THE GAZE JOURNAL of TOURISM and HOSPITALITY Vol
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ISSN 2467-933X THE GAZE JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Vol. 10 No.1 Year 2019 Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar International School of Tourism and Hotel Management (Affi liated to Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Austria) Editorial Policy Th e Gaze is multi-interdisciplinary journal which welcomes original research articles, research notes and book reviews. Articles should be original and unpublished, based on both primary and secondary sources refl ecting new interpretations, written in English. Th e research article should have more than 6,000 words; 3,000 words for research notes; 3,000 words for book review; and 300 words for abstract including fi ve keywords. Th e research work should be based on global research methodology in which the researcher will be required to use parentheses or author date system or in text citation. Aft er receiving the research papers, it will be fi rst consulted by the editor-in-chief on behalf of editorial board. If it is required it will be sent to the author for revising the paper. Th e last date of paper submission will be by the end of June of the following year. Th e authors will not be charged any fee for publishing their articles. Manuscripts should be typed double-space on A4sized paper with a 4 cm margin on all four sides. Th e author should underline nothing except words which are to be italicized. Notes and references should be typed double-space on separate pages which should be included at the end of the articles. In case, if it is required, the text should refer to notes numbered consecutively throughout the article using raised numbers which should be mentioned at the end of the text before references. Th is means footnotes must be avoided. Th e citation and references should be based on APA method. For example (Th e mentioned below are pseudonym,), in text citation, there should be: (Egger, 2013, p. 17); Egger (2013) and at the end of the sentences (p. 15); Indentation and Ellipses must be followed: ... one paragraph of sentences in single space at the center with italic... (published date and page no.) In the case of references : Th ompson, L. (2013). E-Tourism, London: Sage Publication. In the case of two authors, e.g., Smith, R. & Basnet, R. (2005). Tourism Profi le of Nepal, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point. If there are more than two authors, e.g. Egger, M., Th apa, N. & Ranabhat, K. (2013), Raft ing in Nepal, Kathmandu: Nepal Association of River Raft ing Agents, there will be Egger et al. (2013, p. 21). In the case of research paper published in edited book: Fisher, X. (1980). Life in the Land without Wheels. In Ortner, M. (Ed.) (2007). Tourism in Asia (pp. 40-54), New Delhi: Adroit Publisher. In the case of research article published in the Journal: Tarlow, C. (1991). Tourism, safety and security. Th e GAZE Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 4(1): 7-28. If the text has been published by the organization, i.e. Tourism Board (2009). Natural and Cultural Heritage of Nepal, Kathmandu. In case of citing unpublished thesis, Rawal, N.N. (2012). A Study of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Bhaktapur, An Unpublished Ph.D. Th esis submitted to the Nabil University, Kathmandu, Nepal. All these formats are mentioned in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA Manual), 2009, Sixth Edition, Washington, DC. Entries in the references should be in alphabetical and chronological order of the authors. Tables and maps should be submitted along with the text, numbered with headings. Notations in the text should indicate where these are to appear. As far as illustrations and fi gures are concerned, the authors are requested to send along with the text where it is relevant and send it separately in jpg format. Th e paper will be accepted in the area of theory based paper on tourism, mountain tourism and mountaineering tourism, risk management, safety and security, tourism and natural disaster, accident, injuries, medicine and rescue, cultural heritage tourism, festival tourism, pilgrimage tourism, rural tourism, village tourism, urban tourism, geo-tourism, paper on extreme adventure tourism activities, ecotourism, environmental tourism, hospitality, event tourism, voluntourism, sustainable tourism, wildlife tourism, dark tourism, nostalgia tourism, tourism planning, destination development, tourism marketing, human resource management, adventure tourism education, tourism and research methodology, guiding profession, tourism, confl ict and peace and remaining other areas of sea, air and land based adventure tourism research. Th e Editorial Board has right to accept or reject the articles for publication. If the article is rejected, it will be returned to the author. Authors receive three copies of the issue in which their article appears. Th e editors welcome enquiries from the readers if they are willing to publish their articles in this journals. Th e audiences are suggested to go through www.nepjol.info for reading the papers published in this journal. THE GAZE JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Vol. 10 No.1 Year 2019 Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Managing Editor: Tej Bahadur Dhakal Editor: Dr. Tika Nath Sharma Associate Editor: Samjhana Basnyat Advisory Board Narendra Bajracharya Prof. (FH) Mag. Leonhard Worndl Prof. Dr. Govinda Prasad Acharya Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha Dr. Shree Govinda Shah Published by International School of Tourism and Hotel Management Gyaneswor, P.O. Box: 5196, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977 1 4434350, 4434185 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ist.org.np Editorial Note We are very happy to off er Th e GAZE Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol. 10, No. 1, 2019 to our readers. Th is journal is published annually in English by International School of Tourism and Hotel Management, which is affi liated to Salzburg University of Applied Sciences of Austria. Th e purpose of this journal is to disseminate the knowledge and ideas of tourism to the students, researchers, journalists, policy makers, planners, entrepreneurs and other general readers. Articles and reviews in the journal represent neither the views of the concerned publishers nor those of editorial board. Responsibility for opinions expressed and for the accuracy of the facts published in the articles or reviews are solely with the individual authors. Th e authors will have their own copyright. We have realized that it is high time to make this eff ort for tourism innovation and development. We strongly believe that this knowledge based platform will make the industry and the institutions stronger. Correspondence Address Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar [email protected] Publisher THE GAZE International School of Tourism and Hotel Management Gyaneswor, P.O.Box: 5196, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977 1 4434350, 4434185 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ist.org.np ISSN 2467-933X THE GAZE JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Vol. 10 No.1 Year 2019 CONTENTS Ruhet Genç 1 Th e Concept of Post-humanism and Its Refl ections on Tourism Education Him Lal Ghimire 8 Heritage Tourism in Japan and Nepal : A Study of Shikoku and Lumbini Prakash Upadhyay 37 Tourism Policy of Nepal and Sustainable Mountain Tourism Development in Retrospect Prakash Chandra Neupane 51 Destination Management: Nepalese Eff orts, Experiences & Challenges Ramesh Raj Kunwar 67 Medical Tourism and Hospitality in Hospital The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 10 (2019) 1-7 THE GAZE JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Th e Concept of Post-humanism and Its Refl ections on Tourism Education Ruhet Genç Turkish German University / TURKEY [email protected] Abstract Th e aim of this manuscript is to investigate the infl uence the impacts of post-humanism on tourism education. Th e paper will start with a body of literature on post-humanism based on the previous studies and debates in the academia. Th e methodology will be literature review and critical evaluation of the fi ndings. As a conclusion, the study suggests that the Post-humanist refl ection in tourism education will contribute positively to the tourism sector, specifi cally regarding to sustainability issues. Th e manuscript will also suggest a model in order to provide a quantitative analysis for the post-humanism, including the technological advancements and environmental regeneration variables, along with possible economic and social impacts. In short, establishment of a tourism education that considerably pays attention to the benefi ts of post-humanism will be essential for functionality and eff ectiveness of tourism practice in the future. Keywords: Post-humanism, humanism, tourism, education Introduction Th e understanding of human is subject to change across time. Historically, humanism came up parallel to the Renaissance movement in 15th century, emphasizing the dignity of human-beings, and their value and agency. In order to explain growing human impacts on environment in today’s world, the term Anthropocene was coined in the beginning of 2000s by Nobel Prize winner chemist Paul Crutzen, who emphasizes the hegemony of humans over nature. Although various methods that Copyright © 2019 Author Published by: International School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kathmandu, Nepal ISSN 2467-933X 2 The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 10 (2019) 1-7 underline empirical or theoretical aspects for diff erent purposes have been carried out in human education and pedagogy within the course of history, the current Anthropocene shapes the purpose of education in a way that education should focus on cultural modifi cation between communities and across generations, and it is responsible for transforming the spaces and practices to maintain the adaptation of humans to their social structures (Robbins, 2013; Lloro-Bidart, 2015:132). Th e purpose of education may include the development of adaptive behaviors, especially considering the long-lasting impact of Evolution by Charles Darwin, and underlying objective of education may be presented as developing social skills that will allow humans to survive in societies, which is the new nature in the age of human domination over nature.