederick, MD Melinda A. Novak Department of Psychology Myrtle Davis University of Massachusetts National Cancer Institute Amherst, MA ILAR Journal Editorial Board National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD Menelas Pangalos Myrtle Davis, Editor in Chief Innovative Medicine Nelson L. Garnett Nelson L. Garnett AstraZeneca Consultant, Laboratory Animal Care and Daniel S. Marsman Alderley Park, UK Melinda A. Novak Use Programs Vass, NC Bernard E. Rollin Colorado State University Issue Editor Judy A. MacArthur Clark Fort Collins, CO Susan B. Silk Animals Scientific Procedures Inspectorate London, UK James A. Roth Managing Editor Daniel S. Marsman College of Veterinary Medicine Cameron H. Fletcher Personal Health/Feminine Care Safety Iowa State University Procter & Gamble Ames, IA ILAR Staff Mason, OH Frances E. Sharples, Acting Director Garry Neil Lida Anestidou, Senior Program Officer Corporate Office of Science and Technology Cameron H. Fletcher, Senior Editor Johnson & Johnson Jason Worthy, Senior Program Assistant New Brunswick, NJ ILAR Journal is the quarterly, peer-reviewed publication of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001; Tel: 202­ 334-2590; Fax: 202-334-1687; E-mail: [email protected]; URL: www.nationalacademies.org/ilar. Membership in the ILAR Associates Program includes four issues of ILAR Journal per year. Subscribe: Online at www.nationalacademies.org/ilar, or contact ILAR for more information. Online Access: Articles are available online 6 months after publication, free of charge. Single Copy Sales: ILAR Journal issues can be purchased online in hard copy. Reprints: To order reprints, go to the ILAR Journal homepage, download the Reprint Order Form, and follow submission instructions. Permissions: Permission to use or reprint text or figures is granted for educational or research purposes only. Please ensure the high quality of the repro­ duction and include a credit line to identify the article as an original publication in ILAR Journal. The credit line should appear as follows: “Reprinted with permission from ILAR Journal, (include Volume and Issue Number), Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street NW, Washington DC 20001 (www.nationalacademies.org/ilar).” Indexing: ILAR Journal is indexed by AGRICOLA, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Thomson Scientific (in Current Contents®/Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences; Current Contents®/Life Sciences; Focus On: Veterinary Science & Medicine; and Science Citation Index Expanded [also known as SciSearch®]). ILAR Journal ISSN 1084-2020 Volume 52, Supplement, 2011 Copyright 2011 by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. 2011 Volume 52, Supplemental issue Proceedings of the Symposium on Animal Welfare and Scientifi c Research: 1985 to 2010 417 Symposium Welcome Patricia Brown and Chester Gibson 419 Introduction: By Ladies and Gentlemen, for Ladies and Gentlemen Nelson Garnett 422 Animal Housing Facilities: Session Introduction Taylor Bennett 423 Where We Came From Betty Goldentyer and Christian Newcomer 427 How We Got There Lauretta Gerrity 428 Animal Facility Improvement Project Funding Willie McCullough 430 Where We Are Today Steven Leary 432 Animal Housing Facilities: Discussion 434 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees: Session Introduction James Taylor 434 Formative Years Ralph Dell 436 The IACUC’s Impact on Advancing Best Practices and the Three Rs Kathryn Bayne 439 The Future: Continuing IACUC Challenges Jerry Collins 442 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees: Discussion 445 Education and Training: Session Introduction Mary Lou James 446 Conmed: The First Educational Forum Steele Mattingly 448 The Role of Education in Self-Evaluation Susan Silk 450 Education and Training: Discussion 451 Veterinary Care: Session Introduction Patricia Brown 452 Veterinary Care: Where We Were Gerald Van Hoosier 453 Current Standard of Care and Technologies: Nonrodents Michael Talcott 458 Current Standard of Care and Technologies: Rodents William White 463 Improving Animal Housing and Welfare Brian Hare 468 Veterinary Care: Discussion 469 Synergy of Working Together Dale Schwindaman and John Miller 473 Synergy of Working Together: Discussion 474 Keynote Address: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants Charles McCarthy 479 Refl ections on IRAC and the US Government Principles Robert Whitney and Thomas Wolfl e 482 Perspectives of PHS Funding Agencies: Session Introduction Susan Silk 482 Use of Animals in NIH-Supported Biomedical Research Sally Rockey 484 Global Impact of Animal Research on Infectious Diseases: A CDC Perspective Tanja Popovic 488 Use of Animals in the Development of Medicines and Devices for Humans and Animals David Jacobson-Kram 491 Perspectives of PHS Funding Agencies: Discussion 493 Animal Models and Basic Science—Bench to Bedside: Session Introduction Richard Nakamura 493 Animal Models and Basic Science—Bench to Bedside Richard Nakamura 498 Animal Models in Immunology and Transplant Medicine Linda Cendales 501 Animal Models Facilitate Rapid Responses to Emerging Infectious Diseases Michael Kurilla 506 Animal Models and Basic Science—Bench to Bedside: Discussion 509 Insights into the Brain and Aging: Session Introduction Stuart Zola 509 Challenges of an Aging Brain Stuart Zola 514 Genetic Vulnerabilities Associated with Cancer and Aging Nancy Hopkins 520 Toward a Better Understanding of Depression, Schizophrenia, and Autism Larry Young 524 Insight into Brain Development from Animal Vocalization Studies Erich Jarvis 531 Insights into the Brain and Aging: Discussion 534 Standing Up for Science: Session Introduction Jerry Collins 534 Ways Individual Scientists and Clinicians Can Support Animal Research J. David Jentsch 537 The Need for Public Dialogue Dario Ringach 539 Standing Up for Science: Discussion 541 Program: Symposium on Animal Welfare and Scientifi c Research: 1985 to 2010 545 List of Speakers 547 Symposium Welcome 548 NIH Record of the 1984 Symposium 550 Timeline of the History of Animal Welfare Policy, Regulation, and Guidance 552 US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training 553 List of Abbreviations 554 Thanks to Institutional Supporters 555 ILAR Journal Subscription Order Form 557 ILAR Publications 561 ILAR Publications Order Form 563 ILAR Journal Individual Issues Order Form ilar_52_S_about.qxd 1/4/12 5:51 PM Page iii About ILAR he Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) promotes high-quality, humane care of animals and the appropri­ ate use of animals and alternatives. As a component of the Division on Earth and Life Studies, ILAR functions within Tthe mission of the National Academy of Sciences as an independent adviser to the federal government, the biomed­ ical research community, and the public. ILAR was founded in 1952 under the auspices of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. The National Research Council serves as an independent adviser to the federal government on scientific and technical questions of national importance. Jointly administered by the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, the National Research Council brings the resources of the entire scientific and technical community to bear on national problems through its volunteer advisory committees. ILAR Journal is the quarterly, peer-reviewed, theme-oriented publication of ILAR, which provides timely information for all those who use, care for, and oversee the use of animals in research. According to policy, any previously unpublished animal research reported in ILAR Journal will have been conducted according to the scientific, technical, and humanely appropriate guidelines current at the time the research was conducted, according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Opinions expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of ILAR, the National Research Council, or the National Academy of Sciences. Publication of this special supplemental issue of the ILAR Journal was supported by funds from the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International, the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS), IACUC 101, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) and National
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