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Arthropod Infestation in Samples of Stored Seeds in the Czech Republic

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Arthropod Infestation in Samples of Stored Seeds in the Czech Republic Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 Arthropod Infestation in Samples of Stored Seeds in the Czech Republic Z����� KUČEROVÁ and P���� HORÁK Department of Stored-Product Pest Control, Division of Phytomedicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Abstract: Twenty-one types of seed samples (mainly vegetable and grass seed) were analysed in laboratory and 60% arthropod infestation (14 Acarina, 5 Psocoptera species) was found. The seeds of beet, grass, onion, radish and lettuce were most sensitive to infestation. Acarus siro was a dominant mite pest from all aspects (frequency, abundance and seed diversity infestation), followed by Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tarsonemus granarius and Lepi- doglyphus destructor. Cheyletus eruditus was a dominant predatory mite. Lepinotus patruelis was the most frequent psocid pest. Key words: mites; psocids; Acarina; Psocoptera; stored seed; stored product pests Many mites and psocid species are well known as rina, Psocoptera). We determined the species and stored-product pests of various agricultural com- examined population density. The whole analysed modities. Papers concerning faunistic research of samples (ca 10–100 g) were placed on Tullgren pests of stored seeds in the Czech Republic are funnel (exposure time 24 h) to extract arthropods. focused mainly on arthropod occurrence in stored Extracted specimens were counted individually grain or food commodities (Ž������� 1967, 1998; or with the use of Solomon’s method (S������ Z���� et al. 1984; W����� et al. 1999; S������� et al. 1945). Mite and psocid species were determined 2003; K������� et al. 2003). However, comprehen- under the microscope on slides. Determination was sive research on arthropod occurrence in stored done mainly according to G������ (1974), H����� seeds has not been conducted yet, except several (1976) and L������� (1990, 1998). The abundance minor notes on seed infestations in Ž������� (1967) of particular species was recalculated per kg of and O�� (1978). To fill this gap, the presented pa- seed to become comparable. per brings a survey of arthropod infestation of 21 seed types (mainly vegetable and oil seed, grass RESULTS seed and seed outlets). The infestation was de- tected in seed samples analysed during the years Arthropod diversity and types of seeds 1999–2003 at the Department of Stored-Product Pest Control , Research Institute of Crop Produc- Altogether 19 species were identified in seed tion. These samples were sent to this laboratory samples. Out of these, 14 were mite species (As- for species diagnostics from various seed stores tigmata 4, Prostigmata 6, Mesostigmata 4) and in the Czech Republic. 5 psocid species. A detailed list of arthropod spe- cies and their occurrence on particular seed types MATERIAL AND METHODS are presented in Table 1. The greatest diversity of species was found on beet (10 species), followed Altogether 201 samples of 21 seed types were by grass (9), onion (9), radish (8) and lettuce seed analysed in laboratory for pest infestation (Aca- (7). The ratio of pest to beneficial arthropod species Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project No. MZE 000 27 00 603. 11 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 1 2 Table 1. Mite and psocid species and their occurrence in particular seed types (number of specimens/kg of infested sample) Type of seed 0n Ka Ko Ct Pa Pt Ru Ra Be Le Sp Sw Co Li Po Gs So ACARINA Acaridae Acarus siro L. 23 96 146 357 168 293 200 10 15 17 521 60 000 Acarus farris (Oudemans) 60 Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) 2 1 058 50 160 101 87 1 496 60 2 273 140 Glycyphagidae Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) 20 27 55 176 248 69 200 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 Tarsonemidae Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist 100 12 330 68 46 10 612 278 Tydeidae Tydeus interruptus Sig Thor 40 37 Cheyletidae Cheyletus aversor Rohdendorf 48 Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) 11 109 91 60 20 102 42 254 20 30 312 66 770 Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans 2 3 Cheyletus hendersoni Baker 6 Dermanyssidae Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) 3 Haemogamasus pontiger (Berlese) 60 Ascidae Bla�isocius keegani Fox 5 Oribatidae 60 PSOCOPTERA Liposcelididae Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) 2 28 1 300 Liposcelis corrodens (Heymons) 4 Trogiidae Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein 165 60 50 Lepinotus patruelis Pearman 5 43 40 60 Lachesillidae Lachesilla pedicularia (L.) 30 On – onion, Ka – kale (Brassica oleracea), Ko – kohlrabi, Ct – carrot, Pa – parsley (Petroselinum hortense), Pt – parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), Ru – runch (Raphanus sativus), Ra – ra- dish, Be – beet, Le – le�uce, Sp – spinach, Sw – swede, Co – coriander, Li - linseed, Po – poppy, Gs – grass seed, So – seed outlet Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 1 3 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 8 □ pests ■ predators and parasitoids 16 s e s p e i y c 6 t 12 e d p e s e f s o 4 f 8 r o e r b e b m u 2 m 4 N u N 0 0 On Ra Be Le Gr A.s. T.p. L.d. T.gr. C.er. Seed type Main species Figure 1. Ratio of pest to beneficial arthropod species Figure 2. Spectrum of seed types infested by the main in frequently infested seed types mite species (A.s. – Acarus siro, T.p. – Tyrophagus putres- centiae, L.d. – Lepidoglyphus destructor, T.g. – Tarsonemus granarius, C.e. – Cheyletus eruditus) occurrence in these seeds is shown in Figure 1. Seed was the most frequent psocid (5%). The mite A. siro outlet, seed of spinach and coriander were infested occurred in 49% of samples together with their by 5–4 species. Absolutely no species were found predator C. eruditus and in 51% of samples with- on the seed of cabbage, scorzonera (S. hispanica), out predator. Average abundance of arthropod dill and clover. The remaining types of seed were species (a) and groups (b) found in seed samples infested with 1 to 3 species (Table 1). A. siro infested of three categories (vegetable and oil seed, grass the highest number of seed types (11) from all pest seed, seed outlets) is shown in Figure 5. Gener- mites. The predator mite C. eruditus was located ally, mites were three times more abundant than in 13 seed types (Figure 2). psocids in vegetable and oil seed and 1.4 times more abundant in grass seed. In seed outlets Frequency and abundance of arthropods in seed samples 50 Arthropod infestation was found in 60% of all analysed seed samples (201). The individual sam- 40 ples were infested with 0 to 5 species (Figure 3). Frequency of Acarina (86.8%) and Psocoptera species in infested samples is shown in Figure 4. A. siro 30 and C. eruditus were the most frequent (38% and 40%), followed by T. putrescentiae (25%). L. patruelis 20 % of infested samples 50 10 40 s e l p 30 0 m a s f o 20 % 10 Acarus siro 0 Cheyletus eruditus Lepinotus patruelis 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tarsonemus granarius Lepidoglyphus destructor Number of species Tyrophagus putrescentiae Figure 3. Frequency of multiple species infestation in Figure 4. Frequency of the main arthropod species in seed samples infested seed samples 12 13 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 (a) 10000 □ vegetable seed ■ grass seed 1000 100 10 1 Oribatidae ACARINA Acarus siro Acarus farris Mesostigmata PSOCOPTERA Liposcelis decolor Cheyletus aversor Cheyletus eruditus Lepinotus patruelis Tydeus interruptus Blattisocius keegani Liposcelis corrodens Androlaelaps casalis Lachesila pedicularia Lepinotus reticulatus Cheyletus hendersoni Lachesillapedicullaria Cheyletus malaccensis Tarsonemus granarius Haemogamasus pontiger Lepidoglyphus destructor Tyrophagus putrescentiae (b) Analysed Infested Mite pests Mite predator Total mite Psocid pests Type of sample samples samples abundance abundance abundance abundance No. No. (mean ± SD) (mean ± SD) (mean ± SD) (mean ± SD) Vegetable and oilseed 174 105 224 ± 161 47 ± 51 113 ± 140 43 ± 45 Grass seed 24 13 1304 ± 1466 66 ± 112 941 ± 1 336 675 ± 625 Seed outlet 3 3 20113 ± 28204 770 ± 530 12 390 ± 23 809 – Figure 5. Abundance of particular species (a) and arthropod groups (b) found in seed samples (number of spe- cimens per kg of infested sample) only mites were found (average abundance of species also infested greatest diversity of seed 12.390 specimens/kg). The pest:predatory mite types. C. eruditus occupied the same position in ratio was 5:1 (vegetable seed), 20:1 (grass seed) the category of predatory mites. These findings and 26:1 (seed outlets). are in accordance with the fact that these species are generally the most important and frequent DISCUSSION stored-product mites in grain and other food commodities (Ž������� 1967; C�������� 1996). A. siro was found to be both the most prevalent The other mite species found in seed samples are and most abundant mite pest in seed samples. This also common in other stored products. The only 14 15 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 40, 2004 (1): 11–16 exception is a rare predatory mite C. hendersoni, fungal carriers in stored grain habitats. Exp. Appl. which was reported from the Czech Republic only Acarol., 29: 69–87. once – in a sample of wheat and millet (Ž������� H����� A.M. (1976): The Mites of Stored Food and 1979). Houses. MAFF, London. In the case of psocids, the most frequent species G������ K.K. (1974): Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die in seed samples was L. patruelis. On the other hand, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 61. G. Fischer Verlag, Jena. L. decolor was the most frequent and abundant spe- K������� Z. (1999): Vulnerability of wheat varieties cies in recent years in grain stores (S������� et al.
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