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THE KHOTANESE BHADRACARYADESANA Text, Translation, and Glossary, Together with the Buddhist Sanskrit Original

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THE KHOTANESE BHADRACARYADESANA Text, Translation, and Glossary, Together with the Buddhist Sanskrit Original Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 39, nr. 2 Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 39, no.2(1961) THE KHOTANESE BHADRACARYADESANA Text, translation, and glossary, together with the Buddhist Sanskrit original BY JES PETER ASMUSSEN København 1961 i kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab udgiver følgende publikationsrækker: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters issues the following series of publications: Bibliographical Abbreviation Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed (8°) Overs. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Annual in Danish) Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser (8°) Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (4°) Hist. Filos. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (History, Philology, Philosophy, Archeology, Art History) Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser (8°) Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Matematisk-fysiske Skrifter (4°) Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology) Biologiske Meddelelser (8°) Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Biologiske Skrifter (4°) Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Botany, Zoology, General Biology) Selskabets sekretariat og postadresse: Dantes Plads 5, København V. The address of the secretariate of the Academy is: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Dantes Plads 5, Kobenhavn V, Denmark. Selskabets kommissionær: E j n a r M u n k s g a a r d ’s Forlag, Nørregade 6, København K. The publications are sold by the agent of the Academy : E j n a r M u n k s g a a r d , Publishers, 6 Norregade, Kobenhavn K, Denmark. Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 39, nr. 2 Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2 (1961) THE KHOTANESE BHADRACARYADESANA Text, translation, and glossary, together with the Buddhist Sanskrit original BY JES PETER ASMUSSEN København 1961 i kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard Printed in Denmark Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri A-S Preface had the privilege of reading most of the Khotanese text with I Professor Sir Harold W. Bailey in Cambridge during the au­ tumn of 1958. Without his unique helpfulness and kindness this work could not have been completed. For the interest he has taken in my work, his reading through the manuscript, the new material he has given me, and for many other things my cordial thanks are tendered to him. A great appreciation is due to the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris for the permission to reproduce photographs of the orig­ inal MS. Also in this case I am in a deep debt of gratitude to Professor Kaj Barr for encouragement and help, so generously given at all times. Copenhagen, November 1960. Jes Peter Asmussen The Buddhist Sanskrit Bhadracaripranidhanagathah1, com ­ posed in the so-called Dodhaka metre (— )2, has al­ ready from the 4th century A.D. enjoyed great favour in all areas, where Mahay ana Buddhism was preponderant. For centuries parts of the poem have played a significant liturgical role, and certain verses (especially the confession of sin, verse VIII) are still used in the daily cult of several sects in Japan. It has thus early been considered an independent text, although in the San­ skrit manuscripts and in the Chinese and Tibetan translations it only forms the concluding part of the Gandavyuhasiitra w hich in turn is part of the Avatcirpsakasutra. The Bhadracaripranidhanagathah is in its present form a genuine expression of Mahayana piety, which without embarking upon detailed questions of theology emphasizes the veneration and worship of the Buddhas (the anuttarapuja s)3, in the main part points out the importance of the vows (pranidhdna), and at last forms the sincere hope of rebirth in the Sukhdvati-ksetra (suhdva ksittrd) of Amitabha4. The text exists in a northern and a southern edition, repre­ sented respectively by the Nepalese and the Japanese manu­ scripts. Seen apart from a divergent order of certain verses the agreement between the two editions is almost complete5. 1 Commonly known as the Bhadracari (Tib. Bzan-spyod). On other titles cfr. W a t a n a b e p. 10, 19, and 23, and S u sh a m a D e v i’s critical edition Samantabhadra- carya-pranidhanaraja, Sata Pitakam, Indo-Asian Literature Vol. 4, International Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi 1958, p. 10-13. See M. W in t e r n it z : Geschichte der Indischen Litteratur II, p. 377, Leipzig 1913, History of Indian Literature II, p. 325-327, Calcutta 1933. 2 W a t a n a b e p . 2 4 -26. 3 F. D. K. B o s c h : De Bhadracari afgebeeld op den hoofdmuur der vierde gaanderij van den Baraboedoer, BTLVN-I Deel 97, 1938, p. 243. 4 According to B o sc h , op. cit. p. 249, the Amitabha-section may be a later addition. 5 The BSkrt. text of the present edition is a transcription of D. T. S u z u k i & H o k e i I d z u m i: The Gandavyuha Sutra, Part IV, Kyoto 1936, p. 543.9-548.2. The edition of S ush a m a D e v i includes in addition to the BSkrt. text the Tibetan 6 Nr. 2 Already in the beginning of the fifth century the text was translated into Chinese by Buddhabhadra under the title of Mahjusripranidhdnasutra (Wen shu shih li fa yiian ching). The translation, which was based on a BSkrt. MS from Khotan, com­ prises only 44 verses. In the 8th century two complete translations were brought forth, one by Amoghavajra, the teacher of Hui kuo, in the reign of Tai tsung of the T'ang dynasty (Phi hsien p lu sa hin yiian tsan), and one by Prdjha in the 12th year of Chen yiian (796 A.D.) as the concluding part of his Gandavyuha translation6. To Japan the poem was first brought by Kukai, the disciple of Hui kuo, in 806 A.D. During the following 40 years three additional copies were imported (by Engyo, Kukai’s disciple, and by Eun). Although Kukai’s original copy is lost, several copies of it have been preserved, the oldest one dating back as far as 966 A .D .7 The Khotanese Bhadracaryddesand8 is a rather free rendering of the BSkrt. original, in some cases more a paraphrase than a translation, but its existence is another testimony to the favour­ able reception and wide propagation of this small text among the communities of Mahayana Buddhism. It is a text of Later Kho­ tanese, the language of the majority of the existing Khotanese literature. A detailed description of its grammar has been given by M. J. D r e s d e n 9. and the three Chinese translations. Text and translation also in B osch op. cit. p. 255-291 and H o k e i I d u m i : The Hymn on the Life and Vows of Samantabhradra, The Eastern Buddhist V, 1929-1931, p.226-247. German translation of 19 verses in Religionsgeschichtliches Lesebuch, herausgegeben von A l f r e d B e r t h o l e t , Heft 15: Der Mahayana-Buddhismus. Von M. W in t e r n it z , Tubingen 1930, p. 77-78. 6 Cfr. W a ta n a b e p. 19-21 and H o k e i Id u m i op. cit. p. 228-229. On the Tibetan translation see W a t a n a b e p. 21. 7 W a t a n a b e p.13-14, H o k e i I d u m i op. cit. p. 231. 8 H. W. B a il e y : Khotanese Texts 1, Cambridge 1945, p. 222-230. A few words from the same MS (P 3513, fol. 43vl—58r2) have been quoted by P. P e l l io t : Un fragment du Suvarnaprabhasasutra en iranien oriental, MSLP XVIII, 1912­ 1914, p. 105—108 & 123. The first 23 verses of the Khotanese text were reproduced in K o n o w , Primer p. 85-88. 9 On the twro stages of Khotanese see D r e s d e n p. 404 f. Old Khotanese (especially E) also includes the AvalokitesvaradharanI (KT III. p. 1-13). Bhadracaryadesana Khotanese Text and Translation together with the Buddhist-Sanskrit Original 1 . P 3513.43-58 43 v 1 | siddham aurgci tsum asnci pada sadi jsa brrlya1. parimartha-bhqnai hvastci mamjusri. 2 kusta ysautta | kqme scV mydmja sira. samdham samatha sV sain mamjusri. < 1 > Welfare! 1. First, first I come (go) with reverence, with faith, in love 2. to ManjusrI, the best, the preacher of the supreme knowledge, 3. where desires [have] ceased2, that is happy fortune, 4. the trance, the (states of) tranquility, this is ManjusrI 2 . 3 baudhasatud namasum ttu samanitta | bhadra puri ba'ysqna bisdm dukhdin jindkd. hamamgte dyqma vara samanittabhadrd 4 | ttdharai astd avarauttd akhaustd. <2> 1. I bow down to the Bodhisattva, this Samantabhadra, 2. the Buddha-son3, the destroyer of all miseries. 3. Entirely good to look at, Samantabhadra. 4. Perfect he is, with no bases (unbased)4, unmoved. 1 sadi jsa brrlya, e. g. Jatakast. 9v4, 22 r 1—2, 23 r4. 2 Similar passage Ch 00266.241 (KBT 105). 3 Sanskrit compound = Khot. noun + adjective. 4 Cfr. BSKrt. apratisthita, E d g e r t o n p. 48, and aneya, anenjya, ibid. p. 37. 8 Nr. 2 3. bis i g y asta ba'ysa baudh asa tuya u hamtsa. 44 r 1 tti va viña ham bä\dä mahü áysda yindmde. khu byehü pyüsti vasva bhadra-cirya. 2 tcanma bisä karma andvarina ha\märe 3 1. All the Buddhas5 together with the Bodhisattvas, 2.
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