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Redalyc.CATÁLOGO PRELIMINAR DE LA FLORA VASCULAR DE LOS BOSQUES SUBANDINOS DE LA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA CACHALÚ, SANTANDER (COLOMB Colombia Forestal ISSN: 0120-0739 [email protected] Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Colombia Reina, Miriam; Medina, Ruth; Ávila, Fabio A.; Ángel, Sonia P.; Cortés–B., Rocio CATÁLOGO PRELIMINAR DE LA FLORA VASCULAR DE LOS BOSQUES SUBANDINOS DE LA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA CACHALÚ, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA) Colombia Forestal, vol. 13, núm. 1, junio, 2010, pp. 27-54 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=423939613002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Artículo de investigación CATÁLOGO PRELIMINAR DE LA FLORA VASCULAR DE LOS BOSQUES SUBANDINOS DE LA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA CACHALÚ, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA) Checklist of the vascular flora of the sub-Andean forest at the Cachalú Biological Reserve, Santander (Colombia) Palabras clave: biodiversidad, bosque andino, Cachalú, Miriam Reina1 catálogo lorístico, Cordillera Oriental, lora vascular, reserva Ruth Medina2 biológica. Fabio A. Ávila3 4 Key words: biodiversity, andean forest, Cachalú, loristic Sonia P. Ángel checklist, Eastern Andes, vascular lora, biological reserve. Rocio Cortés–B.5 RESUMEN usadas, el hábito de crecimiento y el gradiente al� Se presenta el catálogo preliminar de la lora vas� titudinal en el que se colectó. Se discuten las ai� cular de la Reserva Biológica Cachalú, localizada nidades de los bosques de la Reserva Biológica en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Oriental Cachalú con otros bosques del Corredor Biológico (Encino – Santander), la cual posee una muestra Guantiva – La Rusia – Iguaque. Adicionalmente, de la lora de los bosques subandinos de los Andes se mencionan las especies que poseen algún grado Colombianos. El material botánico se recolectó en de amenaza y que deben ser prioritarias en futuros un periodo de siete meses durante los años 2007 programas de restauración y conservación. y 2008. Se realizaron colecciones generales en los senderos de la reserva y en la parcela permanen� ABSTRACT te en un rango altitudinal entre 1800 y 2350 m de A preliminary checklist of the vascular lora of the altitud. Se registraron 443 especies, agrupadas en Reserva Biologica Cachalú is presented. Cachalú is 257 géneros y 101 familias botánicas. Las angios� located on the western slope of the Eastern Andes permas representan el 96% de la lora vascular, (Encino – Santander), and represents a sample of mientras que los pteridoitos el 3.5% y las gimnos� the sub – Andean forest of the Colombian Andes. permas sólo el 0.5%. La familia Rubiaceae presen� The material was collected over a period of seven ta la mayor riqueza de géneros y especies (18/36), months in 2007 and 2008. General collections were seguida de Melastomataceae (13/30), Orchidaceae carried out through Cachalú, and in a permanent (13/25), Asteraceae (13/21) y Solanaceae (8/21). plot at an altitudinal range between 1800 and 2350 Los géneros Psychotria, Miconia, Solanum y An- m. A total of 443 species, included in 257 genera, thurium presentan el mayor número de especies. and 101 families were recorded. Angiosperms rep� El catálogo incluye para cada especie, además del resent 96% of the vascular lora, while pteridophyta nombre cientíico y las colecciones de referencia 3.5% and gymnosperms only 0.5%. The Rubiaceae 1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected]. Autor para correspondencia. 2 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] 4 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] 5 Herbario Forestal, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] Recepción: Agosto 11 de 2009 / Aprobación: Septiembre 14 de 2009 Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 13 (1): 27-54 / Junio 2010 27 Catálogo de la lora vascular de Cachalú family has the highest richness at the genus and spe� Dentro de la Reserva Biológica Cachalú se han rea� cies level (18/36), followed by Melastomataceae lizado algunos estudios relacionados con la lora. (13/30), Orchidaceae (13/25), Asteraceae (13/21) Paredes & Martínez (2005) evaluaron la diversidad and Solanaceae (8/21). The genera Psychotria, Mi- lorística y estructural de la vegetación secundaria conia, Solanum and Anthurium show the highest de la Reserva. Jiménez (2009) evaluó la estructura number of species. For each species, the catalog de diferentes tipos de claros en bosques de Roble. Se contains the scientiic name, collections used, habit, destaca el estudio de Ávila et al. (En este número), and the altitudinal range. The afinities of the lora quienes establecieron una parcela permanente de 1 of Cachalú with similar forests at the Guantiva – La ha en bosques de roble con el objeto de conocer la Rusia – Iguaque biological corridor are discussed. diversidad y estructura de estos bosques. Adicional� Additionally, species considered at any level of mente, en la Reserva se han realizado investigacio� threat are pointed so that they may be prioritized in nes que evalúan la relación planta animal, en donde restoration and conservation programs. registran las plantas asociadas a algunas especies de aves (Camargo & Vargas 2006, Daza et al. 2006) y INTRODUCCIÓN las especies consumidas por el venado (Mazama ru- Los bosques subandinos poseen una extraordinaria ina) (Cújar 2006). Con propósitos de restauración, riqueza en términos de biodiversidad y endemismo Romero (2005) propuso y desarrolló un sistema de de la lora, por lo que la conservación de sus eco� selección de especies con base en los rasgos de his� sistemas se considera prioritario (iavh 1998, Sola� toria de vida de algunas especies pioneras leñosas. no 2006). Sin embargo, los bosques de la región Finalmente, el Grupo de Exploración y Monitoreo subandina en Colombia han sido objeto de una Ambiental (GEMA), del Instituto Alexander von profunda transformación y degradación debido a Humboldt (2007), realizó varios inventarios de plan� que se encuentran en las áreas de mayor densidad tas de las familias Rubiaceae y Melastomataceae en humana del país (Etter 1993, Franco & Betancur la Reserva Biológica Cachalú (Solano 2006). 1997, Calderón 2001, Armenteras et al. 2003, Sáenz 2006). Adicionalmente, factores como la de� Dentro del Corredor Biológico Guanentá – La Ru� forestación, la pérdida de hábitat, la expansión de sia – Iguaque, en áreas cercanas a Cachalú, se han la agricultura, la sobre explotación y el desarrollo realizado algunos estudios sobre la composición y destructivo, así como el aumento de especies inva� la estructura de la vegetación. Zernig & Betancur soras y exóticas, son los principales causantes de la (1994) describieron la lora del Santuario de Fauna extinción de las especies nativas (Etter et al. 2006, y Flora de Iguaque. Marín et al. (1996) estudiaron Gutiérrez 2006) y hacen parte de la problemática la diversidad y la estructura del sector occidental de los bosques subandinos del país actualmente. del Santuario, mientras que Marín & Betancur (1997) describieron aspectos lorísticos de un ro� Una de las especies dominantes y representativas de bledal de esta misma zona. En el área de amorti� los andes colombianos es el Quercus humboldtii, el guación del Santuario de Flora y Fauna Guanentá cual presenta una amplia distribución en las vertien� – Alto Río Fonce, ubicada al sureste de la Reser� tes de las tres cordilleras y en la Serranía de San Lu� va Biológica Cachalú, Galindo et al. (2003, 2006) cas, en un rango altitudinal entre 1100 y 3450 m de realizaron estudios sobre la composición lorística altitud (Solano 2006). La mayor concentración de y estructural de la vegetación. En este mismo sec� robledales se encuentra en la vertiente occidental de tor, Del Pino (2006) analizó la variación de la ve� la Cordillera Oriental, en donde presentan un buen getación con respecto a la composición, la riqueza estado de conservación debido especialmente a la y la diversidad, mientras que Ríos (2006) deter� topografía escarpada. La madera de Quercus hum- minó la variación de la estructura en un gradiente boldtii fue utilizada en la construcción de la línea altitudinal entre 2000 y 3000 m en el municipio de férrea de Boyacá (Solano 2006), y ha sido utilizada Encino, entre las veredas de Minas y Patios altos, en la producción de carbón vegetal y en la industria Ocaña (2005) realizó la caracterización lorística y de las curtiembres (Perafán & Palacios 2006). estructural de estos bosques. 28 Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 13 (1) Junio 2010 Miriam Reina–E., Ruth Medina, Fabio Andrés Ávila, Sonia P. Ángel, Rocio Cortés–B. La Reserva Biológica Cachalú es un lugar estra� de la Cordillera Oriental, y entre las coordenadas 6º tégico para la investigación, ya que posee una 5’ 19.0’’ de latitud norte y 73º 7’ 56.5’’ de longitud muestra representativa de los bosques subandinos este. La reserva posee una extensión de 1200 ha y del país (iavh 1998), los cuales no han sido muy se encuentra en un rango altitudinal entre 1850 y estudiados en la vertiente occidental de la Cordi� 2650 m. La temperatura oscila entre 8 y 18 ºC y la llera Oriental. Aunque los estudios mencionados precipitación media anual es de 3000 mm, con una anteriormente
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