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Basketball Study Guide

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History Dr. was a physician, clergyman and professor of Physical Education. He was an instructor at the YMCA in Springfield, Mass. In 1891 he asked a custodian to nail two peach baskets to a gymnasium balcony, which just happened to be 10 feet high. This was the beginning of .

1893-After metal baskets replace wooden peach baskets, a bag made of netting attached to a metal hoop is first used 1894-Backboards are first used, preventing spectators from reaching over the balcony and interfering with shots. 1897-Teams of five players on a side become standard 1908-Personal fouls limited to five 1918-Backboards placed two feet into the court 1923-Penalizing violations such as and with loss of instead of awarding free throws to defending team 1932-Introduction of the 10-second rule for getting the ball across mid-court. 1937-Elimination of the center jump after each score 1939-Backboards placed four feet into the court 1944-Allowing unlimited substitution 1953-One and one rule 1954-NBA adopts 24-second 1955- free throws allowed only if first one is made 1968-Dunk shot banned in college 1977-Dunk shot reinstated 1985-NCAA adopts 45-second shot clock 1986-NCAA adopts the 3 shot Players

There are 5 players on an basketball team, (1 center, 2 forwards, and 2 guards). These players play offense and defense on both ends of the court.

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The Court!

This diagram shows the standard measurements for American high school, college, and professional basketball courts. The free throw lane and its adjoining circle form an important strategic area of the court, commonly referred to as the . Major basketball competitions usually take place on hardwood floors in indoor gymnasiums or arenas.

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The game begins with a . After the first two quarters it is half time and the 3rd quarter begins with a team starting with the possession of the ball based on the alternate possession rule.

Length of the Game (Varsity High School Level) Four 8 minute quarters, with 1 minute between quarters and 10 minutes between halves. Junior varsity play 7 minute quarters.

Scoring • -worth 2 or 3 points • Free Throw-worth 1 point • The winner of the game is the team with the most points

Time-Outs Each team receives three 1 minute time outs and two 30 second time outs per game. A coach or player may call a time out when a team has possession of the ball or when there is a situation.

Ball Handling-the ball May Be: • Thrown, batted, bounced, handed or rolled to another player • Dribbled • Held for less than five seconds in bounds when closely guarded or indefinitely when not guarded within three feet • Held for no longer than five seconds on a throw-in • Held for ten seconds on a free throw • Played after it touches an official on the playing court

Held Ball • Two or more opponents place one or both hands firmly on the ball at the same time • A player places one or both hands on the ball or hands of the opponent already holding the ball. This must be done without personal contact of the body of the opponent except for the hands, which are considered part of the ball • A closely guarded player holds the ball for more than five seconds The penalty is alternate possession meaning that the ball is awarded out- of-bounds on the last alternate possession call. Alternate possession calls occur on held balls, double violations, two violations, two opponents cause the ball to go out of bounds, or the ball lodges in the supports of the basket.

Jump Ball • The jump ball is taken in the center circle to start the game. Jumpers face their own baskets, may not tap the ball more than twice, may not tap the ball before it reaches its highest point, and may catch the ball only after it has touched the floor or a non- jumping player. • The jump ball will also be taken on a double at the nearest restraining circle.

Free Throw (an unguarded throw at the basket from the free throw line) Worth 1 point per shot • Fouled player takes his/her own free throw • Defensive team has both lane spaces adjacent to the end line. Teams alternate the next spaces • Ball is put into play from the end line if the goal is made • Ball is put into play at the sideline if the basket is missed and the ball does not touch the rim • Ball is in play when an attempt is not successful but the rim is touched

Violations • Running with the ball while not • Causing the ball to go out-of-bounds • Illegal dribble ( or double dribble) • Taking more than 5 seconds for a throw in • Taking more than 10 seconds for a free throw • Taking more than 10 seconds to get the ball over the half court line • Intentional kicking of the ball or striking with fist • Illegal jump ball (example-catching the ball) • Offensive team members in the 3 second lane too long • Members of the same team causing the ball to go from the front court to the back court (Called over and back) • If the Free Throw shooter steps over or on the free throw line before touches the rim or scores. Non-shooters stepping into the lane before the shooter released the ball. ****Penalty for violations**** • Out of bounds to the opposite team at the point nearest where the violation occurred • By the free thrower or teammate –no point and the ball is dead. Ball is awarded to the other team on the sideline. If the free thrower’s opponent commits a violation, it is ignored if the shot is good and another shot is awarded if the shot is missed. Fouls 1. Technical –delay of game, excessive time out, more than 5 players on the court at one time, and unsportsmanlike tactics ****Awarded One Free Throw****

2. Personal- Holding, pushing, charging, tripping, and Illegal screening **** Awarded the ball****

****Penalty for shooting fouls**** • One free throw for a against a field goal thrower who’s try is successful (3 point play) • Two free throws for: A foul against a field goal thrower whose try is unsuccessful, or an intentional foul • Bonus free throws for each personal foul beginning with a team’s seventh foul during the half in a played quarter, provided the first attempt is successful- (one-in –one) No Free Throws For: • Each personal foul before the bonus rule is in effort • Double fouls • Disqualifications • A Player is disqualified and removed from the game after receiving five fouls (also called fouled out of the game) or a single disqualifying foul.

Terms: - A shot that does not touch the rim or the . Alley oop-An offensive play which one player throws the ball up near the basket to a teammate (or, more rarely, to himself) who jumps, catches the ball in mid air and immediately scores a basket, usually with a . - A pass to a teammate that leads directly to a field goal. Backcourt-the area from the midcourt line to the end line furthest from the offense’s basket. Bank Shot-A shot where the ball is bounced (or banked) off the backboard and then drops into the basket. Blocked Shot-Deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket. Boxing/Blocking Out-When a player positions his/her body in between his opponent and the basket to get a , trying to prevent the opponent from doing the same thing. -A shot made right at the sound on the horn to makes teams play overtime to brake the tie. Center-A player position. Usually the tallest player who is responsible mainly for rebounding, making/taking short shots, and defending the basket. Charging- (An offensive foul) when a offensive player runs into a defender who has established position. -Dribbling the ball across the body from one hand to the other. Dead Ball- The ball is no longer live-occurs after: each successful field goal or free-throw attempt, after the whistle is blown, or if the ball leaves the court. Defense-The team without possession of the ball. Defensive Rebound-When a player from the defense rebounds the ball. -When two players guard one. Downtown-The area on the offensive side of the three-point line. Elbowing-Hitting a player with your elbows during play to push him away, this is a foul if contact is made. -An offensive strategy in basketball in which attempts to advance the ball up the court and move into scoring position as quickly as possible, so that the defense is outnumbered and does not have time to set up. Often the results of good defensive plays, like a quick . -A foul that concerns serious unsportsmanlike personal contact with an opponent on the court. Forward-A player position responsible for scoring and rebounding. Foul-Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations. Foul Line-The line 15’ from the basket where free throw shots are taken. Free Throw- A non-guarded shot taken from the free throw line, worth 1 point. Full-Court Press-When defenders guard in the backcourt (whole court). Give and Go-A play when one player passes or gives the ball to another player then breaks to the hoop and receives the ball back from the person who they passed to. Guard-A player position usually responsible for setting up the offensive plays. Also usually a good ball handler. Guarding-Following a player around the court to prevent him from shooting, passing, or getting the ball. -A shot made while jumping. Lay Up-A field goal attempt lay the ball up near the basket and suing one hand to tip the ball over the rim and into the basket (Layin) or to bank it off the backboard and into the basket (Lay up). Live Ball-As soon as the official hands to ball to a player on a free throw or throw in the ball is considered live. Man to Man Defense-A type of defense where one player guards one opponent. -An offensive strategy which player’s use cuts and screens to create opportunities for teammates for the best possible shot to be taken. Offense-The team with possession of the ball trying to score. Offensive Foul-When the offensive team commits a rule violation. Offensive Rebound-When the offensive team gets the rebound. Officials-The person(s) who controls the game making sure rules are played by, making the calls. These people wear black and white striped shirts. One and One-A free throw attempt awarded for certain violations that earn the shooter a 2nd attempt only if the first is successful. Overtime or OT-The extra period(s) played after a regulation game ends tied. In high school basketball varsity level (4 minutes) JV-3.5 minutes. Pass-When a player throws the ball to a teammate. Personal Foul-A foul that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent on the court. Pick-See setting a . Pivot-The foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot. Point Guard-A position who is responsible for controlling the offense and the ball. Usually a small player who handles the ball well and makes good passes. Possession-To be in control or holding the ball. Run-A certain amount of time that one team scores without the other team scoring. Rebound-Getting the ball after a shot(field goal) is missed. Screen-When an offensive player stands between a teammate and a defender to give his teammates the chance to take an open shot. Also called Pick. Set Shot-A field goal that is shot from a stationary position. Shooter-The player who shoots the ball. Squaring up-When a player’s shoulder are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot. This is good shot form. Swoosh-Nothing but net on a shot. Team Fouls-Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities. -A foul called for an unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior. Also called “tech”. Three point (Shot) field goal-A shot taken from behind the three point line of the defending team worth 3 points. Three point play-The situation where a player is foul while shooting a 2 point field goal and the shot goes in, then one free throw is awarded making it possible for that player to score 3 points. Also called “and one”. Throw-In–In bounding the ball. Timeout-play is suspended by an official or at the request of the team to discuss strategy or respond to an injury. Tip-off-The initial jump ball to start the game. Traveling-A violation that occurs when a player holding the ball illegally moves one or both of his feet without dribbling. Triple double-When a player scores double digits in 3 categories during one game. The categories are: assists, points, rebounds, blocks, or steals. -When the possession of the ball is changed over to the other team, which didn’t have the ball. Examples of violations would include: steal, double dribble, traveling, or stepping on the line when in bounding the ball. Violation-An act or instance of breaking a law or regulation. Wolf-Term that is shouted to alert the ball handler that someone is coming from behind. -A defense where players are responsible for guarding an area on the court therefore guarding any player who enters that area which they are guarding. Opposite of Man to Man coverage.