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Edson Arantes Junior Orientadora: Profª Drª Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves

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Edson Arantes Junior Orientadora: Profª Drª Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS FACULDADE DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA OS USOS POLÍTICOS DA NARRATIVA MÍTICA EM LUCIANO DE SAMÓSATA: ASPECTOS DO REGIME DE MEMÓRIA ROMANO (SÉC. II D. C) Edson Arantes Junior Orientadora: Profª Drª Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves GOIÂNIA 2014 2 EDSON ARANTES JUNIOR OS USOS POLÍTICOS DA NARRATIVA MÍTICA EM LUCIANO DE SAMÓSATA: ASPECTOS DO REGIME DE MEMÓRIA ROMANO (SÉC. II D. C) Tese de Doutoramento apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Goiás como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em História. Área de concentração: Culturas, fronteiras e identidades. Linha de pesquisa: História, memória e imaginários sociais. Orientadora: Prof.ª Drª Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves GOIÂNIA 2014 3 Dados internacionais de catalogação na publicação (CIP) BJFS/UEG-Uruaçu Arantes Junior, Edson. A662u Usos políticos da narrativa mítica em Luciano de Samósata [Manuscrito]: aspectos do regime de memória romano (séc. II D.C.) / Edson Arantes Junior. – 2014. 219 f. : il. Orientadora: Drª Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de História, 2014. Bibliografia. 1. Luciano de Samósata. 2. Segunda sofística. 3. Mitologia 4. Poder Imperial I. Arantes Junior, Edson. II. Gonçalves, Ana Teresa Marques. III. Título. Catalogação na publicação: Sandra Carleth F. Carvalho – CRB1/1455 CDU - 930 4 EDSON ARANTES JUNIOR Os usos políticos da narrativa mítica em Luciano de Samósata: aspectos do regime de memória romano (Séc. II d. C) Tese defendida pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, nível de Doutorado, da Faculdade de História da Universidade Federal de Goiás, aprovada em 9 de outubro de 2014 pela Banca examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: Professora Doutora Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves (UFG) (Presidente) Professor Doutor Jacyntho José Lins Brandão (UFMG) (Membro externo) Professora Doutora Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi (UNESP) (Membro externo) Professor Doutor Noé Freire Sandes (UFG) (Membro interno) Professora Doutora Adriana Vidotte (UFG) (Membro interno) Professor Doutor Haroldo Reimer (UEG) (Suplente externo) Professora Doutora Luciane Munhoz de Omena (UFG) (Suplente interno) 5 À Vivaldina Arantes (in memoriam) e Geralda Rita da Silva (in memoriam) que sempre serão meus exemplos de perseverança e sabedoria. 6 Agradecimentos Ao concluir o percurso, tenho muito que agradecer. Em primeiro lugar, à minha eterna orientadora, Professora Doutora Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves, que esteve ao meu lado em todos os momentos difíceis, com sua orientação firme e generosa. Devo agradecer sempre por acreditar no meu projeto de pesquisa e investir para que eu pudesse estudar e me tornar um especialista que atuasse em História Antiga. Seus ensinamentos são um patrimônio que levarei por toda a minha vida. Quero agradecer à Universidade Federal de Goiás que, por meio de seu programa próprio, concedeu-me uma bolsa que foi fundamental para custear a tecitura desta Tese, principalmente, a importação de importantes textos bibliográficos. Aos professores da UFG que sempre somaram nesse percurso: Drª Luciane Munhoz de Omena, Drª Dulce Oliveira Amarante dos Santos, Drª Armênia Maria de Sousa, Dr João Alberto da Costa Pinto e Dr Luiz Sérgio Duarte da Silva. A banca de qualificação, composta pelos professores doutores Jacyntho Lins Brandão e Noé Freire Sandes, que me ajudaram a recriar meu objeto de pesquisa e instigaram minhas construções, bem como por aceitarem ler esse trabalho. As professoras Drª Andreia Dorini e Drª Adriana Vidotte, por aceitarem compor a banca de avaliação deste trabalho. Aos amigos historiadores e historiadoras, cujas conversas muito somaram a esta tese: Marcelo, Ana Paula, Thiago, Maria Daílza. Quero agradecer, de forma muito especial, à Cleusa, por ser uma amiga presente, mesmo na distância. Ao Manoel, pelas ébrias discussões benjaminianas. Ao amigo e historiador Fernando Teodoro Divino, pela constante ajuda para conseguir textos que se mostravam impossíveis nas bibliotecas brasileiras. À professora Joscelina Borges de Oliveira Santana, que foi uma companheira importante ao me substituir na direção do câmpus. Ao professor Gilson, coordenador do curso de História, que ajudou em tantas ausências. Aos amigos Moises, Neilson, Genilder, Claudia, Cleonice, Marlene e João Erastótenes, que me ampararam, cada um a seu modo e a seu tempo. À bibliotecária do câmpus, professora Sandra, cuja eficiência muito contribuiu para o alinhavado desta Tese. Quero expressar meus agradecimentos ao Masinho (vulgo Edemar), que é um amigo verdadeiro nessas estradas. À Terla e à Valquíria, que estiveram comigo todos os 7 dias, me dando força e aliviando o peso da gestão, e em nome delas, agradeço a todos os funcionários da UEG-Uruaçu. A Universidade Estadual de Goiás, na pessoa do professor Doutor Haroldo Reimer, reitor desta universidade, que me acolheu e forneceu o apoio institucional necessário para a conclusão desta e às professoras Meire e Carla, por me apoiarem nesse momento. A minha família que entendeu minhas ausências. Minha mãe Eva que sempre me apoiou e acreditou em mim. Meu avô Joaquim, tão amado e presente. Meu padrinho Marcio José que é um exemplo de conduta. Meu pai, tios (Valto, Sérgio Geraldo, Branco, Aguimar) e tias (Mariza, Nilda, Ailza, Maria Anizia, Osvaldina, Vilma, Aleida), Vó Nilza, primos (Marco Aurélio, Rodrigo, Andrei, Gabriel e Renato) e primas (Mariele, Andreia, Leiner, Taina e Luana), à Vitória, minha linda, ao meu irmão Eduardo, Sílvia e Luiz Henrique, sem a o apoio deles tudo seria mais difícil. Aos amigos que me acolheram em Uruaçu: Dona Nair, Rozilda, Ana Paula e Maria, Luiz, Cristiano, Claudinei, Maria Célia são tantos que sei que vou esquecer quem não devia, mesmo assim, muito obrigado. No percurso final desta tese, encontrei dois profissionais que muito me auxiliaram para diminuir as imperfeições desta tese. Devo os mais sinceros agradecimentos ao professor Douglas e à professora Valéria. As deficiências que este trabalho contiver são de responsabilidade do autor. Por estar ao meu lado, por me entender, por me amar, por deixar que eu a ame, por cuidar tão bem de mim, muito obrigado, Kacya. 8 A tecnologia mudou, mas a produção de mitos está, mais do que nunca, na ordem do dia (GINZBURG, 2001: 83) 9 Resumo: Luciano de Samósata foi um importante intérprete do Império Romano, sua prosa versou sobre uma infinidade de temas. Os estudiosos desse escritor se concentraram em duas possibilidades de compreensão para sua postura política: de um lado, há os autores que consideram o sírio desvinculado de seu tempo e de seu contexto sociopolítico; do outro, existem os que o veem como um militante político contrário a Roma. Nesta Tese, consideramos que Luciano apresenta um posicionamento ambíguo, uma vez que ele se identifica como sírio, ressalta toda a sua formação helênica e critica aspectos da cultura política romana. Entretanto, acreditamos que ele estava consciente dos benefícios que o Império trazia a todos os povos dominados. Dessa forma, podemos dizer que ele era um escritor que colaborava com a manutenção do sistema imperial. Para comprovar essa hipótese, deslocamos a indagação para os famosos diálogos satíricos que costumam ser desconsiderados pelos intérpretes de Luciano. Conhecido por unir o sisudo diálogo filosófico à sarcástica comédia, entendemos que o escritor tinha a intenção de produzir o riso, que se voltaria para a mobilização do pensamento. Restringimos nossa investigação aos diálogos que utilizam a mitologia como eixo temático. Os mitos foram pensados como elementos que compõem uma memória cultural e, dessa forma, são apresentados nos limites do regime de memória romano. Essa seleção formal foi organizada em tópicos referentes ao poder político e a suas manifestações cotidianas. Assim, preocupamo-nos com a representação luciânica das assembleias, dos tiranos e das relações das divindades entre si e, principalmente, com Zeus. Entendemos que Luciano fez uma profunda exegese de sua realidade, evidenciando e criticando posturas abusivas. Em seus diálogos, podemos ver outras dimensões possíveis da interpretação do poder político no império romano. Palavras-chave: Luciano de Samósata – Segunda Sofística – Mitologia – Poder Imperial 10 Abstract Lucian of Samosat was an important interpreter of the Roman Empire, his writings were about a varied of topics. People who study about this writer focused on two possibilities for understanding his political stance: on one hand, there are authors who consider he is disconnected from his time and sociopolitical context; on the other hand, there are those who see him as a political activist opposed to Rome. In this Thesis, we consider that Lucian has an ambiguous position, since he identifies himself as Syrian, underscores his entire Hellenic education and criticizes aspects of Roman political culture. However, we believe that he was aware of the benefits that the empire brought all dominated peoples. Thus, we can say that he was a writer who collaborated with the maintenance of the imperial system. To prove this hypothesis, we analyze his famous satirical dialogues, which were often disregarded by his interpreters. Known for combining the dour philosophical dialogue with sarcastic comedy, we understand that the writer intended to produce laughter, which would turn to the mobilization of thought. We restrict our investigation to the dialogues that use mythology as subject. The myths were thought as components of a cultural memory
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