DOCSLIB.ORG

I University Microfilms, a XERO\Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I University Microfilms, a XERO\Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 70-26,330 MEOLA, Shirlee May, 1935- A HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE CORPUS CARDIACUM OF THE MOSQUITO. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Zoology I University Microfilms, A XERO\Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED A HISTOPHY3IOIOG1CAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE CORPUS CARDIACUM OF THE MOSQUITO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Shirlee May Heola, B.Sc., M.Sc. * * a* * * * The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Adviser Zoology Department ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The assistance and advice of my adviser Dp . Wayne Parrish in the use of the electron microscope is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the advice and encouragement of Dr. Willard Myser. I wish to thank Mr. Joe ONeal and Mr. William Janse of the Entomological Research Center, Vero Beach, Florida, for their assistance in preparation of the illustrations. My gratitude is extended to Dr. Carl Venard for his critical reading of the dissertation and suggestions for its improvement. I am especially indebted to Dr. Arden 0. Lea for his suggestion of the problem and under whose direction this research was carried out. Financial support was received from the U.S. Public Health Service through Research Grant No AI-06587 to Dr. Lea. To my husband, Dr. Roger Meola, who has endured this effort with infinite patience, I extend my gratitude for rearing the mosquitoes and performing the operations. ii VITA December 7, 1935 .... Born - Canton, Ohio 1 9 5 3 ................... B.Sc., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1957“I960 ............. Research Assistant, Department of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1 9 6 1 ..... ........ M.Sc., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I96O-I963 ...... Research Assistant, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1964-1969 ...... Biologist, Florida State Board of Health, Vero Beach, Florida 1970-present ............ Research Associate, Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia PUBLICATIONS "Sensitive Paraldehyde-fuchsin Technique for the Neurosecretory System of Mosquitoes." Trans. Am. Microscop. Soc. 89(1):66-71. 1970. "Histological Changes in the Corpus Cardiacum of Adult Mosquitoes." Trans. Am. Microscop. Soc. (in press) FIELDS OF STUDY Major Fields Zoology Vertebrate Zoology: Chromatography of the Free Amino Acids in the Serum of Different Genera of Pheasants." Professors Eugene Good and Carl Reese. Cytology and Pathology: Professors Willard Myser, Wayne Parrish and Dante Scarepelli Neurosecretion: Professor Arden Lea (Supervisor of off-campus research at the Entomological Research Center, Florida State Board of Health and at The University of Georgia). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................. ,....................... ii VITA ..................................................... iii INTRODUCTION............... ............................... 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS .................... 5 RESULTS I. The Anatomy of the Cephalic Aorta . 9 II. The Anatomy of the Cerebral Neurosecretory System A. The Neurosecretory Cells of the Br ain........ 13 B. The Structure ofthe Corpus Cardiacum........... 15 1. The Neurohemal Sites of the Cardiacum ....... 17 2. The Neuroglial Cells of the Cardiacum...... 19 3. The Elementary Neurosecretory Granules of the Cardiacum ........ 20 C. The Nervi Corporis Allati and Nervi Oesophagei .... 22 D. The Neurosecretory Cells of the Cardiacum” Allatum Complex ...... 22 III. The Anatomy of the Stomodeal System .... 23 IV. A Comparative Study on the Corpus Cardiacum of Unoperated and Operated Mosquitoes ............ 25 A. Paraldehyde-fuchsin Stainable Material in the Cardiacum of Unoperated Mosquitoes ..... 25 B. Paraldehyde-fuchsin Stainable Material in the Cardiacum of Operated (MNC-Ablated) Mosquitoes .... 26 iv Pag© DISCUSSION .............................................. 28 I, The Corpus Cardiacum 29 II. Similarities Between the Neurosecretory Systems of Mosquitoes and Vertebrates 33 III. Musculature of the Aorta Associated with the Corpus Cardiacum ..... 34 IV. The Recurrent Nerve ..... 36 V. Histological Changes in the Corpus Cardiacum.......... 36 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN FIGURES............................. 39 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................... 41 FIGURES ................................................. 45 APPENDIX................................................ 81 LITERATURE CITED......................................... 84 v INTRODUCTION Groups of cells that have the structure of a neuron but the function of an endocrine gland have been found in the central nervous system of both vertebrates and invertebrates. These neurosecretory cells have been studied in annelids (Oosaki, 1966} Hagadorn, 1958), molluscs (Gabe, 1965), crustacea (Knowles, 1962), fish (Palay, I96I), amphibia (Dawson, 1953} Smoller, 1966), reptiles (Scharrer, 195*0* birds (Nishioka, 196*0 and mammals (Bodian, 1963} 1966} Sloper, 195^; Barer, 1966), as well as in many orders of insects. The perikarya and axons of some neurosecretory cells contain material that stains with paraldehyde-fuchsin and in this manner these neurons can be detected and their tracts traced. The axons of neuro­ secretory cells terminate adjacent to vascular or hemocoel spaces into which they release their products. These areas of storage and release are termed neurohemal organs. The major neurosecretory system in the brain of vertebrates is the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. In this system the neurosecretory perikarya are in the hypothalamus and the neurohemal sites are in the pars nervosa and the median eminence. In insects the corpus cardiacum is the major neurohemal organ of the neurosecretory cells of the protocerebrum. Hanstrom (19hl) suggested that the hypothalamo-neuropophyseal system of vertebrates might be analogous to the intercerebralis-corpus cardiacum system of insects. In insects several groups of neurosecretory cells synthesize tropic hormones that are essential for metamorphosis, tanning, and digestion (review by Wigglesworth, 1964). The medial neurosecretory cells appear to be the major source of these hormones. In some species medial neurosecretory cell perikarya also produce a hormone essential for egg maturation (Thomsen, 1952; Highnam, 1962; Girardie, 1966; Lea, 1967} Wilkens, 1968). The hormone apparently moves through the axons of these cells by axoplasmic flow and accumulates in the corpus cardiacum, because transplanted corpora cardiaca, as well as transplanted medial neurosecretory cells, will restore egg maturation which has been arrested by ablation of the medial neuro­ secretory cell perikarya (Thomsen, 1952; Lea, 1970). Several investigators (Highnam, 1962; Delphin, 1965; Strong, 1965; Girardie, 1966; Thomsen, 1969) have reported that the cytoplasmic inclusions which stain with paraldehyde-fuchsin, move through the axons of the medial neurosecretory cells to the corpus cardiacum. In aphids and cockroaches paraldehyde-fuchsin stainable material has been traced through the corpus cardiacum to organs in the thorax and ab­ domen (Johnson and Bowers, 1963)* However, in most insects this material accumulates either in the cardiacum or in the wall of the aorta (Nayar, 1956; Johansson, 1958; Strong, 1965). Considerable variation in the gross structure of the cardiacum has been reported in different species of insects (review by Bern and Hagadorn, 1965). In contrast, the ultrastructure of the cardiacum has been remarkably consistent (Bowers and Johnson, 1966; King, et al., 1966; Norman, 1965; Scharrer, 1963: Smith, 1966), In general micro­ graphs published thus far, depict a ganglion that contains a single neurohemal site consisting of terminals of intrinsic and extrinsic cells# These terminals appear to release their neurosecretory products into the hemocoel surrounding the cardiacum# Variations at the ultrastructural level consist mainly of differences in the size and electron density of the elementary neurosecretory granules in the neurons# The present report describes the histology of the cerebral neuro- secretory system of the mosquito# Its major contribution is a descrip­ tion of the ultrastructure of the corpus cardiacum and of the neuro­ secretory cells of the cardiacum-allatum complex# Surprisingly, the ultrastructure of the cardiacum of mosquitoes has not been previously examined for neurosecretory terminals, although more is known about the synthesis, storage, and release of the egg development neuro­ secretory hormone in this species than in any other insect. The cerebral neurosecretory system was also examined for histo­ logical changes during egg maturation. Other investigators have ob­ served fluctuations in the paraldehyde-fuchsin stainable material in the cardiacum of insects other than mosquitoes (Highnam, 1962; Mordue, 1967). However, as yet, there is no experimental evidence that a hormone is stored or released from the cardiacum in these species. In Aedes sollicitans. a blood meal is essential for egg matura­ tion, because the ingestion of blood acts as a stimulus causing the release of the egg development neurosecretory hormone from the cardi­ acum (Lea, 1970), The blood also supplies protein for egg maturation# But if, instead of blood, the mosquitoes are fed sugar, the hormone accumulates in the cardiacum. The release of the hormone can only be detected when the medial neurosecretory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • MOSQUITOES of the SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
    L f ^-l R A R > ^l^ ■'■mx^ • DEC2 2 59SO , A Handbook of tnV MOSQUITOES of the SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES W. V. King G. H. Bradley Carroll N. Smith and W. C. MeDuffle Agriculture Handbook No. 173 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE \ I PRECAUTIONS WITH INSECTICIDES All insecticides are potentially hazardous to fish or other aqpiatic organisms, wildlife, domestic ani- mals, and man. The dosages needed for mosquito control are generally lower than for most other insect control, but caution should be exercised in their application. Do not apply amounts in excess of the dosage recommended for each specific use. In applying even small amounts of oil-insecticide sprays to water, consider that wind and wave action may shift the film with consequent damage to aquatic life at another location. Heavy applications of insec- ticides to ground areas such as in pretreatment situa- tions, may cause harm to fish and wildlife in streams, ponds, and lakes during runoff due to heavy rains. Avoid contamination of pastures and livestock with insecticides in order to prevent residues in meat and milk. Operators should avoid repeated or prolonged contact of insecticides with the skin. Insecticide con- centrates may be particularly hazardous. Wash off any insecticide spilled on the skin using soap and water. If any is spilled on clothing, change imme- diately. Store insecticides in a safe place out of reach of children or animals. Dispose of empty insecticide containers. Always read and observe instructions and precautions given on the label of the product. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agriculture Handbook No.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Effects of Aerial Spray Technologies on Biting Flies
    TESTING EFFECTS OF AERIAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES ON BITING FLIES AND NONTARGET INSECTS AT THE PARRIS ISLAND MARINE CORPS RECRUIT DEPOT, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA. A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mark S. Breidenbaugh December 2008 Dissertation written by Mark S. Breidenbaugh B.S., California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 1994 M.S., University of California, Riverside, 1997 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2008 Approved by _____________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Ferenc A. de Szalay _____________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Benjamin A. Foote _____________________________ Mark W. Kershner _____________________________ Scott C. Sheridan Accepted by ______________________________, Chair, Department of Biological Sciences James L. Blank ______________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences John R.D. Stalvey ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………viii LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………….…………………………………………xiv CHAPTER I. An introduction to the biting flies of Parris Island and the use of aerial spray technologies in their control……………………………………………..1 Biology of biting midges .....……..……………………………………………..1 Culicoides as nuisance pests and vectors……………………………3 Biology of mosquitoes…………………………………………………………..5 Mosquitoes as nuisance pests and vectors…………………………..6 Integrated pest management…………………………………………………..7 Physical barriers…………………………………………………………8
    [Show full text]
  • North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control
    Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 4537-4605; doi:10.3390/ijerph9124537 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control Jorge R. Rey 1,*, William E. Walton 2, Roger J. Wolfe 3, C. Roxanne Connelly 1, Sheila M. O’Connell 1, Joe Berg 4, Gabrielle E. Sakolsky-Hoopes 5 and Aimlee D. Laderman 6 1 Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory and Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 342962, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.M.O.C.) 2 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Franklin, CT 06254, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Biohabitats, Inc., 2081 Clipper Park Road, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Cape Cod Mosquito Control Project, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-772-778-7200 (ext. 136). Received: 11 September 2012; in revised form: 21 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 November 2012 / Published: 10 December 2012 Abstract: Wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. There is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Insects
    UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report Title Marine Insects Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pm1485b Author Cheng, Lanna Publication Date 1976 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Marine Insects Edited by LannaCheng Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. NORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANAY, AMSTERDAM- OXFORD AMERICANELSEVIERPUBLISHINGCOMPANY , NEWYORK © North-Holland Publishing Company - 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the copyright owner. North-Holland ISBN: 0 7204 0581 5 American Elsevier ISBN: 0444 11213 8 PUBLISHERS: NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY - AMSTERDAM NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY LTD. - OXFORD SOLEDISTRIBUTORSFORTHEU.S.A.ANDCANADA: AMERICAN ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC . 52 VANDERBILT AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Marine insects. Includes indexes. 1. Insects, Marine. I. Cheng, Lanna. QL463.M25 595.700902 76-17123 ISBN 0-444-11213-8 Preface In a book of this kind, it would be difficult to achieve a uniform treatment for each of the groups of insects discussed. The contents of each chapter generally reflect the special interests of the contributors. Some have presented a detailed taxonomic review of the families concerned; some have referred the readers to standard taxonomic works, in view of the breadth and complexity of the subject concerned, and have concentrated on ecological or physiological aspects; others have chosen to review insects of a specific set of habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • MS V16 N2 P212-225.Pdf
    212 Mosquito Systematics Vol. 16(2) 1984 Biography of Kenneth Lee Knight Dr. Knight was born on a farm near Saunemin, Illinois, on March 16, 1915. He graduated as Valedictorian in 1932 from Saunemin Township High School. His undergraduate training was received at Illinois State Normal University (now Illinois State University), Normal, where in 1937 he received a B.Ed. degree in Biology. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Entomology in 1939 and 1941 respectively were earned at the University of Illinois, Urbana. In the Sumner of 1941 he was commissioned an Ensign, H-V(S), USNR, and sent to the Malaria Survey Unit, Marine Barracks, New River, North Carolina (now Camp Lejeune) for training duty. This tour included two months detached duty in the spring of 1942 to the Navy Air Station (for lighter-than-air craft), Elizabeth City, N.C. to install a drainage system for the management of Anopheles latus. In June 1942, he was ordered to Efate Island, New Hebrldes as entomo=?= o- mfor the first WW-II malaria control unit to be based in the South Pacific. In November 1942, he was sent to Guadalcanal to initiate anopheline mosqui- to control there. His orders were modified in December 1942 to make him Area Entomologist on the Staff of the CommanderSouth Pacific (Admiral Halsey then commanding) and a member of the South Pacific Headquarters Malaria Control Unit. He served in this capacity until the end of 1943, during which time he had over- sight responsibilities for the entomological activities of the Army and Navy Malaria Control Units situated in the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Spontaneous Flight Activity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Infected with Filarial Nematodes William Joseph Berry Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1988 Spontaneous flight activity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) infected with filarial nematodes William Joseph Berry Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Berry, William Joseph, "Spontaneous flight activity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) infected with filarial nematodes " (1988). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8826. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8826 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Pest Control Manual (Currently with the South Walton Mosquito Control Was Prepared by Elisabeth Beck of the Florida District)
    Public Health Pest Control APPLICATOR TRAINING MANUAL NICOLE “NIKKI” FRIED, Commissioner Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 3125 Conner Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650 Public Health Pest Control APPLICATOR TRAINING MANUAL Nicole “Nikki” Fried, Commissioner Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 3125 Conner Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650 Acknowledgements In accordance with Florida Administrative Code and to extension specialists in neighboring states for Chapter 5E-13.040, all persons who apply or supervise valuable ideas and visual aids. Credit is due to the late the application of a pesticide intended to control Paul J. Hunt, and John Gamble, East Volusia Mosquito arthropods on property other than their own individual Control District, and Thomas M. Loyless, Bureau of residential or agricultural property must be licensed to Entomology and Pest Control (BEPC) of FDACS for do so with a Public Health Pest Control (PHPC) license photographs of equipment and habitats. or work under the supervision of a licensed applicator. Thanks are due to Dr. Carlyle B. Rathburn, In order to obtain the PHPC license, applicants must retired, John A. Mulrennan, Sr. Public Health score 70% or above on two exams administered by the Entomology Research and Education Center for the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer section on calibration of equipment, Dr. Philip Koehler, Services (FDACS): the General Standards (Core) exam Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, and the Public Health Pest Control exam. This Public University of Florida, and William R. Opp, retired, Lee Health Pest Control Manual, in conjunction with the County Mosquito Control District for additional Core Manual “Applying Pesticides Correctly” published technical assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • T3-B1-Mosquitoecology.Pdf
    Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three – Book 1 -- Long Island Mosquitoes October 2004 SUFFOLK COUNTY LONG TERM PLAN The Consultant Team Cashin, Associates, P.C. Hauppauge, NY Subconsultants Cameron Engineering, L.L.P. Syosset, NY Integral Consulting Annapolis, MD Bowne Management Systems, Inc. Mineola, NY Kamazima Lwiza, PhD University at Stony Brook, NY Ducks Unlimited Stony Brook, NY Steven Goodbred, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY RTP Environmental Westbury, NY Sinnreich, Safar & Kosakoff Central Islip, NY Bruce Brownawell, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY Anne McElroy, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY Andrew Spielman, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Richard Pollack, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Wayne Crans, PhD Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Susan Teitelbaum, PhD Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY Zawicki Vector Management Consultants Freehold, NJ Robert Turner, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Christopher Gobler, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Jerome Goddard, PhD Mississippi Department of Health, Jackson, MS Sergio Sanudo, PhD & Laboratory University of Stony Brook, NY Suffolk County Department of Health Hauppauge, NY Services, Division of Environmental Quality Project Management Richard LaValle, P.E., Chief Deputy Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Commissioner Yaphank, NY Vito Minei, P.E., Director, Division of Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Environmental Quality Hauppauge, NY Walter Dawydiak, Jr., P.E., J.D., Chief Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Engineer, Division of Environmental Hauppauge, NY Quality Dominick Ninivaggi, Superintendent, Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Division of Vector Control Yaphank, NY Cashin Associates, P.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquitopia: the Place of Pests in a Healthy World / Edited by Marcus Hall and Dan Tamir
    MOSQUITOPIA This edited volume brings together natural scientists, social scientists and humanists to assess if (or how) we may begin to coexist harmoniously with the mosquito. The mosquito is humanity’s deadliest animal, killing over a million people each year by transmitting malaria, yellow fever, Zika and several other diseases. Yet of the 3,500 species of mosquito on Earth, only a few dozen of them are really dangerous—so that the question arises as to whether humans and their mosquito foe can learn to live peacefully with one another. Chapters assess polarizing arguments for conserving and preserving mosquitoes, as well as for controlling and killing them, elaborating on possible consequences of both strategies. This book provides informed answers to the dual question: could we eliminate mosquitoes, and should we? Offering insights spanning the technical to the philosophical, this is the “go to” book for exploring humanity’s many relationships with the mosquito—which becomes a journey to finding better ways to inhabit the natural world. Mosquitopia will be of interest to anyone wanting to explore dependencies between human health and natural systems, while offering novel perspectives to health planners, medical experts, environmentalists and animal rights advocates. Marcus Hall is an environmental historian and professor at the University of Zurich. In exploring changing human relationships with the natural world, Hall has turned to such subjects as restoring, rewilding, invasive species, warfare, earth art, chronobi- ology, malaria, and parasites. His books include Earth Repair, Restoration and History, Crossing Mountains, and (with Marco Armiero) Nature and History in Modern Italy. Dan Tamïr is environmental historian and research associate at the University of Zurich.
    [Show full text]
  • CDC INFORMATION Cenil . CENTERS for DISEASE Contru
    Aedes aegypti Handbook Series No. 2 Harry D. Pratt - Kent S. Littig - Milton E. Tinker ENTOMOLOGICAL HANDBOOK FOR AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION Preliminary Issue September 1966 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Communicable Disease Center Aedes aegypti Eradication Branch Atlanta, Georgia 30333 CDC INFORMATION CENi l. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTRu ATLANTA, GA 30333 ENTOMOLOGICAL HANDBOOK FOR AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION CONTENTS Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Distribution ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Biology and Habits of Aedes aegypti------------------------------------------ 3 Life Cycle -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 The Egg Stage -------------------------------------------------------- 3 The Larval Stage ---------------------------------------------------- 6 The Pupal Stage ----------------------------------------------------- 7 The Adult Stage ----------------------------------------------------- 7 Other Common Mosquitoes Breeding in Containers ------------------------ 11 Mosquito Collection and Identification -------------------------------- 12 Field Collection and Recognition ----------------------------------- 12 Laboratory Identification of Mosquitoes ---------------------------- 17 Pictorial Key to Some Common Mosquito Larvae Found in Artificial Containers -------------------------------------------------- 24 Key to Larval Mosquitoes Found in Receptacles ------------------------- 25-34
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Update to the 1998 Mosquito Control Program
    Update to the 1998 Mosquito Control Program Generic Environmental Impact Report (GEIR) EOEEA #5027 August 14, 2009 1 Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Synopsis 3 Limits and Challenges of the Update 3-4 A. Mosquito Control Program Review 4-21 A.1. General Goals of Mosquito Control 4 A.1.A. Integrated Pest Management 4-5 A.1.B. Benefits of Mosquito Control 5 A.1.C. Basis for Administrative Structure of Mosquito Control 6-8 A.1.D. Current Mosquito Control Project Membership 8 A.1.E. Overview of MCPs 8 A.1.F. Practices and procedures used by MCP: changes since 1998 GEIR 9 A.1.G. Influence of West Nile virus 9-11 A.1.H. Larviciding and adulticiding 11-21 A.1.H.1. Larviciding 11-13 A.1.H.2. Source reduction 13-16 A.1.H.3. Adulticiding 16-17 A.1.I. Potential products for future use in Massachusetts 17-18 A.1.K. Paradigm for Geographic Information Systems Use 18-19 A.1.L. Open Marsh Water Management 19 A.1.M. Education and Outreach 19-20 A.2. Legal Issues influencing Mosquito Control 20-21 A.2.A. Children's Protection Act 20 A.2.B. Clean Water Act/National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 20-21 B. Detailed description of Massachusetts Mosquito Monitoring Program 21-30 B.1. Definition of "monitoring" 21 B.2. Definition of "surveillance" 22 B.3. Discussion of comments from Secretary's Certificates on Mosquito Control 22-30 B.3.A. Comment on "comprehensive monitoring" 22-23 B.3.B.
    [Show full text]