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Normans and the Papacy
Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy. -
The Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical
THE PRELATICAL DOCTRINE APOSTOLIC.\L SUCCESSION EX^OimED WITH A DELINEATION HIGH-CHUECH SYSTEM. c Vj^"^ ^c-K-^^ ^% jlS-^ By H. a. BOARDMAN, Pastor of the te.\tii phesbyterias cuurcu, piiiLADELrniA. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM S. MARTIEN. New York : Robert Carter.—Boston : Crocker So Brewster. Pittsburgh: Thomas Carter. 1S44. '^<^ Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1844, by William S. Martien, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of tlie Eastern District of Pennsylvania. — CONTENTS. PAOE Preface, . » 5 CHAPTER I. Hk.u-Church Pretensions ... 13 CHAPTER ir. Statement of the Question, ^9 CHAPTER III. The Argument from Scripture, , . 3o CHAPTER IV. The Historical Argument, 99 CHAPTER V. The Succession tested by facts, 170 CHAPTER VI. The True Succession, 182 CHAPTER VII. Characteristics and Tendencies of the High-Church Sys- tem : The Rule of Faith, 224 — 4 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. PAGE The Church put in Christ's place, 249 CHAPTER IX. The System at variance with the general tone of the New Testament, 263 CHAPTER X. Tendency of the System to aggrandize the Prelatical Clergy : and to substitute a ritual religion for, true Christianity, 273 CHAPTER XI. Intolerance of the System, 232 CHAPTER XII. The Schismatical tendency' of the System, 321 CHAPTER XIII. Aspect of the System towards iNauiRiNG Sinners,—Conclu- sion, 334 PEEEACE. 1 MAKE no apology for \ATiting a book on the Prelatical controversy. Matters have reached such a pass that Non-Episcopahans must either defend themselves, or submit to be extruded from the house of God. The High-Church party have come into the Church of Christ, where we and our fathers have been for ages, and gravely undertaken to partition it off among themselves and the corrupt Romish and Ori- ental Hierarchies. -
Popes in History
popes in history medals by Ľudmila Cvengrošová text by Mons . Viliam Judák Dear friends, Despite of having long-term experience in publishing in other areas, through the AXIS MEDIA company I have for the first time entered the environment of medal production. There have been several reasons for this decision. The topic going beyond the borders of not only Slovakia but the ones of Europe as well. The genuine work of the academic sculptress Ľudmila Cvengrošová, an admirable and nice artist. The fine text by the Bishop Viliam Judák. The “Popes in history” edition in this range is a unique work in the world. It proves our potential to offer a work eliminating borders through its mission. Literally and metaphorically, too. The fabulous processing of noble metals and miniatures produced with the smallest details possible will for sure attract the interest of antiquarians but also of those interested in this topic. Although this is a limited edition I am convinced that it will be provided to everybody who wants to commemorate significant part of the historical continuity and Christian civilization. I am pleased to have become part of this unique project, and I believe that whether the medals or this lovely book will present a good message on us in the world and on the world in us. Ján KOVÁČIK AXIS MEDIA 11 Celebrities grown in the artist’s hands There is one thing we always know for sure – that by having set a target for himself/herself an artist actually opens a wonderful world of invention and creativity. In the recent years the academic sculptress and medal maker Ľudmila Cvengrošová has devoted herself to marvellous group projects including a precious cycle of male and female monarchs of the House of Habsburg crowned at the St. -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
The New Cambridge Medieval History
The New Cambridge Medieval History The fourth volume of The New Cambridge Medieval History covers the eleventh and twelfth centuries, which comprised perhaps the most dynamic period in the European middle ages. This is a history of Europe, but the continent is interpreted widely to include the Near East and North Africa as well. The volume is divided into two Parts of which this, the second, deals with the course of events, ecclesiastical and secular, and major developments in an age marked by the transformation of the position of the papacy in a process fuelled by a radical reformation of the church, the decline of the western and eastern empires, the rise of western kingdoms and Italian elites, and the development of governmental structures, the beginnings of the recovery of Spain from the Moors and the establishment of western settlements in the eastern Mediterranean region in the wake of the crusades. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 The New Cambridge Medieval History editorial board David Abulafia Rosamond McKitterick Martin Brett Edward Powell Simon Keynes Jonathan Shepard Peter Linehan Peter Spufford Volume iv c. 1024–c. 1198 Part ii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE NEW CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORY Volume IV c. 1024–c. 1198 Part II edited by DAVID LUSCOMBE Professor of Medieval History, University of Sheffield and JONATHAN RILEY-SMITH Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University of Cambridge Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. -
Monarchs Retired from Business
MONAECHS RETIRED PROM BUSINESS. '^^<^<^<X (0)F S WE 32) IS W 3320S MONARCHS RETIRED FROM BUSINESS. BY DR. DORAN, AUTHOR OP ' KNIGHTS AND THEIR DATS,' ' QUEENS OP ENGLAND OF THE HOUSE OF HANOVEB," ' HABITS AND MEN, 'TABLE TEAITS AND SOMETHING ON THEM.' IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME II. ' I've thought, at gentle and ungentle hour, Of many an act and giant-shape of power, Of the old Kings with high-exacting looks, Sceptred and globed." LEIGH HUNT. LONDON : RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, ^jluiilisfjer in tiinarg t0 |^er fHajrstg. 1857. [The right of Translation is reserved^] PRINTED BY JOHN EDWABD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STEEET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OP THE SECOND VOLUME. PAGE INCIDENTS IN THE LIYES OF RETIRED MONAECHS, DOWN TO THE DEATH OF VALERIAN 1 DIOCLETIAN 16 MAXIMIAN TO ROMULUS AUGUSTUS 30 3Kje Eastern Empire. GRAVE OB CLOISTER 46 THE BYZANTINE C^SARS OF THE ICONOCLASTIC PERIOD . 59 THE BASILIAN DYNASTY. MONARCHS AMONG THE MONKS . 77 THE COMNENI. MORE TENANTS FOR STUDION 88 THE BALDWINS 96 THE MOST CHRISTIAN KING, MONK ANTONY 102 THE PAPAL DYNASTY 112 ----- :*=== THE THREE Pn 136 Russia. THE CZARS 168 IVAN VI 175 Sardinia. VICTOR AMADEUS 1 195 THREE CHOWNLESS KINGS , . 205 VI CONTENTS. PAGE EEIC IX. CHBISTIAX II.............. 218 SWEDEN ................... 233 THE STOBY OF EEIC XIV............. 240 CHEISTINA .................. 255 GUSTAVUS IV............... 308 Spam. PHILIP V................... 330 CHABLES IV.................. 334 Portugal. SANCHO II................... 350 ALPHONSO VI.................. 354 Curfeeg. THE Two BAJAZETS ............... 373 Conclusion .............. 394 MONARCHS RETIRED FROM BUSINESS, FROM JULIUS TO YALERIAN. " Here a vain man his sceptre breaks, The next a broken sceptre takes, And warriors win and lose ; This rolling world will never stand, Plunder'd and snatch'd from hand to hand, As power decays or grows." ISAAC WATTS. -
The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages
Wxhmmmi^ W^^^^&smMo^^vm^, >-«%9\9 *^ »*• THE LIVES OF THE POPES VOL. V. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2009 witii funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/livesofpopesinea05mann Area of regal or imperial influence, and sometimes of rule, i.e., the area north of the Po, and west of the dotted line from the Po, which runs between Mutina and Bononia, Arctium, Perugia and on to Populonia. The part coloured yellow on the Map. Area of papal influence or rule, i.e., the area included between the above dotted line, and another starting between Ancona and Firmum and going round Camerinum nnd Assisium to Sora and Terracina. The part coloured blue on the Map. Area of influence or rule of the Lombard and other petty princes, i.e., the area between the last mentioned dotted line and another between the rivers Trinius and Lao. The part coloured red on the Map Area of Greek influence or rule, i.e., the area south of the line from the Trinius to the Lao. The part coloured green on the Map. Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, were in the hands of the Saracens during most of this period THE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES REV. HORACE K. MANN " De gente Anglorum, qui maxime familiares Apostolicse Sedis semper existunt" {Gesta AM. Fontanel. A.D. 747-752, ap. M.G. SS. II. 289). HEAD MASTER OF ST. CUTHBERT's GRAMMAR SCHOOL, NE\VCASTLE-ON-TYNE CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF HISTORY OF SPAIN THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY FoRMosus TO Damasus II. -
Thesis (PDF, 534.29KB)
Passions of the Pope: Analysing emotional rhetoric in Pope Gregory VII’s letters Kieryn Mascarenhas 2020 Illustration of Pope Gregory VII from Paul of Bernried’s Vita Gregorii VII (c. 1128), Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of BA (Hons) in History, University of Sydney ABSTRACT In recent years, emotions have become a popular lens for historical analysis. Building on existing scholarship, this thesis explores the emotions of Pope Gregory VII, an eleventh- century pope notable for his reform efforts and role in the Investiture Controversy. Focusing on Gregory’s papal letters, this study will analyse the displays of three key emotions: anger, love, and sorrow, to determine how and why Gregory used these displays to achieve his political and religious objectives. Gregory wielded emotional rhetoric in his papal letters to solidify his papal authority, construct and maintain key relationships, and garner support for his reform agenda. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to Dr Hélène Sirantoine and Dr John Gagné. I could not have asked for better supervisors. I would like to thank them both for all their insightful recommendations and feedback, as well as their tremendous help in allaying the worst of my anxieties. I would also like to express my appreciation of the help and direction given to me in the wake of my prospectus by the Honours programme coordinator, Dr Andres Rodriguez. I want to thank my family for their patience and encouragement throughout this past year. My gratitude is also due to all the friends that I’ve grumbled about this project to. -
The General Councils of the Catholic Church an E-Book Sharing the Plaques Displayed in St
The General Councils of the Catholic Church An E-Book sharing the Plaques displayed in St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church, Ames, Iowa Robert Coruemius, Principal Investigator and Member Knights of Columbus Council #13 160 Project Completed, 2010 Table of Contents Since ebooks have flexible formatting the items, but not page numbers, are listed. Explanation of the Project Description of the Councils Map of the Councils'Locations Dates Councils' Locations or Titles 49 Jerusalem 325 Nicaea I 381 Constantinople I 43r Ephesus 451 Chalcedon 553 Constantinople II 680 Constantinople III 787 Nicaea II 869 Constantinople IV IT23 Lateran I 1 139 Lateran II tt79 Lateran III T2T5 Lateran IV 1245 Lyons I 1274 Lyons II 1311 Vienne t4t4 Constance I43t Basel Florence t4r2 Lateran V I 545 Trent 1 869 Vatican I 1962 Vatican II Bibliography Project Explanation This project had a humble beginning. It began as a request for the Knights of Columbus Council to "put something" on the walls of the finished but bare hall outside the St. Thomas Aquinas "Lower Lounge," the parish's basement dining area. Whatever it was to be, it should be "educational." Suggestions included plaques representing the prophets of the Old Testament, the four authors of the Gospels, or the early "Fathers of the Church." A set of plaques depicting the 22 general councils of the Catholic Church was chosen. Like the decisions of the United States' Supreme Court, the general councils of the Catholic Church have shaped what Catholics should and should not believe about their faith. The plaques would depict the major controversies each council dealt with and the leaders of the church who dealt with those issues. -
Bulletin-2019-11-03
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY PARISH HH – Hitch Hall MH – Maher Hall November 3, 2019 SB – School Basement R – Rectory CH – Church Thirty-First Sunday in Ordinary Time WH – Waldeisen Hall Date Observance Mass Time & Intention Server(s) Readings Event/Meeting 5:30 pm Mon Charles Borromeo, Rom 11:29-36; Dennis G. Buchert Hamilton Nov 4 Bishop Lk 14:12-14 by UD Alumni Funeral Dinner Ministry Tues Rom 12:5-16b; 1 pm HH Nov 5 Lk 14:15-24 Free Store 4:30 pm – 7 pm SB 5:30 pm Wed Rom 13:8-10; Contemporary Choir Amanda Mills Hamilton Nov 6 Lk 14:25-33 6:45 pm CH by Fran & Don Schindewolf SVdP Thur Rom 14:7-12; 11:30 am HH Nov 7 Lk 15:1-10 Adult Faith Formation 7 – 9 pm WH 5:30 pm Fri Rom 15:14-21; Chris McDonald Hamilton Nov 8 Lk 16:1-8 by Kelly, Jerome & Bert Confessions Ez 47:1-2, 8-9, 12; Sat Dedication of the 5:30 pm 5:30 pm 9 – 10 am CH 1 Cor 3:9c-11, 16-17; Nov 9 Lateran Basilica People of the Parish Cline Free Store Jn 2:13-22 9:30 – Noon SB 8:30 am Don White, Sr. 8:30 am 2 Mc 7:1-2, 9-14; Sun Thirty-Second Sunday by Novitsky Family Brown 2 Thes 2:16—3:5; Nov 10 in Ordinary Time 11 am 11 am Lk 20:27-38 Charles Wilson Brewer by Wilson Family Sanctuary Lamp – Special Intention Holy Family Candle – Special Intention Holy Hours: Mon. -
Matilda of Tuscany La Gran Donna D’Italia by Nora Duff
MATILDA OF TUSCANY LA GRAN DONNA D’ITALIA BY NORA DUFF ‘Chronicles tell of deeds : Time alone reveals the individual.’ 1 MY grateful thanks are due to Mr. Philip Wicksteed for most helpful criticism and advice in the earlier stages of the manuscript of Matilda, to my cousin Miss Henrietta Tayler at a later period, and to Mrs. Robert Goff for valuable assistance in the correction of proofs. It is to the kind courtesy of the Marchese Lodovico di Canossa that I am indebted for permission to reproduce the photograph from the fresco portrait of Matilda in his possession, and to Professor Bellodi of Mantua for a similar permission, with regard to the photograph of Matilda’s tomb at S. Benedetto Polirone. I wish also to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to Father Ehrle, Prefect of the Vatican Library, and to the various librarians in the public libraries of Italy who have rendered easy the work of research, and finally to all those kindly people who have sped Matilda on her way. N. D. FLORENCE May 1909 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II The foundation of the house of Canossa—Siegfried—Azzo or Atto—The story of Adelaide—Her reception at Canossa—Canossa’s triumph—Azzo’s successor Tedaldo—Boniface’s rule—His greatness and his tyranny—Jealousy of Henry ill.—Death of Boniface—His wife Beatrice—Hildegarde and Guilla, wives of Atto and Tedaldo CHAPTER III Birth of Matilda probably at Lucca in 1046—Marriage of Beatrice with Godfrey of Lorraine— Matilda’s Betrothal by proxy to Godfrey’s Son in 1053 —Anger of Henry III. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses What was the Investiture Controversy a controversy about? Knight, Emma How to cite: Knight, Emma (2005) What was the Investiture Controversy a controversy about?, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2764/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk What was the Investiture Controversy a Controversy About? A copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation ғ.ттүไЯ ไՀ^Tาio•Ьł• ք*՛*՛™ it should be published ᄂᄂrsjugiu without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. MA by Research University of Durham Department of Politics 2005 I 7 纖 200B Abstract What was the Investiture Controversy a Controversy About? The ШУЄЗІІШГЄ Controversy between Pope Gregory vn and Emperor Henry rv of Germany presents us with a wide variety of issues that are not immediately discernable at first sight.