Inter-Athletic Council of Officials
New Official’s Basketball Class Module 12 Foul Calling Foul Calling
At the completion of this Module the student should: ◦ Understand what is the different types of fouls are ◦ Understand the difference between player and team control fouls ◦ Know what a the implications of a double foul ◦ Know where the foul calling area is located
Key Terms
Airborne Shooter Player-Control Contact Team Control Foul Incidental Contact Pushing Verticality Screening Blocking Intentional Foul Charging Flagrant Foul Hand Check Shooting Foul Holding Fighting Illegal Use of Hands
FOUL REPORTING MECHANICS Foul Reporting Procedure
Call the Foul ◦ Give foul called signal
Give Preliminary Signal (Required) ◦ Example: Hold Push Hand-checking Illegal Use of Hand Player-Control Foul Team Control Foul Foul Reporting Procedure
Inform Partners of situation ◦ Out of bounds spot ◦ Shooting Fouls ◦ Bonus ◦ Free throw shooter (if necessary)
Hustle to the reporting area ◦ Completely stop when you get there ◦ No walking and talking Foul Reporting Procedure
Report with strong voice ◦ Color ◦ Number ◦ NO POINTING TO THE BENCH
Give signal you reported at the spot of the foul
Status of the ball ◦ Free throws ◦ Throw-in spot Foul Reporting Area
Bench Table Bench
T L
L
T Stop the clock Preliminary What are we Signal doing next? (Appropriate Signal) Trail calls Foul (Half court) T Bench Table Bench
L L
3
5 3 5
4
4 2 2 1 1
T Lead Calls Foul (Half court) T Bench Table Bench
L 3
L 3
5 5 2 2
4 4
1 1 T Example: Proper Foul Sequence Non-calling official
When foul is called ◦ Freeze your eyes ◦ Move to throw-in spot or FT lane ◦ DO NOT CHASE THE BALL DOWN!!!!
All officials
Take your time Get the administration of foul right Dead ball officiating is often more important than live ball officiating Hustle to get ball back in play Make sure all officials are in position and ready to go before putting ball back in play CONTACT Contact
Rule 10-6
Players shall not: ◦ Hold, push, charge, trip or impede progress of an opponent by extending arm(s), shoulder(s), hip(s) or knee(s) or by bending his/her body into other than normal position; nor use any rough tactics LEGAL GUARDING POSITION Legal Guarding Position Rule 4-23 Guarding is an act to place the body in the path of an offensive opponent.
Obtaining LGP ◦ Player must have both feet on the floor ◦ Front of the player’s torso must be facing the opponent
Legal Guarding Position
Maintaining LGP ◦ Player may have one or both feet on the playing court or be airborne provided they have inbound status. ◦ Does not have to face opponent ◦ Player may move laterally or obliquely to maintain position, provided they are not moving towards opponent ◦ Player may raise hands or jump within his/her vertical plane ◦ Player may turn or duck to absorb the shock or imminent contact Legal Guarding Position
Time and distance is never a factor before contact
If opponent with the ball is airborne, the player must have maintained LGP before opponent left the floor AIRBORNE SHOOTER Airborne Shooter
Definition ◦ Player that has released the ball on a try for goal ◦ Player that has tapped the ball ◦ Airborne shooter is considered in the act of shooting ◦ Considered a shooter until player has returned to the floor
Airborne shooter example SHOOTING FOUL Shooting Foul
Starts with contact during the habitual motion to the basket
Contact applies on a try or tap for goal
Shooting player is allowed to finish motion to the basket
Being on or off the floor are not factors Example: Shooting foul Example: Continuous Motion Example: Continuous Motion PLAYER-CONTROL FOUL Player-Control
Any common foul involving the ball carrier
Airborne shooter is still considered in player control even if ball is not in his/her hands
Player Control Foul Defender Jumps Example: LGP and PC Foul Example: Replay INCIDENTAL CONTACT Incidental Contact
Rule 4-27
Incidental Contact is contact with an opponent which is permitted and which does not constitute a foul
10 Players moving rapidly there is bound to be contact Incidental Contact
Contact which may result when opponents are in equally favorable positions to perform normal defensive or offensive movements, should not be considered illegal, even though contact may be severe
Similarly, contact which does not hinder the opponent from normal defensive or offensive movement, should be considered incidental. Example: Incidental Contact Point of Emphasis 2011-2012 VERTICALITY Verticality Verticality
Point of Emphasis 2010-2011 Applies to a legal position Legal Guarding Position must be obtained Defender may rise or jump vertically Offensive player is responsible for clearing out or causing contact with a vertical player Defender cannot “belly up” or use lower body on offensive player Player with the ball is not given special protection over the defender Example: Verticality Verticality Example: Verticality Example: Verticality BLOCKING, CHARGING, AND HOLDING Definition of Fouls
Blocking, Charging ◦ 4-7
Holding ◦ 4-26
POINT OF EMPHISIS (Hand checking) 2012-2013 HAND CHECKING AND BODY FOULS Hand Checking and Body Fouls
Defending may not use arm(s) to move, direct, stop or impede and opponent with the ball
Two hands on an opponent is by rule a foul
Not called enough or consistently Hand Checking and Body Fouls
Judgment Guideline:
◦ RSBQ Rhythm Speed Balance Quickness
If any of these are changed “Call the foul, players will adjust” Hand Checking Foul
Examples: ◦ Both hands on an opponent ◦ Jabbing a hand or forearm on an opponent ◦ Continuous contact by a hand or forearm on an opponent
◦ Post Play Any tactic using hands, arms or body to control the movement of an opposing player Example: Hand checking Example: Hand checking Example: Body Fouls Example: Hand checking ILLEGAL USE OF HANDS Illegal Use of Hands
Players may not strike, slap or grab the hands, arms or jersey of an opponent
“Reaching in” is not a foul TEAM CONTROL FOUL Team Control
Any common foul committed by the any player of the team in control of the ball
Applies mostly on screens, post play or interrupted dribbles
Does not apply on try for goals, taps, rebounding or free-throws
New Rule added for throw-In when the ball is at the disposal of the thrower (4-12-2d) POINT OF EMPHISIS 2011-2012 SCREENING
Screening Basics
Two types of screens ◦ In the field of vision ◦ Blind
Screener can face any direction
Time and distance are relevant
“Moving screen” is not a foul
Screening Basics
Screener must be stationary, except when both (screener and screened player) are moving in the same path and direction
Screener must stay in his/her vertical plane with a stance shoulder width apart Displacement on Screens Legal Screen Illegal Screen Blind Screens
Must allow a step of the screened player
Example: Illegal Screen POINT OF EMPHISIS 2012-2013 REBOUNDING
Rebounding Illegal Rebounding Activity: ◦ Displace, charge, or push and opponent ◦ Extend shoulders, hips, knees or extend the arms or elbows fully or position other than vertically ◦ Bend in an abnormal position to hold or displace an opponent ◦ Violate the principles of verticality ◦ Contact between players in a FT lane spaces prior to the ball contacting the ring Rebounding Action
Everyone has a right to their position on the floor
Boxing out ◦ Holding your position is allowed ◦ Does not include “backing out” or pushing
Verticality also applies to rebounding plays Example: Rebounding Foul Example: Rebounding Foul POINT OF EMPHISIS 2012-2013 POST PLAY
Post Play
Point of Emphasis 2012-2013:
◦ When a player dislodges an opponent from an established position by pushing or “backing in” is a foul
◦ When a player uses hands, forearms or elbows to prevent an opponent from maintaining a legal position, it is a foul Post Play
Illegal Post Play Examples: ◦ Hooking by the offensive player
◦ Pushing, holding or slapping an opponent
◦ Dislodge an opponent by using leg or knee to the rear of an opponent
◦ Dislodging an opponent by backing them down
Post Play
Lead Official is mostly responsible for post players (3 Person)
Identify who these players are early
Each player has right to position on the floor
Offense does not get special consideration
Do not only penalize the defense for rough action DOUBLE AND SIMULTANEOUS FOULS Double Fouls
Fouls committed by opponent against each other at approximately the same time
Can be personal or technical
Simultaneous Foul
A Personal or Technical Foul by opponents is a situation which there is a foul by both teams which occur approximately at the same time, but are not committed by opponents against each other POINT OF INTERRUPTION Point of Interruption
Rule 4-36-1
Applies to ◦ Double Personal Fouls ◦ Double Technical Fouls ◦ Simultaneous Fouls
Also applies to accidental whistles, an interrupted game or correctable errors MULTIPLE FOUL Multiple Foul
A foul where two or more teammates commit personal fouls against the same opponent at approximately the same time.
Pick one or the other player
Do not call this!!!!!!
FALSE DEFINITION FOULS False Fouls
False Double Foul ◦ Rule 4-19-9
False multiple Fouls ◦ Rule 4-19-12
These are “technical” definitions; not something you actually call, but is a result of things called Point of Emphasis 2012-2013 INTENTIONAL FOUL Intentional Foul
A personal or technical foul which neutralizes an opponent’s obvious advantageous position
Contact away from the ball
Not making a legitimate attempt to play the ball Intentional Foul
May or may not be predetermined
Are not solely based on severity of contact
Should be called if excessive contact is caused by an opponent
Contact with the thrower-in ◦ Clarification 2011-2012 ◦ Foul goes to offender
Intentional Foul Penalty: Award two shots and the ball on most intentional fouls
Award three shots and the ball on missed three point attempts
Basket goes in during a shot, always award 2 (or 3) points and the ball nearest the spot of the foul
Always the offended player shoots the free throws ◦ Exception: Injury to offended player Example: Intentional Foul FLAGRANT FOULS Flagrant Foul
Personal or Technical foul that is considered violent or savage in nature
Non-contact technical foul which displays unacceptable in nature
May or may not be committed on purpose Flagrant Foul
If a personal foul, a flagrant foul involves but is not limited to a violent contact such as: Striking Kicking Kneeing
If Technical, it involves dead ball contact or non-contact which is considered extreme or persistent, vulgar or abusive contact Point of Emphasis 2012-2013 CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDERS Contact Above The Shoulders
Point of Emphasis
◦ With a continued emphasis on reducing concussions and decreasing excessive contact situations the committee determined that more guidance needed for penalizing contact above the shoulders
◦ Contact above the shoulders is not always illegal TECHNICAL FOULS Technical Foul
A foul by a non-player
A non-contact foul by a player
An intentional or flagrant contact foul while the ball is dead (except airborne shooter) Technical Foul
Team Technical (Rule 10-1) ◦ Charged to team and not coach or player Failing to supply the scorer with the proper information at the 10 minute mark Using a television monitor or computer as a replay device for coaching purposes/use of megaphone or electronic transmission device (cell phone) Failure to occupy team bench area Allowing the game to develop into an actionless contest (5 items specifically)
Technical Foul
Team Technical (Rule 10-1) ◦ Charged to team and not coach or player More than 5 players on the court Request an excess time-out Commit and unsporting foul Fail to have all players return to the court at the same time following a time-out or intermission Allow players to lock arms or grasp a teammate(s) in an effort to restrict the movement of an opponent
Technical Foul
Substitute Technical (Rule 10-2-1) ◦ A substitute shall not enter the court: Without reporting to the scorer Without being beckoned by an official, except between quarters
Technical Foul
Player Technical ◦ A player shall not: Participate after changing their number without reporting it to the scorer or official Purposely and/or deceitfully delay returning after legally being out of bounds Grasp either basket during the official’s jurisdiction Before the game Halftime Illegally contact the basket or ring Delaying the game (4 items) Technical Foul
Player Technical ◦ A player shall not: Commit and unsporting foul (included and not limited to) Disrespectfully addressing/contacting an official or gesture that incites resentment Using profane and inappropriate language or obscene gestures Baiting and taunting an opponent (POE 2011-12) Purposely obstructing an opponent’s vision by waving or placing hand(s) near his/her eyes Climbing on or lifting a teammate to secure greater height Using tobacco or smokeless tobacco Removing the jersey and/or pants/skirt within the visual confines of the playing area
Technical Foul?? Replay Technical Foul
Player Technical ◦ A player shall not: Intentionally or flagrantly contact an opponent when the ball is dead and such contact is not a personal foul Fighting ONLY A FLAGRANT FOUL Goaltending during a free throw Reach through the throw-in boundary-line plane and touch or dislodge ball Technical Foul
Bench Technical ◦ Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Assistant coaches Substitutes Disqualified team members Trainers Scorekeepers Anyone else on the team bench
Technical Foul
Bench Technical ◦ Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Commit an unsporting foul, included but not limited to Most acts listed under Player Technical section Objecting to an official’s decision by rising from the bench or using gestures Inciting undesired crowd reactions Fighting Removing jersey and/or pants/skirts within the confines of the playing area
Technical Foul
Bench Technical ◦ Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Enter the court unless by permission of an official to attend to an injured player Use tobacco or smokeless tobacco
Technical Foul
Bench Technical ◦ Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Stand a the team bench while the clock is running or stopped and must remain seated except: The head coach When a team member is reporting to the scorer’s table During a charged Timeout or intermission between quarters and extra periods Spontaneously reacting to outstanding play by team member or acknowledge a replaced player(s) but must immediately return to his/her seat
Technical Foul
Bench Technical Results in two types of foul classifications: ◦ Direct technical charged to the head coach because of his/her actions or permitting a player to participate after they have been disqualified
◦ An Indirect Technical charged to the head coach as a result of a bench technical being assessed to bench personnel or a technical being assessed to a team member for dunking or grasping the ring during pre-game warm-ups Technical Foul
Head coach can be disqualified or ejected with Combination of: ◦ 3 Technical Fouls (1 Direct and 2 Indirect/3 Indirect) ◦ 2 Technical Fouls ◦ 1 Flagrant Technical Foul
Player can be ejected by being called for: ◦ 2 Technical Fouls ◦ 1 Flagrant Technical Foul ◦ 1 Flagrant Foul ◦ 5 Personal fouls is a disqualification Technical and common fouls go to the 5 fouls for disqualification Technical Foul Penalty:
All Technical Fouls give 2 shots and the ball to the offended team.
Point of Interruption on all Double Technical Fouls FIGHTING Fighting
Fighting is a flagrant act when the ball is live or dead
Attempting to strike, punch or kick by using fist, hands, arms, legs or feet with or without contact
Attempting to instigate a fight by committing an unsporting act that causes a person to retaliate by fighting
Ejection is required for fighting Example: Fighting IHSA SPECIAL REPORTS Special Reports
An IHSA Special Report should be filed: ◦ When any ejected player, coach or fan ◦ 24 hours after the contest ◦ Online form on your personal IHSA Webpage ◦ Be specific in report ◦ Not to be used for a player that fouls out of game ◦ Between the IHSA and the offended party what penalty will ultimately be ◦ Once the decision is made, it cannot be taken back!!! ◦ Can also be used for non ejection events Foul Calling Review
Is severe contact allowed by the rules? Can a defender move after establishing Legal Guarding Position? When do you call a flagrant foul? What is considered fighting? How many free throws do you award during an intentional foul? Who do you call a player control foul on? When do you file a Special Report? Module 12 Questions?
New Officials Basketball Class
Module 12
Foul Calling