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Natural Materials for the Textile Industry Alain Stout
English by Alain Stout For the Textile Industry Natural Materials for the Textile Industry Alain Stout Compiled and created by: Alain Stout in 2015 Official E-Book: 10-3-3016 Website: www.TakodaBrand.com Social Media: @TakodaBrand Location: Rotterdam, Holland Sources: www.wikipedia.com www.sensiseeds.nl Translated by: Microsoft Translator via http://www.bing.com/translator Natural Materials for the Textile Industry Alain Stout Table of Contents For Word .............................................................................................................................. 5 Textile in General ................................................................................................................. 7 Manufacture ....................................................................................................................... 8 History ................................................................................................................................ 9 Raw materials .................................................................................................................... 9 Techniques ......................................................................................................................... 9 Applications ...................................................................................................................... 10 Textile trade in Netherlands and Belgium .................................................................... 11 Textile industry ................................................................................................................... -
Survey of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Practice in Vegetable Crops of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal Chandra Bahadur Thapa*
C.B. Thapa (2017) Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 237-242 DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17628 Research Article Survey of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Practice in Vegetable Crops of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal Chandra Bahadur Thapa* Tribhuvan University, Department of Botany, Butwal Multiple Campus, Butwal, Nepal *Email for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract In the present study, documentation of farmer’s knowledge on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was carried out in Rupandehi district during the year 2016. The objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge of farmers about IPM and its effectiveness in this district. It was carried out by conducting semi-structured interview with the participants of IPM FFS, vegetable growing farmers, stakeholders and local people with the help of standard questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and key informant interview. The IPM program is found to be conducted by an international non-government organization viz. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and government organizations viz. Plant Protection Directorate (PPD), Agronomy Development Directorate (ADD) and District Agriculture Development Organization (DADO) through Farmer’s Field School (FFS) in this district. In total forty IPM FFS was conducted from 1998 to 2015 which provided training about IPM in rice and vegetable crops to 1057 farmers in which 393 were male and 664 female. Although a significant difference has been found in the knowledge about the amount of pesticide used, biological method of pest control for IPM by FFS participant and nonparticipant farmers, it is not observed in their behavior during the cultivation of crops in the farm. -
National Services Policy Review: Nepal
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL SERVICES POLICY REVIEW NEPAL New York and Geneva, 2011 ii NATIONAL SERVICES POLICY REVIEW OF NEPAL NOTE The symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The views expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a reference to the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. For further information on the Trade Negotiations and Commercial Diplomacy Branch and its activities, please contact: Ms. Mina MASHAYEKHI Head, Trade Negotiations and Commercial Diplomacy Branch Division of International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities Tel: +41 22 917 56 40 Fax: +41 22 917 00 44 E-mail: [email protected] www.unctad.org/tradenegotiations UNCTAD/DITC/TNCD/2010/3 Copyright © United Nations, 2011 All rights reserved. Printed in Switzerland FOREWORD iii FOREWORD For many years, UNCTAD has been emphasising the importance of developing countries strengthening and diversifying their services sector. -
Rural Vulnerability and Tea Plantation Migration in Eastern Nepal and Darjeeling Sarah Besky
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Himalayan Research Papers Archive Nepal Study Center 9-21-2007 Rural Vulnerability and Tea Plantation Migration in Eastern Nepal and Darjeeling Sarah Besky Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nsc_research Recommended Citation Besky, Sarah. "Rural Vulnerability and Tea Plantation Migration in Eastern Nepal and Darjeeling." (2007). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nsc_research/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nepal Study Center at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalayan Research Papers Archive by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rural Vulnerability and Tea Plantation Migration in Eastern Nepal and Darjeeling Sarah Besky Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin – Madison This paper will analyze migration from rural eastern Nepal to tea plantations in eastern Nepal and Darjeeling and the potentials such migration might represent for coping with rural vulnerability and food scarcity. I will contextualize this paper in a regional history of agricultural intensification and migration, which began in the eighteenth century with Gorkhali conquests of today’s Mechi region and continued in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the recruitment of plantation laborers from Nepal to British India. For many Kiranti ethnic groups, agricultural intensification resulted in social marginalization, land degradation due to over-population and over-farming, and eventual migration to Darjeeling to work on British tea plantations. The British lured Rais, Limbus, and other tribal peoples to Darjeeling with hopes of prosperity. When these migrants arrived, they benefited from social welfare like free housing, health care, food rations, nurseries, and plantation schools – things unknown to them under Nepal’s oppressive monarchal regime. -
Mixed-Method Research on Bhutanese
GURUNG, ANUJ, Ph. D., August 2019 POLITICAL SCIENCE ANATOMY OF RESETTLEMENT: MIXED-METHOD RESEARCH ON BHUTANESE REFUGEES (410 PP.) Dissertation Advisor: Landon E. Hancock This dissertation is a much-needed study of how resettlement impacts refugees. I found the ‘solution’ of resettlement to be promising for some refugees yet restrictive for others. Based on my analysis, Bhutanese refugees interpret their past and present differently in negotiating their place and identity in resettlement. In Akron, many have found stable jobs, started businesses, and are pursuing higher education aspirations. Opportunities in resettlement and their positive self-perception allows these individuals to expand and ‘own’ their new revised identities (e.g. Bhutanese-Nepali), in contrast to the primary socialized identity preferences (i.e. the Bhutanese label) of refugees who find themselves marginalized and dependent in their new environment. At a broader level, I have found the US resettlement policy to be exclusively invested in economic output of refugees with little regard for their socio-cultural adaptation. Given the diversity of refugee experiences and their reasons behind ‘choosing’ resettlement, resettlement policy merits further critical examination and likely a structural revision. Scholars of refugee and immigrant behavior, as well as interested policy makers will find this work highly pertinent. In this study, I used ethnographic research—interviews and field observations—centered on Bhutanese refugees; I also employed a limited statistical examination of refugee migration patterns in the US. i ANATOMY OF RESETTLEMENT: MIXED-METHOD RESEARCH ON BHUTANESE REFUGEES A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Anuj Gurung August 2019 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials ii Dissertation written by Anuj Gurung B.A. -
Nepal, November 2005
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nepal, November 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: NEPAL November 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Kingdom of Nepal (“Nepal Adhirajya” in Nepali). Short Form: Nepal. Term for Citizen(s): Nepalese. Click to Enlarge Image Capital: Kathmandu. Major Cities: According to the 2001 census, only Kathmandu had a population of more than 500,000. The only other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were Biratnagar, Birgunj, Lalitpur, and Pokhara. Independence: In 1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah unified a number of states in the Kathmandu Valley under the Kingdom of Gorkha. Nepal recognizes National Unity Day (January 11) to commemorate this achievement. Public Holidays: Numerous holidays and religious festivals are observed in particular regions and by particular religions. Holiday dates also may vary by year and locality as a result of the multiple calendars in use—including two solar and three lunar calendars—and different astrological calculations by religious authorities. In fact, holidays may not be observed if religious authorities deem the date to be inauspicious for a specific year. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Sahid Diwash (Martyrs’ Day; movable date in January); National Unity Day and birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah (January 11); Maha Shiva Ratri (Great Shiva’s Night, movable date in February or March); Rashtriya Prajatantra Diwash (National Democracy Day, movable date in February); Falgu Purnima, or Holi (movable date in February or March); Ram Nawami (Rama’s Birthday, movable date in March or April); Nepali New Year (movable date in April); Buddha’s Birthday (movable date in April or May); King Gyanendra’s Birthday (July 7); Janai Purnima (Sacred Thread Ceremony, movable date in August); Children’s Day (movable date in August); Dashain (Durga Puja Festival, movable set of five days over a 15-day period in September or October); Diwali/Tihar (Festival of Lights and Laxmi Puja, movable set of five days in October); and Sambhidhan Diwash (Constitution Day, movable date in November). -
Maternal Health Care in Nepal: Trends and Determinants
Maternal Health Care in Nepal: Trends and Determinants DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 118 DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 118 Maternal Health Care in Nepal: Trends and Determinants Krishna Kumar Aryal1 Sharad K Sharma2 Mukti Nath Khanal3 Bihungum Bista4 Shiv Lal Sharma2 Shambhu Kafle5 Mona Mehta Steffen6 ICF Rockville, Maryland, USA January 2019 1 DFID/NHSP3/MEOR, Abt Associates 2 Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal 3 Population Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal 4 Nepal Health Research Council 5 Health Coordination Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal 6 The DHS Program, ICF Corresponding author: Krishna Kumar Aryal, DFID Nepal Health Sector Programme 3 (NHSP3), Monitoring, Evaluation and Operational Research (MEOR) Project, Abt Associates, Lalitpur-10, Lalitpur, Nepal; phone: +977 9851123730; email: [email protected]. Ministry of Health and Population Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank DFID Nepal for its support and technical assistance in producing this report. We would like to sincerely acknowledge the support from Joseph James (Abt Britain), Scott Roantree (Abt Britain), and Peter Godwin (DFID/NHSP3/MEOR Project) to produce this report. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Sharad K Sharma and Mr. Mukti Nath Khanal from MoHP for steering the overall report write up. We also extend our gratitude to Tom Fish (ICF) for creating a comparable Province indicator for the 2011 Nepal DHS survey, and to Kerry MacQuarrie (Avenir Health) and Jennifer Yourkavitch (ICF) for their assistance with the tables and graphics in the report. We further express gratitude to the reviewers of this study, Lindsay Mallick (Avenir Health), Sabita Tuladhar and Shilu Adhikari (USAID), and Punya Paudel (Family Welfare Division/MoHP). -
Tea Industry in Nepal and Its Impact on Poverty
Tea Industry in Nepal and its Impact on Poverty Submitted by South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics & Environment (SAWTEE) Kathmandu, Nepal 2006 Draft Report not for citation Paper prepared for the project Linkages between Trade Development and Poverty Reduction, implemented by CUTS International. 1 1. A Brief History of Tea in Nepal Nepali tea industry owes its roots to the colonization of India by the East India Company. Numerous tea plantations around the hill station of Darjeeling were promoted by the British. Hybrids of tea bushes were introduced in several districts in Nepal - Illam, Taplejung, Panchthar and Dhankuta within a few years after their introduction in Darjeeling and the first tea estates were established in 1863 in Illam and Jhapa. But whereas the Darjeeling tea production soon emerged into a prosperous commercial industry, the Nepalese tea production remained low profile until the 1990s, unable to fulfill domestic demand. Decades earlier, in 1966, the Nepalese government had established the Nepal Tea Development Corporation. Initially, Nepalese tea leaves were sold to factories in Darjeeling. With time, the Darjeeling tea bushes had become old and along with internal changes in the industry it led to a deteriorating quality of the Indian tea. These conditions made the Nepalese tea leaves a valuable input for the Indian factories. During the last decade tea processing factories have been built and turned Nepalese tea production into a fully commercialized industry. Although, even today some farmers sell their tea to Indian factories as they get a better prices from across the border. In the early 1990’s, large tea plantations run by the government mainly dominated the tea sector. -
Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps
FINAL (AFTER COMMENTS) Independent Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps- USDOL Cooperative Agreement No: IL-19513-09-75-K Report prepared by: Dr. Martina Nicolls April 2013 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 Country Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Relevance: Shifting Project Priorities ................................................................................................................... 1 Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sustainability ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TA – 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) ACHHAM DISTRICT BASELINE: DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURAL ROADS (DOLIDAR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B 1 MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACHHAM DISTRICT .......................................................................................................... -
The Economy of Nepal
The Economy of Nepal Arturo Y, Consing* HE KINGDOM OF NEPAL is a landlocked country bordered on the west, south, and east by India, on the north by Tibet, and Ton the northeast by Sikkim. It extends approximately 500 miles from east to west and 100 miles from north to south, and covers an area of about 54,000 square miles. Comparatively few miles apart are jungles, rice valleys, alpine highlands, and snow peaks. Elevation rather than latitude is the main determinant of climate. The country is divided into three geographical regions: the Hima- layan North, the central region (Inner Himalaya or the Hills), and the southern region (Terai). The Himalayan North contains the Nepalese portion of the Himalayan Mountains. The central region lies between the Great Himalaya and the Churia Hills (a continua- tion of the Siwalik Range of India); it is a succession of mountain chains which vary between 4,000 and 10,000 feet in elevation. Be- tween the well-defined Mahabharat Range (8,000 feet) and the Himalayan North is the Kathmandu Valley (4,500 feet), which is not only the political and cultural heart of the nation, but also one of its principal economic areas. The precipitation in the Valley averages about 58 inches a year; most of it occurs during the period from June through September—the time of the monsoon winds. Tem- peratures range from about 50°F in January to 78°F in July. The southern region lies between the Indian border and the Churia Hills; included in this general area are the forest-clad Churia Hills and the Bhabar slope, known together as the foothills or the Inner Terai. -
Nepali Times Welcomes All Mechanisms Also Prevent WFP One Objective and That Is to Who Are Open to Ideas, Who Can Portrays and in No Way Can We Feedback
#256 15 - 21 July 2005 16 pages Rs 30 UPSIDE DOWN WORLD: Pedestrians reflected in a Weekly Internet Poll # 256 puddle at Basantapur after Q. How confident are you that the new rains on Wednesday afternoon. budget will help Nepal make an economic turnaround? Total votes:413 Weekly Internet Poll # 257. To vote go to: www.nepalitimes.com Q... Should the ban on news on FM radios be lifted? Comrades-in-armsKIRAN PANDAY Looking at Nepal’s Maoist revolution through Indian Naxalite eyes CK LAL in BIHAR open dasgaja strip too is now going to Panditji’s paan shop Naxalite attack on the town of under close security watch. India’s down the road. Madhuban in which 21 people ere in the densely paramilitary Seema Suraksha Bal On the Nepal side, every were killed and six government populated Ganga plains, the (SSB) now pull up rickshaw shopkeeper is up to date on the buildings razed (see: ‘Spillover’, H10-yard strip separating wallas if they park their tricycles latest Maoist exploits. In Bihar, #254), there is a surprising lack of Nepal and India has never been on no-man’s land. despite media hype about the concern about Maoist activity treated like a national frontier. Security is stricter than before Naxalite ‘menace’ engulfing 160 along the border. Land is too precious to leave and there is talk here of introduc- districts in 12 Indian states, If the local people it as a no-man’s land. Nepali and ing identity cards and barbed-wire people along the border seem aren’t the least bit Editorial p2 fences to regulate crossborder barely aware of the activities of interested, we Democracy in Press Freedom for Indian farmers use it for grazing installments livestock, playing cricket or even movement.