DOCSLIB.ORG

The Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical THE PRELATICAL DOCTRINE APOSTOLIC.\L SUCCESSION EX^OimED WITH A DELINEATION HIGH-CHUECH SYSTEM. c Vj^"^ ^c-K-^^ ^% jlS-^ By H. a. BOARDMAN, Pastor of the te.\tii phesbyterias cuurcu, piiiLADELrniA. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM S. MARTIEN. New York : Robert Carter.—Boston : Crocker So Brewster. Pittsburgh: Thomas Carter. 1S44. '^<^ Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1844, by William S. Martien, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of tlie Eastern District of Pennsylvania. — CONTENTS. PAOE Preface, . » 5 CHAPTER I. Hk.u-Church Pretensions ... 13 CHAPTER ir. Statement of the Question, ^9 CHAPTER III. The Argument from Scripture, , . 3o CHAPTER IV. The Historical Argument, 99 CHAPTER V. The Succession tested by facts, 170 CHAPTER VI. The True Succession, 182 CHAPTER VII. Characteristics and Tendencies of the High-Church Sys- tem : The Rule of Faith, 224 — 4 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. PAGE The Church put in Christ's place, 249 CHAPTER IX. The System at variance with the general tone of the New Testament, 263 CHAPTER X. Tendency of the System to aggrandize the Prelatical Clergy : and to substitute a ritual religion for, true Christianity, 273 CHAPTER XI. Intolerance of the System, 232 CHAPTER XII. The Schismatical tendency' of the System, 321 CHAPTER XIII. Aspect of the System towards iNauiRiNG Sinners,—Conclu- sion, 334 PEEEACE. 1 MAKE no apology for \ATiting a book on the Prelatical controversy. Matters have reached such a pass that Non-Episcopahans must either defend themselves, or submit to be extruded from the house of God. The High-Church party have come into the Church of Christ, where we and our fathers have been for ages, and gravely undertaken to partition it off among themselves and the corrupt Romish and Ori- ental Hierarchies. They say to us, and by us I mean' thirteen out of fourteen of all the evan- gelical ministers, and thirty-three out of thirty- four of all the evangelical Christians, of this country—"You are no ministers, but schismati- cal intruders into the sacred office—You have ' See page 312. 1* 6 PREFACE. no ordinances, no part in the promises, no cove- nanted title to eternal life—You are out of the Church, mere ' sectaries' and ' dissenters,' and if you are saved at all, it must be through ' un- covenanted mercy.' " They must count upon our having at least one Christian grace in per- fection, whether we are in the Church or out of it, if they expect us to bear all this in silence. But we are not at liberty to be silent. If it were a mere personal matter, we could put up with abuse from this quarter as well as from any other. But this is the least import- ant aspect of the movement. We regard it as a systematic and violent attack upon "the faith once delivered to the saints" —as a daring attempt to seize upon "the crown rights of THE REDEEMER," and entail them upon the Bishops. We look upon it as an organized scheme for establishing an exclusive and LORDLY hierarchy in this country. We be- lieve the whole tendency of the system is to substitute a mere ritual religion for true Christianity. We feel called upon, there- fore, by every consideration of patriotism, of fealty to the Great Head of the Church, and of fidelity to the spiritual interests of those around — PREFACE. 7 US, to bring the pretensions of this party to the test of Scripture and History. These remarks will explain the design of the present volume—the substance of which has been laid before my own congregation, in a course of Lectures. The standard works of the Rev. Drs. Miller and Mason, have long been before the public, and are not likely, on the main question between Prelatists and their opposers, to be superseded by any future pub- lications. To the writings of these eminent divines, the author has been largely indebted especially in conducting the first branch of the argument. I have also consulted freely the works of the Rev. Dr. Smyth of Charles- ton, S. C, whose learned and elaborate volumes on the "Apostolical Succession," and "Pres- bytery and Prelacy," with his numerous smaller treatises on kindred" subjects, entitle him to the cordial gratitude of the Non-Prelatical Churches. My object has been to do some- thing towards supplying a deficiency which appeared to me not to have been fully met by any of the able and valuable works I have named, nor, indeed, by any other which has as yet fallen under my observation. I have PREFACE. felt the want, and the inquiries put to me as a Pastor, have convinced me that it was felt by others, of a work comprising within a single portable volume, a concise- discussion of the lead- ing points at issue hetrveen High-Churchmen and ourselves, and adapted to the p)resent stage of the controversij. I cannot flatter myself that I have succeeded in producing the work that is needed to fill this hiatus. But flooded as the country is with High-Church publications, of all grades and dimensions, I trust the present volume may answer a useful purpose /or the time, until some one more competent and with more leisure, shall furnish a work better adapted to meet the exist- ing deficiency. As to the plan of this work, it will be seen it by ' a glance at the table of contents, that comprises two parts, the first of which treats of " THE Apostolical Succession ;" and the second, of " the characteristics and tenden- cies OF the High-Church system." I set out with the intention of discussing the former of these topics only ; but I found it impracticable to do justice to that subject, without sketching the other features of the system to which it belongs. They mutually illustrate each other. PREFACE. I have aimed throughout, not at novelty, but utihty. My book is for the people. Famihar as the scriptural argument against Prelacy is to the learned, there are many intelligent lay- men who have neg^lected to make themselves acquainted with it. In so far as I have gone into that argument, I have presented it in the usual form, — not caring to affect an air of originality where originality was out of the question, nor solicitous to strengthen by new authorities, a position w^hich, though often as- sailed, has thus far proved impregnable. The other sources of argument are still less familiar to the general reader ; but these also have been so well explored of late, that the cliief labour an author has to perform, consists in the mere selection and arrangement of materials. It may, perhaps, be objected to the work, in certain quarters, that it confounds High- Church-ism with Puseyism. I am aware that while all Puseyites are High-Churchmen, all High-Churchmen are not Puseyites. I would not impute to individuals sentiments they do not hold. I am dealing, however, with the High-Church system. No one, I presume, will deny that this system and the system of 10 PREFACE. the Oxford Tracts, are identical»^ in all their essential features. It was the publication of those Tracts, which revived the torpid High- Church-ism of the Episcopal clergy. They are read, quoted, recommended, as the best exposition of the system extant. They are ffie armory from which its champions have furnish- ed themselves for their present attack upon the Non-Prelatical Churches. To allege, there- fore, that there are High-Churchmen who reject a part of the mummeries and a part of the Popery of some of the Oxford writers, while it releases them as individuals from the responsi- bility of those tenets which they disclaim, does not touch the fact that the High-Church and Tractarian systems are substantially one. In- deed, the very circumstance here urged in abatement of the condemnation pronounced upon the High-Church system, to wit, that cer- tain of the leading expounders of it have well- nigh become Papists, furnishes a legitimate ground of argument against the system, as dis- closing its strong affinity for Popery. As to the tone of this book, I have only to say, that I have endeavoured to treat the party whose views I have controverted, with candour, PREFACE. 11 and shall deeply regret it if I have, in any in- stance, done them injustice. I have, however, felt it due to all concerned, '' to call things by their right names." I commit the work to the press, praying that it may please God to use it as an humble in- strument in checking the progress of error and formalism, and promoting the cause of truth and righteousness. Philadelphia, April, 1844. THE HIGH-CHURCH DOCTRINE OF THE APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION. CHAPTER I. HIGH-CHURCH PRETENSIONS. The controversy which now agitates the Church of England, and its daughter in this country, has a two- fold aspect,—one internal, the other external ; or a domestic and a foreign aspect. Viewed in its domes- tic relations merely, Christian courtesy would forbid, other churches to interfere in it. But regarded in its more general characteristics and tendencies, it is not only their right, but has become their imperative duty to notice it. Owing to causes which need not now be specified, there has always been — as candid and intelligent Episcopalians have admitted—a party in the Church of England, whose doctrinal sentiments and personal sympathies, have had a marked, bias towards the Church of Rome, associated with a corresponding hostility to Protestantism. This party, after placing 2 14 THE IIIGH-CHURCH DOCTRINE OF themselves at the head of the late Oxford -Tract movement, avowed it, in so many words, as their ob- ject, to "Unprotestanize the National Church." "We cannot," is their language, "stand where we are ; we must go backwards or forwards ; and it will surely be the latter.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • English Identity in the Writings of John Milton
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Fall 12-2012 English Identity in the Writings of John Milton Hannah E. Ryan University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Ryan, Hannah E., "English Identity in the Writings of John Milton" (2012). Honors Theses. 102. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/102 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi English Identity in the Writings of John Milton by Hannah Elizabeth Ryan A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of English November 2012 ii Approved by _____________________________ Jameela Lares Professor of English _____________________________ Eric Tribunella, Chair Department of English ________________________________ David R. Davies, Dean Honors College iii Abstract: John Milton is an essential writer to the English canon. Understanding his life and thought is necessary to understanding his corpus. This thesis will examine Milton’s nationalism in several major and minor poems as well as in some of Milton’s prose. It will argue that Milton’s nationalism is difficult to trace chronologically, but that education is always essential to Milton’s national vision of England.
    [Show full text]
  • Normans and the Papacy
    Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Modal Spaces
    Medieval Modalities Robert Pasnau and Arif Ahmed Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aristoteliansupp/article-abstract/94/1/225/5866058 by guest on 02 July 2020 I—ROBERT PASNAU MEDIEVAL MODAL SPACES There is often said to be something peculiar about the history of modal theory up until the turn of the fourteenth century, when John Duns Scotus decisively reframed the issues. I wish to argue that this impression of dra- matic discontinuity is almost entirely a misimpression. Premodern philoso- phers prescind from the wide-open modal space of all possible worlds be- cause they seek to adapt their modal discourse to the explanatory and linguistic demands of their context. I Introduction. It is widely agreed that there is something peculiar about premodern conceptions of necessity and possibility. As Sarah Broadie once complained, Aristotle’s ways of connecting modality and time ‘find no echo in the standard modern treatment of these modalities’ (Broadie 1982,p.1). For the centuries that run through later antiquity and into the early Middle Ages, the situation hardly became more familiar until, as the usual historical narrative goes, the turn of the fourteenth century, when John Duns Scotus decisively reframed the issues. Antonie Vos and colleagues speak in this regard of Scotus’s ‘splendid discovery’ of synchronic contingency, which they take to supply the ‘cornerstone of so-called possible worlds se- mantics’ (John Duns Scotus 1994, pp. 6, 30). In the wake of this in- novation, as the story goes, the subsequent history of modal thought falls into line along the path our current conceptions of modality would naturally lead us to expect.
    [Show full text]
  • Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day
    Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Abbreviations Used ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Archbishops of Canterbury 1052- .................................................................................. 5 Stigand (1052-70) .............................................................................................................. 5 Lanfranc (1070-89) ............................................................................................................ 5 Anselm (1093-1109) .......................................................................................................... 5 Ralph d’Escures (1114-22) ................................................................................................ 5 William de Corbeil (1123-36) ............................................................................................. 5 Theobold of Bec (1139-61) ................................................................................................ 5 Thomas Becket (1162-70) ................................................................................................. 6 Richard of Dover (1174-84) ............................................................................................... 6 Baldwin (1184-90) ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • John Milton, Areopagitica (1644)1
    1 Primary Source 7.6 – Milton JOHN MILTON, AREOPAGITICA (1644)1 John Milton (1608–74) is widely considered the greatest writer in English after Shakespeare. A private tutor, an excellent school in London, seven years at Cambridge University, and six years of self-directed study made him an extraordinarily learned man with fluency in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Spanish, and Italian; vast knowledge of modern writing; and intimate familiarity with the literature and thought of ancient Greece and Rome, of late antiquity, and of the Middle Ages. From an early age, he believed himself destined to contribute a great creative work, something that would do credit to the gifts with which the Lord had endowed him. A deeply believing Christian and an unwavering advocate of religious, civil, and political liberty, he devoted those gifts for twenty years to the service of the Puritan and Republican causes. During this era, he penned Areopagitica, probably the greatest polemical defense of the freedom of the press ever written. Following the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, Milton had to withdraw from political life. Seven years later, he published his masterwork, Paradise Lost, an epic poem recounting the Biblical story of the Fall of Man in over 10,000 lines of blank verse. In Areopagitica, Milton deploys impassioned arguments, vast historical knowledge, extraordinary erudition, and powerful logic to demand the abrogation of a law of 1643 authorizing twenty licensors, or censors, in England to approve or reject book and pamphlet manuscripts before publication, a general policy (not always strictly enforced) dating to the mid-1500s but abolished in 1641 by the Long Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • An Argument for the Wider Adoption and Use of Traditional Academic Attire Within Roman Catholic Church Services
    Transactions of the Burgon Society Volume 17 Article 7 10-21-2018 An Argument for the Wider Adoption and Use of Traditional Academic Attire within Roman Catholic Church Services Seamus Addison Hargrave [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/burgonsociety Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Higher Education Commons, History of Christianity Commons, and the Religious Education Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License Recommended Citation Hargrave, Seamus Addison (2018) "An Argument for the Wider Adoption and Use of Traditional Academic Attire within Roman Catholic Church Services," Transactions of the Burgon Society: Vol. 17. https://doi.org/10.4148/2475-7799.1150 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Burgon Society by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Transactions of the Burgon Society, 17 (2017), pages 101–122 An Argument for the Wider Adoption and Use of Traditional Academic Attire within Roman Catholic Church Services By Seamus Addison Hargrave Introduction It has often been remarked that whilst attending Church of England or Church of Scotland services there is frequently a rich and widely used pageantry of academic regalia to be seen amongst the ministers, whilst among the Catholic counterparts there seems an almost near wilful ignorance of these meaningful articles. The response often returned when raising this issue with various members of the Catholic clergy is: ‘well, that would be a Protestant prac- tice.’ This apparent association of academic dress with the Protestant denominations seems to have led to the total abandonment of academic dress amongst the clergy and laity of the Catholic Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Lutheran Identity and Regional Distinctiveness
    Lutheran Identity and Regional Distinctiveness Essays and Reports 2006 Containing the essays and reports of the 23rd biennial meeting of the Lutheran Historical Conference Columbia, South Carolina October 12-14, 2006 Russell C. Kleckley, Editor Issued by The Lutheran Historical Conference Volume 22 Library of Congress Control Number 72079103 ISSN 0090-3817 The Lutheran Historical Conference is an association of Lutheran his­ torians, librarians and archivists in the United States and Canada. It is also open to anyone interested in the serious study of North Ameri­ can Lutheran history. The conference is incorporated according to the laws of the State of Missouri. Its corporate address is: 804 Seminary Place St. Louis, MO 63105-3014 In-print publications are available at the address above. Phone: 314-505-7900 email: [email protected] ©Lutheran Historical Conference 2010 An Analysis of the Changing View of the Relation­ ship of Doctrine and Liturgy within the WELS or The Black Geneva Piety of the Wisconsin Synod Mark Braun The topic for this paper was prompted by a comment recorded in my 2003 book, A Tale of Two Synods: Events That Led to the Split between Wjsconsjn and Mjssouri Asked in a 1997 survey what indi­ cators suggested that a change was taking place in The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, one veteran Wisconsin Synod pastor said he had observed "a growing high church tendency" in Missouri which, he said, "almost inevitably breeds doctrinal indifference."1 A 1993 grad­ uate of Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary called that comment "a strik­ ing observation in view of the current voices within our synod which advocate the liturgy as a connection with the ancient church and as a kind of bulwark against false doctrine and human innovation."2 But the comment made by that veteran pastor would not have been regarded as such a "striking observation" at all by a 1947 grad­ uate of Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary, or a 1958 graduate, or even a 1978 graduate.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Antiquities of Stratford-Upon-Avon
    IL LINO I S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2009. UNIVERSrryOF ILLINOIS-URBANA ' 3 0112 079790793 C) c)J U0 CI 0F 622-5 CV157 111STORY & ANTIQUITIES STR4TF RkDi U]PO~A I1 ONA"r III c iI1Pir . i r M t a r HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF 5TJRATFORDJPONAVON: fO MPRISI N C A DESCRIPTION OF THlE COLLEGIATE CHURCH,7 THE LIFE OF SJL4KSPEAJRJ, AN Copies of several Documents relating to him anti his Pamniy never before printed; WITH A 13IOGt4PII1C4L SKETCH OF OTHER -V MJNENT CILIRACT2PS , Natives of, or who have resided in STRITFORD, To which, is added, a particular Account of THE- JUBILEE, Celebrated at Stratford, in Honour of our immortal Bard, BYT R. B. WIIELER. 0 gratum Musis, 0 nornen. amabile Plwcbo, Qtam sociarn adsciscant, Minicius atque Meles. Ac tibi, cara hospes, si mens divinior, et te Ignea SiKSPEARI muss ciere queat; Siste gradum; crebroquc oculos circum undique liectas, Pierii lae inontes, hec tOb Pindus erit. &ttatfouYon5ivbon: PRTNTED AND~ SOLD BY J. WARD; SOLD ALSO BYVLONGISAN AND CO.PATERNOSTERa ROW, LONDON'S WILKS AND CO. BIRIMINGHAM, AN!) BY MOST OTHER BOOKSELLERS IN TOWN AND COUNTIRY W2,2. Z3 cws;-7 PREFACE., FIE want of a work in some degree sifilar to the. res sent undertaking eatcouraged the publication of the follow4 ilig sheets, the'offspring oft afew leisure hours; and it is hoped that the world will, on an impartial perusal, make aflowanees for the imperfections, by reflecting as well upon the inexperieace of the Jiuvenile author, as that they were originally collected for"his own private information.
    [Show full text]
  • Schreyer Honors College Department of English John
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH JOHN MILTON’S DIVORCE TRACTS AND GENDER EQUALITY IN FAMILY LAW MADISON V. SOPIC Spring 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in English with honors in English Reviewed and approved* by the following: Marcy North Associate Professor of English Thesis Supervisor Lisa Sternlieb English Honors Advisor Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT In recent years, John Milton’s divorce tracts have been deemed predictive of modern divorce laws. Moreover, with a new wave of feminist criticism appearing in the 1970s, such critics as Catherine Gimelli Martin, Gina Hausknecht, Maria Magro, and Harvey Couch have asserted that Milton’s divorce tracts are not only predictive, but that they promote the rights of women in divorce law in a way that has made Milton nearly prophetic. However, this thesis disputes the idea that Milton is supportive of modern gender equality within his divorce tracts, and asks such questions as: Does Milton attempt to gain an equal opportunity to divorce for both genders in his work? Does he desire divorce for the betterment of both spouses? And, finally, does Milton offer women any protection following a divorce? These questions are answered by means of closely examining Milton’s primary text, as well as multiple historical variables, such as religion, language, societal norms, and common outcomes of divorce for women. Through an examination of these factors, it is ultimately deciphered that Milton is not supportive of gender equality in divorce law, and thus, his divorce tracts are not predictive of modern divorce legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Ordination in the Baptist Context
    CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Jonathan Anthony Malone Dayton, Ohio May, 2011 CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT APPROVED BY: _____________________________ Dennis M. Doyle, Ph.D. Committee Chair _____________________________ Brad J. Kallenberg, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ William V. Trollinger, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT Name: Malone, Jonathan Anthony University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Dennis Doyle The American Baptist denomination is often characterized as an ecclesiological grass-roots organization. The theology of such a denomination is practiced organically by the people and is seldom articulated by the academy. Thus one cannot find a well articulated theological understanding of what ordination means for the individual and the community in the Baptist context. A synthesis of Geertz’s thick description, Lindbeck’s approach to doctrine, and McClendon’s understandings of speech-acts and conviction will offer a methodology through which one can articulate a theology of ordination. In doing so, we will find that the “call” and a relationship with a congregation are essential for ordination to occur. Such a theology will suggest that one is changed through ordination, and this change is relational in nature. The Catholic concept of Sacramental Consciousness offers a way to articulate the community’s awareness of the pastor’s relational change while at the same time maintaining the egalitarian nature of a Baptist community.
    [Show full text]
  • LIBERTY AS PRO-GRESSION: a STUDY of the REVOLUTIONS IDEALIZED in AREOPAGITICA, the MARRIAGE of HEAVEN and HELL and the MATRIX B
    LIBERTY AS PRO-GRESSION: A STUDY OF THE REVOLUTIONS IDEALIZED IN AREOPAGITICA, THE MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN AND HELL AND THE MATRIX by Adalberto Teixeira de Andrade Rocha A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras: Estudos Literários Faculdade de Letras Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my Professor and adviser Luiz Fernando Ferreira Sá, for bringing my attention to literature in the first place through the works of John Milton. Thank you for helping me realize what it means to read. To my mother, for the example of commitment and hard work; and for her life-long dedication to my sister and I. Special thanks for putting up with me for yet one more year as I returned home for the writing of this thesis. To my father, for all the support and for always believing in me. Thank you for helping me keep all sorts of things into perspective and my priorities straight. To my great friends Fernando Barboza, Leda Edna and Eddie Aragão, not only for your endless hospitality, but for your sincere friendship and presence during both the difficult and great moments. In my distance from home, I have found one in all three of you. To Miriam Mansur, who has helped me in more ways than one during the writing of this thesis. Abstract Impressions of truth and liberty are time and space specific. Historically, works of art stand as material manifestations of the physical conversions required by ideologies in their “hailings” of individuals and reminders of those individuals’ statuses as always-already subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Bradwardine and Epistemic Paradox∗
    Thomas Bradwardine and Epistemic Paradox∗ Stephen Read University of St Andrews, Scotland [email protected] Abstract The most famous epistemic paradox is Fitch's paradox. In it, Fred- eric Fitch offered a counterexample to the Principle of Knowability (PK), namely, that any true proposition can be known. His example is the proposition that some proposition is true but not known. This proposition is not paradoxical or contradictory in itself, but contradicts (PK), which many have found appealing. What is really paradoxical is any proposition which says of itself that it is true but unknown. Thomas Bradwardine, writing in the early 1320s, developed a solution to the semantic paradoxes (insolubilia) based on a closure principle for signification: every proposition signifies whatever is implied by what it signifies. In ch. 9 of his treatise, he extends his account to deal with various epistemic paradoxes. Comparison of Fitch's paradox with one of these paradoxes, the Knower paradox (`You do not know this propo- sition') explains the puzzlement caused by Fitch's paradox. Bradwar- dine argues that the Knower paradox signifies not only its own truth, but signifies also that it is not known that it is not known, and so is false, since it is known that it is not known. However, his argument is flawed and a different argument for its falsehood is required. 1 Fitch's Paradox Probably the most famous epistemic paradox is Fitch's paradox. Frederic Fitch produced an example which contradicts the Principle of Knowability (PK, for short), namely, that any true proposition can be known.1 Fitch's counter-example is the proposition that some proposition is true but not ∗Forthcoming in Recherches de Th´eologie et Philosophie M´edi´evales: Bibliotheca series, special issue on \Modern Views of Medieval Logic", edited by Benedikt L¨owe, Christoph Kann and Sara Uckelman.
    [Show full text]