Zaufanie Do Polityków W Lutym
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Evaluation of the Partnership for Democracy in Respect of the Parliament of Morocco
http://assembly.coe.int Doc. 13807 08 June 2015 Evaluation of the partnership for democracy in respect of the Parliament of Morocco Report1 Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy Rapporteur: Mr Bogdan KLICH, Poland, Group of the European People's Party Summary The report is a follow-up to Resolution 1942 (2013) whereby the Assembly resolved to continue reviewing the implementation of the partnership for democracy with the Parliament of Morocco, and to make a new assessment within two years. It takes stock of the state of political reform in the country and of the respect of political commitments undertaken in the framework of the partnership. The report makes an overall positive assessment of the results achieved, and welcomes the fact that the partnership has been instrumental in launching and developing crucial reforms in a number of key areas, and in triggering multi-faceted co-operation between the Council of Europe and Moroccan institutions. The partnership must remain an important tool aimed at streamlining the programme of reforms and increasing the role and responsibility of the parliament in this process. In this context, the report notes that the pace of legislative and institutional reforms needs to be stepped up so as to implement fully the ambitions of the 2011 Constitution. More efforts are needed, on the part of the Moroccan Parliament, to make progress towards the abolition of death penalty, preventing human rights violations, and ensuring equal opportunities for women and men. The report suggests that the Parliamentary Assembly should continue reviewing the implementation of political reforms in Morocco and offering its assistance to the Moroccan Parliament, and make a new assessment of the partnership when appropriate. -
Poland by Piotr Arak, Andrzej Bobiński
Poland by Piotr Arak, Andrzej Bobiński Capital: Warsaw Population: 38 million GNI/capita, PPP: $25,930 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 National Democratic 3.25 3.50 3.25 3.25 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 Governance Electoral Process 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 Civil Society 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 Independent Media 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 3.00 Local Democratic 1.75 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.50 1.50 Governance Judicial Framework 3.25 2.50 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 and Independence Corruption 3.00 2.75 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 Democracy Score 2.39 2.25 2.32 2.21 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.21 2.32 2.57 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. If consensus cannot be reached, Freedom House is responsible for the final ratings. The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. -
60 Years of Diplomatic Relations Between Poland and the People’S Republic of China Historical Review
POLISH POLITICAL SCIENCE VOL XL 2011 PL ISSN 0208-7375 60 YEARS OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN POLAND AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HISTORICAL REVIEW by Marceli Burdelski ! e diplomatic relations between Poland and China had been estab- lished before World War II. ! e new stage in the relations has started on October 7, 1949, when Poland o" cially recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was declared on October 1, 1949. 1 ! erefore, in 2009, we had two anniversaries: the 60 th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of china and the 60 th anniversary of establishing the diplomatic relations between Poland and PRC. ! is gives the opportunity to summarize mutual relations. ! ose 60 years have been # lled with positive stories, which had signi# cant in$ uence on the development of bilateral relations. However, one can also # nd di" cult, even tragic moments during the history of these two nations. ! ose uneasy moments had also direct impact on mutual relations. 1 J. Rowiński, Wahadło, czyli stosunki polityczne PRL–ChRL , [in:] Polska–Chiny Wczo raj, dziś, jutro , ed. B. Góralczyk, Toruń 2009, p. 19. 212 MARCELI BURDELSKI 1. THE INTERWAR PERIOD 1918 1939 AND THE POSTWAR ERA AFTER 1945 When Poland restored its independence in 1918, China was immersed in post-revolution chaos. A! er the Revolution of 1911, which overthrown the Qing dynasty, the attempts to implement multi-parties, parliamentary democracy based on the western model have failed completely. As a result the informal dissolution of the state – that transformed into smaller and greater quasi-state entities controlled by local warlords, sometimes waging wars against each other – took place. -
Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe
Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe Steven A. Hildreth Specialist in Missile Defense Carl Ek Specialist in International Relations September 23, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34051 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe Summary In early 2007, after several years of internal discussions and consultations with Poland and the Czech Republic, the Bush Administration formally proposed deploying a ground-based mid- course defense (GMD) element in Europe of the larger Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend against an Iranian missile threat. The system would have included 10 interceptors in Poland, a radar in the Czech Republic, and another radar deployed in a country closer to Iran, all to be completed by 2013 at a reported cost of at least $4 billion. The proposed European BMD capability raised a number of foreign policy challenges in Europe and with Russia. On September 17, 2009, the Obama Administration announced it would cancel the Bush- proposed European BMD program. Instead, Defense Secretary Gates announced U.S. plans to develop and deploy a regional BMD capability that can be deployed around the world on relatively short notice during crises or as the situation may demand. Gates argued this new capability, based primarily around current BMD sensors and interceptors, would be more responsive and adaptable to growing concern over the direction of Iranian short- and medium- range ballistic missile proliferation. This capability would continue to evolve and expand over the next decade. This report is updated for Senate consideration of the defense appropriations bill (H.R. -
Review–Chronicle
REVIEWCHRONICLE of the human rights violations in Belarus in 2005 Human Rights Center Viasna ReviewChronicle » of the Human Rights Violations in Belarus in 2005 VIASNA « Human Rights Center Minsk 2006 1 REVIEWCHRONICLE of the human rights violations in Belarus in 2005 » VIASNA « Human Rights Center 2 Human Rights Center Viasna, 2006 REVIEWCHRONICLE of the human rights violations in Belarus in 2005 INTRODUCTION: main trends and generalizations The year of 2005 was marked by a considerable aggravation of the general situation in the field of human rights in Belarus. It was not only political rights » that were violated but social, economic and cultural rights as well. These viola- tions are constant and conditioned by the authoritys voluntary policy, with Lu- kashenka at its head. At the same time, human rights violations are not merely VIASNA a side-effect of the authoritarian state control; they are deliberately used as a « means of eradicating political opponents and creating an atmosphere of intimi- dation in the society. The negative dynamics is characterized by the growth of the number of victims of human rights violations and discrimination. Under these circums- tances, with a high level of latent violations and concealed facts, with great obstacles to human rights activity and overall fear in the society, the growth points to drastic stiffening of the regimes methods. Apart from the growing number of registered violations, one should men- Human Rights Center tion the increase of their new forms, caused in most cases by the development of the state oppressive machine, the expansion of legal restrictions and ad- ministrative control over social life and individuals. -
General Performance of the Polish Presidency
117 GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF THE POLISH PRESIDENCY Piotr Maciej Kaczyński* The Treaty of Lisbon has made the rotating Council Presidency politically irrelevant. Before December 2009, national leaders controlled the activities of the Council, and the relationship between the Council and the Parliament favoured the Council much more than after December 2009. On the one hand, under the new rules the Council has lost political weight and is now balanced in almost all its activities by the European Parliament. The European Council, on the other hand, has largely taken political clout over from the Council Presidency, as it now has its own permanent president, and there is no special role left for the rotating Presidency. On top of these things, not only have the Council powers regarding other institutions been limited, but also within the Council the rotating Presidency has been limited by the permanent chair of the Foreign Affairs Council and many of the subsidiary working parties and committees. Because of all these limitations, the rotating Presidency is no longer a Union Presidency. If this concept was not yet fully visible before the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second semester of 2011, then the Polish experience was very telling. Poland is a larger EU member state; it was committed to the preparations for the Presidency for a number of years and had a dedicated political and administrative leadership. The Polish officials executed the Presidency effectively although they were doing it for the first time. And still, they fell short with political weight. Their leverage over the European Council was similar to every other country’s leverage over the European Council. -
Technical Report
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND COMMITTEE FOR THE RE-INVESTIGATION OF THE SMOLENSK AIR CRASH TECHNICAL REPORT Facts regarding the crash of the TU-154M No. 101, (Fight PLF101), that took place in Smolensk, Russia on the 10th of April 2010 This crash is being investigated by the Committee for the Re-Investigation of Air Crashes (hereby referred to as the “Committee”) and is a part of the Committee for the Investigation of National Aviation Accidents. The Committee has been tasked with the responsibility of determining the circumstances and causes of this air crash, and with the issuance of appropriate preventive recommendations. This Technical Report includes findings concerning the most important technical aspects of this crash. According to Art. 134, Sec. 1, Item 2 of the Act of July 3, 2002, Aviation Law (Unified Journal of Laws of 2017, Item 89): "The Committee does not adjudicate blame and liability", therefore any form of use of this Technical Report for purposes other than prevention of accidents and serious aviation incidents, should be considered as unauthorized, as it may lead to wrong conclusions and interpretations. 1 Chairman 1. Antoni Macierewicz First Vice Chairman 2. Kazimierz Nowaczyk Second Vice Chairman 3. Wiesław Binienda Secretary 4. Marta Palonek Members 5. Janusz Bujnowski 6. Wiesław Chrzanowski 7. Marek Dąbrowski 8. Wojciech Fabianowski 9. Kazimierz Grono 10. Andrzej Łuczak 11. Ewa Anna Gruszczyńska-Ziółkowska 12. Marcin Gugulski 13. Paweł Jacek Jabczyński 14. Glenn Jørgensen 15. Jacek Kołota 16. Beata Majczyna 17. Bogdan Nienałtowski 18. Grzegorz Szuladziński 19. Janusz Więckowski 20. Piotr Witakowski 21. Tomasz Ziemski 22. Krystyna Zieniuk 2 PREFACE.......................................................................................................................................... -
Poland by Piotr Arak, Piotr Żakowiecki
Poland by Piotr Arak, Piotr Żakowiecki Capital: Warsaw Population: 38 million GNI/capita, PPP: $23,930 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 National Democratic 3.25 3.50 3.25 3.25 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 Governance Electoral Process 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.50 Civil Society 1.50 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Independent Media 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 Local Democratic 2.25 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.50 1.50 Governance Judicial Framework 2.25 2.50 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.75 and Independence Corruption 3.00 3.00 2.75 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.50 3.50 Democracy Score 2.36 2.39 2.25 2.32 2.21 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.21 2.32 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. If consensus cannot be reached, Freedom House is responsible for the final ratings. The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. -
Poland's Second Return to Europe?
BRIEF POLICY POLAND’S SECOND RETURN TO EUROPE? Paweł Swieboda´ SUMMARY The parliamentary elections on 21 October 2007 produced Donald Tusk, the new Polish Prime Minister, wants to bring Poland back to the heart of Europe, a new governing coalition between the Civic Platform and the rebuilding ties with Germany and France to create Polish People’s Party, prompting a sigh of relief in Warsaw’s a ‘Weimar Triangle’, lessening tensions with Russia, foreign policy establishment. The new government, headed and trying to make the country a genuine player by Donald Tusk, is set on changing the country’s foreign in European foreign policy. policy profi le and wants to erase memories associated with The new Government will try to rebalance its the self-centred style of their predecessors. The Kaczyn´ski relationship with the United States, slowing down twins wholeheartedly believed that Poland needed to use the move towards missile defence and withdrawing every opportunity to assert its national interests, and its troops from Iraq. eagerly used their veto power on a range of issues, including the new EU-Russia partnership agreement, the January Although there will be a change of style on contentious issues like Russia, the new government 2006 tax package, the directive on the transfer of prisoners, will still be an ‘assertive partner’ opting out of the and the European Day Against the Death Penalty. Donald Charter of Fundamental Rights; unlikely to join Tusk’s new team will follow a different logic, working more the euro; and likely to put up a fi ght against reform through discussion and persuasion rather than obstruction. -
Poland by Piotr Arak and Piotr Z˙Akowiecki
Poland by Piotr Arak and Piotr Z˙akowiecki Capital: Warsaw Population: 38.5 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$22,830 Source: The data above are drawn from the World Bank’sWorld Development Indicators 2015. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Electoral Process 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 Civil Society 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Independent Media 1.75 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 National Democratic Governance 2.75 3.25 3.50 3.25 3.25 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Local Democratic Governance 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.50 Judicial Framework and Independence 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Corruption 3.25 3.00 3.00 2.75 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.50 Democracy Score 2.14 2.36 2.39 2.25 2.32 2.21 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.21 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). -
Technical Report
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND COMMITTEE FOR THE RE-INVESTIGATION OF THE SMOLENSK AIR CRASH TECHNICAL REPORT Facts regarding the crash of the TU-154M No. 101, (Fight PLF101), that took place in Smolensk, Russia on the 10th of April 2010 This crash is being investigated by the Committee for the Re-Investigation of Air Crashes (hereby referred to as the “Committee”) and is a part of the Committee for the Investigation of National Aviation Accidents. The Committee has been tasked with the responsibility of determining the circumstances and causes of this air crash, and with the issuance of appropriate preventive recommendations. This Technical Report includes findings concerning the most important technical aspects of this crash. According to Art. 134, Sec. 1, Item 2 of the Act of July 3, 2002, Aviation Law (Unified Journal of Laws of 2017, Item 89): "The Committee does not adjudicate blame and liability", therefore any form of use of this Technical Report for purposes other than prevention of accidents and serious aviation incidents, should be considered as unauthorized, as it may lead to wrong conclusions and interpretations. 1 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Previous investigations ............................................................................................................... 5 Overhaul of the TU-154M, PLF101 .............................................................................................. 8 Access to evidence -
MIĘDZYNARODOWA KONFERENCJA „Ofiary Wypadków Drogowych - Nasza Wspólna Odpowiedzialność” 21-22 Listopada 2010 R
MIĘDZYNARODOWA KONFERENCJA „Ofiary Wypadków Drogowych - Nasza Wspólna Odpowiedzialność” 21-22 listopada 2010 r. pod patronatem Marszałka Sejmu RP Grzegorza Schetyny Komitet Honorowy: Minister Sprawiedliwości – Krzysztof Kwiatkowski Minister Infrastruktury – Cezary Grabarczyk Minister Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji – Jerzy Miller Minister Zdrowia – Ewa Kopacz Minister Edukacji Narodowej – Katarzyna Hall Minister Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego – Barbara Kudrycka Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich – Irena Lipowicz Przewodniczący Konferencji Episkopatu Polski – Arcybiskup Józef Michalik Organizatorzy Konferencji : Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości, Ministerstwo Infrastruktury, Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, Ministerstwo Zdrowia, Instytut Transportu Samochodowego, „Alter Ego” – Stowarzyszenie Pomocy Poszkodowanym w Wypadkach i Kolizjach Drogowych, „Przejście” – Stowarzyszenie Pomocy Ofiarom Wypadków i Katastrof Komunikacyjnych oraz Krajowe Centrum BRD. Komitet Organizacyjny: Piotr Kluz – Wiceminister Sprawiedliwości – przewodniczący Adam Rapacki – Podsekretarz Stanu w Ministerstwie Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji – wiceprzewodniczący Radosław Stępień – Podsekretarz Stanu w Ministerstwie Infrastruktury – wiceprzewodniczący Janusz Popiel – Prezes „Alter Ego” – Stowarzyszenia Pomocy Poszkodowanym w Wypadkach i Kolizjach Drogowych - wiceprzewodniczący Andrzej Wojciechowski – Dyrektor Instytutu Transportu Samochodowego – wiceprzewodniczący/sekretarz Barbara Bańczak Mysiak – Zastępca Dyrektora Departamentu Spraw Obronnych, Zarządzania