Initial Environmental Examination - Updated

Project Number: 43319-033 Loan 2983-CAM (SF), Loan 8265-CAM (SCF) Grant 0334-CAM (UEIF), Grant 0335-CAM (SCF)

July 2020

CAM: Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Updated Initial Environmental Examination

Subprojects for Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet

Prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank.

This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination - Updated

Project Number: 43319-033 Loan 2983-CAM (SF), Loan 8265-CAM (SCF) Grant 0334-CAM (UEIF), Grant 0335-CAM (SCF)

July 2020

CAM: Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Subprojects of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet

Prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the version originally posted in January 2020 available on https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/43319/43319-033-iee-en_0.pdf. Already amended as per requested.

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (updated 12 July 2018)

Currency Unit – riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.00025 $1.00 = KR4, 000

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AH Affected Household CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CIEE Consolidated Initial Environmental Examination CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CS Construction Supervision CTDP Corridor Towns Development Project DOPWT District Office of Public Works and Transport DED Detailed Engineering Design DMS Detailed Measurement Survey DO Dissolved Oxygen EWEC East-West Economic Corridor EA Executing Agency EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMO External Monitoring Organization EMP Environmental Management Plan EMR Environmental Management Report ESMU Environmental and Social Management Unit ESO Environmental Safeguards Officer FS Feasibility Study FYDP Five-Year Development Plan GMS Greater Mekong Subregion GoC Government of Cambodia GRM Grievance and Redress Mechanism HH Household IA Implementing Agency IBA Important Bird Area IBAT Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool IEE Initial Environmental Examination IEIA Initial Environmental Impact Assessment IOL Inventory of Losses IRC Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KII Key Informant Interview MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MIME Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Energy MLMUPC Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRF Materials Recovery Facility MoE Ministry of Environment MSW Municipal Solid Waste MOU Memorandum of Understanding

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

NCCC National Climate Change Committee NGO Non-Government Organization NR National Road PDE Provincial Department of Environment PDPWT Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport PDWRM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PDLMUC Provincial Department of Land Management & Construction PGRC Provincial Grievance Redress Committee PIB Public Information Booklet PISCD Project Implementation Support and Capacity Development PIU Project Implementation Unit PO Project Owner PPCC Provincial Project Coordination Committee PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PMU Project Management Unit PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit RC Reinforced Concrete REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RF Resettlement Framework RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SAWA Sanitation and Water for Agriculture SEC Southern Economic Corridor SEO Social and Environmental Officer SES Socioeconomic Survey SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SLEDP Strategic Local Economic Development Plan SWM Solid Waste Management TSP Total Suspended Particulates TSS Total Suspended Solids USCS Unified Soil Classification System USD United States Dollar UXO Unexploded Ordnance WACS Waste Characterization Study WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha hectare kg kilogram M meter km kilometer LM liner meter mm millimeter m2 square meter m3 cubic meter TPD tons per day mg/L milligrams per liter mamsl meters above mean sea level

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY ...... 1 1.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 2 1.3 CONCLUSIONS ...... 2 2. INTRODUCTION ...... 4 2.1 BACKGROUND TO PROJECT AND IEE ...... 4 2.2 ASSESSMENT CONTEXT ...... 5 3. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...... 6 3.1 ADB SAFEGUARD POLICY ...... 6 3.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL ...... 6 3.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY ...... 6 4. DESCRIPTION OF SUBPROJECTS ...... 8 4.1 BAVET SUBPROJECT ...... 8 4.1.1 Urban Road and Drainage Improvement ...... 8 A. Current Situation ...... 8 B. Purpose and Description of the Urban Road ...... 9 C. Road Safety Considerations ...... 9 D. Location of Urban Road Improvement with Drainage ...... 10 4.1.2 Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 12 A. History and Current Situation ...... 12 B. Purpose and Description of the Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 13 4.1.3 Materials Recovery Facility...... 15 A. History and Current Situation ...... 15 B. Description of the Materials Recovery Facility ...... 15 C. Location of the MRF ...... 17 D. Waste Generation and Composition ...... 18 E. Materials for Recovery ...... 19 F. Market Requirements...... 19 G. MRF Operations ...... 20 H. Recommended MRF Process Flow...... 20 4.2 NEAK LOEUNG SUBPROJECT ...... 21 4.2.1 FLOOD CONTROL DIKE ...... 21 4.3 BATTAMBANG SUBPROJECT ...... 31 4.3.1 Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 31 A. History and Current Situation ...... 31 B. Subproject Components ...... 33 C. Location of Storm Water Drainage ...... 34 4.3.2 Materials Recovery Facility...... 36 A. History and Current Situation ...... 36 B. Proposed MRF...... 36 C. Waste Generation and Composition ...... 39 D. Materials for Recovery ...... 40 E. Market Requirements...... 40 F. MRF Operations ...... 40 G. Recommended MRF Process Flow...... 41 4.4 POIPET SUBPROJECT ...... 42 4.4.1 Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 42

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet i

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

A. Existing Conditions and Need for the Subproject ...... 42 B. Design and Project Components ...... 42 C. Location of Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 44 4.4.2 Materials Recovery Facility...... 44 A. Current Situation ...... 44 B. Waste Generation and Composition ...... 46 C. Materials for Recovery ...... 47 D. Market Requirements...... 48 E. MRF Operations ...... 48 F. Recommended MRF Process Flow...... 48 G. Location of Materials Recovery Facility ...... 49 5. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTS ...... 51 5.1 COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE TOWNS ...... 51 5.1.1 Climate ...... 51 5.1.2 Air Quality and Noise ...... 51 5.1.3 Geology ...... 51 5.2 BAVET ...... 51 5.2.1 Climate ...... 51 5.2.2 Bio-physical Features ...... 51 5.2.3 Aquatic Ecology Characteristics ...... 53 5.2.4 Land Use and Zoning ...... 53 5.2.5 Topography ...... 56 5.2.6 Geology and Soil Type ...... 56 5.2.7 Water Resources and Hydrology ...... 57 5.2.8 Socio-economic Development ...... 57 A. Economic Activities and Core Industries ...... 57 B. Services and Infrastructure ...... 58 C. Urban Water Supply System ...... 58 D. Solid Waste Management ...... 58 5.3 NEAK LOEUNG ...... 58 5.3.1 Biophysical Features ...... 58 5.3.2 Ecological Characteristics ...... 59 5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology ...... 60 5.3.4 Water Resources and Hydrology ...... 60 5.3.5 Land Use and Zoning ...... 61 5.3.6 Socioeconomic Development ...... 63 A. Population Profile ...... 63 B. Urban Infrastructure ...... 63 C. Agriculture, Industry/Livelihood and Services ...... 64 D. Cultural Heritage...... 64 5.4 BATTAMBANG ...... 64 5.4.1 Climate ...... 64 A. Rainfall ...... 64 B. Temperature ...... 65 5.4.2 Bio-physical Features ...... 66 5.4.3 Wildlife Features ...... 67 5.4.4 Aquatic Ecology ...... 68 5.4.5 Land Use and Zoning ...... 69 5.4.6 Residential and Agricultural Areas ...... 70 5.4.7 Socio-economic Development ...... 71 A. Education, Health and Tourist ...... 71 B. Agriculture, Handicraft and Commerce ...... 71 C. Solid Waste ...... 72

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet ii

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

D. Urban Roads ...... 72 5.5 POIPET ...... 72 5.5.1 Climate ...... 72 A. Rainfall ...... 72 B. Temperature ...... 73 5.5.2 Biophysical Features ...... 74 5.5.3 Wildlife Resources ...... 74 5.5.4 Aquatic Ecology ...... 74 5.5.5 Water Resource and Hydrology ...... 75 5.5.6 Land Use and Zoning ...... 75 5.5.7 Socioeconomic Development ...... 77 A. Education, Health and Market ...... 77 B. Transportation and Dry Ports ...... 77 C. Railway Crossings ...... 77 D. Agriculture, Industry and Service ...... 78 E. Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation ...... 78 6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 80 6.1 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ...... 80 6.2 IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN PHASE ...... 81 6.3 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 81 6.4 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE ...... 84 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 86 7.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS ...... 86 7.2 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PROJECT RESPONSE ...... 86 7.2.1 Consultation Meetings and Workshops for the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike 91 7.2.2 Summary of Issues and Concerns ...... 92 7.2.3 Planned Consultation and Disclosure Measures During RP Implementation..... 93 7.3 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR ADDITIONAL WORKS ...... 94 7.3.1 Information Dissemination for Authority and Local Communities ...... 94 8. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 97 8.1 MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY ...... 97 9. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION ...... 101 9.1 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PROCESS ...... 101 9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 101

10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 106 10.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 106 10.2 PROPOSED GRM SYSTEM ...... 106 10.3 ACCESS TO THE MECHANISM ...... 106 11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 110 12. MONITORING PLAN ...... 148 13. REPORTING ...... 154 14. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 155

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

List of Tables

Page No.

Table 1: Example Road Safety Issues and Solutions in Bavet ...... 10 Table 2: Details of Proposed Storm Drainage System ...... 14 Table 3: Features of Bavet MRF ...... 16 Table 4: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Bavet ...... 19 Table 5: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Bavet Dumpsite ...... 19 Table 6: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables ...... 20 Table 7: Yearly High-Water Level of Mekong River Measured at Neak Loeung Station ...... 29 Table 8: Flood Level Frequency Analysis of HWL at Neak Loeung Station ...... 30 Table 9: Summary Cost Estimate of the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike ...... 30 Table 10: Features of Battambang MRF ...... 38 Table 11: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Battambang ...... 39 Table 12: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Battambang Dumpsite ...... 39 Table 13: Waste Composition in Battambang Final Disposal Site ...... 40 Table 14: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables ...... 41 Table 15: Features of Poipet MRF ...... 45 Table 16: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Poipet ...... 46 Table 17: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Poipet Dumpsite ...... 47 Table 18: Waste Composition from Households in Poipet ...... 47 Table 19: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables ...... 48 Table 20: Existing Land Use in Bavet ...... 54 Table 21: Land Use Distribution in Neak Loeung ...... 61 Table 22: Population Distribution in the Protected Area ...... 63 Table 23: Land Use in Battambang ...... 69 Table 24: Handicraft and Commerce in Battambang ...... 71 Table 25: Average Monthly Temperature in Sisophone ...... 73 Table 26: Existing Land Use in Poipet ...... 76 Table 27: Main Economic Activity by Sector ...... 78 Table 28: Commercial/Tourism Facilities in Poipet ...... 79 Table 29: Summary of Stakeholder Views on Road Improvement and Storm Drainage in Bavet ...... 87 Table 30: Summary Stakeholder Views of Storm Drainage in Poipet ...... 88 Table 31: Summary Stakeholder Views of Storm Drainage in Battambang ...... 89 Table 32: Summary of Stakeholder Views on MRF in Bavet, Battambang and Poipet ...... 90 Table 33: Participatory Activities in RP Preparation ...... 92 Table 34: Summary of Issues and Recommendations ...... 92 Table 35: Result of Public Consultation with Local Authorities ...... 95 Table 36: Alternatives to Subprojects in the Four Towns ...... 97 Table 37: Incineration Issues ...... 97 Table 38: Composting Issues ...... 98 Table 39: Central Sorting Issues ...... 98 Table 40: Comparison of Solid Waste Management Techniques ...... 99 Table 41: Compliance with Disposal Site Location Criteria ...... 99 Table 42: Responsibilities for Environmental Safeguards ...... 103 Table 43: Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike ...... 108 Table 44: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 111 Table 45: Monitoring Plan of the Environmental Impacts ...... 148 Table 46: Performance Monitoring Indicators ...... 154

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

List of Figures Page No.

Figure 1: Location of the Four Corridor Towns of CTDP in Cambodia ...... 5 Figure 2: National Road No. 1 and Location of Road and Drainage Improvements ...... 11 Figure 3: Typical Cross Section of National Road No. 1 ...... 12 Figure 4: Location of Preak Tapoy Stream ...... 13 Figure 5: Propose Drainage Channels in Bavet ...... 14 Figure 6: Proposed MRF Perspective View ...... 17 Figure 7: Proposed Location of MRF in Bavet ...... 18 Figure 8: MRF General Process Flow ...... 21 Figure 9: Layout of the Flood Control Dike and Its Components ...... 22 Figure 10: Cross Section of the Flood Protection Dike ...... 23 Figure 11: Plan, Cross Sections and Profile of the Central Drainage Channel ...... 24 Figure 12: General Layout of the Detention Pond ...... 25 Figure 13: Proposed Alignment of the Flood Protection Dike ...... 26 Figure 14: Project Area Location Map ...... 27 Figure 15: Observed Water Level in Mekong River at Neak Loeung Station ...... 28 Figure 16: Annual Maximum HWL Observed in Mekong River at Neak Loeung Station ...... 29 Figure 17: Layout of Existing Drainage System in Rottanak & Prek Preah Sdach Sangkats 32 Figure 18: Drawing of Revised Layout of Storm Drain in Battambang ...... 34 Figure 19: Location of the 750-m Additional Section of South Earth Canal...... 35 Figure 20: Location of the 2,277-m Additional Section of South Earth Canal ...... 35 Figure 21: Perspective View of the Proposed MRF in Battambang ...... 37 Figure 22: Indicative Location of the MRF in Battambang ...... 37 Figure 23: MRF General Process Flow ...... 41 Figure 24: Proposed Storm Water Drainage System in Poipet ...... 43 Figure 25: Location of Urban Storm Water Drainage ...... 44 Figure 26: Solid Waste Flow Diagram of the Proposed Poipet MRF ...... 45 Figure 27: MRF General Process Flow ...... 49 Figure 28: Proposed Location of MRF in Poipet………………………………………………...49 Figure 29: Perspective View of the MRF in Poipet ...... 50 Figure 30: Forest Cover in Cambodia ...... 52 Figure 31: Important Bird Areas in Cambodia ...... 53 Figure 32: Land Use in Bavet ...... 54 Figure 33: Land Zoning Map of Bavet ...... 55 Figure 34: Land Zoning Plan for the Urban Area in Bavet ...... 56 Figure 35: Geological Map of Cambodia ...... 57 Figure 36: Flood Area During Rainy Season ...... 61 Figure 37: Land Use Map of Neak Loeung Town ...... 62 Figure 38: Average Monthly Rainfall ...... 65 Figure 39: Average Annual Rainfall ...... 65 Figure 40: Average Monthly Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Battambang ...... 66 Figure 41: Forest Cover in Cambodia ...... 67 Figure 42: Important Bird Areas of Cambodia ...... 68 Figure 43: Land Zones in Battambang ...... 70 Figure 44: Monthly Rainfall Data ...... 72 Figure 45: Total Annual Rainfall ...... 73 Figure 46: Average Monthly Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Sisophone ...... 74 Figure 47: Poipet Drainage Flows to Ou Chroy River ...... 75 Figure 48: Land Use in Poipet ...... 76 Figure 49: Reconstruction Method of Pipe and Box Culverts...... 78 Figure 50: Pictures of Public Consultation Held in Bavet Town 19 June 2018 ...... 88 Figure 51: Pictures of Public Consultation Meeting in Poipet Town ...... 89

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet v

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Figure 52: Pictures of Public Consultation Meeting in Battambang Town ...... 90 Figure 53: Pictures of Consultation with Local Authorities ...... 94 Figure 54: Grievance Redress Mechanism Chart ...... 107

List of Appendices

Page No.

Appendix A: Effluent Standard for Pollution Sources Discharging Wastewater to Public Water Areas or Sewer ...... 156 Appendix B: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Bio-Diversity Conservation ………………………………………………………………………….…………………… 158 Appendix C: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Public Health Protection .. 159 Appendix D: Drinking Water Standard (2004) ...... 160 Appendix E: Ambient Air Quality Standard ...... 161 Appendix F: Maximum Permitted Noise Level in Public and Residential Area (ADB) ..... 162 Appendix G: Some Photographs of the Surrounding Area of the Proposed Dike ...... 163 Appendix H: Consultation Meetings with District Authorities and PIU in Neak Loeung ...... 164

List of Annexes

Page No.

Annex 1: Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism ...... 173 Annex 2: Attendance List (Poipet) ...... 181 Annex 3: Attendance List (Battambang) ...... 182 Annex 4: Attendance List (Bavet) ...... 184 Annex 5: Agenda of Information Disclosure and Public GRM in Bavet ...... 187 Annex 6: Agenda of Information Disclosure & Public GRM in Battambang…………………188 Annex 7: Agenda of Information Disclosure and Public GRM in Poipet ...... 189 Annex 8: Result of Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & GRM in Bavet ...... 190 Annex 9: GRM Committee ...... 192 Annex 10: Sample of Grievance Redress Form ……………………………………………… 195 Annex 11: GRM Reporting Form ………………………………………………………………. 196

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet vi

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The towns of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang and Poipet are the locations of the subprojects under the Corridor Towns Development Project (CTDP) in Cambodia. Cambodia together with Lao PDR and Vietnam form the three target countries of the parent Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) - CTDP. Through infrastructure development in the four towns in Cambodia, the CTDP aims to develop the existing South Economic Corridor (SEC) in Cambodia from a transportation corridor into an economic corridor as part of the overall economic development of the Greater Mekong Subregion.

2. This updated Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the subprojects of the CTDP in Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet, Cambodia. The updated IEE incorporates the changes in the components of the Project, changes in the design, additional features of the subcomponents, and has considered the inputs of the stakeholders to meet the requirements of ADB’s 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS).

1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY

3. The CTDP in Cambodia is an ADB Category B project with the following subprojects and infrastructure components:

Subproject Infrastructure Component Developments

A) Bavet Town: (1) Urban road improvement with drainage (2) Urban storm water drainage (3) Materials recovery facility (MRF)

B) Neak Loeung (1) Flood control dike

C) Battambang Town: (1) Urban storm water drainage (2) MRF

D) Poipet Town: (1) Urban storm water drainage (2) MRF

4. The improvement of the urban road in Bavet will be 6.145 km long of the National Road No. 1 that will include road widening from two to four lanes (from 10 m to 25 m wide), construction of lighted median or center island, drainage lines and pedestrian walkways along both sides.

5. The construction of storm water drainage lines in the Bavet, Battambang, and Poipet, and flood control dike in Neak Loeung will address the flooding problem in the four towns. The towns are situated in low lying areas that are flood prone and the existing storm water drains and road dike have insufficient capacities to handle the storm water flow and river inundation that result in flooding.

6. The three MRFs in the towns of Bavet, Battambang, and Poipet will provide organized and safe environments for the current livelihood from solid waste segregation and recycling in the three towns. The MRFs will be contained in specially designed buildings that provide equipment for more efficient sorting and packaging of recyclables. The MRFs have a maximum daily capacity of 60 m3 or 8 tons of dry recyclables. It will have roofed warehouse type building to house the various recycling equipment and have designated areas for receiving, sorting and temporary storage for recyclables.

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 1

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

7. The flood control dike in Neak Loeung is intended to protect 363 ha of land in the eastern side of the town, which is planned as the expansion area of the town center, and will also serve as access road for local residents particularly during rainy season.

1.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS

8. In general, the examination of the pre-construction, construction, and operational phases of the subprojects, which included inputs from community stakeholders meetings, show that the potential environmental impacts of the CTDP in Cambodia will be short-term construction- related which can be easily mitigated. The construction impacts of elevated levels of dust and noise, traffic disruptions, erosion and sedimentation, liquid and solid waste, and public and worker safety will be temporary and can be mitigated and managed effectively with good construction management practices. In the case of the Neak Loeung flood control dike, some 315 households will be affected due to land acquisition that will be implemented as part of the subproject. Details of the action plan for the affected households (AHs) are presented separately in the Resettlement Plan (RP), which will be updated.

9. The stakeholder meetings conducted in the four subproject towns underscored the need for effective management of noise, dust, traffic disruptions, and traffic safety during the construction phase. The concerns of stakeholders included increased truck and automobile traffic that is anticipated as a result of the operation of the completed subproject components.

10. During updating of the IEE, additional consultation activities were carried out by the environmental team that were held on 19, 21 and 22 June 2018, and on 25 September 2019 within the subproject areas. The public consultation meetings were conducted with relevant community, stakeholders, and local authorities in Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang and Poipet who are involved with project implementation in order to complete the updated IEE report.

11. Available data and information indicate an absence of critical wildlife habitat, rare or endangered species, ecological protected areas, and cultural property in all subproject sites.

12. The infrastructures of the CTDP are being implemented to address the effects of global climate change such as frequent or severe rainfall events that cause flooding, and pose risks to public health and safety.

1.3 CONCLUSIONS

13. The updated IEE concludes that the description of the detailed design of the Project combined with available information on the affected environments are sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts of the Project.

14. The updated IEE has considered the project profile, the baseline environmental conditions, possible impacts and mitigation measures and institutional arrangements to implement the same. Based on the findings of the updated IEE, the subprojects are classified as Category B for environment under the ADB classification system.

15. Individual Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) for each of the four subprojects are submitted under separate reports. The EMPs provide detailed impacts mitigation and environmental monitoring plans, and the institutional responsibilities and capability needs for the environmental management of the subprojects. The EMPs have been updated to meet the detailed engineering designs of the subprojects.

16. Potential impacts concern the civil works during the construction phase of the subprojects. The short-term disturbances of the construction and civil work activities will be noise, dust, bypass,

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 2

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project reduced access, increased traffic and risk of traffic accidents, workers and public safety, soil erosion and solid and liquid wastes can be managed and mitigated. Displacement of AHs in the Neak Loeung flood control dike is disclosed and will be addressed in more details in a separate RP.

17. The mitigation measures of the EMPs are summarized in this IEE and presented in the mitigation plans for each subproject, following the structure of the IEE. The mitigation plans are organized by the three development phases of the subprojects defined by the pre-construction, construction, and the post construction or operational phase.

18. The overall finding of the IEE is that the Project will not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts in the suburban setting and that all potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of the EMPs and the RP. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

Updated IEE for subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 3

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 BACKGROUND TO PROJECT AND IEE

19. The Corridor Towns Development Project (CTDP) will facilitate transformation of existing transport corridors in the Greater Mekong Subregion1 (GMS) into economic corridors through priority infrastructure investments and capacity building support in select corridor towns. The expected outcome of the CTDP is for the corridor towns becoming the nucleus of economic activities, thereby contributing to the emergence of economic growth centers along the transport corridors in the GMS. The outcome of the CTDP will lead to provision of adequate urban infrastructure and essential services to facilitate growth and increase urbanization.

20. The more than 300 million people in the GMS who are spread across diverse social and economic terrain share common endeavors to improve their living standards. Corridor town development is a new approach to maximize the economic benefits of increased trade and traffic flows along existing major transport corridors in the GMS. Several corridor towns are located so strategically that they can boost investment and economic activity. With the necessary enabling environment in place - such as adequate infrastructure and public services, proper strategic economic development plans, and institutional capacity to guide and manage future development and investment - corridor towns can successfully attract private sector investments for economic infrastructure such as market centers, agrobusiness, agricultural processing zones, industrial parks, transport terminals, and logistics facilities.

21. Corridor town developments are being implemented in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. In Cambodia, the target towns for infrastructure development are Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang and Poipet. The four towns are located along the SEC of Cambodia defined by the CTDP (see Figure 1).

22. Poipet is the northern-most town along the SEC at the border with Thailand in the province of Banteay Mean Chey. Bavet is in the south at the border with Vietnam in the province of Svay Rieng and Battambang and Neak Loeung lie between the two towns and close to Tonle Sap and Mekong River, respectively. Planned infrastructure developments in each subproject town are summarized briefly below:

A) Bavet Town: (1) Urban road improvement with drainage (2) Urban storm water drainage (3) Materials recovery facility

B) Neak Loeung Town: (4) Flood control dike

C) Battambang Town: (5) Urban storm water drainage (6) MRF

D) Poipet Town: (7) Urban storm water drainage (8) MRF

1 The GMS is defined by China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Viet Nam in the basin of Mekong River.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 4

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Figure 1: Location of the Four Corridor Towns of CTDP in Cambodia

Source: GMS Corridor Towns Development Project.

2.2 ASSESSMENT CONTEXT

23. The CTDP was assigned Environmental Category B which requires an IEE pursuant to the ADB’s safeguard policy2, and environmental assessment guidelines3. Category B project will have potential adverse impacts that are less adverse than those of Category A projects, are site-specific, largely reversible, and can be mitigated with an environmental management plan.

24. The detailed engineering designs (DEDs) for the infrastructures in the four towns have been prepared. The IEE and EMPs were prepared based on the information on the pre- construction, construction and operational phase activities of the subprojects available at the detailed design stage of the CTDP. The updated IEE was prepared using available data and information on sensitive ecological and cultural receptors that exist at the different town sites. The four EMPs are updated following the detailed designs of the four corridor town subprojects.

2 ADB, 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, ADB Policy Paper. 3 ADB, 2003, Environmental Assessment Guidelines.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 5

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

3. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 ADB SAFEGUARD POLICY

25. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (ADB 2009) clarifies the rationale, scope and content of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Projects are initially screened to determine the level of assessment that is required according to the following three environmental categories: Category A for projects that normally cause significant or major environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented such as hydroelectric dams (an EIA is required); Category B projects which have potential adverse impacts that are less adverse than those of Category A, which are site-specific, largely reversible, and for which mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects (an IEE is required); and Category C projects that are likely to have minimal or no negative environmental impacts. An environmental assessment for Category C projects is not required but environmental implications need to be reviewed.

3.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL

26. Environmental impact assessment in Cambodia is prescribed by the GoC sub-decree on EIA, No. 72 ANRK.BK produced by the Ministry of Environment (MoE, 2009), and the Prakas Guideline on Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) and full EIA. The Prakas Guideline was prepared by the MoE and promulgated on March 9, 2000.

27. In compliance with the sub-decree on EIA, all individuals, private companies, joint venture companies, public companies, ministries and government agencies are obliged to conduct an environmental impact assessment for proposed projects or activities, which must be submitted for approval by the MoE. The sub-decree provides a list of project types that proponents use to screen projects for requiring either an IEIA or a full EIA.

28. The subprojects (urban road, storm water drainage, and MRF) are not required to secure approval from MoE as per MOU on the ADB Review Mission on 29 April – 16 May 2019. However, an EMP for the Neak Loeung Flood Control subproject will have to be submitted to MoE for approval as confirmed by the MoE letter dated 21 August 2019. Accordingly, a separate EMP for the Neak Loeung subproject will be prepared by KCC, a local firm registered with MoE, for the latter’s approval.

3.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY

29. The Government of Cambodia has established laws and regulations for forests, protected areas, and land management to ensure sustainable development. The key elements of the legal and policy framework include the following:

 Law on Forest (2002) produced by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MAFF);  Law on Land (2001) establishes a framework for the recognition of land and property rights in Cambodia;  Law on Protected Areas (2008) produced by MoE; and  Law on Water Resource Management produced by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology.

30. Key environmental regulations include:

 Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management (1999); and  Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control (1999):

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o Water quality standards for public water & biodiversity; and o Water quality standards for public waters and health.

31. Government Occupational and Community Safety and Health (OHS) guidelines follow the OHS Programme for Cambodia (2010-2013) that was developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The draft guidelines provide the framework for instituting OHS at the workplace and in the community. The guidelines are included in EMPs. The OHS guidelines for Cambodia will likely need to be supplemented with the international the IFC EHS/OHS Guidelines for Construction and Decommissioning, Waste Management Facilities, and Toll Roads. The contractor will have to identify the appropriate national and IFC OHS guidelines in their bid documents for joint review by the contractor and PMCES. Additionally, under COVID-19 pandemic, OHS also needs to integrate COVID-19 prevention and mitigation measures introduced by WHO and Ministry of Health4.

4 http://www.cdcmoh.gov.kh/resource-documents/covid-19-documents/494-2019-ncov- documents-management

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4. DESCRIPTION OF SUBPROJECTS

4.1 BAVET SUBPROJECT

32. The subproject in Bavet consists of:

 Urban road and drainage improvement  Urban storm water drainage  Materials recovery facility

4.1.1 Urban Road and Drainage Improvement

A. Current Situation 33. Bavet is located at the south-eastern edge of Cambodia, within the province of Svay Rieng. It is approximately 143 kilometers from the capital city, Phnom Penh with the National Road (NR) No. 1 as its principal access. Bavet also shares its border boundary with the town of Moc Bai, Vietnam (see Figure 1).

34. The increase in the volume of traffic flows of large vehicles and heavy trucks on NR No. 1 has been causing damage to the condition of the road, particularly within the 10 km stretch running through and ending not far from the town center. Local authorities see the need to improve the main road through widening and construction of center isle or inner road with trees and ornamentals and lighting facilities. The construction of drainage structures on both sides of the main road is also critical to mitigate flooding of the road and the residential and commercial areas along the road.

35. There is no formally designated shoulder with the edge of the pavement being eroded and damaged in many places. Moreover, the road is too narrow to accommodate the increasing number of small, medium and large vehicles that use the road. A daily average of 222 large vehicles and heavy container trucks travel along the road. In some instances, trucks are parked along the sides of the road due to limited space at the border/port area.5

36. The number of trucks and motor vehicles is expected to increase because of the growing number of industry locators and commuting workers in the dry ports. Based on the traffic count undertaken for the Feasibility Study, due to the traffic type and volume the road is classified as a Type I road, which requires four lanes.

37. The right-of-way for the road does not provide drainage on either side of the road and as a consequence is flooded during rainfall events. Exacerbating this situation are the residential and commercial establishments, which have installed their own ad hoc drainage structures which discharge to the road thereby aggravating the flooding problems.

38. Based on police reports, 68 cases of road accidents occurred in 2017 in the town of Bavet due to poor and small road conditions and over speeding. As a consequence, NR No. 1 needs to be upgraded.

39. The road network in Bavet includes NR No. 1 with a length of 22 km (including a 7 km section that traverses the center of the town), asphalt roads with a length of 6 km connecting NR No.1 to Chantrea district, gravel roads with a total length of 29.1 km, and earth roads with

5 Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport, Bavet, 06 October 2016.

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project a total length of 26.7 km. Included in the road network are two reinforced concrete bridges and 105 culverts. B. Purpose and Description of the Urban Road 40. The purposes of the road improvements are:

a) Ease traffic flow through the town along the main road and reduce road accidents; b) Improve the existing core urban road network of the town; c) Reduce flooding of main road and adjacent houses and commercial establishments through the construction of drainage structures on both sides of the road; d) Improve traffic flow and access in order to encourage private sector investments; e) Beautify the main road by planting trees along shoulders & on new median, installing street furniture and lighting; and f) Attract private sector investments.

41. The improvement of the road and drainage will involve civil works, installation of structures and facilities and the essential elements for operation and maintenance of the road and related structures. The components of the road and drainage upgrades include the following:

a) Widening of the 6,145-m section of NR No. 1, from Kilometer Post No. 159 to Kilometer Post No. 165, from 10 m to 22 m adding 2 lanes of carriageway to the existing 2 lanes, with upgraded paved surface; b) Construction of lighted median (center island) to be planted with trees and ornamentals; c) Construction of pedestrian walkways; d) Construction of storm water drainage structures on both sides of the road with five units of box culverts for road crossing; and e) Capacity building for operation and maintenance of the completed road and facilities.

42. The improvements of the road will pose only minor resettlement problems since there will be no displacement of residential houses and commercial establishments. A 3.0-meter easement has been adhered to by residents and commercial establishment owners who are anticipating and supporting the improvements in the road. However, a formal resettlement plan has been prepared for the CTDP which is under separate cover.

C. Road Safety Considerations

43. The high density urban area along the road combined with the high volume of 2 and 3- wheel traffic necessitates a wide auxiliary lane. Segregation of vehicles from motorbikes has been studied. The use of light pedestrian overhead bridge crossings in selected places through urban or suburban areas has also been considered.

44. Other safety factors considered include traffic signals, the design of the median in the case of the dual carriageway sections, minor road intersections, parking lanes in urban areas, bus stops, road markings, safety barriers, delineators, shoulders versus verges and pedestrian walkways. Table 1 summarizes road design features considered to improve safety.

45. Figure 2 shows the location of the road and the drainage improvements, while Figure 3 shows a typical cross section of upgraded road.

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Table 1: Example Road Safety Issues and Solutions in Bavet

Problem Identified Recommended Improvement Lack of facilities for non-motorized vehicles Provide dedicated lanes for non-motorized vehicles, Unsafe night driving. New signs, road markings, studs and marker posts to be provided with light-reflective materials to assist night use of road Road surface, geometry, & signage not Upgraded road to include redesigned surface, supportive of high speeds. curves, adequate signages and lighting. No protection provided to users of Guard-rail & diversions to be provided on the structures approaches to new box culvert, reducing the risk of vehicle impact with bridge parapets. Varying standards of road alignment and Uniformity of design standards applied along entire ride quality. road. Adequate signage will be provided to warn users of changes to roadway. Inadequate facilities for public service Provide bus lay-bys to permit public service vehicles which currently are required to vehicles to pull out of main road. stop on main road. Note: Modified from Nor Consult, 2012.

D. Location of Urban Road Improvement with Drainage 46. The Bavet Urban Road Subproject involves the widening/improvement of National Highway No. 1 from Kilometer Post 159 to Kilometer Post No. 165 in Bavet Town of Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia, close to the Vietnam border. The stretch of NR No. 1 that will be improved runs through Svay Teab and located in three communes which are: (i) Ba Ti, (ii) Bavet, and (iii) Chrak Mtess. (Figure 2). There are approximately 2,000 houses and commercial establishments along the road section to be improved, which account for approximately 30% of the town’s population.

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Figure 2: National Road No. 1 and Location of Road and Drainage Improvements

Source: DED year July 2017

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Figure 3: Typical Cross Section of National Road No. 1

Source: DED year July 2017

4.1.2 Urban Storm Water Drainage

A. History and Current Situation 47. The existing drainage system in Bavet is a combined wastewater and storm water scheme that was constructed more than 10 years ago. With the rapidly growing number of households, an expanding urban area, and increasing number of commercial establishments, the current storm drainage and sewerage system has become inadequate to meet the local demands and requirements. The canals and pipes have been installed only in some sections of the town center due to limited budget and funding support from the provincial and national governments.

48. The existing system does not cover the main urban area. The existing sewerage system is 1,012 m in length with pipes of varying diameters and mostly installed in areas where big hotels are located.

49. The town of Bavet does not have a functional drainage system. Households and commercial establishments drain their wastewater and storm water through small canals and natural streams (e.g., Preak Tapov) into the open agricultural areas and rice fields. The rice paddies in turn drain into the border areas with Vietnam and the stream south of Preak Tapov about 2 km from the National Road No.1. N.R. No. 1 pass through Sangkat Bavet, Sangkat Baty, Sangkat Prasat and up to the Viet Nam border. Water level of Preak Tapov (Figure 4) stream increases during rainy season and goes down during dry season. The existing wastewater canals and sewerage pipes are poorly designed and inadequate to meet the requirements of an expanding town center and the growing number of residential houses and commercial establishments.

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Figure 4: Location of Preak Tapoy Stream

Preak Tapov Stream

B. Purpose and Description of the Urban Storm Water Drainage

50. The objectives of the urban storm water drainage are:

1. Provide drainage system for storm water and wastewater from households and commercial establishments to reduce annual flooding; 2. Mitigate health related problems and adverse negative environmental conditions brought about by the absence of wastewater management system; and 3. Attract private sector investments.

51. The subproject components include the following:

1. Construction of pipe culvert, box culvert and open earth canal; and 2. Construction of manholes and collector chambers.

52. Civil works will include construction of three drainage lines with a total combined length of 7,647 LM. All lines will start or cross NR No. 1 and will serve the area of Sangkat Bavet, Bavet town. The drainage system includes 84 manholes and four drainage outfalls.

53. Table 2 presents the components of the storm water drainage, while Figure 5 shows the alignment of the drainage system.

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Table 2: Details of Proposed Storm Drainage System

Storm Drainage Item Description Line No. 3,343 LM of 1.5m x 1.5m RC Box Drain 50 Manholes and 133 Catch Basins Line 1 2-Cell 2.5m x 1.5m RC Box Culvert at NR. No. 1 (by Others) 1 Inlet Basin (interconnection with NR. No. 1 Crossing Culvert) 2 Drainage Outfalls 752 LM of 3.0m x 1.5m RC Box Drain 260 LM of 2.0m (bot) x 4.5m (top) x 1.25m (h) RC Trapezoidal Channel 341 LM of 2.5m (bot) x 5.0m (top) x 1.25m (h) RC Trapezoidal Channel Line 2 677 LM of Earthen Trapezoidal Channel 11 Manholes and 33 Catch Basins 2-Cell 2.5m x 1.5m RC Box Culvert at NR. No. 1 (by Others) 1 Drainage Outfall (includes 2 parallel RC Pipe Culverts) 1,106 LM of 1.5m x 1.5m RC Box Drain 862 LM of 600mm Ø RC Pipe 306 LM of 2.0m x 1.5m RC Box Drain Line 3 23 Manholes and 75 Catch Basins 1-Cell 2.5m x 1.5m RC Box Culvert at NR. No. 1 (part of Contract) 1 Drainage Outfall *RC – Reinforced Concrete

Figure 5: Propose Drainage Channels in Bavet

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4.1.3 Materials Recovery Facility

A. History and Current Situation 54. Solid waste collection in Bavet is undertaken by High Brid Company, a local company which undertakes collection at the urban sangkat of the district, and in the special economic zone with casinos and restaurants. Sok Racine Company, a local company which collects solid wastes from factories that are not served by High Brid Company collection, reportedly burns the wastes it collects. The four rural sangkats are not covered by the collection system.

55. High Brid Company uses nine trucks, each with an approximate capacity from 1.5 to 2.5 tons, while Sok Racine Company uses four trucks, each with an approximate capacity from 3.5 tons. The two companies collect mixed waste at a daily rate of around 30 tons. The collected waste is disposed by the companies in a 4-hectare open dump located about 15 kilometers northwest of the center of the district.

56. The sidewalks and vacant lots in urban sangkats are littered with waste and uncollected waste bags, which reflect the inadequacy of the current collection system. Waste picking at bins is not allowed in Bavet. Waste picking is done only at the dumpsite by a team of 20 pickers contracted by High Brid Company to recover the recyclables. The recyclables are temporarily stored in a junkshop owned the waste collection company. Buyers from nearby Viet Nam buy the recyclables stored in the junkshop. There is no designated person or agency that is responsible for solid waste management in Bavet.

57. Although recovery of a significant percentage of recyclables is already done at source, unsanitary picking of mixed waste continues at the existing open dump. This practice by contractual pickers exposes them to health hazards aside from a negative aesthetic image of the district. The MRF will facilitate and promote waste segregation at source since the MRF will become a major buyer, depository, and central collection point for recyclables. Together with IEC campaign on proper solid waste management, particularly, waste segregation at source, the MRF will provide a sanitary and efficient system and facility for the recovery of the recyclables.

58. The MRF will establish a sanitary and centralized method for the recovery of recyclable materials promoting the principles of the 3 Rs (reuse, reduce and recycle). It will be supported by a parallel government program involving passage and strict implementation of waste segregation at source, segregated waste collection and sustained conduct of information and education campaign on proper solid waste management and practices.

B. Description of the Materials Recovery Facility

59. The Bavet MRF covers an area of 800 m2 that is located far from residential areas, along a laterite road about 5 km northwest of the center of the town in Sangkat Bati in Bavet town.

60. The MRF will have a maximum capacity of 60 m3 or 8 tons of dry, source segregated and non-biodegradable waste on a daily 8-hour, 6-days-a-week operations. It will have outdoor structures and a warehouse type building with designated areas for receiving and initial sorting of waste, temporary storage areas for recyclable and residual materials, baled recyclable storage, office space, equipment space, and toilets/wash areas for facility staffs, among others.

61. The facility is designed to only accommodate dry, source segregated wastes such as plastic bottles, tin cans, glass, metal containers, cartoon, and white paper, among others. Therefore, very minimal sorting, if any, is expected once the materials are unloaded into the facility.

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62. The facility is not designed to accept mixed and hazardous wastes. This makes it imperative that designated personnel thoroughly inspect incoming materials that will be processed/stored in the facility.

63. The MRF compound will be enclosed by a perimeter fence with the necessary signages, access gates, internal road network, parking spaces, and support facilities (drainage system, water supply, sanitary, lighting, etc.).

64. Table 3 presents features of the proposed Bavet MRF, while Figure 6 shows the MRF Perspective View with the additional roof cover over the unloading area and temporary storage area for recyclable and residual materials as requested by the ADB.

Table 3: Features of Bavet MRF Objective Recovery of recyclable materials from municipal solid waste generated in Bavet and improvement of the solid waste management system. Technology Fully manual sorting aided by payloader for movement of waste and recyclables and using a baler for compaction of the recovered materials. Capacity The facility can receive and manually process at least 60 m3 per day of dry, source segregated non-biodegradable waste by a team around 25 pickers. Operating The facility shall operate from 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM from Monday to Saturday. Schedule Target Inputs 1. The primary inputs correspond to dry, source segregated non- biodegradable waste from casinos, households and factories of the special economic zone and truck sorted recyclable materials. 2. Secondary inputs are segregated recyclables to be purchased directly from households and other establishments. Target outputs Recyclable materials which include plastic bags and bottles, tin cans, crushed glass, carton and white paper, and metals. Design An 800 m2 fully enclosed building with paved flooring and designated areas for Features receiving and sorting waste, storage areas for recyclable materials and residual materials, office, area for equipment and toilet and wash areas for pickers and facility supervisor/staff. The MRF will be equipped with a payloader, baler, weighing scales, bins and a small power generating set. It will be provided with a main front door and 2 side doors and enclosed by a perimeter fence with a brick base and an upper chain link section. General Waste will be inspected then unloaded into the receiving/sorting area. Process Flow Recyclables will be segregated from the waste pile and stored in designated temporary storage areas. Biodegradable and residual materials will be moved by the payloader into an open dumpsite. Recovered recyclable materials will be weighed, baled or packed and/or sold to large junkshops or recycling facilities. Management and 1. The facility will be managed under a public – private partnership. The Red Operational Cross and Bavet District will engage High Brid Company and Sok Racine Arrangements Company to collect solid waste from Bavet. 2. A technical supervisor and one (1) staff shall oversee the day to day operations of the facility. A minimum of 25 waste pickers and operators shall undertake the segregation of the recyclable components. The pickers shall be compensated in accordance with the quantity of recyclables recovered. Aside from assisting the facility supervisor, the staff shall also operate the baler and payloader. 3. Recovered recyclables will be sold to recycling centers in the town or in Vietnam. Key project Waste pickers at MRF, waste collection crew, High Brid Company and Sok stakeholders Racine Company, Bavet District, and Cambodia Red Cross. Requirements 1. Passage and implementation of a decree which requires 2-level waste for sustained

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operation segregation at source into wet biodegradables and dry non- biodegradables. 2. Passage and implementation of a decree requiring segregated waste collection. Non-segregated or mixed waste shall not be collected. 3. Passage and implementation of a decree which provides the MRF operator priority to purchase segregated dry non-biodegradables from locators, factories, and establishments within the current Bavet special economic zones. 4. Capacity building for MRF supervisor, waste pickers and operators. 5. IEC campaign on the economic and financial benefits of recovering recyclables from solid waste.

Figure 6: Proposed MRF Perspective View

Source: Supervision Consultant

C. Location of the MRF 65. The Bavet MRF is located in Trapaeng Thlong village, Sangkat Bati in Bavet town, Svay Rieng province. It is about five kilometers northwest from the center of the town as shown in Figure 7.

66. The land area required for the entire facility is 3,200m2. The approved site for the MRF is owned by the Government. A certificate issued by the Chief of Municipality of Bavet on 04 May 2018 to confirm the status of the land ownership is enclosed in Appendix B.

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Figure 7: Proposed Location of MRF in Bavet

MRF location

D. Waste Generation and Composition 67. The bulk of the municipal solid waste in Bavet is generated by domestic sources (households) while the rest comes from commercial and institutional establishments specifically the casinos, hotels, and guest houses. The per capita waste generation rate was estimated at 0.6 kilogram/capita/day.6

68. Presented in Table 4 is the projected increase in population, waste generation, and waste collection for the town of Bavet. The feasibility study assumed a 1.5% increase in per capita waste generation which will allow the rate to reach 0.81 kg per person by 2030. From the base year 2010, adopting said assumptions, the estimated total waste generation is about 24 tons per day (TPD) in 2012, and this is expected to reach 29 TPD by 2020 and 37 TPD by 2030.

6 Subproject Feasibility Study, Bavet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG.

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Table 4: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Bavet

Year 2010 2012 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 Projected Bavet population 37,149 37,896 39,044 39,829 41,036 43,129 45,329 Per capita (kg/day) 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.81 Total Generated Waste (TPD) 22.29 23.50 25.38 26.69 28.73 32.35 36.72 Percent Waste Collection 50% 50% 54% 54% 58% 63% 68% Total Collected Waste (TPD) 11.15 11.75 13.71 14.41 16.66 20.38 24.97 Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Bavet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG, 2012.

69. The results of the 2-day waste characterization study (WACS) conducted during the feasibility study is shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Bavet Dumpsite

Component As a Percent of Waste Collected Casinos Households Cans 0.34% 0.28% Plastic Bottles 0.71% 0.24% Metal 3.60% 1.89% Paper/Carton 0.00% 0.00% Plastic sheets/bags 1.55% 0.85% Total 6.20% 3.26% Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Bavet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG, 2012.

E. Materials for Recovery 70. The main function of the MRF will be to maximize the quantity of recyclables processed thereby producing materials that will generate the highest possible revenues in the market from solid waste.

F. Market Requirements

71. The trade-off from adopting manual sorting operations, which results in low processing rates has the potential to produce high quality recyclable materials7. To facilitate the sale at optimum prices of recovered materials, an MRF must satisfy basic market specifications as shown in Table 6. The MRF will be equipped with basic utilities (i.e. water and power) and equipment (i.e. hydraulic baler and bottle crusher).

7 A. Dubanowitz. 2000. Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City’s Municipal Solid Waste.

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Table 6: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables

Material Market Specification Paper  Separated by grade  Baled (size and weight specified) or loose  Dry or including some wet  Clean or some degree of contamination Ferrous Containers  Flattened, unflattened or shredded  Labels removed or not removed  Clean or with a degree of contamination  Including bimetal or no bimetal  Loose, baled or densified (weight and size specified) Aluminum Containers  Flattened, shredded, baled or densified  Free of moisture, dirt, foil, lead, glass, etc. Plastic Containers  Baled, granulated or loose  Separated by color or type or mixed  With or without caps Glass  Separated by color or mixed  Size of cullet (specified)  Degree of contamination Source: A Dubanowitz. 2000. Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City’s Municipal Solid Waste.

G. MRF Operations 72. The MRF will adopt manual sorting operations. From the feasibility study, the facility will be manned by 25 sorters who are assumed to have the ability to process at least 1 m3 of dry source segregated non-biodegradable waste per hour. Depending on the volume of recovered recyclables, two to four personnel could be added to handle the storage of the valuable materials.

73. The facility will likewise require a nominal staff which will include a facility manager, supervisor, inspector, equipment operator, and a security guard.

H. Recommended MRF Process Flow

74. The DED of the MRF was designed in consideration of the proposed process flow as shown in Figure 8.

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Figure 8: MRF General Process Flow

Bailing of Recyclables

Inspection of Unloading Manual Weighing & Sale of Incoming into Sorting Storage of Recyclables Recording Waste Receiving Recyclables Trucks Area

Temporary Disposal of Residuals Storage of Residuals

Source: Subproject DED, Bavet Materials Recovery Facility

4.2 NEAK LOEUNG SUBPROJECT

4.2.1 Flood Control Dike

75. The flood control subproject in Neak Loeung consists of the following components:

1) Flood control dike (earth embankment) with crest width of 7 m and chainage length of around 4,400 m with the following components:  Access road with a width of 5 m on top of the flood control dike;  Central storm drainage for the 363-ha enclosed flood protected area;  Detention pond with storage capacity of 200,813 m3 designed to reduce peak storm water drainage runoffs; and  Pumping station with peak discharge rate able to evacuate internal storm water runoffs.

76. The layout of the Flood Control Dike and its components are presented in Figure 9.

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Figure 9: Layout of the Flood Control Dike and Its Components

Source: Design Team, PISCD Consultant.

77. Flood Protection Dike. The dike, an earth embankment, will be constructed starting eastward from the existing road dike along the Mekong River for about 0.8 km then bend northward for 3.6 km up to the existing road perpendicular to the National Road No. 1. To limit seepage through the dike, the bulk dike fill will be comprised of well compressed silts and clays. Crushed rock not exceeding 225 mm and thoroughly compacted will form the capping layer. A Geotextile will be placed between the capping layer and silt and clay layer to mitigate the soil materials being carried away by the flow of water.

78. The dike will have a height of 6.8 m from ground level with total base thickness of 41. 0 m. When completed, the crest of the dike will be at elevation 9.0 m above mean sea level (mamsl) based on the maximum flood level of 8.4 m at 50-year return period, plus climate change factor of +5%, and a free board of 0.3 m giving a total elevation of 9.0 mamsl. Access ramp about 3 m wide will be provided on the eastern section of the dike to provide access for crossing to both sides of the dike for people and animals.

79. Access Road. The flood protection dike will have a crest width of 7.0 m, which will be designed for a limited access road. The 7-meter crest width will have an effective total road width of 5 m for a two-way, two-lane road, with each lane having 2.5-m width. The remaining 1- meter on both sides can be used as shoulders with safety barriers on both shoulder edges.

80. The cross section of the dike is presented in Figure 10.

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Figure 10: Cross Section of the Flood Protection Dike

Source: Design Team, PISCD Consultant.

81. Central Storm Water Drainage. A gravity flow internal storm water drainage network will be provided to drain flood waters from the 363-ha protected area. The proposed drainage is designed considering a storm event for design return period of 5 years.8 Considering a possibility of water logging in the area, an earthen drainage channel is proposed which will help in lowering down the ground water to some extent and avoid the water logging problem. The length of earthen central drainage channel is about 1,500 m that will be connected to a 450 m rectangular reinforced cement concrete (RCC) channel and 50 m box culvert under the flood protection dike to safely discharge the storm water outside the protected area. The proposed alignment of the drainage would coincide with the present alignment of the Preaek Thom inside the protected area. Two mechanical sluice gates will be installed at the inlet of the box culvert to prevent the backflow of water when water is pumped out from the detention pond. Manning’s equation is used to determine the size of drainage channels for both the earthen and concrete canals and the respective safe velocity to avoid the scouring and erosion of channel beds.

82. The cross section, plan and profile of a segment of the central drainage channel are shown in Figure 11.

8 Five-year return period is adopted for internal drainage, however main structures, such as detention pond and pumping capacity including the main RCC drainage before detention pond is designed for 50 year return period rainfall intensity.

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Figure 11: Plan, Cross Sections and Profile of the Central Drainage Channel

Source: Design Team, PISCD Consultant.

83. Detention Pond. A detention pond is proposed to capture the significant volume of peak discharge for controlling the storm generated flooding in Neak Loeung area. During the wet months from June to December water level in Mekong River is high hence, storm water from Neak Loeung cannot be discharged through gravity flow. During such cases, a detention pond will store a peak volume of water and discharged through pump station connected to detention pond. A Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) is also used for determining the runoff from the rainfall event and compared with the peak discharge computed manually using rational method, which shows relatively similar values.

84. Based on simulation results, for a 5 year return period rainfall a detention capacity of 140,000 m3 is required with pumping capacity of 5 m3/s. Similarly, a detention pond of capacity 250,000 m3 is required to incorporate the peak discharge volume for 50 year return period rainfall including effect of climate change with a pumping capacity of 6.8 m3/s. It is assumed that for extreme 50 year return period rainfall, additional auxiliary pump will be also used for pumping the storm water. The sizing of detention pond is as follows:

Base Length of Detention Pond = 250 m Bottom Width of Detention Pond = 165 m Height = 4.5 m Total Depth with freeboard (FB) of 0.3 m = 4.8 m Area = 803.25 m2 Side Slope = 1 V : 3 H Capacity of Detention Pond = 200,813 m3 Capacity of Detention Pond with FB = 215,280 m3

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

85. The general layout of the detention pond is shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: General Layout of the Detention Pond

Source: Design Team, PISCD Consultant

86. The periphery of the detention pond, including the pumping station will be fenced off for safety the people and security of the facilities.

87. Pumping Station. The proposed pumping station will house four submersible pumps, three working and one stand-by. The Pumping Station will include a pump house and will be equipped with mechanical screens, stand-by generator sets, and sluice gates. The pump will be close coupled with the submersible electric motor, connected with a supplied power for operation of 400 volts, 3 phase, 50 hertz, connected with a minimum length of heavy duty submersible electric power cable from the nearest termination box up to the motor. Each pump shall be supplied with a discharge column of suitable diameter and shall produce the required flow and should deliver the required head and with the minimum efficiency. Details of the pump(s) are shown below.

Pumping Rate per pump = 1.6 m3/s Number of Pumps = 4 units Total Capacity = 5.0 m3/s Static Head = 8.5 m Total Dynamic Head = 9 m Efficiency = 77 % Motor Rating = 250 Kw (max.) Voltage = 400 volts Phase = 3 Frequency = 50 Hz Minimum Cable Length = 12 m Max. Discharge Column Diameter = 1,200 mm

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Max. Discharge Elbow Diameter = 600 mm Rotative Speed of Mixed Propeller Pump ≯ 960 rpm

88. Proposed Alignment. The proposed alignment of the flood control dike will traverse towards the east direction and curve up north to connect to the existing road going to pagoda as shown in Figure 13. The alignment of the 600-meter existing road to the pagoda will be retained, however, it is recommended that around 500 m of this existing road be “removed and replaced” with the proposed flood control dike because of the mismatch in the composition of the existing road and the proposed flood control dike which may affect stability. The remaining 100-m of the existing road, which will not be “removed and replaced”, will only be subject to paving and re-profiling of the finished surface to match the finished surface elevation of National Road 1 without affecting nearby households.

Figure 13: Proposed Alignment of the Flood Protection Dike

Source: PISCD Consultants.

A. Current Situation

89. In Neak Loeung town, serious flooding events occur during the months of August, September and October when the area is affected by heavy rains and the inundation of the Mekong River. During rainy season, the groundwater levels are high and there is considerable surface runoff due to heavy rain and overflow from the Mekong River on the western side of the town since the absorptive capacity of the ground is low. Wastewater drains are frequently blocked by new buildings and commercial establishment constructions which is the result of inadequate building controls and local regulations. The drains are also clogged with solid wastes that are dumped by the residents. Several sections of the urban roads have drainage ditches but the flow of wastewater is blocked by vegetation and solid wastes that result to reduced flow capacities.

90. Existing flood protection structures to mitigate the annual flooding of the town center are not adequate. During peak rainy season, about 90% of the land area of the town center is flooded for several days. Flood waters are gradually drained into the small natural streams that flow to the Mekong River on the western side of the town and to the open agricultural

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project areas in the eastern side. The absence of protection barriers allows the annual flooding of the town that results in the disruption of socioeconomic activities among the local residents and business establishments.

91. The eastern side of the town center is being developed as a new urban center for the expansion of commercial and business establishments and residential areas. This area however is annually under water due to flooding brought about by heavy rains during months of August to October. With the completion of the Second Mekong River Friendship Bridge, the urban population of Neak Loeung town is expected to increase rapidly and the urban areas will expand towards the eastern side of town.

92. The proposed flood control dike is envisioned to provide the urban infrastructure that would mitigate flooding and stimulate economic activities and improve trade and investments. It will also serve as access road for the local residents particularly during the rainy season. The proposed dike will be constructed along the planned roads and will eventually be part of the permanent road system in Neak Loeung. The area will include commercial and business establishments and residential houses.

B. Location of Flood Control Dike

93. Neak Loeung town which belongs to the administrative district of Peam Ro in Prey Veng Province is situated about 61 km southeast of the capital city of Phnom Penh. The second Mekong River Friendship Bridge connects the east to the west side of Neak Loeung and link the major towns and cities along the SEC. With an approximately 2,918 hectares of land area, it is expected that the town will develop into a major agro-industrial and economic growth center. The location map of the proposed flood control dike with its approximate coordinates are shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14: Project Area Location Map

Legend: Proposed Dike Proposed Drainage

First Point 11o 14’ 12.1416” N 105o 16’ 53.418” E Second Point 11o 14’ 3.2064” N 105o 17’ 41.33” E Third Point 11o 15’ 31.3271” N 105o 17’ 51.644” E Source: PISCD Consultant

94. The subproject will require a total of 135,000 m2 of land out of which 5,940.65 m2 (4.4%) is public land and 129,049.35 m2 (95.6%) is private land. As of August 2012, a total of 315

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project households will be affected by the subproject and will be properly compensated in accordance with the national laws and ADB’s SPS.

C. Design Flood Water Level

95. Flood Level Measurement. Observations from the water level gauge station in Neak Loeung show that the water level is lowest during the end of April to June and starts rising from June to July reaching the maximum elevation within the range of 6.00 m to 8.00 m. Most of the year, water level goes above 7.00 m from mid-August to mid-October. Water level gradually decreases after mid- October and reaches the minimum elevation of less than 1.00 m from the months of March to May. Figure 15 shows the observed water level in Mekong River at the Neak Loeung Station. The flood alarm is set at 7.50 m while the danger level is at 8.00 m.

Figure 15: Observed Water Level in Mekong River at Neak Loeung Station

Source: Mekong River Commission

96. Table 7 and Figure 16 show the measured annual high-water level (HWL) at Neak Loeung in Mekong River from year 1985 to 2014. The maximum elevation of HWL recorded is 8.12 mamsl was measured in year 2000. The danger level of 8.00 m was also reached in years 2011 and 1996 with HWL of 8.07 and 8.00 m, respectively.

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Table 7: Yearly High-Water Level of Mekong River Measured at Neak Loeung Station

Year High Water Level (m) Year High Water Level (m) 1985 7.01 2000 8.12 1986 6.90 2001 7.85 1987 6.02 2002 7.89 1988 5.64 2003 6.98 1989 6.04 2004 7.40 1990 6.90 2005 7.33 1991 7.68 2006 7.16 1992 6.24 2007 7.01 1993 6.20 2008 6.70 1994 7.52 2009 7.23 1995 7.32 2010 5.93 1996 8.00 2011 8.07 1997 7.24 2012 6.12 1998 5.42 2013 7.65 1999 7.00 2014 7.25 Source: Mekong River Commission

Figure 16: Annual Maximum HWL Observed in Mekong River at Neak Loeung Station

Source: Mekong River Commission

97. Previous Water Level Studies in Neak Loeung Station. A study on the design and construction of the Neak Loeung Bridge9 conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) estimated the 100-year return period flood level at 7.93 m. With considerations for free board and safety factor for climate change inclusion, the JICA project recommended a road level of 8.81 m. However, previous studies on Neak Loeung Flood Control Project showed different flood level for 50 and 100-year return

9 The Study on the Construction of the Second Mekong Bridge-Main Report, JICA, 2006.

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project period intervals. The Feasibility Study Report estimated the HWL to be at 8.50 m for 50- year return period and at 8.56 m for 100-year return period.10

98. A frequency analysis of the annual HWL of Mekong River measured at Neak Loeung Station was carried out using Log-Pearson Type III and Log Normal Distribution. Both methods estimated similar results which estimated HWL at 8.39 m for 50-year return period as shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Flood Level Frequency Analysis of HWL at Neak Loeung Station

High-Water Level (m) Return period Log-Pearson Type III Log Normal Distribution Distribution 2 7.03 6.95 5 7.64 7.64 10 7.93 7.93 20 8.15 8.15 30 8.26 8.26 50 8.39 8.39 100 8.53 8.53 1000 8.90 8.90 10000 9.14 9.14 Source: Mekong River Commission

99. For this study, the design high flood recommended is for 50-year return period and is calculated as:

Hdesign = Hmax + Hcc + Free board, where, Hmax = Maximum Flood Level at 50-year return period = 8.40 m Hcc = Climate Change Factor (+ 5 %) = 0.40 m11 F.B. = Free board = 0.30 m

Recommended Flood Level = (8.4 + 0.40 + 0.30 ) ≈ 9.00 mamsl

100. The subproject cost estimate based on the proposed design concept by the DED Team of the PISCD in 2019 is USD9,329,781.36, broken down by component as shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Summary Cost Estimate of the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike

Component Cost, USD MM 1 General Requirements 0.095 2 Existing Structure Demolition 0.022 3 Access Road/Dike 3.413

10 A number of publications regarding climate change impact studies for Cambodia were reviewed which showed that the rainfall can vary from 3 to 21% by 2050, and ADB road and infrastructure projects suggest rainfall intensity, duration and frequency to increase by 20% for one project while another suggested increasing drainage sizes by 25 to 30%. Due to the absence of proper standards and guidelines for inclusion of CC in the design of flood and drainage structures, the 5 % climate change factor recommended under the ADB Feasibility Study for Neak Loeung Flood Control Project (TA 7644-REG, 2012) was adopted. 11 Adopted from ADB Feasibility Study for Neak Loeung Flood Control Project, TA 7644-REG (2012).

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Component Cost, USD MM 4 Drainage 3.197 5 Pump Station 2.377 6 Provisional Sum (e.g. environmental, safety, daywork) 0.043

Total 9.147 2% Contingency 0.183 Grand Total 9.330 Source: Design Team, PISCD Consultant.

4.3 BATTAMBANG SUBPROJECT

101. The subproject in Battambang consists of: a. Urban storm water drainage; and b. Materials recovery facility.

4.3.1 Urban Storm Water Drainage

A. History and Current Situation

102. Battambang has a combined sewer system, and parts of this have been installed decades ago (before 1970), and some were installed or rehabilitated after the Khmer Rouge regime (after 1979).

103. In 1992-1993 under EC-funded Urban Rehabilitation on Water Supply and Sanitation Project and carried out by SAWA, some of the sewerage collectors and drainage systems were repaired. In 1994, SAWA under EC funding, rehabilitated the combined drainage system and constructed a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Chamkar Samraong, in the western side of the Battambang town. The combined system collected storm water and sewage in the main part or the town center of the west river bank, particularly in Svay Poa and Chamkar Samroung. – combined sewage and storm water drainage culverts with flow capacity of 1,600 l/s serve the population of 15,000 people, and covers an area of 89 ha.

104. Currently many of the existing drainage ditches have been blocked at numerous points by development and poor maintenance. Frequently, it can be seen that platforms and vehicle accesses have been built across the drainage ditches, effectively blocking them. Furthermore, the development has reduced the number of retention ponds that previously existed. As a result, there were flood during rainy season. The increased development in the area reduced the retention ponds, and poor drainage canals have created problems that worsen flooding condition and other environmental problems.

105. Similar conditions, as with the CDIA 2010 study and project PPTA study, were observed by the DED Team on the existing drainage systems in the project area. The flat nature and physical topography of Battambang, extent and condition of existing drainage systems, and the practice of property owners of raising ground levels in low lying areas by filling in order to minimize or prevent flooding of their properties has resulted in discontinuity of flow between upstream and downstream drains, with ponding and overland spill of water from the drains, causing localized flooding. The general layout of the existing drainage system is shown in Figure 17.

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Figure 17: Layout of Existing Drainage System in Rottanak & Prek Preah Sdach Sangkats

Source: Urban Environmental Infrastructure Improvement Project-Battambang (CDIA, 2010)

106. Due to severe flooding problems in Sangkat Rottanak, Sangkat Preak Preah Sdach and Sangkat Anlong Veal, the subproject also includes a new storm water drainage system for the three Sangkats.

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B. Subproject Components 107. The storm water drainage system was originally planned to be 12,343 meters long. It is proposed that a total length of 3,027 meters be added to connect the southern drainage to the northern section of the system to completely discharge storm water out of Battambang town. The drainage is of critical importance during the rainy season as it will collect the storm water in the southern part of the town in order to prevent waterlogging and flooding. The additional works will result in the total length of 15,370 meters of drainage system to serve Rottanak Sangkat, Preak Preah Sdach Sangkat, and Anlong Veal Sangkat.

108. The DED was changed to connect the south earth canal about 2,277 meters long to RC box drain culvert and concrete culvert pipe 750 meters long from L2-1 in Anlong Veal village. Figure 18 shows the revised layout of the drainage system. The proposed south earth canal flow by gravity from Chrapveal Village to Beng Village, Sangkat Anlong Veal. It flows mostly into the existing earth canal and paddy fields.

109. In design, four outflow sites are proposed for the storm water drainage which three are located in Sangkat Rattanak and other one is located in Anlong Veal Commune.

110. The existing discharge points of north earth canal and south earth canal are mostly on ricefields and open low-lying areas. The proposed system aims to avoid flooding in the town during extreme weather conditions, particularly the outfalls discharging into the existing south earth channels and irrigation canal in Beng village and Chrapveal village, Anlong Veal Commune.

111. The total length of the storm water drainage system to be constructed is 15,370 m long with 90 manholes, 22 culvert crossings/ outlets and 510 catch basins. The drainage lines are described below.

 Line L1-1, RC Box Drain (2.25 x 1.75m) = 1202 m  Line L2 -1, RC Box Drain (2.0 x 1.75m) = 583 m  Line L1-1, RC Box Drain ( 2.0 x 1.5m ) = 1032 m  Line L2 -1, RC Box Drain (1.75 x 1.25m) = 801 m  Line L1-1, L1-4 & L2-1, RC Box Drain ( 1.75 x 1.5m ) = 1312 m  Line L1-2, L1-3a & L1-4a, RC Drain Pipe (dia. 800 mm) = 956  Line L1-2, L1-3 & L2-1, RC Drain Pipe (dia. 1000 mm) = 822 m  Line L1-1 to 4 & L2-1 to 5, RC Drain Pipe (dia. 1200 mm) = 2299 m  Line L1-1 to 4 & L2-1, RC Drain Pipe (dia. 1500 mm) = 1965 m  Earth Canal (North side) = 1371 m  South Canal BC (2.0x1.75m)= 600m  South Canal 2/1.2 dia =150 m  South Earth Canal= 2277 m

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Figure 18: Drawing of Revised Layout of Storm Drain in Battambang

Source: Supervision Consultant and MPWT

C. Location of Storm Water Drainage 112. The storm water drainage will be constructed in the east side of Battambang Town in Sangkat Rottanak, Sangkat Prek Preah Sdach and Sangkat Anlong Veal.

113. Figure 19 shows the indicative location of the alignment of the 750-m long section in Google Earth map, while Figure 20 shows the proposed 2,277-m long section of the drainage that will be constructed along an existing soil road with the width varying from 4 to 6 meters, located in Beng Village, Anglong Vil Commune, Sangkae District.

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Figure 19: Location of the 750-m Additional Section of South Earth Canal

Source: Google Earth Map, May 2019.

Figure 20: Location of the 2,277-m Additional Section of South Earth Canal

Source: Google Earth Map, May 2019

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114. The field visit and due diligence conducted in April–May 2019 along the planned South Earth Canal confirmed that the first, 750-meter long section with construction of a box culvert in the middle of an existing road will not entail any impact on land or assets.

115. The remaining 2,277-meter section will replace an existing canal running along an existing road, and the COI will remain within the edge of the road. The subproject component will entail impact on land, secondary structures and trees. An updated resettlement plan has been prepared to address the specific impacts along the 2,277 m section of the South Earth Canal.

4.3.2 Materials Recovery Facility A. History and Current Situation

116. Solid waste collection in Battambang is undertaken by CINTRI (CAMBODIA) Ltd. via a long-term contract with the provincial government. Waste collection is done daily and covers the urban sector of the town.

117. The waste collector uses trucks to collect mixed waste at a daily rate of 60 tons. The collected waste is disposed in a 2-hectare open dump located about five kilometers northwest of the center of the district.

118. Waste picking is done at bins by an estimated 50 pickers, at waste collection trucks by the crew of Cintri Ltd. and at the dumpsite by 30 pickers all of whom belong to the informal sector. Results of the waste characterization indicate that the bulk of the recyclables are recovered at source.

119. Although recovery of a significant percentage of recyclables is already done at source, unsanitary picking of mixed waste continues to take place at bins, waste collection vehicles and at the existing open dump. This practice by the pickers exposes them to health hazards aside from painting a negative aesthetic image of the district.

B. Proposed MRF

120. The proposed Battambang MRF is located within a flat 6-hectare property acquired by the town government. The MRF is adjacent to the existing dumpsite operated by CINTRI (Cambodia) Ltd. and the COMPED composting facility. The cluster of these existing and proposed solid waste facilities is about five kilometers north-west from the town center of which an area of around 800 m2 is allotted for the MRF.

121. The MRF has a maximum capacity of 60 m3 or 8 tons of dry waste, composed of source segregated and non-biodegradable waste on a daily 8-hour, 6-days-a-week operation.

122. The MRF compound will be enclosed by perimeter fencing with the necessary signage, access gates, internal road network, parking spaces, and support facilities, e.g., drainage system, water supply, sanitary, lighting, etc.

123. Figure 21 shows the perspective view of the proposed MRF, while Figure 12 shows the indicative location of the MRF in Google Earth Map.

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Figure 21: Perspective View of the Proposed MRF in Battambang

Source: Supervision Consultant

Figure 22: Indicative Location of the MRF in Battambang

Note: Location of the MRF Source: Google Earth Map (May 2019)

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124. The features of the proposed MRF are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Features of Battambang MRF

Objective Recovery of recyclable materials from municipal solid waste generated in Battambang and improvement of the solid waste management system Technology Fully manual sorting aided by payloader for movement of waste and recyclables and by a baler for compaction of the recovered materials Capacity The facility can receive and manually process at least 60 m3 per day of dry, source segregated non-biodegradable waste and truck out sorted recyclable materials by a team of 30 pickers. Operating The facility shall operate from 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM from Monday to Saturday. Schedule Target Inputs 1. The primary inputs composed of dry, source segregated non-biodegradable wastes from households, commercial establishments, and factories of the special economic zone and truck sorted recyclable materials. 2. Secondary inputs consist of segregated recyclables to be purchased directly from households and other establishments. Target outputs Recyclable materials which include plastic and glass bottles, tin cans, used plastic bags, carton and white paper, and metal. Design A 800 m2 fully enclosed area with paved flooring and designated areas for Features receiving and sorting waste, storage areas for recyclable materials and residual materials, office, area for equipment and toilet and wash areas for pickers and facility supervisor/staff. Facility equipped with a payloader, baler, weighing scales, bins and a small power generating set. A main front door and 2 side doors and enclosed by a perimeter fence with a brick base and an upper chain link section. General Waste will be inspected then unloaded into the receiving/sorting area. Process Flow Recyclables will be segregated from the waste pile and stored in designated temporary storage areas. Biodegradable and residual materials will be moved by the payloader into the nearby open dumpsite. Recovered recyclable materials will be weighed, baled or packed and/or sold to large junkshops or recycling facilities. Management and 1. The facility will be managed under a public – private partnership. The Operational province of Banteay Meanchey and Battambang District will engage a Arrangements private company to collect the waste of Battambang. 2. A technical supervisor and one staff shall oversee daily operations of the MRF. 30 waste pickers shall undertake the segregation of the recyclable components. Pickers shall be compensated in accordance with the amount of recyclable materials recovered. Aside from assisting the facility supervisor, the staff shall also operate the baler and payloader. 3. Recovered recyclables will be sold to recycling centers in the province or in Thailand. Key project Waste pickers at dumpsite and urban sector of Battambang, small buyers of stakeholders recyclable materials, waste collection crew, private waste collection company, Battambang District, junkshop operators. Requirements 1. Passage and implementation of a decree which requires 2-level waste for sustained segregation at source into wet biodegradables and dry non- operation biodegradables. 2. Passage and implementation of a decree requiring segregated waste collection. Non-segregated or mixed waste shall not be collected. 3. Passage and implementation of a decree which provides the MRF operator priority to purchase segregated non-biodegradables from locators, factories, and establishments within the current special economic zones. 4. Capacity building for MRF supervisor, waste pickers and operators. Source: PISCD Consultant

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C. Waste Generation and Composition

125. The bulk of the municipal solid waste of Battambang is generated by domestic sources (households) while the rest comes from commercial and institutional establishments. The per capita waste generation rate was estimated at 0.6 kilogram/capita/day (footnote 5).

126. Presented in Table 11 is the projected increase in population, waste generation, and waste collection for the town of Battambang. The feasibility study assumed a 1.5% rate of increase in per capita waste generation which will allow the rate to reach 0.81 kg per person by 2030. From the base year 2010, adopting said assumptions, the estimated total waste generation is about 93 tons per day (TPD) in 2012, and this is expected to reach 127 TPD by 2020 and 188 TPD by 2030.

Table 11: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Battambang

Year 2010 2012 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 Estimates of Total Collected Waste Projected Battambang population 142,878 150,033 161,443 169,528 182,420 206,123 232,906 Per capita (kg/day) 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.81 Total Generated Waste (TPD) 85.73 93.02 104.94 113.58 127.69 154.59 188.65 Percent Waste Collection 60% 60% 65% 65% 70% 76% 82% Total Collected Waste (TPD) 51.44 55.81 68.21 73.83 89.38 117.49 154.69 Non-Biodegradables Estimates Percent Source Segregated Waste 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Source Segregated Waste (TPD) 25.72 27.91 34.11 36.92 44.69 58.75 77.35 Percent Non-Biodegradable Waste 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% Total Non-Biodegradable Waste 10.29 11.16 13.64 14.77 17.88 23.50 30.94 (TPD) Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Battambang Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG, 2012.

127. The results of the 2-day waste characterization study (WACS) conducted during the feasibility study stage is shown in Table 12. The findings showed that less than 1% (0.92%) of the collected waste can potentially be recycled, which includes plastic bottles, tin can, metal, and carton/paper. The less valuable plastic bags/sheets attained a recovery of about 1.5%.

128. From the same study, it was estimated that the recovery of recyclables could increase by up to 10 to 15% of the total waste generation if picking is not undertaken at the collection trucks.

Table 12: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Battambang Dumpsite Component As a Percent of Waste Collected Cans 0.05% Plastic Bottle 0.41% Metal 0.12% Paper/Carton 0.34% Plastic Sheet/Bags 1.41% Total 2.33% Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Battambang Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG, 2012

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129. A waste composition survey was carried out by Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) which was established by Ministry of Environment of Japan in 2013 at the final disposal site in Battambang. The result is shown in Table 13.

Table 13: Waste Composition in Battambang Final Disposal Site

Items Waste Composition Biodegradable Waste 72% Garden Waste 0% Wood 0.4% Plastic 12.2% Paper 4.1% Glass 1.8% Steel 0.1% Aluminum 0% Textile 1.9% Hazardous Waste 0% Other 6.8% Total 100% Source: IGES Report, 2013

D. Materials for Recovery

130. The main function of the MRF is to maximize the quantity of recyclables processed thereby producing materials that will generate the highest possible revenues in the market.

131. The facility is designed to accommodate only dry-source segregated wastes such as plastic bottles, tin cans, glass, metal containers, cartoon, and white paper, among others. Therefore, very minimal sorting, if any, is expected once the materials are unloaded into the facility.

132. The facility is not be designed to accept mixed and hazardous wastes. It is imperative therefore that the designated personnel thoroughly inspect incoming materials that will be processed/stored in the facility.

E. Market Requirements

133. The trade-off from adopting manual sorting operations, which results in low processing rates is the potential to produce higher quality material recovery (footnote 6). To facilitate the sale at optimum prices of recovered materials, the MRF must satisfy basic market specifications as shown in Table 14. Therefore, the proposed MRF will be equipped with basic utilities, i.e. water and power, and equipment, i.e. hydraulic baler and plastic crusher.

F. MRF Operations

134. The MRF will adopt manual sorting operations. From the feasibility study, the facility will be manned by 30 sorters who are assumed to have the ability to process at least 1 m3 of dry source segregated non-biodegradable waste per hour. Depending on the volume of recovered recyclables, two to four personnel could be added to handle the storage of the valuable materials.

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135. The facility will likewise require a nominal staff which will include a facility manager, supervisor, inspector, equipment operator, and a security guard.

Table 14: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables Material Market Specification Paper  Separated by grade  Baled (size and weight specified) or loose  Dry or including some wet  Clean or some degree of contamination Ferrous Containers  Flattened, unflattened or shredded  Labels removed or not removed  Clean or with a degree of contamination  Including bimetal or no bimetal  Loose, baled or densified (weight and size specified) Aluminum Containers  Flattened, shredded, baled or densified  Free of moisture, dirt, foil, lead, glass, etc. Plastic Containers  Baled, granulated or loose  Separated by color or type or mixed  With or without caps Glass  Separated by color or mixed  Size of cullet (specified)  Degree of contamination Source: A. Dubanowitz. 2000. Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City’s Municipal Solid Waste.

G. Recommended MRF Process Flow

136. The DED of the MRF was designed in consideration of the proposed process flow as recommended in the FS as shown in Figure 23.

Figure 23: MRF General Process Flow

Bailing of Recyclables

Inspection of Unloading Manual Weighing & Sale of Incoming into Sorting Storage of Recyclables Recording Waste Receiving Recyclables Trucks Area

Temporary Disposal of Storage of Residuals Residuals

Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Battambang Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG

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4.4 POIPET SUBPROJECT

The subproject in Poipet consists of: a) Urban storm water drainage; and b) Materials recovery facility (MRF)

4.4.1 Urban Storm Water Drainage

A. Existing Conditions and Need for the Subproject

137. With the growing number of residential houses and commercial establishments in the town center and in the suburban areas, the wastewater management system in the town of Poipet has become inadequate for both wastewater and storm water runoff. This condition is adversely affecting the economic and environmental conditions of the local population and is discouraging the private sector to invest in Poipet.

138. Poipet generates storm water and wastewater that flows into a small combined piped drainage system draining into open canal and discharged to Ou Chrov stream along the border between Cambodia and Thailand. The length of the open canal is about 10 kilometers which was constructed from financing by the local residents. The existing drainage system is approximately 38.6 km. Due to the inadequacy of proper drainage system, households and commercial establishments are obliged to construct their open drain and small canals where their wastewater drains into natural streams flowing to the open agricultural area. The open canals are inappropriately designed and are poorly maintained, resulting in unsanitary environmental conditions in the surrounding areas.

139. During rainy season, rain water dilutes the sewage in the drainage system thus reducing the pollution load in the receiving bodies of water. However, during dry season, practically raw sewage is discharged into the receiving bodies of water causing pollution and public health concerns in the area.

140. During the updating of the IEE, approximately 50% of the town of Poipet is intermittently flooded during the rainy months starting from June lasting until November. Moreover, records have indicated that around 30% of the urban areas in Poipet, covering approximately 9,200 hectares, gets flooded yearly. It was concluded that the inadequacies of flood control and drainage structures in the town center and the absence of proper side drainage in the urban roads contribute to the perennial flooding of the town.

141. The local government has identified the improvement of its storm water drainage system as its top priority. Accordingly, a rational method was used in sizing the system wherein appropriate runoff coefficients were adopted and time of concentrations was estimated.

B. Design and Project Components

142. The existing drainage management in Poipet is limited with some sections comprised of a combination of pipes and open canals. The existing drainage is a combined system which conveys both sewage and storm water that flows into oversized pipes without treatment facilities. Discharge of sewage mixed with storm water will contribute to the pollution of the receiving body of water or land, as the case may be.

143. The improvement works will require the construction of a storm drain structure using reinforced concrete box culvert laid under sidewalks or roads, or crossing private properties in some locations. The proposed alignment of the storm water drainage will pass under the existing railway crossing in four locations. Along these storm drains, access manholes and

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project collection chambers will be provided, and four outlet structures draining into the Ou Chroy River.

144. There are four lines of storm drains to be constructed in Poipet town. All these storm drains start from north of National Road No. 5, crossing the road and discharges into Ou Chroy River . Total length of these storm drains is approximately 2 km, with sizes of 2.0m x 1.5m and 3.0m x 2.0m of Reinforced Box Culvert. The purpose for the construction of the storm drain is to convey storm water from the town and discharge it to Ou Chrov River to protect properties from flooding that occur annually.

145. Total combined length of the storm drains to be constructed is 1,910 meters. The storm drain structure will made of Reinforced Concrete and to be laid under the ground.

146. Four lines of storm water drains will be constructed, starting from north of NR No.5 and ending at Ou Chrov River. Listed below is the description of the drainage lines.  Line 1: sizes 2m width x 1.50m depth, length 497 LM  Line 2: sizes 3m width x 2m depth, length 673 LM  Line 3: sizes 3m width x 2m depth, length 508 LM  Line 4: sizes 3m width x 2m depth, length 232 LM 147. To reduce the resettlement impact, the storm drain alignment will be constructed under the existing roads or walkways; however, in some locations where there are no roads or walkways, the storm drains will cross private properties. The corridor of impact for storm drains are about 2 m and 3 m wide (internal width).

148. The storm water drainage system will serve the western portion of Poipet as shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24: Proposed Storm Water Drainage System in Poipet

Source: Detailed Engineering Design, June 2017

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C. Location of Urban Storm Water Drainage

149. The storm water drainage in Poipet will be located in Sangkat Poi Pet and Sangkat Pshakandal in the southern part of NR No. 5. Three of the four lines are located in Sangkat Poi Pet and the fourth line will be located in Sangkat Pshakandal, (see Figure 25).

Figure 25: Location of Urban Storm Water Drainage

Source: Google Earth Map and PISCD Consultant.

4.4.2 Materials Recovery Facility

A. Current Situation 150. Solid waste collection and street sweeping in Poipet is done by Poipet Cleaners Co. Ltd. at the urban sectors of two sangkats of the district. The collected waste is disposed by the same company in an open dumpsite located about five kilometers northeast of the center of the district. The open dump is about five hectares but only 10% of the area is used as waste dump. Burning of solid waste is a common practice at the dumpsite.

151. Waste collection covers only an estimated 20 to 25 % of the daily waste of 50 to 60 tons. Uncollected wastes piles can be seen along the roads and in vacant lots often causing complaints from local residents against Poipet Cleaners Co, Ltd. Waste generators include households, market, commercial establishments, institutions and casinos. Recyclable materials are recovered at source for reuse.

152. Although recovery of a significant percentage of recyclables is already done at source, unsanitary picking from mixed wastes by the informal sector continues at the bins, waste collection trucks and the existing open dump. This practice exposes the pickers to health hazards and unsanitary surroundings. The MRF will provide a sanitary and efficient system

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project and facility for the recovery of the recyclables that can be recovered at bins, waste trucks and dumpsite. 153. The proposed MRF provides a sanitary and centralized recovery of recyclable materials promoting the principles of the 3 Rs (reduction, recycle & reuse). It will be supported by a parallel government program involving sustained conduct of information and education campaign on proper solid waste management and practices.

154. Figure 26 shows the Solid Waste Flow Diagram for the Poipet MRF, while Table 15 presents the features of the Poipet MRF.

155. The MRF compound will be enclosed by perimeter fence with the necessary signages, access gates, internal road network, parking spaces, and support facilities, e.g., drainage system, water supply, toilets, lighting, etc.

Figure 26: Solid Waste Flow Diagram of the Proposed Poipet MRF

Biodegradable Wastes  Market wastes Final Sources of Waste  Restaurant wastes Disposal Generation  Food wastes  Households  Garden wastes  Hotels & guesthouses Recyclable Waste Junkshop  Markets & Segregation  Plastic bottles, hard Recyclables restaurants at source plastic, tin can, metal, for sale  Commercial cartoon, paper, glass MRF establishments  Offices & institutions  Garden wastes Residuals Final  Textile, leather, Disposal ceramic, PVC

Source: Detailed Engineering Design, June 2017.

Table 15: Features of Poipet MRF

Objective Recovery of recyclable materials from municipal solid waste generated at Poipet and improvement of the solid waste management system Technology Fully manual sorting aided by payloader for movement of waste and recyclables and by a baler for compaction of the recovered materials Capacity The facility can receive and manually process at least 60 m3 per day of dry, source segregated non-biodegradable waste and truck out sorted recyclable materials using a team of 25 pickers. Operating The facility shall operate from 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM from Monday to Saturday. Schedule Target Inputs 1. The primary inputs composed of dry, source segregated non-biodegradable waste from casinos, households and factories of the special economic zone and truck out sorted recyclable materials.

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2. Secondary inputs consist of segregated recyclables to be purchased directly from households and other establishments. Target Recyclable materials which include plastic bottles, tin cans, crushed glass, metal outputs containers, carton and white paper, metal Design A 800 m2 fully enclosed building with paved flooring and designated areas for Features receiving and sorting waste, storage areas for recyclable materials and residual materials, office, area for equipment and toilet and wash areas for pickers and facility supervisor/staff. Facility equipped with a payloader, baler, weighing scales, bins and a small power generating set. A main front door and 2 side doors and enclosed by a perimeter fence with a brick base and an upper chain link section. General Waste will be inspected then unloaded into the receiving/sorting area. Recyclables Process Flow will be segregated from the waste pile and stored in designated temporary storage areas. Biodegradable and residual materials will be moved by the payloader into the open dump. Recovered recyclable materials will be weighed, baled or packed and/or sold to large junkshops or recycling facilities. Management 1. The facility will be managed under a public – private partnership. The province and of Banteay Meanchey and Poipet District will engage the private company which Operational collects the waste of Poipet. Arrangements 2. A technical supervisor and one (1) staff shall oversee the day to day operations of the facility. 25 waste pickers shall undertake the segregation of the recyclable components. The pickers shall be compensated in accordance with the amount of valuable materials recovered. Aside from assisting the facility supervisor, he shall also operate the baler and payloader. 3. Recovered recyclables shall be sold to recycling centers in the province or Thailand. Key project Waste pickers at dumpsite and urban sector of Poipet, small buyers of recyclables, stakeholders waste collection crew, private waste collection company, Poipet District, junkshop operators. Requirements 1. Passage and implementation of a decree which requires 2-level waste for sustained segregation at source into wet biodegradables and dry non-biodegradables operation 2. Passage and implementation of a decree requiring segregated waste collection. Non-segregated or mixed waste shall not be collected. 3. Passage and implementation of a decree which provides the MRF operator priority to purchase segregated, dry non-biodegradables from locators, factories, and establishments within the current Poi Pet special economic zones. 4. Capacity building for MRF supervisor , waste pickers and operators. Source: PISCD Consultant

B. Waste Generation and Composition 156. The bulk of the municipal solid waste of Poipet is generated by domestic sources (households) while the rest comes from other commercial and institutional establishments specifically the casinos, hotels, and guest houses. The per capita waste generation rate was estimated at 0.6 kilogram/capita/day (Footnote 5).

157. Presented in Table 16 is the projected increase in population, waste generation, and waste collection for the city of Poipet. The FS assumed a 1.5% increase in per capita waste generation which will allow the rate to reach 0.81 kg per person by 2030. From the base year 2010, adopting said assumptions, the estimated total waste generation is about 20 tons per day (TPD) in 2012, which is expected to reach 40 TPD by 2020 and 89 TPD by 2030.

Table 16: Projected Population, Waste Generation and Collection of Poipet

Year 2010 2012 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 Projected Poipet population 65,910 72,841 84,628 93,527 108,662 139,521 179,144 Per capita (kg/day) 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.81

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Year 2010 2012 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 Total Generated Waste (TPD) 39.55 45.16 55.01 62.66 76.06 104.64 145.11 Percent Waste Collection 45% 45% 49% 49% 52% 57% 61% Total Collected Waste (TPD) 17.80 20.32 26.95 30.70 39.55 59.64 88.52 Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Poipet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG.

158. The results of the 2-day waste characterization study (WACS) conducted during the FS stage is shown in Table 17. From the same study, it was estimated that the recovery of recyclables could increase by up to 20 to 25% of the total waste generation if picking is not undertaken at the collection trucks.

Table 17: Recovery of Recyclable Materials at the Poipet Dumpsite

Component As a Percent of Waste Collected Casinos Households Cans 0.28% 0.09% Plastic Bottles 0.77% 0.27% Metal 0.27% 0.09% Paper/Carton 0.93% 0.15% Plastic sheets/bags 9.18% 0.60% Total 11.43% 1.20% Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Poipet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG.

159. A municipal solid waste composition assumption was prepared in the Feasibility Study for the Poipet Solid Waste Management Subproject. The waste composition percentages are shown in Table 18.

Table 18: Waste Composition from Households in Poipet

Items Waste Composition Kitchen Waste 60% Textile 3% Grass and wood 10% Metal 5% Ceramic and stone 1% Paper 3% Plastic 8% Rubber and leather 3% Bottle and glass 4% Others 3% Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Poipet Solid Waste Management, ADB TA 7644-REG

C. Materials for Recovery 160. The main function of the MRF is to maximize the quantity of recyclables processed thereby producing materials that will generate the highest possible revenues in the market.

161. The facility is designed to accommodate only dry-source segregated wastes such as plastic bottles, tin cans, glass, metal containers, cartoon, and white paper, among others.

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Therefore, very minimal sorting, if any, is expected once the materials are unloaded into the facility.

162. The facility is not designed to accept mixed and hazardous wastes. It is imperative therefore that the designated personnel thoroughly inspect incoming materials that will be processed/stored in the facility.

D. Market Requirements 163. The trade-off from adopting manual sorting operations, which results in low processing rates is the potential to produce higher quality material recovery (footnote 6). To facilitate the sale at optimum prices of recovered materials, an MRF must satisfy basic market specifications as shown in Table 19. Therefore, MRF is equipped with basic utilities, e.g., water and power and equipment, e.g., hydraulic baler and glass crusher.

E. MRF Operations 164. The MRF will adopt manual sorting operations. The facility will be manned by 25 sorters who are assumed to have the ability to process at least 1 m3 of dry source segregated non- biodegradable waste per hour. Depending on the volume of recovered recyclables, two to four personnel could be added to handle the storage of the valuable materials.

165. The facility will likewise require a nominal staff which will include a facility manager, supervisor, inspector, equipment operator, and a security guard.

Table 19: Sample Market Specifications of Recyclables Material Market Specification Paper  Separated by grade  Baled (size and weight specified) or loose  Dry or including some wet  Clean or some degree of contamination Ferrous Containers  Flattened, unflattened or shredded  Labels removed or not removed  Clean or with a degree of contamination  Including bimetal or no bimetal  Loose, baled or densified (weight and size specified) Aluminum Containers  Flattened, shredded, baled or densified  Free of moisture, dirt, foil, lead, glass, etc. Plastic Containers  Baled, granulated or loose  Separated by color or type or mixed  With or without caps Glass  Separated by color or mixed  Size of cullet (specified)  Degree of contamination Source: A. Dubanowitz. 2000. Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City’s Municipal Solid Waste.

F. Recommended MRF Process Flow 166. The DED of the MRF was designed in consideration of the proposed process flow as recommended in the FS as shown in Figure 27.

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Figure 27: MRF General Process Flow

Bailing of Recyclables

Inspection of Unloading Manual Weighing & Sale of Incoming into Sorting Storage of Recyclables Recording Waste Receiving Recyclables Trucks Area

Temporary Disposal of Storage of Residuals Residuals

Source: Subproject Feasibility Study, Poipet Materials Recovery Facility, ADB TA 7644-REG

G. Location of Materials Recovery Facility 167. The Poipet MRF has been constructed far from residential areas in an 800 m2 MRF compound adjacent to the open dumpsite. It is about 17 km northeast from the center of the town.

168. Figure 28 shows the location of the proposed MRF, while Figure 29 presents the perspective view of the MRF.

Figure 28: Proposed Location of MRF in Poipet

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Source: Detailed Engineering Design, June 2017.

Figure 29: Perspective View of the MRF in Poipet

Source: Supervision Consultant

169. Like the MRFs in Bavet and Battambang, the Poipet MRF will be provided with roof over the unloading and temporary storage areas for recycling materials as requested by the ADB.

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5. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTS

170. The description of the existing environments focuses on the environmental features that could possibly be affected by the subprojects, or could possibly influence the implementation and successful operation of the subprojects.

5.1 COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE TOWNS

5.1.1 Climate

171. The climate of the region is a tropical monsoon climate and is influenced by various factors, including its location in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and the monsoon.

172. There are two distinct seasons: (i) the dry season from November to April associated with the northeast monsoon, which sends drier and cooler air, (ii) the wet season from May to October, in which rainfall is largely derived from the southwest monsoon drawn inland from the Indian Ocean; the rainfall pattern is bi-modal in this season with peaks in June and September/October.

173. The average rainfall in the four towns ranges from 1,280 mm to 1,700 mm with peak rainfall occurring in September/October and the lowest rainfall in February. The temperature is lowest in January and highest in April with an average of 29 – 34 oC.

5.1.2 Air Quality and Noise

174. Air quality and noise data are not available for the four towns. The main sources of noise and air pollutants are from vehicle traffic and dust from unpaved roads, burning of solid waste, gases from untreated wastewater and smog from vehicles.

5.1.3 Geology

175. The geology of all towns is dominated by young alluvium soils made up of sediment deposits from rivers and streams. These are mainly finer sediments, thus a high concentration of silt and clay is found in the ground. Alluvial deposits normally result in fertile land.

5.2 BAVET

5.2.1 Climate

176. The closest meteorology station to Bavet is Svay Rieng which is about 40 kilometers away from the project site. The total average annual rainfall is 1,756 mm with peak rainfall in September and lowest rainfall in January based on the recorded data from 1995 to 2011. The temperature data shows that the average minimum temperature is 23.7 oC, while the average annual maximum temperature is 33.3 oC. The highest temperature was 39 oC recorded in May 2010 and the lowest temperature was 18 oC in December 2010.

5.2.2 Bio-physical Features

177. The topography around Bavet is characterized by flat, low lying land, ranging up to 10 m above sea level. Many of the surrounding water bodies vary in extent with seasonal precipitation.

178. The immediate surroundings of Bavet are dominated by agricultural lands, with sparse and scattered grassland and shrub land in few places. No forest is within the Project area, as shown from the map of forest distribution in Cambodia (see Figure 30).

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Figure 30: Forest Cover in Cambodia

Note: Bavet Town Source: NREM Data Tool Box -Royal Danish Embassy- Danida - Phnom Penh, Cambodia, March 2007.

179. A search of the IUCN Red List12 of terrestrial and aquatic species in Cambodia with habitats in grassland, shrub land and wetlands (the ecosystem types surrounding the project sites when not agriculture) show that five species are endangered and six species are vulnerable. Of these, seven are threatened by “human intrusions and disturbance” and/or “residential and commercial development”. These seven include: Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea), Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), Indian Water Buffalo (Bubalus arnee), Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana), Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Eld's Deer (Rucervus eldii).

180. Bavet Municipality is planning to conserve an area approximately five km downstream from the proposed MRF, near the Vietnam Border. According to the Bavet governor and technical working team, there are still a lot of bird species in the proposed conservation area. The area is assumed relatively rich on bird species and aquatic life, including turtles.

181. The map of important bird areas (IBA) has been reviewed and no vulnerable areas have been identified within proximity to the project sites (see Figure 31).

12 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 01 November 2011.

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Figure 31: Important Bird Areas in Cambodia

Note: Bavet Town Source: Bird Life International, Indochina13

5.2.3 Aquatic Ecology Characteristics

182. Through field observations and meetings with the town officials, the ecology of the Tapov Stream has been discussed. Some fish species such as catfish, hermibagrus (Chhlang), mystus rhegma (Kagnchos), Kragn, and other small fish are present in the stream. The water quality of the stream tends to be poor, especially in times of low water flow. Surface water quality characterization will be conducted during pre-construction and construction stages using the parameters: total suspended solids, total and faecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and temperature. 5.2.4 Land Use and Zoning

183. The existing land use in Bavet is listed in Table 20. Bavet has an existing land use and zoning map, indicating the agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential zones and the direction of the short-term development for the town. This is intended to guide the local officials, the investors and its constituents in urbanization.

13 http://birdlifeindochina.org/datazone/14

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Table 20: Existing Land Use in Bavet

Existing Land use Area (ha) % Residential 4,310 20.9 Agriculture 15,539 75.2 Forest 404 2.0 Unused (future residential) 416 2.0 Total 20,669 100.0 Source: MLMUPC Master Plan (2011)

184. Based on the master development plan of Bavet town 2017-2019, the total area of Bavet town is 20,669 hectares which consists of residential land (21%), agricultural area accounting for 75%, with forest and unused (future residential) land accounting each for 2% of the total area and other areas 2%. Bavet is confronted with the shortage of land for farming and housing which results in an increasing number of informal settlers who were encroaching on the right of ways, natural ponds, streams, canals, forest and the like, in order to have a place to stay. It has been reported that many rice fields are available for sale or waiting for investors to develop the land for industrial and enterprise purposes (see Figure 32).

Figure 32: Land Use in Bavet

Source: MLMUPC Master Plan (2011)

185. Within the town, Bavet Sangkat is considered as the core urban area. The development along National Road No. 1 mainly consists of new buildings such as restaurants, guest- houses, casinos and hotels, beer gardens, shops/stalls and shops-houses. The ROW has largely been left clear, and most encroachment within the ROW is by temporary stalls which have been given permission to locate there until the road is improved.

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186. While the land use plan is meant to guide the development of the town, there is also ad hoc development by casino and hotel owners building dormitories for their staff/employees, usually within the sites of buildings, but there are an increasing number of temporary shelters being built to serve workers. This has encouraged informal settlers to proliferate including an entire community comprised of recent immigrants from Vietnam.

187. The land zoning in specific economic uses within the urban area are shown on the following figures. The existing zoning is shown on Figure 33, and the planned development of the land use to 2015 is shown on Figure 34.

Figure 33: Land Zoning Map of Bavet

Source: Base map from Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction, 2011.

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Figure 34: Land Zoning Plan for the Urban Area in Bavet

Source: Land zoning plan for the urban area in Bavet.

5.2.5 Topography

188. The topography around Bavet is characterized by flat, low lying land, ranging up to 10 m above sea level. Many of the surrounding water bodies vary in extent with seasonal precipitation. The town of Bavet including urban road and MRF site is essentially flat area. 189. The urban road and MRF sites are bounded by irrigation channels, 300 meters to the north, and just east of the property. To the south of the property is a natural drainage channel which extends all the way to the Vietnam border. Bavet is located in a floodplain thus occasional flooding is experienced in the area. The natural flood hazard condition has likewise been considered in the design by using an acceptable finished grade line.

5.2.6 Geology and Soil Type

190. The geology of the Bavet is characterized by young alluvium soils (see Figure 35) made up by sediment deposits from rivers and streams. These are mainly finer sediments, thus a high concentration of silt and clay is found in the ground. Alluvial deposits normally result in fertile land, which is also the case around Bavet. 191. The urban road and MRF site are underlain by alluvial materials consisting of layers of clay and silt based on the published geologic map of Cambodia and on actual site observations. For the site, in particular, the nearest soil sampling tests conducted by FCG International in February of 2016, had the following pertinent results:

 From top soil layer down to 2 m, the soil layer is of Firm yellow-red Sandy Lean Clay, CI(USCS Classification)  The percentage of clay is 71.6%, LL is 32.59%, and PI is16.5%.  The underlying soil stratum from the depth of 2 m down to the depth 8 m, the layer is of very stiff to hard red-light gray, Sandy Fat Clay (USCS Classification).  No water was encountered until the boring depth of 8.0m

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Figure 35: Geological Map of Cambodia

Note: Bavet Town Source: NREM Data Tool Box -Royal Danish Embassy- Danida - Phnom Penh, Cambodia, March 2007.

5.2.7 Water Resources and Hydrology

192. In general, storm water from the upper half part of Bavet discharge to the channel bordering Vietnam to the north. From the northern part of the town, the storm water drains to the open channels then to the main channel that crosses National Road No.1. The flow combines with the storm water collected downstream and ultimately outfalls to Preak Tapov. 193. Preak Tapov is far from National Road No.1 about 2 km, and is situated in Sangkat Bavet, Sangkat Baty Sangkat Prasat and until Vietnam border. The level of water in Preak Tapov rises during rainy season when the channel bordering Vietnam is flooded and becomes shallow during dry season. 194. Water uses of Preak Tapov are for irrigation and animal feeding only. The communities far from the town use water coming from wells, irrigation extracted water from Tapov stream is used for rice growing during dry season. 5.2.8 Socio-economic Development

A. Economic Activities and Core Industries 195. Industrial activities have increased, from four factories in 2006 (including three located in special economic zones, e.g., Tai Seng and Menhatthen) to 61 industrial enterprises in 2011, only two of the factories are located outside of the economic zone. 196. Four existing dry ports are operated by the private sector; So Gnourn Dry Port operating since 2007, Tay Seng Dry Port which started operations in 2011, VGT Dry Port at the Viet Nam border operating since 2008, and San Tong Dry Port. The main activities of the ports are exchange of goods and products between Phnom Penh and Ho Chi Minh City through Bavet and Moc Bai. The transport is in the order of 160 large trucks per day.

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B. Services and Infrastructure

197. Only two simple public markets operate in the town namely the Bavet International Market and the Chi Pou Market, together there are 1,561 stalls/small shops. There is the possibility of establishment of a duty-free market with two investors in discussion with the municipal authorities. The town provides four levels of education; 8 pre-schools with 11 rooms; 17 primary schools to serve 5,232 students; three lower secondary schools with 30 classrooms to serve 2,210 students; and two high school with 45 classrooms for 998 students.

198. In respect of health services, the town has one referral hospital and two health centers. The health centers are very basic and for many serious diseases or injuries patients need to travel across the border to seek proper medical services in Vietnam.

199. Transportation services are facilitated by two small bus terminals. The first terminal is located at the existing public market along National Road No. 1 and is used for local travel between Bavet and other locations in Svay Rieng province. The second terminal is located near the border of Vietnam and provides tourist and international transit services, mostly between Phnom Penh and Tay Ninh on to Ho Chi Minh City. Neither of the terminals comply with international standards.

C. Urban Water Supply System

200. There are two water supply companies operating in the town; one in Bavet Sangkat operated by Khun AKPIWAT Co. Ltd. that serves up to 724 households in the core urban area, and Chi-Phou Urban Water Supply Company which serves the Chi-Phou community with 152 household connections. The water is supplied from boreholes with tanks and electric pumps reticulating the water through a network of pipes.

201. It has been noted in the Master Plan that Bavet needs to expand its water supply capacity to better meet the needs of the growing town population. Khun AKPIWAT Co. Ltd. is seeking for external resources to support expansion of its water supply system.

D. Solid Waste Management

202. Solid waste management in the Bavet municipality is contracted out to a private company, Sok Kheng Co Ltd, since 2009. The collection coverage is very limited. Only about 14% of total households in the Sangkat Bavet are served [calculated from total households in the municipality and total customers]. Only hotels and households, who are living along the main roads, have access to the collection service. The waste collection fee is different for the residential and business households, guest houses and hotels. The solid waste collection fee for a household is $2/month. The waste collection company has four trucks, two of which are compactor trucks and another two are open trucks, for operating its service in the municipality. According to the SWOT analysis, the participants also complained that the company doesn’t have enough trucks and modern equipment to serve the whole municipality. The service needs to be improved.

5.3 NEAK LOEUNG

5.3.1 Biophysical Features

203. Neak Loeung town has a total land area of approximately 2,918 hectares. The subproject site is located in a floodplain area between Mekong River and Stueng Slout. It is mostly flat

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204. The northern end of the proposed flood control dike is connected to National Road No. 1 by an earthen elevated road that branches towards the east to another earthen road leading to pagoda Tuol Samathik. During dry season, the proposed site is surrounded by shrublands with patches of cornfields on the southwest side, and some grazelands on the west. Some photographs of the surrounding areas of the subproject site are presented in Appendix G.

205. The topography around the subproject area is about 8.5 mamsl on the west bank and approximately 8.8 mamsl on the east bank. The elevation of residential areas reclaimed from natural floodplain areas is approximately 6 to 7 m. Many of the surrounding water bodies vary in expanse with varying seasonal precipitation.

206. Soil has a high content of silt and clay with organic content and yellow/brown color. Soil is very suitable for rice farming and other crops. Some clay quarries for brick construction are located east of the subproject area.

5.3.2 Ecological Characteristics

207. The subproject area is mostly dominated by agricultural lands comprised of paddies and orchards with grasslands and shrublands scattered in the area. There is no forest or flooded forest within the vicinity. Some bamboos have naturally grown along the riverbanks that have become habitat for water birds.

208. Ecological resources are limited in the subproject area due to previous exploitation. Local communities have recently converted shrublands into agricultural lands. During the dry season, large portion of agricultural areas are converted into paddy fields for rice production and vegetable growing. Open spaces are used for small scale cattle grazing and livestock production. Acacia trees and shrubs commonly grow wild along the subpropject site along the southern alignment of the proposed dike.

209. According to local authorities, paddy turtles or endangered turtle species were previously found in and around the subproject site before the area was turned into agricultural land. Natural flooding has facilitated in breeding and feeding of some fish species in the subproject site. Thus, villagers have carried out sustenance fishing for their daily livelihoods.

210. Proximity Analysis using Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) shows that there is no Protected Area within 5 km of the subproject site and that there is no species in the area that is included in the IUCN Red List. However, fringes of Bassac Marsh located about 5 km west across Mekong River is a Key Biodiversity Area.14

211. Some common species of birds that are not endangered have been observed in the subproject area such as parrot, pigeon, grey heron, little egret, lesser whistling duck, and mynah. Scattered bamboos are found inside the subproject area, making it a suitable habitat for water birds. The map of important bird areas15 (IBAs) has been reviewed and no vulnerable areas have been identified in the subproject site though there is one in the proximity.

14 IBAT Cam Neak Loeung Flood Embankment Report, 2019. Generated under License No. 1284-5042 from the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool on 11 November 2019. http://www.ibat-alliance.org. 15 http://birdlifeindochina.org/datazone/14.

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5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology

212. The Eastern Mekong floodplain around Neak Loeung has several habitats for some reptile species even though some lands have been converted to rice paddies and cultivated for other crops. However, no rare or endangered aquatic species has been observed/recorded in the subproject area.

213. A number of fish species have been recorded from the subproject area especially during the wet season, however, there is no rare or endangered species.

5.3.4 Water Resources and Hydrology 214. The subproject site is surrounded by natural streams, the biggest of which is the Mekong River along the west side of the site. More than a kilometer east of the site is the Preaek Stueng Slout River which is also inundated with flood waters during rainy season. A small body of water, Preaek Thom stream, is located at the southern boundary of the proposed dike where waters from the Mekong flows into the proposed 363-ha protected area whenever the level of Mekong overflows.

215. The natural streams provide abundant fresh water fishes and aquatic species. Farming and fresh water fishing are the primary preoccupation of local resident. However, the agricultural landscape changes dramatically during rainy season when about 80% of the agricultural areas are submerged in flood waters.

216. Serious flooding events usually occur during the months of August to October. Figure 33 shows the flood area during the rainy season and the proposed protected area, while Figure 34 shows the indicative flood level points based on the results of topographic surveys and key informants interviews.

217. Most parts of the subproject site become flooded during the rainy season primarily caused by the overflows from Mekong River that flows through Preaek Thom along the southern side of the proposed dike into the proposed protected area. Moreover, overflows from River Preaek Stueng Slout more than one kilometer east of the subproject site add flood waters into the area. (Figure 36).

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Figure 36 Flood Area During Rainy Season

363 ha Preaek Stueng Slout

Preaek Thom

Source; GMS Corridor Towns Development Project.

5.3.5 Land Use and Zoning

218. Neak Loeung land use distribution table showing the distribution of the land areas for various uses is presented in Table 21. The land use delineated the areas for future urban expansion. Including the areas to be used for industrial zones and settlements that identifies the residential, commercial, industrial, administrative and social facilities, public utilities, services, agricultural and common properties zones. Figure 37 presents the land use of Neak Loeung town and the surrounding areas.

Table 21: Land Use Distribution in Neak Loeung

Land Use Land Area, hectares Total land area 30,390 Total forest Area 798 Flooded forest area 798 Cultivated land 14,300 Construction land 2,846 Other land area 2,446 Source: Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction, 2010.

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Figure 37: Land Use Map of Neak Loeung Town

Source: Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction, 2010.

219. The town center of Neak Loeung town is lined with several commercial and business establishments such as the public market, shops and stores, hotels and guest houses, restaurants and banks and money exchangers. Within the town center are several primary and secondary schools, making Neak Loeung as the education center of the Peam Ro district. As a cultural center, Neak Loeung have Buddhist temples and pagodas to showcase the historical and cultural heritage of what was once the center of the Golden Era of Cambodia.

220. The commercial establishments are concentrated on the eastern side of the Mekong River close to the area where the ferry barges operate. Within the town center is the 1.2-ha public market which has been congested with ambulant vendors and makeshift stalls in view of the increased trade and traffic along the transport corridor.

221. The eastern side of the town center which has a land area of 363 ha is being developed as a new urban center for the expansion of commercial and business establishments and residential areas. This area however is annually under water due to flooding brought about by heavy rains during months of August to October. The proposed subproject is designed to protect the area from annual flooding and is expected to bring rapid urban expansion and economic growth in the eastern side of the town.

222. A house and lot on the southern end of the dike lie partially on southern alignment of the dike. There are also other vacant private properties that will be affected by the construction of the dike.

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5.3.6 Socioeconomic Development 223. The strategic location of the town provided the stimulus to increased trade and commerce for processed agricultural products and locally manufactured bricks and construction materials for distribution to its nearby provinces and districts.

224. The public market which has been established close to the ferry port has become the major center for the exchange of goods and services among traders, suppliers and producers from adjacent towns, cities and provinces and even from neighboring country of Vietnam. The market sells fresh agricultural products from local farmers and goods imported from Vietnam.

225. The agricultural sector, including farming, fishery and forestry, has always been the main source of income and livelihood of the majority of the population in Neak Loeung. The Mekong River provides adjacent residents aquatic resources for their livelihood and household incomes. In the forestry sector, the economic activities involve craft works, furniture manufacturing and extraction of raw materials (clay and sand) along river banks for e.g. building structures.

226. With the improved road and transport system along the corridor town, there has been a gradual shift in economic activities from what used to be predominantly agriculture, fishery and forestry to the industry and services sectors. The services sector involving trade and commerce is expected to emerge as a dominant economic sector owing to the increasing number of commercial and business establishments, specifically surrounding the ferry landing area and the emerging urban center in the eastern side of the town center.

A. Population Profile

227. As of 2018, the total population of the two communes that will be affected by the flood control dike in Neak Loeung town was 5,800. Table 22 shows the gender distribution that will be affected by the subproject.

Table 22: Population Distribution in the Protected Area

Commune Village Families Male Female Total Neak Loeung 501 1,165 1,293 2,458 Neak Loeung Preaek Ta Sa 215 812 888 1,700 Preaek Khsay Kha Phum Pir 344 833 809 1,642 Total 1,060 2,810 2,990 5,800 Source: Commune Database, 2018.

B. Urban Infrastructure

228. With the increasing population, particularly in Neak Loeung town, the local district authorities are facing the challenge of meeting the needs and demands of an urbanizing population and economy. The existing urban infrastructures have become inadequate to provide the required amenities and utilities for the growing urban inhabitants.

229. Most of the urban infrastructure investments such as water supply and sanitation, flood control and drainage including roads and transport systems get funding support from the public sector with assistance from donor agencies and financial institutions. The public sector investment is complemented by private sector groups that are engaged in operating and managing water supply system, public market and garbage collection in Neak Loeung.

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230. Serious flooding events occurs during the months of August, September and October in Neak Loeung when the area is affected by heavy rains and the inundation of Mekong River. This condition is aggravated by inadequate regulations that results in obstruction of natural and constructed drainage systems. Some drainage ditches have also been clogged with vegetation growth and solid wastes.

C. Agriculture, Industry/Livelihood and Services

231. Neak Loeung is a market and trading area in the province of Prey Veng which lies on the lower part of the Mekong floodplain. The town is largely an open grasslands and agricultural area, portions of which are cultivated for crop production. Natural streams crisscrossing the grasslands provide abundant fresh water fishes and aquatic species. When enough water overflows from the streams, grasslands are turned to rice paddies, while open dry grounds are used for cattle and goat grazing. Farming and fresh water fishing are the primary occupations of local residents while taking advantage of available fertile lands and the natural streams. The agricultural landscape changes dramatically during the rainy season when about 80 % of the agricultural areas are submerged by flood waters.

232. An important inherent resource are the local entrepreneurs engaged in small scale enterprises activities such as vending, trading and small enterprises. Over time, local residents and business groups have developed resiliency to withstand the perennial flooding and moved on to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. In consultative meetings and dialogues with provincial and national authorities, local residents have expressed strong demand for the provision of essential urban infrastructures particularly those that would mitigate the adverse effects of annual flood occurrences.

233. The congested market area has become an eye sore among commuters and tourists due to improper disposal of waste along the side of the main road and in several sections of the inner urban roads. Trading and vending activities along the main road have caused major disruption of the traffic flows, clogging the drainage structures and creating severe environmental problems.

D. Cultural Heritage

234. One of the Buddhist pagodas in Neak Loeung is Tuol Samathik which stands on a hill about 600 m south of NR No. 1 along the alignment of the proposed flood control dike. It is an example of the rich cultural heritage of the town, which was once the center of the Golden Era of Cambodia. The access road to the pagoda connecting it to the national road will be part of the road on top of the dike that will be reconstructed and improved.

5.4 BATTAMBANG 5.4.1 Climate A. Rainfall

235. Cambodia’s climate is tropical monsoonal, divided into two seasons, rainy and dry. The rainy season regularly starts in late of May and finishes in late of October and the dry season covers the months of November to April. Battambang is within the flooded plain of Tonle Sap Lake, and has a low to medium precipitation with an average annual rainfall of 1,280 mm, for the last nineteen years (1995-2013) based on rainfall data obtained from Department of Meteorology in Phnom Penh and Office of Meteorology in Battambang. The monthly and annual rainfall data are presented on Figures 38 and 39, respectively.

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Figure 38: Average Monthly Rainfall

Source: Battambang Station, Year 1995-2013

Figure 39: Average Annual Rainfall

Source: Battambang Station, year 1995-2013

B. Temperature

236. According to temperature data recorded at the meteorology station in Battambang during the period 2008 to 2014, the average annual minimum temperature is 24.2 oC, while the average annual maximum temperature is 33.0 oC. The highest average maximum temperature was 36.9 oC (April 2013), and the lowest average minimum temperature was 18.0 oC (January 2014).16 The average monthly temperature data are presented on Figure 40.

16 Department of Meteorology in Phnom Penh and Office of Meteorology in Battambang.

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Figure 40: Average Monthly Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Battambang

Source: Battambang Station, year 2008-2014

5.4.2 Bio-physical Features

237. The topography around Battambang is characterized by flat, low lying land, ranging between 10 and 20 meters above sea level. Many of the surrounding water bodies vary in extent as the level rises significantly with varying seasonal precipitation. A major feature of Battambang is the Sangke River which flows through the town center.

238. The subprojects are located in Battambang town with exception of the proposed site for the new wastewater treatment plant which is located in Sangke District east of Battambang town.

239. The immediate surroundings of Battambang are dominated by agricultural lands, which stretch 5-10 km on both sides of the Southern Economic Corridor road, from Phnom Penh to the southeast to Poipet in the north-west. Towards the northeast, the agriculture changes to grass and shrub lands and 25-30 km to the east-southeast the land is covered with forest (see Figure 41).

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Figure 41: Forest Cover in Cambodia

Note: Battambang Town

5.4.3 Wildlife Features

240. The greater Tonle Sap ecosystem, within which Battambang sits, is home to some of the world’s rarest and endangered bird species including Pelicanus philippensis (Spot-billed pelican), Leptoptilos dubius (Greater adjutant stork), Cairina scutulata (White-winged duck), Mycteria cinerea (Milky stork) and Leptoptilos javanicus (Lesser adjutant stork). It shelters some of the last viable populations of bird species thought to be extinct elsewhere. The flooded forest hosts the largest breeding water bird colony anywhere in Southeast Asia covering an estimated 875 ha in Battambang province, but it is approximately 65 km from the proposed subproject site (see Figure 42).

241. However, the map of important bird areas17 (IBA) in Cambodia has been reviewed and no vulnerable areas have been identified within close proximity to the project sites.

242. A search of the IUCN Red List18 of terrestrial and aquatic species in Cambodia with habitats in grassland, shrubland and wetlands (the ecosystem types surrounding the project sites when not agriculture) show that 5 species are endangered and 6 species are vulnerable. Of these, seven are threatened by “human intrusions and disturbance” and/or “residential and commercial development”. These seven include:

 Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea),  Hog Deer (Axisporcinus),  Indian Water Buffalo (Bubalus arnee),  Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana),

17 http://birdlifeindochina.org/datazone/14 18 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 01 November 2011.

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 Smoothcoated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata),  Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and  Eld's Deer (Rucervus eldii).

However, none of these species have been reported in the subproject area.

243. The subproject area is highly disturbed by urban and agricultural development and does not include any sensitive habitats or support any rare or endangered species of flora or fauna.

Figure 42: Important Bird Areas of Cambodia

Note: Battambang Town Source: Birdlife International

5.4.4 Aquatic Ecology 244. The Sangke River and its tributaries belong to the greater ecosystems of Mekong, more precisely the part connected to Tonle Sap. Of all the vertebrates of the Tonle Sap ecosystem, fishes are undoubtedly the largest group, both in number of species as well as in biomass. The precise number of species in the Mekong is not known; the total number recorded or inferred from the known zoogeography of the region includes about 1,200 species, but up to 1,900 species could be expected.

245. For Cambodia in particular, 500 species have been described (including the Tonle Sap ecosystem) but the real number is higher. The lack of a practical, comprehensive fish species identification guide for use in the field by local data collectors, and the fact that local names of fish species usually cover more than one species, contributes to some uncertainty about the actual species richness. Some of the species found in the Tonle Sap remain there

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246. Amphibians and reptiles are common in the ecosystem, even though larger species like turtles have become rare or have disappeared altogether as the result of excessive hunting etc. Aquatic snakes are very common, as are toads and frogs. However, the Project area does not include any sensitive habitats or support any rare or endangered species of aquatic flora or fauna.

247. Stung Sangke is one of the main rivers in Battambang Province in north western Cambodia. The Sangker River is approximately 250 km (160 mi) long. It flows through 6 districts and 27 communes in Battambang province before draining into the Tonlé Sap lake. The average depth of the river, based on raw data provided by the Battambang's Department of Water Resource (2013) is 2.35 m during the dry season and 6.79 m during the wet season.

248. The river at low water is relatively narrow at the upstream end near Battambang, narrowing even further in places to tightly curved meanders through swamp grass and flooded forests, before gradually opening out as you approach Tonle Sap. The population used water in Stung Sangke for drinking, irrigation and animal feeding. Snakes, turtles, frogs and many fish in order of clupeiformes, siluriformes, perciformes, beloniformes, sybranchiformes and osteoglossiformes.

249. Anlong Veal stream is one of the branches of Stung Sangke. It connected to Stung Sangke from Wat Ta Mim commune and discharge to Tonle Sap lake with dense population settlement along both banks of the stream, the population uses water in Anlong Veal stream for drinking, irrigation and animal feeding. Snakes, turtles, frogs and some fish species such as catfish, hermibagrus (Chhlang), mystus rhegma (Kagnchos), Kragn, and other small fishes are present in the stream.

5.4.5 Land Use and Zoning

250. The land use pattern of the municipality is based on the zones (see Figure 43) generally indicated in the land use plan (see Table 23). The major land use category is the agriculture zone which occupies 8,558 ha or three-quarters of the total area.

Table 23: Land Use in Battambang Land Use Category Area (ha) % of Municipality % of Settlement area Residential zone 456.7 4.02 15.8 Residential with agriculture zone 1,379.6 12.16 47.6 Mixed use zone 584.5 5.15 20.2 Commercial zone 42.1 0.37 1.5 Administration zone 132.6 1.17 4.6 Culture zone 104.4 0.92 3.6 Small and medium industry zone 65.5 0.58 2.3 Public green space 17.6 0.16 0.6 Sports and recreation zone 9.1 0.08 0.3 Agriculture zone 8,557.5 75.40 - Total 11,349.6

19 Lamberts, D. 2001. Tonle Sap fisheries: a case study on floodplain gillnet fisheries in Siem Reap, Cambodia. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. RAP Publication 2001/11, 133 p. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/004/ab561e/ab561e.pdf

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Figure 43: Land Zones in Battambang

Source: Land use of urban area of Battambang municipality March 2009

5.4.6 Residential and Agricultural Areas 251. The residential zone and residential areas with agricultural zone together account for more than 1,800 ha or almost 16%. The residential areas are concentrated along arterial and main roads. The residential with agriculture areas are situated towards the outskirts of the city in the peri-urban areas. The mixed-use zones which include all urban, sub-urban and rural areas covers a total area of 584 ha accounting for 5% of the municipal land area. These zones exist along the national roads and main road networks surrounding the commercial center. The small and medium industry zones consist of a mix of small-scale enterprises for vehicle repair shops, construction companies, and small-scale factories.

252. The town center or core urban area of the municipal have several commercial establishments such as markets, shopping stalls, hotels and restaurants including financial facilities such as banks and money changers. As the educational and cultural center of the province, Battambang has several universities, colleges and vocational training centers, monuments, Buddhist temples and pagodas, a sports center, museum and an exhibition hall to showcase the historical and cultural heritage of what was once the center of the Golden Era of Cambodia. The town center is also the seat of municipal government and comprises administration buildings, district offices of provincial and district level departments, court houses and other public offices.

253. Battambang has 24 informal settlements mainly scattered across the inner city. Some communities have been residing on public land (e.g. on canals, road corridors, pagodas grounds and along the railway) for many years. The settlements are characterized by insecure land tenure, inadequate and unhealthy living conditions and insufficient basic amenities such as water supply, electricity and safe sanitation.

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5.4.7 Socio-economic Development A. Education, Health and Tourist 254. Based on Battambang’s Three-Year Development Plan 2017-2019, social infrastructure provided in the town includes educational facilities provided by the public sector, 31 kindergarten/pre-schools (state 27 and private 4), 34 primary schools with 464 classrooms, 9 secondary schools with 144 classrooms, and 5 high schools with 193 classrooms.

255. The town has one referral hospital, one district referral hospital, 8 health centers and 12 clinics to provide health services to the local residents.

256. The town has 48 hotels, 71 guest houses, 65 restaurants and trading facilities are provided by four large markets/trading centers and nine small markets. The markets comprise 284 stalls and 130 shops.

B. Agriculture, Handicraft and Commerce

257. Agriculture is responsible for a large share of the economy in Battambang. The major agricultural activities include rice production, vegetable growing, livestock and poultry farming. The Tonle Sap Lake provides adjacent residents with a fishing resource for their livelihood and household incomes. In the forestry sector, the economic activities involve craft works, furniture making and extraction of raw materials for housing and building structures.

258. The handicraft and services sectors are developing and have during the last decade attained a larger share of the local economy. An increasing number of commercial and business establishments are anticipated to create positive impacts on the economic activities and the interplay of the agriculture, industry and services sectors. The increasing trade and traffic flow of people, goods and services are expected to result in the increased number of local inhabitants engaged in the industry and services sectors.

259. Table 24 presents an overview of the local businesses in Battambang divided into categories. The numbers illustrate a rising activity in the service sector, especially; whereas the activities related to agriculture and handicraft seem more stagnant. There has been a considerable increase in job opportunities in the service and handicraft sectors. 260. The majority of the workers who are engaged in the agricultural and fishing activities are seasonally employed, which is a fragile situation with respect to securing livelihoods.

Table 24: Handicraft and Commerce in Battambang

Total number by Year Description 2013 2014 2015 Rice mills (medium and big) 35 29 52 Local power supply 1 1 4 Brick Handicrafts 16 15 6 Salt Handicrafts 2 2 11 Weaving Handicrafts 0 0 1 Handicraft made from bamboo and rattan 10 9 6 Furniture shop 53 41 46 Stone, Copper handicrafts 3 7 10 Aluminum, metal Handicrafts 60 43 30 Plastic Handicrafts 1 1 12 Grain shops 39 30 26 Water drinking Handicrafts 16 17 20 Other Handicrafts 18 27 16 Source: Three year development plan (2017-2019)

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C. Solid Waste 261. Collection of waste in Battambang is undertaken by a private contractor, CINTRI, that undertakes the collection and transport of waste and sweeping of the streets until 2034. The area covered includes approximately 80% of the households. This is mostly determined by the accessibility of the roads to the collection trucks. The households pay a monthly fee of $0.5-2.0 for the collection service.

262. The daily waste generation is estimated to roughly 100 tons, where 65-70 tons are collected. The end station is an open dump with no environmental technology, which takes up 2 ha of land. A local NGO is taking responsibility for some recycling and training for waste pickers.

D. Urban Roads

263. The total length of paved roads in the municipality is 86.9 km. The corridor road runs through the town center, which results in congestion, risk of accidents and pollution in the urban core area.

5.5 POIPET

5.5.1 Climate A. Rainfall 264. Cambodia’s climate is tropical monsoonal, divided into two seasons, rainy and dry. The rainy season regularly starts in late of May and finishes in late of October and the dry season covers the months of November to April. Poipet is located in the northwest part of Cambodia, and the closest meteorology station is in Sisophone which is about 45 km away. Monthly rainfall data are shown on Figure 44. Based on the available data (2000-2017), the total average annual rainfall is 1,203 mm (see Figure 45).

Figure 44: Monthly Rainfall Data

Source: Sisophone Station, year 2000-2017

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Figure 45: Total Annual Rainfall

Source: Sisophone Station, year 2000-2017

B. Temperature 265. According to temperature data recorded at the meteorology station in Sisophone (2010- 2012), the lowest monthly mean temperature is 20.2 oC, the average annual minimum temperature is 23.6 oC, while the average annual maximum temperature is 32.3 oC (see Table 25 and Figure 46).

Table 25: Average Monthly Temperature in Sisophone

Average Minimum Temperature Year Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 2010 22.5 26.0 26.2 28.1 28.4 27.8 26.9 26.3 26.7 24.3 22.3 20.6 25.5 2011 17.5 20.6 21.6 23.0 24.0 24.2 23.7 23.5 23.6 23.3 22.0 18.7 22.1 2012 20.6 22.2 23.7 24.0 23.7 23.7 23.9 23.7 23.8 24.2 23.2 21.3 23.2 Avg. min 20.2 22.9 23.8 25.1 25.4 25.2 24.8 24.5 24.7 23.9 22.5 20.2 23.6 Average Maximum Temperature Year Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 2010 32.4 35.8 36.9 38.8 37.5 35.8 34.6 32.7 33.1 29.9 29.0 30.0 33.9 2011 29.8 32.3 31.5 31.9 31.9 31.0 31.0 30.1 30.1 29.0 31.9 30.1 30.9 2012 31.6 32.6 33.7 33.9 33.6 32.0 31.8 31.5 30.5 30.0 31.0 31.9 32.0 Avg. max 31.3 33.6 34.0 34.9 34.3 32.9 32.4 31.4 31.2 29.6 30.6 30.7 32.3 Source: Sisophone Station, year 2010-2012

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Figure 46: Average Monthly Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Sisophone

Source: Sisophone Station, 2010-2012

5.5.2 Biophysical Features

266. The topography around Poipet is characterized by extensive lowlands, with only a few higher areas to the north and east, ranging between 30 and 80 meters above sea level. The highest point is a hill formation right north of town and the stream south of town is finding its way along the lowest elevations. The main river is the Mongkol Borei River.

267. The immediate surroundings of Poipet are dominated by agriculture, forest and grassland. The natural ecosystem type inherent to the surroundings of Poipet is characterized as deciduous dipterocarp forest, which is tree vegetation typically with an open canopy combined with a grassy ground layer. However, as seen on the map below which illustrates the forest cover across Cambodia in 2006, not much forest is left around Poipet. Given extensive deforestation and expansion of agricultural activities, there is no forest vegetation in the subproject areas.

5.5.3 Wildlife Resources

268. According to the Poipet PIU Chief, there are rabbits, and wild pig in the open areas along Ou Chrov River but there are no rare or endangered species observed in recent times. A small number of bird species have been observed, including the white heron, dove, wood- sparrow, common moorhen and sarus crane, in the lake about 5km from the proposed subproject area. There are no areas under protection or conservation that are of economic value.

269. The map of important bird areas20 (IBA) has been reviewed and no vulnerable area has been identified within close proximity to the project sites.

5.5.4 Aquatic Ecology

270. In the Poipet, the main drainage feature is the stream, O’Chrov River, which flows along the border with Thailand. Some fish species (catfish, hermibagrus (Chhlang), mystus rhegma (Kagnchos), micronema cheveyi (Kampliev), and Chhlogn) are present in the river and in the

20 http://birdlifeindochina.org/datazone/14

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5.5.5 Water Resource and Hydrology

271. Ou Chroy River is about 1 km from Poipet town. It is situated along the Cambodia and Thailand border and connected to Sereisophorn River and flows into Tonle Sap Lake. The river becomes flooded during rainy season by the floodwaters mostly coming from Thailand. Some parts of Ou Chroy River have no water during dry season.

272. Ou Chroy River is used for irrigation and animal feeding. The communities far from the town use water from ponds and wells because there is no water supply in their areas.

273. Most of storm water and sewage in Poipet town and Thailand border drained into Ou Chroy River so the water in the river cannot be used for drinking (Figure 47).

Figure 47: Poipet Drainage Flows to Ou Chroy River

Note: Red line is the Ou Chroy River.

5.5.6 Land Use and Zoning

274. The municipality of Poipet has prepared its land use and zoning plan with the assistance of the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) and other participating government agencies and institutions. The plan delineates the land use categories into industrial, commercial, residential, social, open spaces and administration zones.

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275. Table 26 sets out the existing land use as described in the FYDP. The largest proportion of land is dedicated to residential development is 49%. The second largest is dedicated to agriculture at 46%.

Table 26: Existing Land Use in Poipet

Land use by type Area (ha) % Residential 13,340.66 49 Agricultural 12,604.76 46 Special economic zone 718 3 Lake and river 650 2 Total 27,313 100 Source: Poipet Five-Year Development Plan 2015-2019.

276. The town of Poipet has its share of informal and ad hoc settlements on the urban fringes where informal settlers are located. Based on FYDP there were 21,956 households (6%) residing on public land with limited access to public utilities (see Figure 48).

277. The land use around Poipet can be classified roughly as built-up, farming, grassland or forest areas. The map below illustrates the distribution of the land use categories. The mapping data also shows development of canals for drainage leading to rivers and streams.

Figure 48: Land Use in Poipet

Source: Poipet Land use Plan

Source: Poipet Five-Year Development Plan 2015-2019.

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5.5.7 Socioeconomic Development

A. Education, Health and Market

278. Base on Poipet Five-Year Development Plan, 2015-2019, Social infrastructure provided in the town includes educational facilities provided by the public sector 36 kindergarten/pre- schools (state 19 and private 17), 39 primary schools with 344 classrooms, seven secondary schools, and four high schools with 87 classrooms. No school near the subproject site.

279. The town has one referral hospital, four health centers and one health post to provide medical and health services to the local residents. These public health facilities are complemented by 78 privately run clinics and pharmacies. No hospital, health center or clinic near the subproject site.

280. Market and trading facilities are provided by four large markets/trading centers and nine small markets. The markets comprise 284 stalls and 130 shops. No market and trading facility near the subproject site.

B. Transportation and Dry Ports

281. There are three bus services/terminals operating in Poipet far from the storm drainage subproject, all are managed by the private sector; one is a small terminal providing passenger bus services, another terminal is for cargo and freight, and the third terminal operates international/cross border services for passengers and goods. There is an average of 800 passengers and tourist buses daily travelling between Poipet - Siem Reap - Phnom Penh, with approximately 1,200 people taking the overland route in the peak tourist season and about 500 people during low tourist season.

282. There is an existing dry port and loading facility which is located along NR 5 leading to the town center of Poipet. However, the facilities and area of less than 2 ha are inadequate to deal with the increasing volume of traffic and container trucks. The municipal authority plans to transfer the site to avoid disruption of traffic flows along NR 5 that occurs when container trucks and heavy vehicles park on either side of the road awaiting processing though the dry port.

C. Railway Crossings

283. As mentioned earlier, the proposed drainage lines will be crossing the railroad of the Royal Railways of Cambodia, particularly the North Line (Sisophon to Poipet) which is currently being rehabilitated. It is expected that the railway is already operational once the construction of the subproject component commences, which means that drainage lines L-1, L-2, and L-4 need to be constructed under the railways. For drainage line L-3, the railway authority will be building a railway bridge above the existing open canal/stream.

284. During construction along affected drainage alignments, it is required that careful planning be observed to minimize disruption of the railway’s operations. Accordingly, the contractor should follow the construction methodology recommended in the railway rehabilitation study prepared for the Railway Authority. This study covers the rehabilitation works required for the line connecting Sisophon to Poipet.

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Figure 49: Reconstruction Method of Pipe and Box Culverts

Source: Cambodia Railway Rehabilitation, ADB TA 6251-REG.

D. Agriculture, Industry and Service

285. Despite the large area of land dedicated to agriculture, what used to be an agricultural based economy, has transformed into a services economy where more than 71% of the working population are engaged in the services sector (see Table 27). This is largely due to the presence of private sector investments which predominate in the recreational and gaming establishments, large hotels and restaurants. The major sources of income among town residents include employment as service providers, company workers and laborers. The number of skilled and management level employment in the services sector is expected to increase as the private sector expands in the commerce and trading industry in Poipet. Between 2011 and 2013 the largest increase in participation has been in the services sector (increasing from 64% to 71%).

Table 27: Main Economic Activity by Sector

% of % of population % of population Sector Main Activity population (2012) (2013) (2011) Agriculture Rice farming 35.4 32 28.30 Industry Handicraft 0.6 0.55 0.45 Services Casino/hotels/gaming 64 67.45 71.25 Source: Poipet Five-Year Development Plan 2015-2019

E. Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation

286. The water supply system of Poipet is operated by a private company, ANCO Water Supply Poipet. The coverage area of the system is about 50% of the total households and commercial facilities in Poipet. In 2014, there were around 6,300 connections. The capacity of the existing water treatment plant is around 30,000 cum/day, but the average production is only about 11,000 cum/day. The main source of water is the river separating Thailand and Cambodia, which flows to an impoundment reservoir. Based on billing data, the average water consumption ranges from 50 to 130 lpcd. The system is operated 24 hours per day. The water company projects 1,500 new connections per year (Source: ANCO Water Supply Poipet, March 2015).

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287. The number of commercial and tourism establishments connected to ANCO, as of March 2015, is 54. Daily water consumption of these establishments is around 440 m3 (see Table: 28).

Table 28: Commercial/Tourism Facilities in Poipet

Description No. Monthly Water Total Daily Consumption Monthly Consumption rate m3 m3 m3 Poipet Hotel 8 500 4,000 133 Guesthouse 7 450 3,150 105 Rented House 7 400 2,800 93 Market 2 500 1.000 33 Duant office 1 400 400 13 Sub-total 25 11,350 378 Phsarkandal Guesthouse 1 450 450 15 Rented House 1 400 400 13 Market 1 500 500 17 Hospital 1 500 500 17 Sub-total 4 1,850 62 Total 29 440 Data from ANCO Water Supply in Poipet, March 2015

288. The sewerage system in Poipet is made up of open canals (10 km) which were constructed through the cost and in-kind contributions from local residents and approximately 38.6 km of pipe/culvert also provided through contributions from residents.

289. Local authorities have included the improvement of the storm drainage as a high priority urban infrastructure to address the needs and requirements of the expanding urban center in Poipet. The District Department of Public Works and Transport (DDPWT) is providing technical assistance in the preparation of the master plan and design layout of the proposed storm drainage system improvement.

290. In the town center, households generally have pour flush, pit or basic single vault latrines. In the case of hotels, casinos and other larger buildings, there is a national standard for septic tank design requiring connection to the main drainage/sewerage system. Household waste and those from the commercial centers also discharge through collection and haulage to the north eastern part of the town.

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6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

291. The IEE provides an analysis of anticipated impacts associated with the construction of urban roads, flood control dike, storm water drainage systems, and materials recovery facilities in the towns of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet. Environmental safeguard measures have been incorporated in the subprojects as follows:

i. Preconstruction / Design Phase. The period before the actual construction starts and designs are being prepared. This allows the designers to incorporate the environmental management plan (EMP) in the project design, technical specifications and contract documentations;

ii. Construction Phase. The period from the time that the “Notice to Proceed” is given to the contractor and when the “Certificate of Completion” is issued. The contractor would construct the project as per the design and technical specifications and implement the EMP;

iii. Operation and Maintenance Phase. The period starting when the “Certificate of Completion” has been issued by PMU.

292. The intended significant impacts to arise from the subprojects are improvements in public health and the quality of life, and foster economic growth in the four towns from the provision of urban road, flood control dike, storm water drainage, and MRF.

293. The operation of storm drainage system, flood control dike, urban road widening and MRF are expected to generate benefits, including:

 Public health as well as city environment;  Mitigate health related problems and adverse environmental conditions brought about by the absence of wastewater management system and MRFs;  Provide more employment and livelihoods opportunities;  Improve the water quality of the river and stream water;  Minimize flooding of the residential and commercial areas;  Widen the main road in Poipet into a 4-lane road with median planted with trees and ornamentals and with lighting facilities;  Improve road safety and ease of traffic flows along the main road and minimize road accidents;  Provide convenience and easy access of local residents to social and economic services;  Recovery of recyclable materials from municipal solid waste generated in the towns and improvement of the solid waste management system;  Improve and support the ongoing economic development;  Increase trade services and support existing and future tourism development; and  Improve transport and communication services.

6.1 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS

294. Potential impacts, including project area of influence have been assessed by means of site visits, interviews with local authorities and stakeholders, design engineers and the use of secondary sources of information. The area of influence covers the primary subproject site, including its components, access roads, workers camps, borrow pits, and disposal areas. It also includes areas and communities potentially affected by cumulative impacts from further planned and unplanned (but predictable) developments of the subproject.

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295. This section summarizes the potential environmental impacts and required mitigation measures associated with the development of the proposed subprojects and these are incorporated into the EMP.

296. For the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike, the area of influence includes the areas and households around the outer edge of the dike and its components that would be receptors of both negative and positive impacts during construction and operational phases of the dike, specifically, those within a kilometer distance on the northern, eastern, and southern sides of the subproject.

6.2 IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN PHASE

297. The design and pre-construction phase will include a number of investigations and surveys to obtain technical information to go into the design for the subprojects. A topographic survey and culvert locations were made to determine relative elevations. As this does not require any site disturbance, there are no impacts to consider. Affected persons will be identified and compensation and other assistance for lost assets will be made.

298. Rainfall variability including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events and an increase in the occurrence of flooding as a result of documented climate change impacts have been factored in to the design to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the subprojects. Mitigation measures include ensuring the dike and road are raised above the level of the flood waters and the side drains so that surface water will flow laterally into the storm water drains in the protected area and along each side of the road.

299. Recruitment of construction workers by the contractors will prioritize local residents to reduce the number of migrant workers.

300. Contractors will comply with the statutory requirements set out by the GoC for use of construction equipment.

301. Affected households will be displaced from their houses, land and other assets due to the construction and operation of the dike. Compensation for AHs will be paid in line with the Resettlement Plan.

6.3 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

302. Erosion and sedimentation. Loosening of the soil during excavation and site clearing may cause soil erosion and sediment transport into nearby streams during rainy periods in the construction sites. To prevent sediment transport to streams, minimize exposed areas and provide sediment traps or temporary sediment basins. Alternatively, adequate short-term drainage away from the construction sites will prevent ponding and flooding. As much as possible earthworks should be done during dry periods. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water.

303. Loss or damage of trees and vegetation. Site clearing, digging, and excavations and other civil works may damage or uproot trees and vegetation. Mitigation measures include installation of protective physical barriers around trees that do not need to be removed. If cutting or removing trees or vegetation cannot be avoided, the owner should be properly compensated or the cleared area should be revegetated and landscaped after construction is completed.

304. Excavations of quarries and borrow pit. Improperly abandoned borrow pits pose risks factors including frequent sliding, loss of life and ecosystem services, groundwater

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project contamination, and loss of arable land. To minimize the risks, sourcing of construction materials ( stones, gravel and sand) for the dike will only come from licensed commercial quarries and crushers. Should borrow pits be necessary, pits will be covered by required government permits/approvals.

305. At present, the source of the aggregates for the embankment has not yet been identified. We leave it to the contractor to identify the source, provided that proper license or permit to use the identified source shall be secured from the MoE and other pertinent government regulatory agencies and/or private owner of the property to be submitted to the PIU/PMU as part of the pre-construction activity.

306. Disposal of spoil. Excavation activities will generate spoils that must be removed and disposed of in a predetermined and approved location. Spoil that is suitable for filling material will be used for the embankment while the unsuitable material will be disposed off site to avoid blockage of side drains or impede the flow of surface water runoff to side drains or canals. The contractor will provide a detailed construction EMP that will identify the means and method of spoil disposal in sites that are far from streams or any water bodies.

307. Air quality. There is no relevant base line data for air quality in the four towns. There are no anticipated long-term impacts on air quality from the physical works component. However, dust associated with excavation, earth moving and dumping/temporary storage of fill materials for the embankment will be generated during construction. Likewise, exhaust emissions from machineries and vehicles will also be of particular concern as these can cause respiratory issues to residents, particularly the elderly and the very young, who live in close proximity to the subproject sites.

308. Mitigation measures will include: (i) water spraying of the source of dust to dampen the ground and minimize fugitive dusts; (ii) potential sources of dust, such as stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulin and trucks transporting loose construction spoils shall also be covered; (iii) use and operation of fully maintained vehicles and diesel equipment that have been certified as compliant with local emission requirements; (iv) avoid unnecessary operation of vehicles and equipment; (v) turn off all machinery when not in use to avoid build-up of fumes.

309. Noise and vibration. The noise/vibration receptors in the subproject site are few households because the area is relatively unpopulated except for the segment near the intersection with National Road No. 1 and the pagoda in the north end, and along the provincial road at the south end of the dike. Increased vehicular traffic along the transport route of construction vehicles will also cause intermittent and relatively short duration of noise/vibration nuisance.

310. To reduce noise and vibration modern and well-maintained equipment with functional noise suppressors will be used, Operation of the machineries during daylight hours only, and coordination with the local authorities for information dissemination would also help mitigate noise/vibration nuisance.

311. Traffic congestion. Construction activities will temporarily impede traffic flow and reduce parking for resident’s vehicles in front of theirs house during the construction period. In order to limit the inconvenience to local traffic movement, road construction will be undertaken along one side of the road at a time in order to permit access to residents’ houses.

312. Transport of construction materials to the project site can be also caused congestion of traffic in some places. Avoiding construction/installation and transportation material in and out of the construction sites in busy time (start and end working time, 7:00-8:00AM, 11:00- 12:00PM, 1:00PM-2:00PM, and 5:00-6:00PM) will be planned, barriers, traffic poles, safety

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313. Warning signs will be provided to indicate which side of the road is being prepared and to prevent access onto the active section of road under construction. The involvement of the local traffic offices will be critical in liaising with contractors and residents to ensure the efficient completion of the road and drainage projects. There may also be the need to increase the number of walkways along the construction site and crossings for the pedestrians and animals.

314. Disruption of utility services. In Bavet and Battambang impacts of urban road and drainage construction may affect the nearby schools, hospitals, and other establishments as well as the residents near the project sites during construction. Aside from possible land, water and air pollution, disruption of utility services such as water supply and electricity may occur. Close coordination with utility companies shall be made to ensure that the construction works will not damage any water, cable or electrical lines.

315. In Poipet, the proposed drainage lines will be crossing under the railways of the Royal Railways of Cambodia, hence, it is imperative that the construction plan shall be agreed upon by the railway company so that no service disruption will occur due to the construction and operation of the drainage system.

316. Cultural heritage. During construction, contractors will ensure that any local cultural sites (including shrines and graves) will be kept clear of construction material and protected from dust and other disturbance. Access to these sites will not be impeded, and after construction is finished any disturbed surroundings will be restored to pre-construction standards. For the pagoda Tuol Samathik, a walkway alongside the dike will be provided for access during construction to allow passage starting from PK0+00 near NR 1 to the pagoda.

317. The walkway will be constructed starting from PK0+00 at Preak Tasar village, Neak Loeung commune. Access to the pagoda will not be affected during construction because people will continue to access the pagoda through the walkway. When the construction reaches the pagoda, the road access to it will be removed and people can access the pagoda from another site of the dike (at the PK0+00, Preak Tasar village). The pagoda is located in Neak Loeung village, Neak Loeung commune.

318. Temporary workers camp. Temporary construction camps of workers may affect the local community by using their natural resources e.g. land, water and consequently producing sewage and solid waste. Solid waste, such as residue of the construction materials, kitchen waste, and foods waste will be generated in the construction sites and workers camp. Spreading of the wastes at construction sites and workers camp will cause many problems to social and environmental resources in the project areas. Mitigation of problems cause by temporary camps include: (i) location of construction camps will select at such a place that minimum complaints of local community are anticipated; (ii) the contractor will properly manage all waste generated from the construction activities and workers camp; (iii) the contractor will provide pour flush latrines for workers and bins for solid wastes generated from the camps; (iv) the land used for the contractor's camp will be restored to its original condition by the contractor after completion of the works.

319. Workers health. The project implementing agencies and the contractor will follow all safety working procedures and standards by providing proper PPE to workers, clean water supply and reasonable camp sanitation facilities, and access to medical services by the workers in the camp. The contractor will establish good working relationship and cooperate with local authorities and policemen to prevent the entry of drugs in the camp sites. Close collaboration with health institutions in the provinces will be established to prevent as much

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project as possible the entry of communicable diseases, as well as sexually transmitted diseases in and around the workers camp.

320. Site de-commissioning and rehabilitation. Site decommissioning and rehabilitation activities will be progressive and upon completion of construction works within each project site. It will include the removal of all construction materials, used or unused, and residual solid wastes. All efforts will be made to engage local labor to undertake the site decommissioning works and where practicable, the use of women or community groups.

6.4 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

321. Road and Drainage. The main impacts during the O&M phase are damage to the road and drainage due to the activities of the residents within the areas served by the subprojects. Damage may occur from overloaded trucks and clogging of drainage due to indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes and unmaintained vegetation growth.

322. The key part of O&M of the drain outside of schools and other establishments to ensure the drain is not used as a place for the disposal of solid waste, plastic bags and other household refuse. This will require the full and coordinated support of the school and the wider community including the parents and sellers of products. A solid waste bin should be placed nearby and emptied as part of the regular waste collection program. A community awareness program with the school and the community with suitable signages placed at the open sections of the drain should be carried out.

323. Mitigation measures include a comprehensive public awareness and capacity building campaign which incorporates improving attitudes to solid waste management and the impacts of activities that may result in damage to the road pavement.

324. Periodic maintenance activities include clearing of the cross-culverts to ensure clogging and flooding do not occur. This work is best scheduled prior to the onset of each rainy season. Regular inspection of the road by the municipal engineer will help prevent damage to the pavement and drainage during construction of structures near the road and drainage lines.

325. It is expected that the water quality and hydrology of the receiving bodies of water of the drainage systems will not significantly alter the quality or the hydrology of the water bodies since the combined drainage systems in the three towns are presently being discharged into the same water bodies.

326. Flood Control Dike. The dike and its components are intended to minimize flooding that cause economic loss due to public health and damage to property. Operation of the dike is expected to help develop expansion of the urban center that would stimulate economic activities and improve trade and investments in the town and its adjoining areas. It will also serve as additional road segment to the town’s road network to provide access especially during rainy season.

327. Drainage Channel and Detention Pond. The drainage channel and detention pond shall be cleaned at regular intervals to remove the accumulated sediments at the bottom, solid wastes, and clear the sides of weeds and other vegetation to prevent growth of plants. It is essential that the sides be cleared of vegetation to prevent habitat for insects, including mosquitoes that may become disease carriers.

328. Families within the protected area and those that were resettled elsewhere would have at least maintained or improved their pre-project levels of living standards and those in the category of vulnerable groups, e.g., poor households, are assisted to help improve their socioeconomic status.

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329. The MRF. It will operate properly with regular maintenance of its electro-mechanical parts. Regular application of lubricant to its motor and pulleys is necessary for its continuous operation as well availability of spare parts.

330. Regular unloading of collected recyclable materials means continuous operation of the MRF. It is also necessary that the by-products of segregation, i.e., residuals and biodegradables, are promptly transferred to the open dump to avoid disruption of operations.

331. Sweeping of floor should be regularly done and the sweepings properly collected and placed in bins for eventual transfer to the dumpsite.

332. Regular hauling and selling of the baled recyclables should be done to ensure that the MRF will not be overcrowded with materials that would impede the flow of operations within the MRF.

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7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

333. A stakeholder communication strategy was prepared for the CTDP. The strategy is based on the principles of meaningful engagement, transparency, participation, and inclusiveness to ensure that vulnerable and/or marginalized groups such as women, the poor, and unemployed, have been given equal opportunities to participate in the design of the project. The strategy also provides the means and opportunities for stakeholders to continue to be engaged during project implementation.

334. Consultations of affected stakeholders of the four subproject towns were conducted with the following formats: 1) discussions with government officials and private sector representatives; and 2) interviews with village leaders, focus discussion groups and household interviews/surveys.

7.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS

335. Stakeholders were identified in a participatory and flexible manner. Stakeholder communication to date has focused on institutional stakeholders, communities within the town areas, and persons directly affected by proposed subproject interventions. The stakeholders of the design and successful implementation of the CTDP include: a. Institutional stakeholders including the (i) EAs and IAs and other relevant government agencies responsible for the design, management and implementation of the subprojects; (ii) state institutions which share an interest in the subprojects; b. Private sector institutions, particularly businessmen and potential participants in the subprojects and those who share an interest in the outcomes of the subprojects; c. Non-government organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) which have provided information that have been incorporated into the design of the various subproject interventions, and which might participate in implementation of measures and interventions; d. Communities living along the corridors of impact who will benefit from the subprojects, and who have an interest in identifying measures to enhance or maximize the benefits, communities within the subproject areas who may be directly and/or adversely affected, and who have an interest in the identification and implementation of measures to avoid or minimize negative impacts; e. As a sub-group of the above, vulnerable and/or marginalized groups who have an interest in the identification and implementation of measures that support and promote their involvement and participation in the subprojects; and f. Other institutions or individuals with vested interest in the outcomes and/or impacts of the subprojects.

7.2 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PROJECT RESPONSE

336. The results of the public consultations that were conducted as part of the IEE showed an overwhelming positive support for the CTDP in all four subproject towns. Tables 29 to 33 summarize the comments from different stakeholders of the main infrastructure developments in the towns of Bavet, Battambang, and Poipet. The negative reactions to the different infrastructure developments are shown in bolded italics font in the tables.

337. During the public consultations held in the three towns in 2018, two NGOs attended: COMPED and GIZ Cambodia in Battambang and Poipet, respectively. Both NGOs are involved in community development related to solid waste management. NGO participation in

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project future public consultations, especially in connection with the Neak Loeung flood control dike would be elicited.

338. Public consultation to update this IEE and the separate EMP was organized in Bavet town on 19 June 2018 and attended by 43 participants, including two women.

Table 29: Summary of Stakeholder Views on Road Improvement and Storm Drainage in Bavet

Stakeholder Views on Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues Road users,  Improved access to markets, key social  Safety barriers, signages, members of services (health and education services) and warning lights, including households in urban employment opportunities; flagmen will be provided to catchment of  Reduced local flooding from improved drainage help reduce road accidents. National Road #1 (household and public health);  The contractor will work  Small household retail businesses will become closely with the local police more profitable as traffic volumes and local office and other town officials incomes rise; to coordinate implementation  Potentially increased incentives to produce of road safety during higher value agricultural products as transport construction. to markets improve;  Proper warning signages on  Increased incomes from produce and cash road safety will be installed crop marketing will allow families to invest in during operation. better housing and healthcare which will improve wellbeing and living standards;  Increased access to vocational education, training and employment opportunities among youth. Negative Issues:  Potential road accidents and safety issues in and around construction site. Transport operators  Increased business opportunities to carry passengers and goods; New services/routes  PIU will organize IEC can open up; campaign to reiterate safe  School and tourist bus and taxi services will driving practices to minimize improve. accidents along the road. Negative Issues:  Drivers may over speed creating risks in the road

Street vendors  Improved access and increased traffic and  The CEMP provides mitigation and markets along passenger flow can increase volume of sales; measures to address dust, the roads  Access and mobility improved (convenience, noise, build-up of vehicular comfort and ease of travel). traffic, and other impacts Negative Issues: during construction.  Dust, noise, build-up of vehicular traffic during  The Construction Supervision construction will monitor implementation of the CEMP. Health and  Services in schools and the health center  Positive education personnel disrupted during rainy season flooding can resume without interruption;  There will be easier access to the clinics for mobile health teams from District hospital and for patients travelling to town clinics/ District hospital. Police/traffic officers  Improved security (including street lighting)  The local police force will deterrent for petty and local criminals; Civil enforce its rules and defense capability of local area improved. regulations governing road Negative Issues: safety. Enforcement of road safety rules. Businesses,  Assuming other constraints to the  Positive agricultural sector/industry are overcome, production in the

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Stakeholder Views on Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues product processors area will increase, diversify and modernize as it and becomes easier to get products to market; exporters  Improved access will encourage further investors in the special economic zones Municipality  As major stakeholder in infrastructure and  Positive service provision;  Potential to levy higher fees/taxes with improved services;  Can encourage additional investors to area as services expanded to cover wider area Merchants  Improved access and increased traffic and  Positive passenger flow can increase volume of sales to small businesses and households Negative comments to subproject component are written in bold fonts and responses are provided underneath it.

Figure 50: Pictures of Public Consultation Held in Bavet Town 19 June 2018

339. Public consultation was organized in Poipet town on 22 June 2018 with 32 participants, including 1 woman to update the IEE and the separate EMP.

Table 30: Summary Stakeholder Views of Storm Drainage in Poipet

Stakeholder Views of Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues Households in  Flood by rain water will reduce;  The CEMP provides mitigation beneficiary area  Improved public health status and living measures to address dust, conditions in immediate area (adjacent to noise, build-up of vehicular existing open channels and sewers); traffic, and other impacts  Improved environment and reduced during construction. nuisance (smell and flies) for households;  The Construction Supervision  Potential increase in land values as result of will monitor implementation of foregoing; the CEMP.  Opportunities to participate in environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign. Negative Issues:  Temporary impacts during construction will need to be addressed.

Private investors  Induced business opportunities from  The CEMP provides mitigation and business incremental improvements in urban measures to address dust, operators environment and improved services and noise, build-up of vehicular infrastructure. traffic, and other impacts Negative Issues: during construction.

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Stakeholder Views of Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues  Concerns regarding disturbance to private  The Construction Supervision investors and businesses during will monitor implementation of construction. the CEMP.

Municipality  As major stakeholder in infrastructure and  Positive service provision;  Potential to levy higher fees/taxes with improved services;  Can encourage additional investors to area as services expanded to cover wider area Wider community  Improved public health status and living  Positive conditions (reduced flooding, reduced nuisance - smell and flies);  Opportunities to participate in environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign Negative comments to subproject component are written in bold fonts and responses are provided underneath it.

Figure 51: Pictures of Public Consultation Meeting in Poipet Town

340. Public consultation was also organized in Battambang town on 21 June 2018 with 38 participants, including 10 women to update the IEE and separate EMP.

Table 31: Summary Stakeholder Views of Storm Drainage in Battambang

Stakeholder Views of Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues Households in  Flood caused by rain water will be  The CEMP provides mitigation beneficiary area and reduced; measures to address dust, school  Improved public health status and noise, build-up of vehicular living conditions in immediate area traffic, and other impacts during (adjacent to existing open channels construction. and sewers);  The Construction Supervision  Improved environment and reduced will monitor implementation of nuisance (smell and flies) for the CEMP. households;  Potential increase in land values as result of foregoing;

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Stakeholder Views of Subproject Component Response to Negative Issues  Opportunities to participate in environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign Negative  Dust and noise nuisance near school, hospital, and houses

Private investors  Induced business opportunities from  The CEMP provides mitigation and business incremental improvements in urban measures to address dust, operators environment and improved services noise, build-up of vehicular and infrastructure. traffic, and other impacts during Negative Issues: construction. Temporary impacts during construction will  The Construction Supervision need to be addressed. will monitor implementation of the CEMP. Municipality  As major stakeholder in infrastructure  Positive and service provision;  Potential to levy higher fees/taxes with improved services;  Can encourage additional investors to area as services expanded to cover wider area Wider community  Improved public health status and  Positive living conditions (reduced flooding, reduced nuisance - smell and flies);  Opportunities to participate in environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign Negative comments to subproject component are written in bold fonts and responses are provided underneath it.

Figure 52: Pictures of Public Consultation Meeting in Battambang Town

Table 32: Summary of Stakeholder Views on MRF in Bavet, Battambang and Poipet

Stakeholder Response to Negative Views of Subproject Component Issues Households in  Improved and regular waste collection  Positive beneficiary area and management reduces localized pollution from informal and illegal rubbish dumping;

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Stakeholder Response to Negative Views of Subproject Component Issues  Improved public health status and living conditions in immediate area;  Improved environment and reduced nuisance (smell and flies) for households currently adjacent to, close proximity of, existing dump-site;  Opportunities to earn additional income from ‘recyclables’;  Opportunities to participate in recycling, environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign  Concerns regarding noise and dust during construction near school and households in beneficiary. Private  Increased business opportunities in  Positive contractors offering regular and reliable waste collection services. Temporary impacts during construction will need to be addressed through the CEMP. People trading in  MRF can formalize recycling and trade in  Positive waste products; waste; Waste pickers  Provides opportunity for income generation through sale of waste collected from town or sorted at landfill;  Opportunities to participate in recycling, environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign Wider community  Improved public health status and living  Positive conditions (reduced nuisance - smell and flies);  Opportunities to earn additional income from ‘recyclables’;  Opportunities to participate in recycling, environmental health and hygiene awareness raising campaign

7.2.1 Consultation Meetings and Workshops for the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike

341. During the inception phase of the Neak Loeung flood control dike, PPTA Consultant conducted series of consultative meetings and site visits in selected subproject locations for the flood control dike. The meetings and field visits were undertaken in relation to the preparation of the FS of the subproject. These events were participated by representatives from the local communes, women’s groups, business sector and local government agencies. Among the key discussion points taken up during the consultations and participation processes were the following:

 The need for flood protection dikes and related structures to address social and environmental problems associated to annual flooding occurrences;  Availability and selection criteria of suitable sites for the construction of flood protection dikes, pump stations and access road;  Technical design considerations in the location of the protection dikes given various site options;  Land acquisition and resettlement concerns on households, properties and lands that will be adversely affected by the construction of flood protection dikes;  Indicative cost of flood protection structures, pump facilities and access roads;

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 Social and environmental safeguards and necessary mitigation measures as perceived by the subproject stakeholders; and  Institutional arrangements during subproject implementation and operation and maintenance responsibilities.

342. Meetings with stakeholders which included provincial officials, commune leaders and project officials gave significance to the range of subproject issues and data acquired to reinforce subproject benefits and required social mitigation actions, as well as inputs to the preparation of the Resettlement Plan (RP). Consultation with commune leaders and affected AHs were done twice during the subproject dissemination and presentation of alternative options in 2011 and 2012. Women (40%) were actively participating during the consultations.

343. The Inventory of Losses (IOL) and Socio-economic Survey (SES) were undertaken simultaneously with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interview (KIIs) in Neak Loeung and Preaek Khsay Kha communes soliciting input from 25% sample representatives of AHs. Collected information were analyzed and processed which formed the benchmark for resettlement planning. Overall, the participatory activities are summarized in Table 33.

Table 33: Participatory Activities in RP Preparation

Activity Date Participants Output Project Scoping Workshop  Project officials  Awareness of the Consultation meetings at  Provincial heads subproject provincial and commune levels  Local commune  Initial social impact leaders  Assessment of  Affected Households subproject Data Gathering December  Affected Households  Baseline data Focus Group Discussion 14-22, 2011  Local commune  Perception of the Key Informants Interview leaders subproject IOL and SES  Women (40%)  Mitigation measures  25% sample  Recommendations on RP households

344. Consultations with the district officials of Peam Ro and the PIU, and commune authorities in Neak Loeung town were held on 25 September 2019 to update the safeguard documents on the flood control dike and organize the GRC. The Preaek Khsay Kha commune governor summarized the results of the meeting by saying that the annual flooding due to inundation of the rivers and heavy rainfall has been their problem for many years. It is hoped that the flooding would end and that the access road would make travel and transportation easier for Neak Loeung in the future. Details of the consultations, including the attendees and some photographs are presented in Appendix H.

7.2.2 Summary of Issues and Concerns

345. Highlights of the results of the community consultation meetings are presented in Table 34. Details of results are incorporated in the RP.

Table 34: Summary of Issues and Recommendations

Date Purpose Participants Issues Recommendations/ Outputs Dec. Project Local Positive: 14, information & commune  Protection from flood for 2011 dissemination leaders & AHs the communes

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Date Purpose Participants Issues Recommendations/ Outputs (1 man, 8  Improvement in the  Redesign of alignment to women) environment avoid impact on people, land  Improvement in local & structures economy  Identification of alternative Negative: options  Loss of land  Scheduling of census of IOL  Compensation Dec. Presentation Commune Positive: 24, of Conceptual leaders and  Protection of commune  High level of support 2011 Design AHs (8 women, from flood  Signified donation of land 4 men)  Increased productivity of from 96 HHs from 1 cropping to 3  Participation of commune croppings per year leaders & HHs in land  Provide access road identification  Improvement on aesthetics & environment

Negative:  Low compensation  Compensation at replacement  Loss of land cost  Loss of some structures  New technology on waste  How will the project management will be provided manage the wastewater? by the study team  Loss of business  Alternate work for women includes dressmaking, hairdressing; for men skills on TV repair, bike & motor repair

346. There was positive attitude towards the subproject and high level of acceptability as benefits expected are wide ranging. Expected benefits in the provision of the flood control will bring increased productivity in rice and vegetables as people can enjoy three croppings without damages from flood. The access road is expected to contribute to the improvement of footpaths as well as improvement on aesthetics and environment.

347. The cost of productive land that will be lost due to the subproject must be compensated based on replacement value.

348. Overall, the subproject was fully supported as evidenced by people signifying voluntary donation of land.

7.2.3 Planned Consultation and Disclosure Measures During RP Implementation

349. The project information has been disseminated to the AHs during the process of public consultation at the time of preparation of RP and this will continue throughout the subproject cycle. Draft Project Information Booklet (PIB) will be disclosed at relevant commune offices before subproject appraisal and the updated PIB will be distributed to each AH during the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS). Draft and updated RPs will be placed at relevant Commune Offices and will be uploaded on the ADB’s website in compliance with ADB’s SPS. Particular attention will be given to ensure the participation of the vulnerable or otherwise those at risk of marginalization such as households headed by women and people with special needs. The location as well as timing of consultation meetings will be arranged to foster attendance and cause least disruption to AHs work and family responsibilities. Invitations to attend consultation meetings will be addressed to both spouses of households. All consultation and disclosure activities will be properly documented and minutes of meetings and attendance sheets will be prepared and recorded.

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350. PIB will be distributed to all AHs indicating general contents which include the following items: (i) project profile; (ii) project impacts; (iii) compensation and entitlements; (iv) grievance redress mechanism; and (v) resettlement procedures, timing of payments and schedule. Social monitoring reports will be uploaded on ADB’s website.

7.3 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR ADDITIONAL WORKS

7.3.1 Information Dissemination for Authority and Local Communities

351. During updating of the IEE and EMP, the following additional consultation activities were carried out by social and environmental team from ADB, PISCD consultants and Battambang PIU which was held on 17 May 2019 within project areas in the South Earth Canal of the Battambang Town. The public consultation was conducted with relevant community and stakeholder, local authorities within Battambang who are involved in project implementation. The consultation was intended to inform the stakeholders about the additional works and to complete the IEE and EMP reports. The stakeholders present were in the consultation were:

 District Vice Governor of Sangkae District;  Village chief who are living in the project areas/involve with project and located in Bang Village, Anlong Veal Sangkat, Sangkae District;  Villager, who are living in project area and located in Bang Village, Anlong Veal Sangkat, Sangkae District;  Construction Contractor;  Construction Supervision Team, who are responsible of construction supervision;  Project Implementation Unit (PIU);  Social and Environmental specialists, PISCD consultants, and ADB representatives.

352. Arrangement of the meeting was done through PIU, City Governor and community leaders in the commune/Sangkat and village. The total participants were 25 persons with 7 women. Figure 53: Pictures of Consultation with Local Authorities

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353. The results of the meeting are summarized in Table 35. The detailed issues raised and approaches to addressing the issues were taken up during the consultations related to south of canal (additional work).

Table 35: Result of Public Consultation with Local Authorities Position and Ideas, Comments and Questions Organization By Social and  Expected temporary disruptions during construction that may occur Environmental  GRM process and procedures: People can file complaint to contractor and PIU Specialist from during the construction. PISCD consultant  Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) conducted in February 2019 and about 32 and ADB, PIU, CS affected households (AHs) were identified using the previous DED. and Contractor  AHs who have been surveyed already are no longer impacts by this subproject.  The Corridor of Impact (COI) is now shifted to the middle of the road to minimize the impacts.  Compensation will not be made for those who carrying the yellow slip for previous DMS under this section (750 m long box culvert).  The level of existing canal is very low and if the box culvert is developed, can household connect to that box culvert?  Is this the combined system for wastewater and storm drains? Most of people are concerned of the smell at the open section of the drainage system.  Most of the people want to know when the construction starts? People want to proceed with the construction as soon as possible.  Heavy traffic will block the road from the rice fields to his rice mill, which would Community (Villagers adversely affect his business operation as a rice miller during construction. in Beng Village)  Concern over children who may fall in to the excavated hole. Contractor should prepare proper barrier to prevent this risk.  At present, the existing drainage system from Sangkat Prek Prah Sdach flow down to Sankkat Anlongveal before discharge into existing South Earth Canal, which may result in more frequent flooding in Sangkat Anlongveal especially during heavy rain.  If the project would provide appropriate main drainage system, it will reduce flooding and improve sanitation in Sangkat Anlongveal. On behalf of the people

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Position and Ideas, Comments and Questions Organization that are living in Sangkat Anlongveal would like to thank the project and support the project 100%.  Before construction, safety signboards should be installed as well as temporary security line/fence for safety of traffic. Community (Villagers  The anticipated concerns of the communities about the project include the in Beng Village) following: - Bad smell from new storm drainage system - No detour road or bypass during construction - Children falling into the deep excavations. Response of the study team (PISCD consultants and ADB), PIU, CS, Contractor and Prek Prah Sdach District Governor to the above concerns:  Mr. Song Soeng, BTB PIU replied that the drainage system will provide the connectivity for residents’ houses.  The design includes provision for household connection and the level of box culvert is lower than the rice field which is okay for gravity flow from the residences.  At the moment, the drainage system is a combined system but it would be separate system in the future.  There will be temporary access road to be built by the contractor to get access to the rice miller so that the business can operate as usual, according to the contractor and the PIU.  There are three existing roads connecting to the canal that will be constructed which can be used for detour.  Fencing will be installed around the excavated areas to prevent children from falling down into the hole.

354. The deputy of the Provincial Department of Water Resource and Meteorology of Battambang expressed his support for the subproject and also his concern on the quality of the discharge, which may not be suitable for irrigation. Report on the water quality of the discharge will be provided to his office.

355. During the public consultations in Battambang, residents in the downstream areas of the drainage lines attended the consultations.

356. In the case of storm water drainage in Poipet, the management of the Royal Railways of Cambodia were invited and expressed no objection to the construction of the drainage lines provided it will not disrupt the operation of the trains. Accordingly, the laying of drainage lines under the railways was done while the railways were undergoing maintenance works.

357. In the succeeding public consultations, more women/groups will be invited to ensure that more women will participate and be properly represented.

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8. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

358. The analysis of alternatives to the subprojects focused primarily on subproject locations. Table 36 summarizes the assessment of alternatives for four towns. The analysis of alternative locations is summarized below. Table 36: Alternatives to Subprojects in the Four Towns Subproject Infrastructure Alternatives assessed, and Environmental Component selected alternative or Social Significance Bavet Urban road Option 1: 15m Impact Corridor – selected Reduced Option 2: 20m Impact Corridor resettlement MRF No alternatives identified N/A Neak Loeung Flood control dike Option 1: 3.8 km of flood control dike Increased Option 2: 4.4 km of flood control dike - beneficiaries & fewer selected AHs will be displaced Battambang Storm water According to Development Master Plan N/A drainage MRF According to Development Master Plan N/A Poipet Storm water Option 1: Combined sewage & storm Under present drainage water system - selected conditions, combined Option 2: Separate systems system is selected MRF Option 1: Old landfill site Advantageous for Option 2: New landfill site – selected future development

359. The preliminary design of the Neak Loeung flood control dike involved the construction of 3.8 km dike that would secure an area of about 350 ha. However, further investigations and field consultations indicated that several residential houses and commercial establishments would be directly affected by the construction of the flood protection dike since the structures will traverse through a number of private properties.

360. After a thorough analysis of the topographic survey results, the construction of a 4.4 km of protection dike that would secure a bigger area of 363 ha was agreed by the local communities, provincial and municipal authorities and the EA.

8.1 MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY

361. In Cambodia with a relatively low percentage of combustible components like paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles etc., the waste composition will normally not make incineration an acceptable or sustainable option. The advantages and disadvantages of incineration are shown in Table 37. However, the method has been described and analyzed as an option, in order not to exclude any available method.

Table 37: Incineration Issues Advantages Disadvantages Volume reduction Very high costs, both investment and operation Detoxification of hazardous waste Technically sophisticated Reduced leachate and landfill gas production Requires highly skilled operators at the landfills Energy recovery Secondary pollution impacts, particularly air pollution and fly ash disposal

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362. The warm and humid climate in Cambodia, as well as the high proportion of biodegradable, organic material are favorable conditions for composting. However, some sort of pre-treatment or separation schemes could be included.

363. Based on an assessment of available composting technologies, it is recommended to adopt composting using aerobic windrow composting with frequent mechanical mixing. The advantages and disadvantages of composting are presented in Table 38.

Table 38: Composting Issues Advantages Disadvantages  Low-tech solution (the proposed solution)  Only suitable for a portion of the mixed  Reduces the quantities of residuals that need solid waste (MSW), unless a large to be landfilled percentage of reject for disposal is  Properly prepared end-product is accepted environmentally friendly which can be used  Relatively high unit cost of production as soil conditioner for municipal or  Limited resource utilization of the total agricultural use municipal solid waste  May cause negative environmental impacts if not properly operated

364. Composting is considered suitable only for waste with a high content of organic material, like market and yard waste, etc. For mixed MSW, the reject percentage could be high (40- 50%) for production of compost of sufficiently high quality. In most developed countries, modern composting is mainly based on source-separated organic fractions of MSW.

365. Without quite extensive post-treatment, like sieving etc., compost based on MSW has a limited use. It is internationally accepted to see this compost as soil conditioner, not a fertilizer. In most western countries the compost is used by the municipality in parks, at road side slopes, as vegetation cover at landfills, etc.

366. Based on experience from elsewhere it is considered economically feasible to compost only about 20 percent of the total MSW stream. This percentage of the MSW may be achieved through rather low-cost and simple pre-sorting separation schemes. A higher percentage of composting may require extensive and expensive additional source separation schemes.

367. Small scale, manual back yard composting of food and garden wastes, and possibly vegetable waste from households should be strongly encouraged and stimulated in medium and high income areas, with large lot sizes, and in rural communities.

368. Central sorting of MSW waste may be done in plants with different complexities, from very simple plants with mechanical sorting of more bulky components (cardboard, plastics, metals, etc.) to more complex plants with mechanical pre-sorting, conditioner and a main sorting line where these components of items that have an economic value are manually picked and sorted. The advantages and disadvantages of central sorting are shown in Table 39, while the comparison of the various common solid waste management techniques is presented in Table 40..

Table 39: Central Sorting Issues Advantages Disadvantages  High yield resource recovery (material  Can only receive a portion of the MSW recycling) (normally not mixed/wet household waste)  Limited impact on the environment  Can be complex and expensive to operate

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Advantages Disadvantages (enclosed plants)  Sophisticated facilities: high initial investment and operating costs  Very limited domestic market for the potential materials and varying international markets with large price fluctuations

Table 40: Comparison of Solid Waste Management Techniques

Aspects Sanitary Incineration Composting Low-tech Landfilling Central Sorting Environmental impact Acceptable Good to very Acceptable to Good to very good good good (high % rejects) Resource recovery Acceptable Good to very Barely Good (LFG) good acceptable Local operation and Good to very Not Acceptable Good Acceptable maintenance capability good (low-tech (appropriateness) solutions) Need/market for end Good to very Very good Acceptable to Good to very product good (electricity) good good (difficult market for recycled materials) Efficiency (% of total Very good Good (70-80%) Acceptable Good (30-40%) MSW stream handled) (100%) (10-30%)

369. The analysis concluded that all the MRF sites are in accordance with national and professional requirements as presented in Table 41 and thus could be utilized in the future SWM system. The compliance with various criteria has been assessed as good and medium with no poor assessment.

Table 41: Compliance with Disposal Site Location Criteria

Criteria Compliance Data on MRF Comments with Criteria Minimal distance from Good MRF sites in Bavet & As close as realistically possible town center. (Reduced Battambang are when following the master plan transport costs) approximately 5 km development in the next 15-20 from town centers, years. The site also has a good while the MRF in location for optimized access Poipet is about 17 km road. from town center due to unavailability of land Minimum volume Good/medium All MRF will have Available volumes for min. 20 requirement: minimum of 20 years years of operation. min. 20 years of operation Adjacent land is available and operation, preferably idle and over time the site should more. be extended. No inhabitants in area Good All MRF sites have no Nearest house (only a few) 1 km and no neighbors resident within 300m away within 300 m

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Criteria Compliance Data on MRF Comments with Criteria Favorable soil/ground Good/ All MRF sites have Most probably the soils have conditions. (highly medium low permeability limited permeability due to the recommended; similar to nearby fact that there are paddy fields in impermeable soils) paddies parts of the site. No stability and no underlying or problems are expected under the adjacent potential or local soil conditions and landfill existing design. No groundwater interests groundwater or surface or wells in the neighborhood. water sources Good and adjacent Good/Medium Soil cover not needed Most of the cover material may availability of cover in MRF be provided through initial 1-2 m material. excavation of the site. Suitable recipient for Medium Limited volume of Proper drainage will be provided. leachate. leachate from MRF No flooding at the site Good All MRF sites not The flood situation is important, flood prone and consultations with the local EA and residents have been carried out on this, concluding that the sites are not flood prone areas. Uncomplicated Good All MRF sites owned A land title has been provided ownership of area. by government and the site is readily available. Limited or no ambient Good All MRFs are located The area has no land use except area use and interests. in government for agriculture within a wide property and beside distance from the site. existing dumpsites are operating, except for Bavet, which is far from dumpsite. Available existing Medium Access roads, Since the sites have isolated infrastructure. electricity, & water locations with very limited supply to be adjacent activity, electricity lines, constructed/ installed water supply wells and access road must be constructed, but at a moderate extent. No other Good All MFRs are located The site is not in wetlands or in environmental in government an area with valuable fauna/flora constraints (protected property and beside importance. It is an elevated dry natural areas etc.) existing dumpsites land with limited vegetation. are operating, except for Bavet, which is far from dumpsite. None (or limited) other Good All MRF sites inside No other plans in the adjacent political constraints government property area. Site readily available and provided by the Governor. No other natural Good All MRF sites not in Not subject to earthquakes or conditions fault line similar calamities. concerns

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 100

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9. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION

9.1 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PROCESS

370. As indicated above, information on the subproject components were provided to stakeholders. Verbal and written presentations of the subprojects were provided to all participants.

371. The formal disclosure of information to affected persons and stakeholders during the updating of the IEEs were meant to form the beginning of continued information disclosure and stakeholder involvement as the subprojects are implemented. As part of the stakeholder communication strategy, regular information exchange meetings with stakeholders are strongly encouraged throughout implementation of the subprojects.

372. People who may be affected by the subprojects or concerned about their environmental impacts are entitled to lodge complaints regarding any aspect of the preparation and implementation of the subprojects.

373. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal.

9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

374. The primary management framework overseeing the implementation of the environmental management plans (EMPs) for the four towns are the: (1) Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) which is the executing agency (EA) of all the subprojects; (2) the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport (PDPWT) which will be the implementing agency (IA) of the subprojects; (3) a project management unit (PMU) formed by the EA that will oversee implementation of the subprojects in the four host towns in Cambodia; and (4) the four host towns that will be the project implementation unit (PIU) who will assist the PMU.

375. In Neak Loeung, the PMU will organize the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) which will be managed by the District Office of Public Works and Transport (DPWT). The PIU will coordinate and oversee the day-to-day implementation of the subproject. In undertaking its task and responsibilities, the PIU will work closely with the District of Peam Ro to ensure proper coordination and working relations with local contractors, suppliers and service providers engaged by the PMU. The Project Implementation Support Consultant (PISC) engaged by the EA, will provide advisory services to the PMU and PIU in project management, financial and procurement procedures and monitoring and evaluation, and operation and maintenance.

376. At the PMU a social and environmental officer (PMU-SEO) is assigned and the SEO will form part of the environmental and social management unit (ESMU) for all subprojects in Cambodia.

377. The Project Implementation and Capacity Development (PISCD) Consultant, Detailed Engineering Design (DED) Consultant and Construction Supervision (CS) Consultant assisted to update detailed designs of the subproject, including the additional works, upgrade the EMP to ensure EMP meets the final subproject designs. The ADB will undertake periodic loan review missions to check EMP compliance. 378. The overall responsibilities of the EA/PMU are summarized below:

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a) Overall responsibility for subproject implementation and establishment of the subproject Management Unit; b) Sign the subproject Agreement on behalf of the National Government; c) Approve medium term and annual rolling plans for subproject implementation; d) Ensure compliance of Loan Covenants; e) Ensure government counterpart fund allocation; f) Establish and manage first generation impress accounts; g) Submit disbursement projections and withdrawal applications to ADB; h) Submit audited subproject accounts and audited financial statements to ADB; i) Approve procurement plans, bidding documents, bid evaluation and contract awards; j) Submit regular quarterly and annual subproject reports to ADB; k) Submit updated resettlement plans for ADB concurrence prior to implementation; l) Ensure compliance of subproject implementation with ADB’s social and environmental policies and guidelines; m) Approve proposed actions in the event of adverse financial audits or monitoring and evaluation reports; and n) Select Consultant for Project Implementation Support and Capacity Development (PISCD). o) Submit semi-annual safeguards report to ADB.

379. The PMU will hold overall accountability of the subproject implementation and operation on behalf of the EA and work as national subproject agency.

380. The responsibilities of the IA are summarized (Provincial Department of Public Works and Transportation) below: a) Coordinate and monitor subproject activities of the PIU; b) Support PIU in carrying out the approved annual rolling plans; c) Coordinate and provide capacity development program for PIU; d) Obtain necessary approvals from respective departments prior to awarding of civil works contracts; e) Support PIU in the implementation of EMPs; f) Coordinate regular reporting of PIU to EA on EMP implementation; g) Undertake regular quality control inspection of subproject facilities; and h) Manage the handover of subproject facilities to agencies responsible for operation and maintenance.

381. As the PIU, the host towns will oversee and coordinate the implementation of the subproject investments including the management of the institutional strengthening plan. It will also be responsible for coordinating subproject implementation with the participating agencies and institutions at the municipality and corridor town levels to ensure broad participation in subproject related activities and further enhance subproject ownership.

382. Responsibilities of the PIU are summarized below:

a) Undertake day to day management of subproject activities; b) Implement approved annual rolling work and financial plans; c) Prepare and submit regular quarterly and annual subproject reports;

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d) Establish and manage second generation impress accounts; e) Undertake procurement of civil works and equipment; f) Supervise civil works contractors; g) Manage separate subproject financial records and account, and prepare financial reports for submission to EA and IA; h) Prepare withdrawal application for submission to EA; i) Ensure that EMPs are incorporated in the detailed designs and included in civil works contracts; j) Ensure EMP implementation; submit regular monitoring reports to IA and EA; and k) Monitor implementation of resettlement activities by the respective corridor towns and submit monitoring reports to IA and EA.

383. The PMU, PIUs, ESMU and SEO with assistance from the Consultants will ensure that the EMP becomes part of the construction contract, that the EMP is implemented, and that the contractor(s) abide by the EMP. The SEO should undertake regular site inspections and the results should be recorded and submitted to the relevant authorities as part of progress reporting.

384. Detailed responsibilities of the key institutions on environmental safeguards are presented in the Table 42.

Table 42: Responsibilities for Environmental Safeguards

Prior to Construction During Operation Institution including Detailed During Construction and Engineering Design Decommissioning Executing  MPWT is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the mitigation measures in the Agency EMP and in ensuring compliance with loan covenants;  Collaborate with the MoE for the subprojects’ compliance with the Government’s environmental safeguard requirements on IEIA and EMP implementation;  Coordinate the efficient project implementation activities, including the EMP. Implementing  Oversee implementation in conformity with the Project’s development objectives and Agency scope;  Assist the coordination among government agencies involved in subprojects’ implementation, including MoE;  Ensure coordinated and efficient project implementation activities including EMP. PMU /  Update IEE and EMP  Conduct inspections and  Review relevant ESMU  Coordinate with Design spot checks to monitor the operator monitoring Consultant to ensure the performance of the report incorporation of updated contractor in implementing  Prepare the findings & mitigation the CEMP/EMP Project’s Annual measures in the design &  Review and verify (through EMR for bidding documents. site visits) Monthly submission to ADB,  Ensure EMP is part of the Environmental Reports of until loan closure or bidding documents, EMP contractor as agreed. clauses are incorporated  EMP implementation site  Ensure all GRM in bidding documents, visits complaints are contracts.  Review environmental closed out to affect  Ensure MoE approval of quality monitoring results person’s IEIA Report has been  Prepare the Project’s Semi- satisfaction secured prior to awarding Annual EMRs for of civil works. submission to ADB with  Review contractor’s support from PMIS. construction EMP (CEMP)  Implement the GRM for against ADB and IEIA environmental Issues requirement.  Conduct appropriate consultation and monitoring

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Prior to Construction During Operation Institution including Detailed During Construction and Engineering Design Decommissioning  Conduct affect people of effect of construction on consultation effect people  Establish GRM and  Participate in training making affected persons provided by PMIS aware of GRM focal points, contacts and procedures PIU-SEO  Coordinate and  Collate monthly EMR of  Review relevant collaborate with relevant contractor, and submit to operator monitoring provincial agencies, as the PMU. reports. necessary  Oversee the conduct of the  Support reporting  Support PMU-SEO environmental effects requirements of  Conduct affected people monitoring to be managed PMU. consultation by the contractor and  Ensure all GRM  Establish health and testing to be conducted by complaints are safety baseline conditions MoE Laboratory closed out to affect in affected villages.  Implement the GRM for person’s  Establish GRM for environmental issue satisfaction environmental Issues  Conduct appropriate  Participate in trainings consultation and monitoring provided by PMIS of effect of construction on effect people

 Participate in trainings provided by PMIS  Spot check to verify EMP implementation ADB  Review and clear updated  Review project EMR. IEE/EMP  Carry out loan review  Review bidding missions documents, clear CEMP, confirm readiness of subproject  Undertake periodic loan review missions to check EMP compliance Contractor  Prepare a CEMP that  Appoint a qualified addresses as minimum Environmental Health and the requirements of the Safety (EHS) staff member EMP to be responsible for EMP implementation and reporting  Implement mitigation measures & conduct internal EMP implementation monitoring.  Conduct environmental quality monitoring of the EMP. (If an independent licensed laboratory will not be engaged.)  Prepare Monthly EMRs Operator  Implement mitigation measures & conduct internal EMP implementation monitoring.  Prepare Monthly and Annual EMRs.

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Prior to Construction During Operation Institution including Detailed During Construction and Engineering Design Decommissioning MoE/PDOE  Review, comment on  Monitor compliance with  Monitor compliance approve IEIA Report approved IEIA & EMP with environmental standards  Facilitate obtaining the  Participate in monitoring of necessary inputs from the performance of and/or participation/ contractor with the CEMP cooperation of, concerned implementation. communes and villages  Review EMRs & results of Municipality through collaboration with environmental effects their Commune Councils. monitoring.  Facilitate (& participate in)  Facilitate & participate in GRM dissemination and GRM dissemination and implementation implementation  Facilitate and participate  Participate in monitoring of in GRM dissemination and the performance of implementation contractor in EMP implementation. Commune  Review EMRs and results Councils of environmental effects monitoring  Facilitate and participate in GRM dissemination and implementation

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10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

10.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

385. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM), consistent with the requirements of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) demonstrate concerns about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project implementation and operations. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community.

10.2 PROPOSED GRM SYSTEM

386. In Cambodia, there is currently no existing legally established system to resolve environmental concerns and complaints. The MPWT, as the EA of the CTDP, established the GRM before commencement of site works and have members from the PMU, the district authority, and the commune councils. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any entry point of the GRM. The committee has 15 days to respond to the issues raised. The PMU’s Environment Safeguards Officer (PMU-ESO) will oversee the implementation of the mechanism with technical support from the PMU’s environmental safeguard consultants and will be responsible for keeping the PMU informed. The PIU’s Environmental Safeguards Focal Point will be responsible for ensuring GRM implementation at the subproject level.

10.3 ACCESS TO THE MECHANISM

387. A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism has been established to resolve grievances and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner in all subprojects. The PMU, through its ESO and staff in the MPWT will ensure that the public and all stakeholders are aware of their rights to access, and will have access to the GRM free of administrative and legal charges. The GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction during public consultations and through posters displayed in the commune office (posters to include names and contact details of the PIU).

388. The grievance redress process applies to environmental issues and includes three steps before complaints may be elevated to the ADB as a last resort, as follows:

(i) First step: Complaints and grievances are reported verbally or submitted in writing to the village chief, commune chief, or to contractor. The receiving agent will provide immediate written confirmation of the receipt of the complaint. If after 10 days the complainant does not hear from the contractor, village or commune chief or if he/she is not satisfied with the decision taken in the first stage, the complaint may be brought to the District Office or Project Implementation Unit (PIU).

(ii) Second step: The District Office and the PIU have 10 days within which to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all concerned. If the complaint cannot be solved at this stage, the District Office or the PIU will bring the case to the Provincial Grievance Redress Committee (PGRC) or to the Project Management Unit (PMU) which will then inform the complainant. Annex 10 shows the GRM- Complaint Form.

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(iii) Third step: The PGRC or the Project Management Unit (PMU) meets with the aggrieved party to resolve the complaint/issue. Within 10 days of the submission of the grievance, the Committee or the PMU will make a written decision and submit copy to the ADB.

389. Figure 54 shows the Grievance Redress Mechanism Chart.

Figure 54: Grievance Redress Mechanism Chart

PIU = Project Implementing Unit; PGRC = Provincial Grievance Redress Committee; PMU = Project Management Unit.

Source: PISCD Consultant

390. The GRC for Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike was organized on 25 September 2019. The composition of the GRMC for the Neak Loeung at the PMU and PIU levels are presented in Table 43.

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Table 43: Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike at the PMU and PIU Levels

Position in Phone No. PMU Member Position Committee Number

Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Project Management Unit (PMU)

1. H.E. Vong Pisith Project Director Chief of Committee 012 833 411 Procurement Officer Deputy Chief of 012 803 203 2 Mr. Pou Manith Committee Technical Officer and 3 Mr. Vong Rada Member 012 451545 Gender Focus Point 4 Mr. Bun San Environmental Specialist Member 012 863 994 5 Mr. Song Kim Chhuon Environmental Specialist Member 012 916 545 6 Mr. Seang Bora Resettlement Specialist Member 012 949 544

Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

1 Mr. Kry Rathat Chief of PIU Chief of Committee 012 497 374 Deputy Chief of 097 249 3342 2 Mr. Yaem Pheara Deputy Chief of PIU Committee Gender & Public Campaign 3 Mrs. Phat Sreysros Member 093 427 117 Officer Commune Council Prek 4 Mr. Chhan Chhom Member 069 401 288 Khasay (Khor) Village Chief 5 Mr. Kim ShoKun Member 069 995 874 Prek Khasay (Khor) Commune Council Neak 6 Mr. Chreng Nao Member 016 726 723 Loeung Deputy Village Chief Neak 7 Mr. Leng Kri Member 096 612 5744 Loeung 8 *Contractor Member 9 *Contractor Member 10 *Construction Supervision Member 11 *Construction Supervision Member *To be filled up later.

391. Recordkeeping. Records will be kept by the PIU of all grievances received, including contact details of the complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were effected, and the final outcome. Sample of the GRM Reporting Form is presented in Annex 11.

392. Costs. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication, and information dissemination) will be borne by the host municipalities.

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393. Below is the list of contact numbers of offices involved in the Project.

Project Management Unit (PMU) 012 803 203 or 012 451 545

PIU and Contractor (Bavet Town):  Road Improvement Contractor 077 258 224  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 012 707 616 or 088 644 054

PIU in Neak Loeung:  Flood Control Dike 012 497 374 or 097 249 3342

PIU and Contractor, Battambang Town:  Storm Water Drainage Contractor 096 916 6190  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588  Project Implementation Unit (PIU). 092 930 966 or 012 479 030

PIU and Contractor, Poipet Town:  Storm Water Drainage Contractor 092 526 271 or 070 555 213  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588

 Project Implementation Unit (PIU). 012 220 015 or 077 319 444

Environmental Specialists of Project 012 916 545 or 012 863 994

Asian Development Bank Complaints Receiving Officer, Accountability Mechanism ADB Headquarters, 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550, Metro Manila, Philippines (+632) 8632-4444 loc. 70309 (+632) 8636 2086 Website: [email protected] Instructions available at: http://www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/how-file- complaint.

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11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

394. The IEE provides an analysis of anticipated impacts associated with the construction of an urban road with drainage improvement, flood control dike, storm water drainage systems and MRFs in the towns of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet. Environmental safeguard measures have been incorporated in the subprojects as follows:

a. Design and preconstruction phase, the period before the actual construction starts and designs are being prepared. This allows the designers to incorporate the environmental management plan (EMP) in the project design, technical specifications and contract documentations;

b. Construction phase, the period between the time that the “Notice to Proceed” is given to the contractor and when the “Certificate of Completion” is issued. The contractor would construct the project as per the design and technical specifications and implement the EMP; and

c. Operation and maintenance phase, the period starting when the “Certificate of Completion” has been issued by MPWT.

395. The most significant impacts expected to arise from the subprojects are major positive improvements to public health and the quality of life in the towns from the provision of road, flood control dike, storm water drainage, and MRF.

A. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN

396. Table 44 presents the information on: (i) required measures for each environmental impact that requires mitigation, (ii) locations and timing where the measures shall be applied, (iii) associated cost, and (iv) responsibility for implementing and supervising the measures.

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Table 44: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

397. The mitigation measures of the EMP are presented in a comprehensive mitigation plan for the subprojects. The plan includes the environmental issues and concerns raised at the stakeholder meetings. The plan identifies responsible parties, location, and timing. The mitigation plan combines the construction phase activities common to all components while highlighting activities and mitigations specific to a single subproject component.

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Supervisi Implement Impacts on ation Pre-Construction, Detailed Design Phase Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Confirmation No negative 1. Affected persons well informed ahead of subproject Affected Before See IA/PMU Resettleme of permanent environmental implementation persons in project resettlemen nt and temporary impacts 2. GoC resettlement policy and ADB safeguard policy subproject implemented t plans committee resettlement area must be applied. impacts Information No community 3. Initiate Information Disclosure and Grievance redress For all Beginning of Quarterly IA/PMU IA/ PISCD disclosure and impacts mechanism as defined in IEE/EMP Construction project Environme 2,000 engagement of sites. ntal community Safeguards Consultants Develop bid No negative 4. Ensure updated EMP is included in contractor tender All Before Once for all IA/ PISCD PMU documents environmental documents, and that tender documents specify subproject construction tenders Consultant impact requirements of EMP must be budgeted. areas begins 5. Specify in bid documents that contractor must have experience with implementing EMPs and provide staff with the experience. Capacity No Negative 6. Develop and schedule training plan for PMU, PIU and All Before Initially, PMU/PIS PISCD development environmental CS to be able to fully implement EMP, and to manage subproject construction refresher CD Consultant 2,000 impact implementation of mitigation measures by contractors. areas begins later if Consultant needed 7. Create awareness and training plan for contractors whom will implement mitigation measures. CEMP No negative impact 8. Prepare a construction environmental management All Before As required PMU/PIU Contractor plan (CEMP), including an emergency preparedness subproject construction and response guideline for construction emergencies, areas begins site health and safety guidelines, EHS and the

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation approved EMP for the Bavet Urban Road Improvement prior to start of construction to include details on traffic management, construction camp, sources of materials/quarries On loss or 9. The utility providers have been consulted and if there All Before As required PMU/PIU PIU/PISCD disruption of are water lines and distribution poles that will be subproject construction Consultant utilities and affected. The consultation should provide information areas begins services such on the planned schedule of construction and digging, as water and on the corridor of impact (COI). supply and electricity Recruitment of Spread of sexually 10. Use local workers as much as possible, reducing the All work Throughout Worker PMU/PIU Contractor workers transmitted disease number of migrant workers forces. construction hiring phase stages Training & Prevent impacts 11. Implement training and awareness plan for PMU PMU/PIU Before start After each Consultant Contractor 417.00 Capacity through education (PIU/ESMU/SEO) and contractors. offices, of event PMU/PIU/C Development construction construction S sites Flood Control Dike Confirmation Affected persons are 12. IEC campaign conducted Affected Before Part of IA/PMU Resettle- of permanent informed about the 13. Appropriate survey forms are prepared for distribution persons in project resettle- ment and temporary subproject 14. GoC resettlement policy and ADB safeguard policies subproject implementa- ment plan committee resettlement area tion are applied and complied. impacts Information Communities 15. Initiate Information, Disclosure and Grievance redress Subproject Beginning of Quarterly IA/PMU IA/ PISCD disclosure and become aware of mechanism as defined in IEE/EMP site the Environme engagement of the subproject 16. Conduct inventory of losses and socioeconomic subproject ntal community Safeguards survey on affected households. Consultants Develop bid No negative 17. Ensure updated EMP is included in contractor tender MPWT Before Once for all IA/ PISCD PMU documents environmental documents, and that tender documents specify offices construction tenders Consultant impact requirements of EMP must be budgeted. begins 18. Specify in bid documents that contractor must have experience with implementing EMPs and provide staff with the experience.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Preparation of Contractor commits 19. CEMP includes the approved EMP during Contractor Before As required PMU/PIU Contractor Construction to environment construction, emergency preparedness and response offices construction Environmental friendly construction guideline for construction emergencies, and EHS Management guidelines. Plan (CEMP) Surveying and Minor loss of 20. Minimize vegetation removal to immediate corridor of Subproject Before As required PMU/PIU Contractor demarcation of vegetation during works site construction center line demarcation of dike alignment, drainage channel & retention pond Clearing of Loss of ownership of 21. Meaningful consultations carried out with the AHs, Subproject Throughout Quarterly PMU/IRC PIU/ houses and houses and lands indigenous HHs, affected communities & concerned site pre- PDPWT structures, groups. construction land and Relocation of AHs period 22. Houses, structures, and productive lands will be resource acquisition, Loss of income compensated at replacement cost based on current livelihood derived from land market prices. displacement 23. AHs requiring relocation will be provided with needed for dike Removal of trees assistance & allowances, secure tenure to relocated construction & and crops land. its components 24. Provide training for alternative work for men & women.

25. No civil works shall take place until compensations have been fully paid, rehabilitation measures in place, and area is free from all encumbrances. 26. Please refer to the updated Resettlement Plan for details of compensations & resettlement assistance. Recruitment of Spread of sexually 27. Use local workers as much as possible, reducing the Construction Throughout Worker PMU/PIU Contractor workers transmitted disease number of migrant workers. area construction hiring 28. Training and orientation of new recruits will be phase stages conducted to include health and sanitation as well as local laws and regulations for foreign workers. Identification of Gravel extraction 29. Quarry and gravel removal sites to be identified during To be Before As required PMU/PIU Contractor sources of may lead to pre-construction and in consultation with relevant identified construction aggregates unusable lands & government agencies, land owners and communities. risks to public safety 30. Existing quarries will be used wherever possible and appropriate.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 31. Permits will be secured from relevant agencies for the quarries and/or borrow pits. Capacity Concerned 32. Training program for PMU, PIU and CS to facilitate full MPWT Before Initially, PMU/PIS PISCD development agencies/ depart- implementation of the EMP, and to manage offices construction refresher CD Consultant 2,000 ments aware of their implementation of mitigation measures by contractors. later if Consultant responsibilities needed 33. Imparts know-how for contractors in implementing mitigation measures during construction. Urban Storm Water Drainage Confirmation No negative 34. Affected persons well informed ahead of subproject Affected Before See IA/PMU Resettleme of permanent environmental implementation persons in project resettlemen nt and temporary impacts 35. GoC resettlement policy and ADB safeguard policy subproject implemented t plans committee resettlement area must be applied. impacts Information No community 36. Initiate Information Disclosure and Grievance redress For all Beginning of Quarterly IA/PMU IA/ PISCD disclosure and impacts mechanism as defined in IEE/EMP Construction project Environme 2,000 engagement of sites. ntal community Safeguards Consultants Develop bid No negative 37. Ensure updated EMP is included in contractor tender All Before Once for all IA/ PISCD PMU documents environmental documents, and that tender documents specify subproject construction tenders Consultant impact requirements of EMP must be budgeted. areas begins 38. Specify in bid documents that contractor must have experience with implementing EMPs and provide staff with the experience. Capacity No Negative 39. Develop and schedule training plan for PMU, PIU and All Before Initially, PMU/PIS PISCD development environmental CS to be able to fully implement EMP, and to manage subproject construction refresher CD Consultant 2,000 impact implementation of mitigation measures by contractors. areas begins later if Consultant 40. Create awareness and training plan for contractors needed whom will implement mitigation measures. CEMP No negative impact 41. Prepare a construction environmental All Before As required PMU/PIU Contractor management plan (CEMP), including an subproject construction areas begins emergency preparedness and response guideline for construction emergencies, site health and safety guidelines, EHS and the

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation approved EMP for the Bavet and Battambang storm water drainage subprojects prior to start of construction to include details on traffic management, construction camp, sources of materials/quarries On loss or 42. The utility providers have been consulted and if All Before As PMU/PIU PIU/PISC disruption of there are water lines and distribution poles that subproject constructio required D utilities and will be affected. The consultation should provide areas n begins Consultan services such information on the planned schedule of t as water construction and digging, and on the corridor of supply and impact (COI). electricity Recruitment of Spread of sexually 43. Use local workers as much as possible, reducing the All work Throughout Worker PMU/PIU Contractor workers transmitted disease number of migrant workers forces. construction hiring phase stages Training & Prevent impacts 44. Implement training and awareness plan for PMU PMU/PIU Before start After each Consultant Contractor 417.00 Capacity through education (PIU/ESMU/SEO) and contractors on EMP. offices, of event PMU/PIU/C Development construction construction S sites Materials Recovery Facility Confirmation No negative 45. Affected persons well informed ahead of subproject Affected Before See IA/PMU Resettleme of required environmental implementation persons in project resettlemen nt resettlement impacts 46. GoC resettlement policy and ADB safeguard policy subproject implemented t plans committee and temporary area must be applied. relocation Disclosure and No community 47. Initiate Information Disclosure and Grievance redress For all Beginning of Quarterly IA/PMU IA 500 engagement of impacts process of IEE Construction project community sites. Develop bid No negative impacts 48. Ensure updated EMP is included in contractor tender All Before Once for all IA/PISCD PMU documents documents and that documents specify requirements subproject construction tenders Consultant of EMP must be budgeted. areas begins 49. Specify in bid documents that contractor must have experience implementing EMP or provide staff with experience. Recruitment of Spread of sexually 50. Use local workers as much as possible, reducing the All work Throughout Worker PMU/PIU Contractor workers transmitted disease number of migrant workers forces. construction hiring phase stages

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 51. An EHS officer/on site manager to do an orientation for all contractor staff on EMP requirement Training & Prevent impacts 52. Implement training and awareness plan for PMU PMU/PIU Beginning of After each Consultant Contractor Capacity through education (PIU/ESMU/SEO) and contractors. offices, construction event PMU/PI/ 3,000 Development construction CS sites Construction Phase – General Mitigations Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Obtain & Prevent or minimize 53. Contractors to comply with all statutory requirements For all Beginning of Once PMU/PIU/ activate impacts set out by GoC for use of construction equipment, and construction construction CS Contractors permits and operation construction plants such as concrete sites Consultant licenses batching. Establishment Pollution and social 54. Locate worker camps away from human settlements. All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor of temporary problems 55. Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities camps construction Consultant worker camps including pit latrines and garbage bins. phase /MoE 56. A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains a clean worker camps. 57. Locate separate pit latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas. 58. A clean-out or infill schedule for pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working latrines are available at all times. 59. Worker camps must have adequate drainage, good living environment and safe place 60. Local food should be provided to worker camps. Guns and weapons are not allowed in camps. 61. Transient workers should not be allowed to interact with the local community. HIV Aids education should be given to workers. 62. Camp areas must be restored to original condition after construction completed.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Rehabilitation Improper closure of 63. Include the proper restoration of the damaged road Construction Beginning/ After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor and closure of construction sites sections, driveways, and other affected properties. sites During event CS construction The restoration should be acceptable to MPWT and to construction Consultant sites private property owners. 64. Include the proper restoration of the damaged public and private properties. If the damaged properties are out of road corridor of impacts such as transport routes of construction vehicles, contractor should also be responsible for restoration of damaged properties/infrastructures. Site clearing, Damage or loss of 65. Restrict tree and vegetation removal within the Beginning of After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, trees, vegetation, proposed sites of construction. Construction construction event CS excavations, and landscape 66. Install protective physical barriers around trees that do sites Consultant other civil not need to be removed. works 67. All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction is completed. 68. All construction sites should be located away forested or all plantation areas as much as possible. 69. No unnecessary cutting of trees. 70. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from forested and plantation areas. 71. No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations. Site clearing. Traffic congestion, 72. Close coordination with local authorities in road For all Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, accidents, injuries closure and traffic rerouting; contractor’s traffic plan; Construction construction CS excavations and hindrance to proper stockpiling of materials and immediate disposal areas. phase Consultant and other civil access /MoE of spoils; immediate restoration of roads and affected works areas. 73. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours, and sufficient signage & warning lights. 74. Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle roads or lanes.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 75. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best coexist with construction vehicles on their roads. 76. Increase the number of pedestrian crossings away from construction areas. 77. Increase road and walkway lighting. 78. Install protective barriers and safety tapes around manholes under construction. 79. During construction temporary bypass will be provided to local people and animal passage. 80. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. 81. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas. 82. Employ traffic flagmen to direct traffic at the construction sites. Site clearing. Land pollution 83. Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in GoC- All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent excavation construction CS excavations surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly areas phase Consultant and other civil /MoE marked and identified. works 84. Spoils must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive feature. 85. Contaminated spoil disposal must follow GoC regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal. 86. Construction sites should have sufficient container/garbage bins 87. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible. 88. Solid waste should be segregated and recyclables sold to buyers.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Hazardous Waste 89. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow GoC regulations. 90. Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents) 91. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition well away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors. Site clearing. Soil erosion and 92. Total area exposed shall be minimized; use of All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, sediments, loss of structural erosion prevention and sediment control construction construction CS excavations drainage and flood practices which may include: interceptor dikes, pipe sites and phase Consultant and other civil storage worker /MoE slope drains, straw bale barriers, sediment traps, and works camps temporary sediment basins. 93. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 94. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water. Pump periodically to land infiltration or nearby water courses. 95. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 96. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 97. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 98. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas asap. Site clearing. Air pollution and 99. Water spraying for dust control. All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, noise nuisance due 100. Construction materials with potential for significant Construction CS excavations to construction dust generation shall be covered; tarpaulin cover for sites. Consultant and other civil works trucks transporting loose construction materials; not works smoke belchers equipment.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 101. Minimize time that excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed. Backfill as soon as possible. 102. As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00-11:00 and 13:00-17:00, particularly noisy activities such as pile driving near schools and hospitals. 103. Maintain equipment in proper working order 104. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery. 105. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 106. Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible. Site clearing. Loss or disruption of 107. Develop carefully a plan of days and locations where All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, utilities and services outages in utilities and services will occur, or are Construction CS excavations such as water expected. sites. Consultant and other civil supply and electricity & Utility 108. Contact local utilities and services with schedule, and works company identify possible contingency back-up plans for outages. 109. Contact affected communities to inform them of planned outages. 110. Try to schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00. Site clearing, Public and worker 111. Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, injury, and health should be provided around all construction sites. Construction CS 8007.35 excavations Reflective barrier or lighting should be provided at sites. Consultant and other civil night around active works to ensure road users can works see and avoid hazards. 112. Maintain safe access to private properties and business 113. Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors 114. Worker and public safety guidelines GoC should be followed.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 115. Population near blast areas should be notified 24 hrs ahead, and evacuated well before operation. Accepted GoC blast procedures and safety measures implemented. 116. Speed limits should be imposed on all roads used by construction vehicles. 117. Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in. 118. Appropriate safety clothing and footwear should be mandatory for all construction workers. 119. Adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction sites. 120. Drinking water and first aid kids must be provided at all construction sites. 121. Sufficient lighting shall be used during necessary night work. 122. All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Civil works Degradation of water 123. Protective coffer dams, berms, plastic sheet fencing, All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor quality & aquatic or silt curtains should be placed between all Construction construction CS resources earthworks and surface waters. sites. phase Consultant 124. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion. 125. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 126. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from surface waters. 127. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters. 128. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters. 129. Pit latrines to be located well away from surface waters. 130. No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses. 131. No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 121

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 132. All irrigation canals and channels to be protected the same way as rivers, streams, and lakes Site clearing. Damage to cultural 133. As per detailed designs all civil works should be All areas At the start Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, property or values, located away from all cultural property and values. with surface and CS excavations and chance finds 134. Chance finds of valued relics and cultural values waters throughout Consultant and other civil construction should be anticipated by contractors. Site supervisors works phase should be on the watch for finds. 135. Upon a chance find all work stops immediately, the find is left untouched, and PMU notified. If find deemed valuable, provincial cultural authorities must be notified. 136. Work at find site will remain stopped until authorities allow work to continue. Bypass Community 137. During construction, temporary bypass will be For all Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 1000 provided to local people and for animal passage construction construction Consultant sites phase /MoE Civil works Pollution and social 138. Contractor’s work plans have to provide role and All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 2000 problems responsibilities to make sure the workers are living camps construction Consultant phase /MoE and working in safe-healthy condition: primary health care sanitation and welfare to staff/workers; first aid kit and accommodation arrangement of workers. 139. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers 140. Information and instruction to be disseminated to workers regarding risks of communicable diseases. Flood Control Dike Obtain & Prevent or minimize 141. Contractors to comply with all statutory requirements Construction Beginning of Once PMU/PIU/ activate impacts set out by GoC for use of construction equipment, and site construction CS Contractors Consultant

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 122

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation permits and operation of construction plants such as concrete licenses batching. Establishment Pollution and social 142. Locate workers’ camps away from human settlements All workers Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor of temporary problems and should be have permission from the land owner. camps construction Consultant worker camps 143. Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities, phase /MoE including separate pour flush latrines for male & female workers and garbage bins. 144. A solid waste collection and recycling program must be established and implemented to maintain clean workers camps. 145. Locate latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas. 146. A clean-out or infill schedule for latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working latrines are available at all times. 147. Workers’ camps must have adequate drainage, good and living environment. 148. Local food should be available in workers’ camps. Guns and other weapons are not allowed in camps. 149. Transient workers should not be allowed to interact with the local community. HIV Aids education should be given to workers. 150. Camp areas must be restored to original condition after construction is completed. Site clearing, Damage or loss of 151. Restrict tree and vegetation removal within the Construction Beginning of After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, trees, vegetation, proposed dike alignment, drainage channel, & sites construction event CS excavations, and landscape retention pond. Consultant other civil 152. Install protective physical barriers around trees that do works not need to be removed. 153. All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction is completed. 154. No unnecessary cutting of trees. 155. No waste of any kind is to be discarded within the vicinity of the subproject site.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 123

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Site clearing. Traffic congestion, 156. Close coordination with local authorities in road Construction Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, accidents, injuries closure and traffic rerouting; contractor’s traffic plan; areas. construction CS excavations and hindrance to proper stockpiling of materials and immediate disposal phase Consultant and other civil access of spoil; immediate restoration of roads and affected works areas. 157. Schedule construction vehicle activities during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours with sufficient signage & warning lights. 158. Post speed limits, and possible designation of construction lanes subject to permission from authorities. 159. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best coexist with construction vehicles on their roads. 160. Increase the number of pedestrian crossings away from construction areas. 161. Increase road and walkway lighting. 162. Install protective barriers and safety tapes around open excavations. 163. During construction provide safe access along and across the alignment for people and animal passage, e.g. walkway starting from PK0+00 near NR 1 to the pagoda in Neak Loeung village. 164. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. 165. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas. 166. Employ traffic flagmen to direct traffic at the construction sites. Site clearing. Land pollution 167. Uncontaminated spoil suitable for filling materials will All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, be used but unsuitable materials must be disposed of excavation construction CS excavations in GoC-designated sites, which must never be sites phase Consultant and other civil /MoE adjacent to surface waters. Designated disposal sites works must be clearly marked and identified.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 124

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 168. Spoils must not be disposed of on sloping land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive areas. 169. Contaminated spoil disposal must follow GoC regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal. 170. Construction sites should have sufficient container/garbage bins 171. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. 172. Solid waste should be segregated and recyclables sold to buyers. Hazardous Waste 173. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and recycled as much as possible. 174. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous wastes such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow GoC regulations. 175. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition away from construction sites, water bodies, and cultural & ecological sensitive receptors. Site clearing. Soil erosion and 176. Total area exposed shall be minimized. All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, sediments, loss of 177. Use structural erosion prevention and sediment control construction construction CS excavations drainage and flood practices (e.g., interceptor dikes, sediment traps, and sites and phase Consultant and other civil storage worker /MoE temporary sediment basins to minimize works camps erosion/sedimentation. 178. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 179. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water. Periodically pump cleared supernatant to land infiltration or nearby water courses.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 125

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 180. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 181. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 182. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods of the year. 183. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas as soon as possible. Site clearing. Air pollution and 184. Spray water on road surface for dust control. All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, noise/vibration 185. Construction materials with potential for significant Construction CS excavations nuisance due to dust generation shall be covered; tarpaulin cover for sites. Consultant and other civil construction works /MoE trucks transporting loose construction materials; works 186. Use well maintained vehicles and avoid using smoke belching vehicles. 187. Minimize time that excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed. Backfill as soon as possible. 188. As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00-11:00 and 13:00-17:00, particularly noisy activities such as pile driving near schools and hospitals. 189. Maintain equipment in proper working order 190. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery. 191. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 192. Provide temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible. Site clearing. Loss or disruption of 193. Carefully plan for days when outages in utilities and All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, utilities and services services are scheduled to avoid disruptions in works Construction CS excavations such as water by having contingency back-up plan. sites. Consultant and other civil supply and electricity & Utility 194. If construction would cause outages, contact affected works company communities to inform them of planned outages. 195. Try to schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 126

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Site clearing, Public and worker 196. Continuous training during construction to remind All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, injury, and health workers of health and safety and safe working Construction CS 8007.35 excavations practices. sites. Consultant and other civil 197. Proper fencing, protective barriers, buffer zones and works signages should be provided around construction site. Reflective barrier or lighting should be provided at night around active works to ensure road users can see and avoid hazards. 198. Maintain/provide safe access to private properties and business 199. Worker and public safety guidelines of GoC during construction should be followed. 200. Speed limits should be imposed on all roads used by construction vehicles. 201. Standing water suitable for disease vector habitat/breeding should be filled in. 202. Appropriate PPE for safety should be mandatory for all construction workers. 203. Adequate stand-by medical supplies & services must be on site or nearby all construction sites. 204. Drinking water and first aid kids must be provided at all construction sites. 205. Sufficient lighting shall be used during necessary night work. 206. All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Civil works Degradation of water All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor quality & aquatic 207. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate Construction construction CS resources stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion. sites. phase Consultant /MoE 208. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 209. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from surface waters. 210. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 127

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 211. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters. 212. Pit latrines to be located well away from surface waters. 213. No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses. 214. Ponds and other sources of irrigation to be protected the same way as rivers, streams, and lakes, including the pond behind the pagoda. Site clearing. Damage to cultural 215. As per detailed designs all civil works should be All areas At the start Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, property or values, located away from all cultural property and values. with surface and CS excavations and chance finds 216. Chance finds of valued relics and cultural values waters throughout Consultant and other civil construction should be anticipated by contractors. Site supervisors works phase should be on the watch for finds. 217. Upon a chance find all works should be suspended immediately, the find is left untouched, and PMU notified. If find deemed valuable, provincial cultural authorities must be notified. 218. Work at find site will remain suspended until authorities allow work to continue. Civil works Health and safety 219. Contractor should provide health & safety officer to All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 2000 problems of workers make sure the workers are living and working in safe & camps construction Consultant healthy condition, e,g, primary health care and phase sanitation for all staff/workers, first aid kits and clean workers’ camp where food and drinking water are easily accessible. 220. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers 221. Information and instruction, including local laws and culture, to be disseminated to workers regarding risks of communicable diseases.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 128

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Aggregate Gravel extraction 222. Extraction of gravel from ecologically sensitive areas Quarry sites, Before and Quarterly PMU/PIU/ Contractor extraction from rivers may lead or productive land is not permitted. rivers & during PDPWT to river channel 223. Extraction plan used with limits to gravel volumes from borrow pits construction degradation & any one source. in various change in river 224. River gravels are to be removed evenly from across locations morphology. the gravel deposition zone. 225. No deep holes are to be excavated within the river Extraction from channel to prevent channel degradation. quarries or borrow 226. All extraction sites shall be covered by government pits leaves unusable license and rehabilitated after use. land, exposed water 227. Topsoil will be preserved and replaced during table, reduces rehabilitation in borrow pits. aesthetic value. 228. Alternative / upstream water sources must be arranged for rivers currently used by communities for water supply 229. Gravel will not be extracted from the outside of river bends. Rehabilitation Improper closure of 230. Include the proper restoration of damaged road Construction Beginning/ After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor and closure of construction sites sections, driveways, and other affected properties. sites During event CS construction The restoration should be acceptable to MPWT and to construction Consultant sites private property owners. 231. Include the proper restoration of the damaged public and private properties caused by the construction, including those outside of corridor of impacts. Contractor should also be responsible for restoration of damaged properties/infrastructure, including revegetation and landscaping of the dike, its components and surrounding areas, the bill of quantities of which should be submitted by the contractor. Urban Storm Water Drainage Obtain & Prevent or minimize 232. Contractors to comply with all statutory requirements For all Beginning of Once PMU/PIU/ activate impacts set out by GoC for use of construction equipment, and construction construction CS Contractors permits and operation construction plants such as concrete sites Consultant licenses batching. Establishment Pollution and social 233. Locate worker camps away from human settlements. All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor of temporary problems camps construction Consultant worker camps phase /MoE

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 129

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 234. Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities including pit latrines and garbage bins. 235. A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains a clean worker camps. 236. Locate separate pit latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas. 237. A clean-out or infill schedule for pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working latrines are available at all times. 238. Workers’ camps must have adequate drainage, good living environment and safe place 239. Local food should be provided to worker camps. Guns and weapons are not allowed in camps. 240. Transient workers should not be allowed to interact with the local community. HIV Aids education should be given to workers. 241. Camp areas must be restored to original condition after construction completed. Rehabilitation Improper closure of 242. Include the proper restoration of the damaged road Construction Beginning/ After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor and closure of construction sites sections, driveways, and other affected properties. sites During event CS construction The restoration should be acceptable to MPWT and to construction Consultant sites private property owners. 243. Include the proper restoration of the damaged public and private properties. If the damaged properties are out of road corridor of impacts such as transport routes of construction vehicles, contractor should also be responsible for restoration of damaged properties/infrastructures. Site clearing, Damage or loss of 244. Restrict tree and vegetation removal within the Beginning of After each PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, trees, vegetation, proposed sites of construction. Construction construction event CS excavations, and landscape 245. Install protective physical barriers around trees that do sites Consultant other civil not need to be removed. works

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 130

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 246. All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction is completed. 247. All construction sites should be located away forested or all plantation areas as much as possible. 248. No unnecessary cutting of trees. 249. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from forested and plantation areas. 250. No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations. Site clearing. Traffic congestion, 251. Close coordination with local authorities in road For all Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, accidents, injuries closure and traffic rerouting; contractor’s traffic plan; Construction construction CS excavations and hindrance to proper stockpiling of materials and immediate disposal areas. phase Consultant and other civil access /MoE of spoils; immediate restoration of roads and affected works areas. 252. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours, and sufficient signage & warning lights. 253. Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle roads or lanes. 254. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best coexist with construction vehicles on their roads. 255. Increase the number of pedestrian crossings away from construction areas. 256. Increase road and walkway lighting. 257. Install protective barriers and safety tapes around manholes under construction. 258. During construction temporary bypass will be provided to local people and animal passage. 259. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. 260. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 131

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 261. Employ traffic flagmen to direct traffic at the construction sites. Site clearing. Land pollution 262. Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in GoC- All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent excavation construction CS excavations surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly areas phase Consultant and other civil /MoE marked and identified. works 263. Spoils must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive feature. 264. Contaminated spoil disposal must follow GoC regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal. 265. Construction sites should have sufficient container/garbage bins 266. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible. 267. Solid waste should be segregated and recyclables sold to buyers. Hazardous Waste 268. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow GoC regulations. 269. Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents) 270. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition well away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors. Site clearing. Soil erosion and 271. Total area exposed shall be minimized; use of All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, sediments, loss of structural erosion prevention and sediment control construction construction CS excavations practices which may include: interceptor dikes, pipe sites and phase

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 132

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation and other civil drainage and flood slope drains, straw bale barriers, sediment traps, and worker Consultant works storage temporary sediment basins. camps /MoE 272. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 273. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water. Pump periodically to land infiltration or nearby water courses. 274. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 275. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 276. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 277. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas asap. Site clearing. Air pollution and 278. Water spraying for dust control. All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, noise nuisance due 279. Construction materials with potential for significant Construction CS excavations to construction dust generation shall be covered; tarpaulin cover for sites. Consultant and other civil works trucks transporting loose construction materials; not works smoke belchers equipment. 280. Minimize time that excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed. Backfill as soon as possible. 281. As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00-11:00 and 13:00-17:00, particularly noisy activities such as pile driving near schools and hospitals. 282. Maintain equipment in proper working order 283. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery. 284. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 285. Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible. Site clearing. Loss or disruption of 286. Develop carefully a plan of days and locations where All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, utilities and services outages in utilities and services will occur, or are Construction CS excavations expected. sites. Consultant

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 133

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation and other civil such as water 287. Contact local utilities and services with schedule, and & Utility works supply and electricity identify possible contingency back-up plans for company outages. 288. Contact affected communities to inform them of planned outages. 289. Try to schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00. Site clearing, Public and worker 290. Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, injury, and health should be provided around all construction sites. Construction CS 8007.35 excavations Reflective barrier or lighting should be provided at sites. Consultant and other civil night around active works to ensure road users can works see and avoid hazards. 291. Maintain safe access to private properties and business 292. Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors 293. Worker and public safety guidelines GoC should be followed. 294. Population near blast areas should be notified 24 hrs ahead, and evacuated well before operation. Accepted GoC blast procedures and safety measures implemented. 295. Speed limits should be imposed on all roads used by construction vehicles. 296. Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in. 297. Appropriate safety clothing and footwear should be mandatory for all construction workers. 298. Adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction sites. 299. Drinking water and first aid kids must be provided at all construction sites. 300. Sufficient lighting shall be used during necessary night work.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 134

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 301. All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Civil works Degradation of water 302. Protective coffer dams, berms, plastic sheet fencing, All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor quality & aquatic or silt curtains should be placed between all Construction construction CS resources earthworks and surface waters. sites. phase Consultant 303. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion. 304. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 305. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from surface waters. 306. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters. 307. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters. 308. Pit latrines to be located well away from surface waters. 309. No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses. 310. No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. 311. All irrigation canals and channels to be protected the same way as rivers, streams, and lakes Site clearing. Damage to cultural 312. As per detailed designs all civil works should be All areas At the start Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, property or values, located away from all cultural property and values. with surface and CS excavations and chance finds 313. Chance finds of valued relics and cultural values waters throughout Consultant and other civil construction should be anticipated by Contractors. Site supervisors works phase should be on the watch for finds. 314. Upon a chance find all work stops immediately, the find is left untouched, and PMU notified. If find deemed valuable, provincial cultural authorities must be notified. 315. Work at find site will remain stopped until authorities allow work to continue. Bypass Community 316. During construction, temporary bypass will be For all Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 1000 provided to local people and for animal passage construction construction Consultant sites phase /MoE

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 135

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Civil works Pollution and social 317. Contractor’s work plans have to provide role and All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 2000 problems responsibilities to make sure the workers are living camps construction Consultant phase /MoE and working in safe-healthy condition: primary health care sanitation and welfare to staff/workers; first aid kit and accommodation arrangement of workers. 318. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers 319. Information and instruction to be disseminated to workers regarding risks of communicable diseases. Materials Recovery Facility Obtain & Prevent or minimize 320. Contractors to comply with all statutory requirements For all Beginning of Once PMU/PIU/ activate impacts set out by GoC for use of construction equipment, and construction construction CS Contractors Permits and operation construction plants such as concrete sites Consultant licenses batching. Establishment Contribute to 321. Locate worker camps away from human settlements. All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor 500 of temporary pollution and social 322. Adequate safe and potable water at construction camp camps construction Consultant workers camps problems 323. Orientation of workers on safety, waste management, phase sanitation and hygiene 324. Assign workers to conduct daily cleaning of workers camp including latrines 325. Prohibit alcohol and drugs at the workplace and construction camp 326. Provide first-aid kit and medicines 327. Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities including pit latrines and garbage bins. 328. A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains clean worker camps. 329. Locate separate pit latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 136

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 330. A clean-out or infill schedule for pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working and clean latrines are available at all time. 331. Worker camps must have adequate drainage. 332. Local food should be provided to worker camps. Guns and weapons not allowed in camps. 333. HIV/AIDS education should be given to workers. 334. Camp areas must be restored to original condition after construction is completed. Site clearing. Pollution, injury, 335. Close coordination with local authorities in road For all Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, increased traffic, closure and traffic rerouting; contractor’s traffic plan; Construction construction CS excavations disrupted access proper stockpiling of materials and immediate disposal areas. phase Consultant and other civil of spoils; immediate restoration of roads and affected works areas. 336. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours, and sufficient signage & warning lights. 337. Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle roads or lanes. 338. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best coexist with construction vehicles on their roads. 339. Install protective barriers and safety tapes around manholes under construction. 340. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. 341. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas. 342. Employ flagmen to direct traffic at construction sites. Site clearing. Land pollution 343. Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in GoC- All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent excavation construction CS excavations surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly areas phase Consultant and other civil marked and identified. works

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 137

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 344. Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive feature. 345. A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded. 346. Contaminated spoil disposal must follow GoC regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal. 347. Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per GoC regulations. 348. Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity. Civil works Contamination of 349. Management of general solid and liquid waste of All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor 500 land and surface construction will follow GoC regulations, and will cover, construction construction CS waters from collection, handling, transport, recycling, and disposal sites and phase Consultant construction waste worker of waste created from construction activities and work camps force. 350. Areas of disposal of solid and liquid waste to be determined by GoC. 351. Construction sites should have sufficient garbage bins. 352. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible. 353. Solid waste should be separated and recyclables sold to buyers in community. Hazardous Waste 354. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow GoC regulations. 355. Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 138

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 356. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition well away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecologically sensitive receptors. 357. All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil subplan. Site clearing. Air pollution and 358. Regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor 500 digging, noise nuisance due construction roads. Construction CS excavations to construction 359. Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction sites. Consultant and other civil works aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates. works 360. Minimize time where excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed. Backfill as soon as possible. 361. As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00-11:00 and 13:00-17:00, in particular noisy activities such as pile driving and concrete breaking. 362. Maintain equipment in proper working order 363. Replace noisy vehicles and machinery. 364. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 365. Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible. Site clearing. Loss or disruption of 366. Develop a plan for days and locations where outages All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, utilities and services in utilities and services will occur, or are expected. Construction CS excavations such as water 367. Contact local utilities and services with schedule, and sites. Consultant and other civil supply and electricity & Utility identify possible contingency back-up plans for works company outages. 368. Contact affected community to inform them of planned outages. 369. Try to schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 139

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Site clearing, Soil erosion and 370. Total area exposed shall be minimized; use of All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, sediments, loss of structural erosion prevention and sediment control Construction construction CS excavations drainage and flood practices which may include: interceptor dikes, pipe sites. phase Consultant and other civil storage slope drains, straw bale barriers, sediment traps, and works temporary sediment basins. 371. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 372. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water. Pump periodically to land infiltration or nearby water courses. 373. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 374. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 375. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 376. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas asap. Implement Public and worker 377. Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor 500.00 Worker and injury, and health should be provided around all construction sites. Construction CS Public Safety 378. Maintain safe access to private properties and sites. Consultant Subplan business 379. Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors and night guards should be placed at all sites. 380. Worker and public safety guidelines GoC should be followed. 381. Speed limits should be imposed on all roads used by construction vehicles. 382. Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in. 383. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 140

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 384. Appropriate safety clothing and footwear should be mandatory for all construction workers. 385. Adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction sites. 386. Drinking water must be provided at all construction sites. 387. Sufficient lighting shall be used during necessary night work. 388. All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. 389. Precaution and warning plate on the machineries should be translate in Khmer word for operators or workers easy to understand 390. First aid kits must be provided at all construction sites. Civil Works Damage or loss of 391. Restrict tree and vegetation removal within the All Throughout Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor trees, vegetation, proposed sites of construction. Construction construction CS and landscape 392. Install protective physical barriers around trees that do sites. phase Consultant not need to be removed. 393. All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction is completed. 394. All construction sites should be located away forested or all plantation areas as much as possible. 395. No unnecessary cutting of trees. 396. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from forested and plantation areas. 397. No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations. Implement Traffic disruption, 398. Close coordination with local authorities in road All Fulltime Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor 300.00 Construction accidents, public closure and traffic rerouting; contractor’s traffic plan; Construction CS and Urban injury proper stockpiling of materials and immediate disposal sites. Consultant Traffic Subplan of spoils; immediate restoration of roads and affected areas.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 141

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 399. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours, and sufficient signage & warning lights. 400. Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle roads or lanes. 401. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best coexist with construction vehicles on their roads. 402. Increase the number of pedestrian crossings away from construction areas. 403. Increase road and walkway lighting. 404. Install protective barriers and safety tapes around manholes under construction. 405. During construction temporary bypass will be provided to local people and animal passage. 406. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. 407. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas. Site clearing. Soil erosion and 408. Total area exposed shall be minimized; use of All areas Design & Monthly PMU/PIU/ Contractor digging, sediments, loss of structural erosion prevention and sediment control with surface construction CS excavations drainage and flood practices which may include: interceptor dikes, pipe waters phases Consultant and other civil storage slope drains, straw bale barriers, sediment traps, and works temporary sediment basins. 409. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding. 410. Avoid borrow pits and quarries from filling up with water. Pump periodically to land infiltration or nearby water courses. 411. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 412. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 142

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 413. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 414. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas asap.

Civil works Occupational 415. Contractor’s work plans have to provide role and All worker Throughout Monthly PMU/ CS Contractor Environment, Health responsibilities to make sure the workers are living and camps construction Consultant and Safety working in safe-healthy condition: primary health care phase /MoE sanitation and welfare to staff/workers; first aid kit and accommodation arrangement of workers. 416. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers 417. Information and instruction to be disseminated to workers regarding risks of communicable diseases and fire extinguisher. Post-construction/Operation Phase Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Road in use Faster travel time to 418. Positive impact. Faster delivery of goods to market Surrounding Throughout Annually MPWT/ PDPWT points of destination and other destinations will increase and expand areas of the useful PIU businesses improved life road Road in use Increase in traffic 419. Raising awareness through village meetings and Completed Throughout Annually MPWT/ PDPWT Part of volume and road developing road safety programs road its useful life PIU O&M accidents 420. Installation of road safety signages improvement & surrounding areas Road in use Increased 421. Positive impact. Maintenance of the road will require Completed Throughout Annually MPWT/ PDPWT employment workers. road its useful life PIU opportunities improvement & surrounding areas Maintenance Timely maintenance 422. Positive impact. Periodic & routine maintenance Completed Periodic Annually MPWT/ PDPWT 6,000 of improved program helps in activities should be properly announced in advance to road after the PIU reducing erosion, avoid inconvenience to travelers. improvement

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 143

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation road with flooding, & road rainy drainage accidents. season Flood Control Dike Operation of 363-ha protected 423. Positive impacts. No mitigation needed. Areas Throughout Annually MPWT/ PDPWT/ dike and its area will be free around the the useful PIU DOPWT components from annual dike life of the flooding. dike

Increased revenue from farming due to increased cropping.

Improved health due to removal of stagnant water.

Stimulation of economic activities, improved trade and investment in the area.

Increase in value of lands. Access road in Improved access to 424. Positive impact. No mitigation needed. Areas Throughout Annually MPWT/ PDPWT/ use difficult areas to around the the useful PIU DOPWT reach particularly dike life of the during flood access road Maintenance Provide new 425. Positive impact. No mitigation needed. Dike & its Throughput Annually MPWT/ PDPWT/ of the dike & employment components the life of the PIU DOPWT its components opportunities dike Urban Storm Water Drainage Operation and Pollution of surface 426. Conduct water quality baseline monitoring of the Drainage Throughout Semi- MPWT/ PDMPWT 3000 maintenance water receiving body of water (before and during operation). system operation annual PIU of storm water 427. Population near project areas should be notified ahead drainage of start of operation of storm drainage.

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Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation 428. Ensure all drainage systems are operated and maintained in accordance with Operation and Maintenance Manuals. 429. Conduct scheduled regular cleaning and maintenance of the drainage canals to avoid odor and accumulation of garbage which may cause clogging and restriction of canal capacity. 430. Inform, educate and motivate residents around the drainage system to properly maintain the drainage and avoid dumping of wastes into it to prevent clogging of the system. Use of Drowning/ accident 431. Public awareness/information disclosure on the safety Drainage Before Semi- MPWT/ Local drainage on kids along an of children and the community, in general, particularly system &during annual PIU authority system open canal area due houses along an open canal/drainage operation (village or to flooding commune) Maintenance Flooding due to 432. Conduct scheduled cleaning and maintenance of Drainage Periodically Semi- MPWT/ PDMPWT/ of upgraded clogged drainage drainage canals system annual PIU Municipality drainage 433. Provide training program on safe operation and canals maintenance to PIU and the host town officials who will work on this sector. Use of Odor due to clogged 434. Implementation of best-practice operating procedures Drainage Throughout Semi- MPWT/ PDMPWT/ drainage drainage to minimize odors generated from drainage system, system operation annual PIU Municipality system including proper management and disposal of collected silt/sediments and wastes on the drainage system. 435. Provide education and awareness program to residents in the vicinity of the drainage system to avoid disposal of solid waste/rubbish into manholes. Use of Reduces erosion & 436. Positive impact. No mitigation needed Drainage Throughout Annually MPWT/PD PDPWT/ None drainage flood system operation PWT Municipality system damages

Improves general sanitary condition

Materials Recovery Facility

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 145

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Cost Potential Responsibility Subproject Activity Estimate Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity Reporting Impacts Supervisi Implement on ation Operation of Debris scattered 437. Conduct clean-up and collection of debris at site daily MRF site Throughout Semi- PIU MRF MRF inside the MRF 438. Ensure MRF is operated and maintained in operation annually Operator compound accordance with Operation and Maintenance Manual 439. Prohibit the engagement of children as waste pickers Operation of Occurrence of 440. Provide training program to waste pickers on health, MRF site Throughout Semi- PIU MRF MRF accident or injuries safety and waste handing practice. operation annually Operator among workers 441. Ensure working areas are in good condition, safe, and with separate toilet for men and women. 442. Conduct regular training and orientation for waste pickers on safety, wearing of PPEs, sanitation and health, and MRF operation policies 443. Provide PPE to workers and ensure proper use of the PPE. Operation of Pollution of surface 444. Prohibit disposal of wastes to water body or open land MRF site Throughout Semi- PIU Municipality MRF water, land and air area operation annually / MRF 445. Biodegradables to composting & residuals disposed in Operator dumpsite. 446. Provide adequate drainage around the MRF to ensure proper draining of wash water. 447. Provide confined sections for recyclables to prevent dumping/scattering of segregated wastes to water bodies or around the MRF. 448. Proper maintenance of delivery trucks & payloader to minimize noise and emissions. 449. Noise reducing buffer shall be provided. Operation of Accelerated wear & 450. Provide training program on safety operation and MRF site Throughout Semi- PIU MRF 500 MRF tear of the MRF maintenance to MRF operator, operation annual Operator 451. Provide training program on safety, health and operation to workers and operational staffs. Operation of Generation of 452. Positive impact. No mitigation measure needed. MRF Throughout Semi- PIU MRF MRF additional income the annual Operator from recyclables & operation employment

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 146

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

453. Although details of the required mitigation measures are already discussed in the screening for impacts, the following items are discussed further to highlight their importance: (i) tender documents and construction contracts, (ii) contractor’s environmental management plan, (iii) construction site management plan, (iv) project regular and periodic maintenance plan, and (vi) unanticipated environmental impacts.

398. Tender Documents and Construction Contracts. Environmentally responsible procurement advocates the inclusion in construction contract documents addressing the management of environmental impacts and risk during construction. This includes the contractor’s submittal of a Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). Tender documents and construction contracts shall therefore include environmental management provisions on the following issues: (i) erosion and sediment runoff, (ii) noise and dust, (iii) vehicular traffic, (iv) construction wastes, (v) oil and fuel spillages, (vi) temporary workers’ camps, and (vii) public safety and convenience.

399. Contractor’s EMP. During construction, each contractor will be guided by its detailed CEMP. This shall be based on the subproject’s EMP with details on staff, resources, implementation schedules, and monitoring procedures. The agreed CEMP will be the basis for monitoring by PIU, PMU, MPWT and other monitoring parties. Inclusion of the submission of the CEMP in the construction contract documents is important since the contractor will be legally required to allocate budget for implementation of mitigation measures. The CEMP will allow PIU construction supervision engineer to focus on what are specific items expected from the contractor regarding environmental safeguards on a day-to-day basis. With the CEMP, PIU can easily verify the associated environmental requirements each time the contractor will request approval for work schedules.

400. The CEMP shall be prepared by all contractors before the start of the construction works and shall be approved by PIU and the PMU. This requirement shall be included in the construction contracts. It shall provide details on specific items related to the environmental aspects during construction. It shall include specifications on requirements for dust control, erosion and sediment control, avoidance of casual standing water, management of solid wastes, workers’ camp sanitation, pollution from oil, grease, fuel spills, and other materials due to the operation of construction machineries, safety and traffic management, avoidance of inconveniences to the public, air and noise pollution control. It shall also include guidance on the proper design of the construction zone, careful management of stockpiles, vegetation, topsoil, and vehicles and machinery.

401. Regular and Periodic Subprojects Maintenance. Construction Supervision and the SEO shall work together to prepare a plan for project maintenance. It is a necessity that will clearly show the desire of the municipalities in applying best practices in ensuring the long-term use of the subprojects for the progress of the communes and surrounding areas.

402. Unanticipated Environmental Impacts. Where unanticipated environmental impacts become apparent during project implementation, the contractor engineer shall prepare a supplementary environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 147

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

12. MONITORING PLAN

403. The environmental monitoring plan for the EMP is presented in Table 45. The purpose of the monitoring plan is to determine the effectiveness of the impact mitigations, and to document any unexpected positive or negative environmental impacts of the subproject.

404. The monitoring plan focuses on all three phases (pre-construction, construction, post construction / operation) of the subprojects and shall consist of environmental indicators, the sampling locations and frequency, method of data collection, and responsible parties.

405. After the construction phase is completed and all components are in operation the impacts of the new infrastructures on urban development will be monitored by the contractor and then by PIU after subproject hand over by the contractor.

406. Irrigation canal in Anlong Veal water quality and the Preaek Thom stream will be monitored quarterly by the contractor during construction and then annually by the PIU after subproject hand over by the contractor.

407. Air quality and noise will also be monitored by the contractor during subproject construction on the frequency as required by MoE.

Table 45: Monitoring Plan of the Environmental Impacts

Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation Pre-construction Phase Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Consultation meetings; Within the Verify After Quarterly PMU Design specific provisions in the corridors of documentation completion consultant tender documents public impacts of the s of meetings. of meetings concerns and nuisances. road alignment

Update baseline data on Within the Field Once Once EA/PMU Contractor sensitive receptors (e.g., corridors of observations cultural property & values, impact of the and community new schools or hospitals, road alignment consultations rare/endangered species, critical habitat), aquatic resources and uses of affected surface waters.

Contractor’s EMP Covering the Review and Once Once ADB/PMU Contractor road comment improvement construction site Surface water and air For water quality, Using field and Once One PMU/PIU Contractor qualities as part of one upstream laboratory baseline baseline data and another monitoring supplementa downstream of instruments l report the outfalls of the approved by before subproject site. MoE. construction starts For air quality, one upwind and another at downwind of the construction site.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 148

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation Flood Control Dike Consultation meetings; Within the Verify After Quarterly PMU Design specific provisions in the affected documentation completion consultant tender documents, public communes of the of meetings. of meetings concerns and nuisances. dike Baseline data on Within the Field Once Once EA/PMU Contractor sensitive receptors (e.g., corridors of observations cultural property & values, impacts of the and community aquatic resources and dike consultations uses of affected surface waters. Contractor’s EMP CEMP covering Review and Once Once ADB/PMU Contractor construction of comment dike, drainage channel & detention pond Surface water (pH, TSS, For water quality, Using field and Once One PMU/PIU Contractor DO, faecal coliform) and one upstream laboratory baseline TSP as part of baseline and another monitoring supplementa data downstream of instruments l report Preaek Thom approved by before stream. MoE. construction starts For air quality, one upwind and another at downwind of the construction site. Urban Storm Water Drainage Consultation meetings; Within the Verify After Quarterly PMU Design specific provisions in the corridors of documentation completion consultant tender documents public impact of the s of meetings. of meetings concerns and nuisances. drainage line alignments Update baseline data on Within the Field Once Once EA/PMU Contractor sensitive receptors (e.g., corridors of observations cultural property & values, impacts of the and community new schools or hospitals, drainage lines consultations rare/endangered species, critical habitat), aquatic resources and uses of affected surface waters. Contractor’s EMP Covering Review and Once Once ADB/PMU Contractor drainage comment construction sites Surface water (pH, TSS, For water quality, Using field and Once One PMU/PIU Contractor DO, faecal coliform) and one upstream laboratory baseline air quality (TSP, CO, SO2) and another monitoring supplementa as part of baseline data downstream of instruments l report the outfalls of approved by before subproject site. MoE. construction starts For air quality, one upwind and another at downwind of the construction sites. Materials Recovery Facility Consultation meetings; Within the Verify After Quarterly PMU Design specific provisions in the corridors of documentation completion consultant tender documents public impact of the s of meetings. of meetings concerns and nuisances. MRF

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CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation Update baseline data on Within the Field Once Once EA/PMU Contractor sensitive receptors (e.g., corridors of observations cultural property & values, impacts of the and community new schools or hospitals, MRF consultations rare/endangered species, critical habitat), aquatic resources and uses of affected surface waters. Contractor’s EMP Covering MRF Review and Once Once ADB/PMU Contractor construction sites comment Construction Phase Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Total area to be exposed; Construction site Visual Daily during Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor runoff flowing into of the road inspection of rainy period disturbed sites improvement sites; plans verification Materials & solid wastes Road Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor dumped in watercourses construction site inspection of sites; work schedules verification Dust, cover of stockpiles, Road Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor smoke belching construction site inspection Noise level near schools/ Road Use of sound Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor hospitals and residential construction site meter areas during daytime and nighttime Road closure & traffic Road Traffic plans Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor rerouting; road restoration construction site verification

Road safety plan, Road Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor signages, barricades and construction site inspections & night lamps traffic plans Sanitary toilets, garbage Workers camps Visual Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor bins, runoff controls inspection of camps Construction wastes Road Visual Once Once PMU/PIU Contractor construction site inspections before final stage of demobilizati on No. of local labor Host Verification of Monthly Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor employed municipalities contractor’s records Reported complaints and Road Verification of Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor accidents construction sites contractor’s records Flood Control Dike Total area to be exposed; Construction site Visual Daily during Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor runoff flowing into of the dike inspection of rainy period disturbed sites sites; plans verification Dust, cover of stockpiles, Construction Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor emission sites inspection Sanitary toilets, garbage Workers camps Visual Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor bins, runoff controls inspection of camps Construction wastes Construction Visual Once Once PMU/PIU Contractor sites inspections before final stage of demobilizati on

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 150

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation No. of local labor Host sangkats Verification of Monthly Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor employed contractor’s records Preaek Thom stream for For water quality, Using field and Quarterly Semi- PMU/PIU Contractor pH, TSS, DO, faecal one upstream laboratory annually coliform and another monitoring downstream of instruments Preaek Thom approved by stream. MoE.

TSP in the construction For air quality, site. one upwind and another at downwind of the construction site. Reported complaints and Construction Verification of Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor accidents sites contractor’s records Urban Storm Water Drainage Total area to be exposed; Construction Visual Daily during Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor runoff flowing into sites of the inspection of rainy period disturbed sites drainage sites; plans verification Materials & solid wastes Drainage Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor dumped in watercourses construction sites inspection of sites; work schedules verification Dust, cover of stockpiles, Drainage Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor smoke belching construction sites inspection Noise level near schools/ Drainage Use of sound Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor hospitals and residential construction sites meter areas during daytime and nighttime Road closure & traffic Drainage Traffic plans Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor rerouting; road restoration construction sites verification Road safety plan, Drainage Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor signages, barricades and construction sites inspections & night lamps traffic plans Sanitary toilets, garbage Workers camps Visual Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor bins, runoff controls inspection of camps Construction wastes Drainage Visual Once Once PMU/PIU Contractor construction sites inspections before final stage of demobilizati on No. of local labor Host Verification of Monthly Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor employed municipalities contractor’s records Reported complaints and Drainage Verification of Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor accidents construction sites contractor’s records Water quality of the Upstream & Water Quarterly Semi- PMU/PIU Contractor receiving bodies of water downstream of sampling & during annually of the storm water the outfalls of the laboratory constructio drainage (pH, DO, TSS, drainage lines analyses n COD, faecal coliform). Hydraulic carrying Upstream & Visual Semi- Semi- PMU/PIU Contractor capacity of the receiving downstream of observation annually annually bodies of water the outfalls of the during heavy (during dry drainage lines rainfall & wet seasons)

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Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation Materials Recovery Facility Materials & solid wastes MRF construction Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor dumped in watercourses sites inspection of sites; work schedules verification Dust, cover of stockpiles, MRF construction Visual Daily Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor smoke belching sites inspection Sanitary toilets, garbage Workers camps Visual Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor bins, runoff controls inspection of camps Construction wastes MRF construction Visual Once Once PMU/PIU Contractor sites inspections before final stage of demobilizati on No. of local labor Host Verification of Monthly Quarterly PMU/PIU Contractor employed municipalities contractor’s records Reported complaints and MRF construction Verification of Weekly Monthly PMU/PIU Contractor accidents sites contractor’s records Post Construction/Operation and Maintenance Phase Urban Road Improvement with Drainage Traffic signages Along the Visual Monthly Quarterly MPWT/ PIU improved road inspection of PDPWT sites Road maintenance (road Completed road Visual Once a Annually MPWT/ PIU repair) inspection of year after PDPWT sites heavy rainfall Road safety and Traffic signages Visual Quarterly Annually MPWT/ PIU maintenance plans are & records of inspection of PDPWT implemented accidents site & records Trainings on road Completed road Interviews Before start Once EA/PMU/ Company/ maintenance/repair of operation CS PIU Flood Control Dike Traffic signages & safety Along the access Visual Quarterly Annually MPWT/ PIU barriers road on top of the inspection of PDPWT dike sites Incidence of flooding Within the Surveys, public Annually Annually MPWT/ PIU protected area complaints PDPWT Preaek Thom stream for For water quality, Water Semi- Semi- PDMoE PIU pH, TSS, DO, faecal one upstream sampling & annually annually coliform and another laboratory (during dry downstream of analyses & wet Preaek Thom seasons) stream. Urban Storm Water Drainage Drainage maintenance Completed Visual Once a Annually MPWT/ PIU (declogging and repair) drainage lines inspection of year after PDPWT sites heavy rainfall Incidence of flooding Adjacent to new Surveys, public Annually Annually MPWT/ PIU or upgraded complaints PDPWT drainage canals Odors and waste Drainage lines Observations As required Semi- PDPWT PIU management procedures of operation by MoE annually & public reports Water quality of the Upstream & Water Semi- Semi- PDMOE PIU receiving bodies of water downstream of sampling & annually annually

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 152

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Responsibility Environmental Means of Location Frequency Reporting Supervisi Implemen Indicators Monitoring on tation of the storm water the outfalls of the laboratory (during dry drainage (pH, DO, TSS, drainage lines analyses & wet COD, faecal coliform) seasons) Hydraulic carrying Upstream & Visual Semi- Semi- PDPWT PIU capacity of the receiving downstream of observation annually annually bodies of water the outfalls of the during heavy (during dry drainage lines rainfall & wet seasons)

Trainings on drainage Drainage system Interviews Before start Once EA/PMU/ Company/ maintenance of operation CS workers, waste pickers, PIU Materials Recovery Facility Odors and waste MRF and Observations As required Semi- PDPWT PIU management procedures surrounding of operation by MoE annually areas & public reports Occupational Safety and MRF compounds Visual Monthly Semi- PDPWT PIU Health (Signages & inspections annually instructions in Khmer language; first aid kits; separate toilet for women and man) Trainings on operation of MRFs Interviews Before start Once EA/PMU/ Company/ MRFs of operation CS workers, waste pickers, PIU

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 153

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

13. REPORTING

408. Monthly reporting of the progress of construction is the responsibility of the contractor and submitted to PIU and CS Consultant. Semi-annual reporting is the responsibility of the contractor and submitted to CS and then submit to PMU. Environmental monitoring reports will be prepared quarterly and semi-annually for the EA by the PMU/PIUs and sent to the MoE and ADB. The reports will include all indicators measured with the monitoring plan of EMP including performance monitoring indicators (see Table 46), and will include relevant GoC environmental quality standards.

409. Project performance monitoring presents the desired outcomes as measurable events by providing parameters or aspects that can be monitored and verified. Tendering process advocating environmentally responsible procurement is a desired outcome during the pre- construction phase. This can easily be verified by checking if EMP requirements are incorporated in construction contracts. Construction phase desired outcomes include effective management of environmental impacts and reduce risk to public. For the operation phase, road safety and maintenance plans shall be in place and implemented.

Table 46: Performance Monitoring Indicators

Major Environmental Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source Component Pre-Construction Public Consultation & Affected public & Public consultations with Minutes of meeting Disclosure stakeholders stakeholders conducted GRM with attendance introduced sheet Detailed design EMP requirements Detailed design is environmentally DED incorporated in DED responsive CEMP EMP incorporated in All mitigation measures during CEMP the construction plan construction incorporated in the plan Bid Documents EMP requirements EMP appended to bidding Bid documents incorporated in contract documents with clear instructions to bidders for CEMP Environmental training of Training course(s) & All required trainings are Course(s) outline, PMU/PIU/ECO schedule implemented designed per participants, and schedule schedule Provision of Permit, Complaints, injure and Procedures & rules to ensure Contractor and CS Insurances, Guarantees, safety smooth project implementation Consultant reports Securities, UXO removal Construction Phase Environmental No. of complaints Effective management of Contractor’s records management during during construction environmental impacts construction Public risks during No. of accidents during Reduce risk to public during Contractor’s records construction construction construction Operation Phase Public safety in the Traffic signages and Ensure safe driving condition Visual inspection access & in the improved records of accidents on road the road Incidence of flooding Occurrence of flood & Ensure proper O&M of the dike & Town records reported flood damages drainage system Workers safety in MRF Frequency of injuries Adherence to GoC policy and site- Records of site specific procedures to prevent operations of MRF accidents Recyclables recovered Quantity of recyclables Promote waste segregation and Records of recycling operations of MRF

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 154

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14. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

410. The construction and eventual operation of the urban road, flood control dike, storm water drainage systems, and MRFs in the towns of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet will have positive impacts leading to improved public health, support tourism development, provide more employment, livelihood opportunities and increased investment in the subproject towns.

411. The subprojects will significantly improve the environmental conditions and the general quality of life of the residents in the four towns. The overall environmental impact will be positive by reducing the occurrence of flooding and flood damages in the four towns. Moreover, the operation of the subprojects will provide additional urban infrastructure and essential services to facilitate growth and increase urbanization in the selected towns and nearby areas by providing better access for the residents, reducing flooding events, and encouraging solid waste segregation and recycling.

412. Potential negative environmental impacts relate mainly to nuisances during the construction phase. As the subprojects are located within urban environment, the nuisance risks during construction tend to be higher than in a rural environment. These nuisances include blockage of access, disruption to community facilities and activities, noise, engine exhaust and general dust issues. These are localized, temporary and can be managed and brought to acceptable levels through the implementation and effective monitoring of the EMP in combination with a solid contractual framework and effective monitoring of activities and impacts in the construction sites.

413. With regards to the Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike, displacement of people from their dwellings, land, other assets, and sources of income and livelihood will not commence until the updated Resettlement Plan has been reviewed and approved by the ADB. Moreover, construction activities in any specific component of the proposed subproject will not begin until compensation has been paid, and agreed rehabilitation assistance is in place.

414. The subprojects as proposed for the four towns of Bavet, Neak Loeung, Battambang, and Poipet are therefore classified as Category B according to the ADB’s classification system which involves the preparation of this IEE. This category refers to projects that are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts that can be mitigated with an appropriate EMP but of lesser degree or significance than those for Category A projects. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 155

CAM: GMS- Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Effluent Standard for Pollution Sources Discharging Wastewater to Public Water Areas or Sewer

No Parameter Unit Allowable Limits for Pollutant Substance Discharging to Protected Public Water Public Water Area and Area Sewer 1 Temperature oC < 45 < 45 2 pH 6 - 9 5 - 9 o 3 BOD5 (5 days at 20 C) mg/L <30 4 COD mg/L <50 <100 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/L <50 <80 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L <1000 <2000 7 Grease & Oil mg/L <5.0 <15 8 Detergents mg/L <5.0 <15 9 Phenols mg/L < 0.1 < 1.2

10 Nitrate (NO3) mg/L < 10 < 20 11 Chlorine (free) mg/L < 1.0 < 2.0 12 Chloride (Ion) mg/L < 500 < 700

13 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L < 300 < 500 14 Sulphide (as Sulphur) mg/L < 0.2 < 1.0

15 Phosphate (PO4) mg/L < 3.0 < 6.0 16 Cyanide (CN) mg/L < 0.2 < 1.5 17 Barium (Ba) mg/L < 4.0 < 7.0 18 Arsenic (As) mg/L < 0.10 < 1.0 19 Tin (Sn) mg/L < 2.0 < 8.0 20 Iron (Fe) mg/L < 1.0 < 20 21 Boron (B) mg/L <1.0 <5.0 22 Manganese (Mn) mg/L < 1.0 < 5.0 23 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L < 0.1 < 0.5 24 Chromium (Cr) +3 mg/L < 0.2 < 1.0 25 Chromium (Cr) +6 mg/L < 0.05 < 0.5 26 Copper (Cu) mg/L < 0.2 < 1.0 27 Lead (Pb) mg/L < 0.1 < 1.0 28 Mercury (Hg) mg/L < 0.002 < 0.05 29 Nickel (Ni) mg/L < 0.2 < 1.0 30 Selenium (Se) mg/L < 0.05 < 0.5 31 Silver (Ag) mg/L < 0.1 < 0.5 32 Zinc (Zn) mg/L < 1.0 < 3.0 33 Molybdenum (Mo) mg/L < 0.1 < 1.0

34 Ammonia (NH3) mg/L < 5.0 < 7.0 35 DO mg/L >2.0 >1.0 36 Polychlorinated Byphenyl mg/L < 0.003 < 0.003 37 Calcium mg/L < 150 < 200 38 Magnesium mg/L < 150 <200 39 Carbon tetrachloride mg/L < 3 < 3 40 Hexachloro benzene mg/L < 2 < 2 41 DDT mg/L < 1.3 < 1.3

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42 Endrin mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 43 Dieldrin mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 44 Aldrin mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 45 Isodrin mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 46 Perchloro ethylene mg/L < 2.5 < 2.5 47 Hexachloro butadiene mg/L < 3 < 3 48 Chloroform mg/L < 1 < 1 49 1,2 Dichloro ethylene mg/L < 2.5 < 2.5 50 Trichloro ethylene mg/L < 1 < 1 51 Trichloro benzene mg/L < 2 < 2 52 Hexachloro cyclohexene mg/L < 2 <2 Remark: The Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery shall collaborate to set up the standard of pesticides which discharged from pollution sources. Source: Subdecree No. 27: Subdecree on Water Pollution Control, 1999

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Appendix B: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Bio-Diversity Conservation

No Parameter Unit Standard Value A. River 1 pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 2 BOD5 mg/l 1 –10 3 Suspended Solid mg/l 25 – 100 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.0 – 7.5 5 Coli-form MPN/100ml <5000 B. Lakes and Reservoirs 1 pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 2 COD mg/l 1 –8 3 Suspended Solid mg/l 1–15 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.0 – 7.5 5 Coliform MPN/100ml <1000 6 Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.1 – 0.6 7 Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.005 – 0.05 C. Coastal water 1 pH mg/l 7.0 – 8.3 2 COD mg/l 2 –8 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2 –7.5 4 Coliform MPN/100ml <1000 5 Oil content mg/l 0 6 Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.2 – 1.0 7 Total Phosphorus mg/l 0.02 – 0.09 Note: l = liter; mg = milligram; ml = mililiter Source: Annex 4 of Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control, 1999

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Appendix C: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Public Health Protection

No Parameter Unit Standard Value 1 Carbon tetrachloride g/L < 12 2 Hexachlorobenzene g/L < 0.03 3 DDT g/L < 10 4 Endrin g/L < 0.01 5 Dieldrin g/L < 0.01 6 Aldrin g/L < 0.005 7 Isodrin g/L < 0.005 8 Perchloroethylene g/L < 10 9 Hexachlorobutadiene g/L < 0.1 10 Chloroform g/L < 12 11 1, 2 Trichloroethylene g/L < 10 12 Trichloroethylene g/L < 10 13 Trichlorobenzene g/L < 0.4 14 Hexachloroethylene g/L < 0.05 15 Benzene g/L < 10 16 Tetrachloroethylene g/L < 10 17 Cadmium g/L < 1 18 Total Mercury g/L < 0.5 19 Organic Mercury g/L 0 20 Lead g/L < 10 21 Chromium (Cr) +6 g/L < 50 22 Arsenic g/L < 10 23 Selenium g/L < 10 24 Polychlorobiphenyl g/L 0 25 Cyanide g/L < 0.005 Source: Subdecree No. 27: Subdecree on Water Pollution Control, 1999.

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Appendix D: Drinking Water Standard (2004)

No Parameter Unit Standard Value 1 pH mg/l 6.5 – 8.5 2 Turbidity NTU 5 3 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 4 Iron mg/l 0.03 5 Total Dissolved Solid mg/l 800 6 Chlorine mg/l 0.2-0.5 7 Copper mg/l 1 8 Sulphate mg/l 250 9 Nitrite mg/l 3 10 Nitrate mg/l 50 11 Lead mg/l 0.01 12 Mercury mg/l 0.001 13 Coliform CFU/100ml 0

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Appendix E: Ambient Air Quality Standard21

Period 1h Period 8h Period 24h Period 1year No Parameters Average Average Average Average (mg/cu m) (mg/cu m) (mg/cu m) (mg/cu m) 1 Carbon - monoxide 40 20 - (CO) 2 Nitrogen - 0.3 - 0.1 dioxide (NO2) 3 Sulfur dioxide 0.1 0.5 - 0.3 (SO2) 4 Ozone (O3) 0.2 - - - 5 Lead (Pb) - - 0.005 - 6 Total 0.1 Suspended - - 0.33 Particulate (TSP)

Source: Annex 1 of Sub-Decree on Air Pollution Control and Noise Disturbance, 2000.

21 Note: This standard applied to evaluation of ambient air quality and to monitoring of air pollution status.

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Appendix F: Maximum Permitted Noise Level in Public and Residential Area (ADB)

Period No Location 06:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 06:00 Silence Area 1 - Hospital 2 - Library 45 40 35 3 - School 4 - Nursery Resident Area 1 - Hotel 2 - Administration place 60 50 45 3 - House Commercial, Services Areas and 70 65 50 mixed small industrial factories Intermingling in residential areas 75 70 50

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APPENDIX G:

Some Photographs of the Surrounding Area of the Proposed Dike

Photo 1: Existing earthen earth road leading to the National Photo 2: Existing earthen earth road leading to the pagoda Road No. 1 north of the alignment of the proposed dike. Tuol Samathik east of the alignment of the proposed dike.

Photo 3: Shrublands on the southwest side of the dike Photo 4: Grazelands on the west side of the dike alignment alignment. Further on are cornfields, which are inside the inside the proposed 363-ha protected area. In the proposed 363 ha protected area. background is the built-up area within the protected zone.

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APPENDIX H:

Consultation Meetings with District Authorities and PIU on Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike Held on 25 September 2019

The PISCD National Environmental Specialist and the Resettlement Specialist conducted separate meetings with the district officials and the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), and with the commune authorities in Neak Loeung town held in the District Office and in the Preaek Shsay Khor Office on 25 September 2019 to update the safeguard documents on Neak Loeung flood control subproject and organize the Grievance and Redress Mechanism Committee (GRMC).

The agenda of the meetings were: 1. Project information disclosure 2. Key data collection 3. Formation of the Grievance and Redress Mechanism Committee (GRMC) for environment and resettlement 4. Resettlement information and corridor of impact 5. Public consultation with the PIU and local authorities 6. Public Information Booklet 7. Organizing the Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee - Working Group 8. Future public consultations

The first consultation meeting was held with the Peam Ro district authority, together with PIU with the following attendees:

1. Deputy Governor of Peam Ro District 2. Governor of Sangkat Rattanak 3. District environmental officer 4. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 5. PISCD Resettlement Specialist 6. PISCD Environmental Specialist A. Consultation Meeting with the Peam Ro District Authority The meeting was arranged through the Neak Loeung PIU and Peam Ro district authority. There were nine attendees, including one woman. The list of the participants is presented in the Attachment 1. 1. The meeting started with an opening speech made by the deputy governor of Peam Ro district welcoming the participants. 2. Presentation of the project description by Mr. Song Kim Chhuon, PISCD Environmental Specialist. (i) Project information: Significant benefits that will be generated from the project, environmental impact and mitigation measures during subproject construction, subproject scope, location and date of starting of construction. (ii) Key data collection: Number of commune in target area, number of village in target area and benefits household. (iii) GRMC: GRM committee formation needs the involvement of the commune councils and village chiefs with whom people can file complaints during the construction of the subproject.

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(iv) Future public consultations: Set time available for organize public consultation meetings with people in target area. 3. Mr. Seang Bora, PISCD Resettlement Specialist, introduced and explained the objective of the meeting, the corridor of impact (COI) and showed the map of subproject location, and the methodology of the resettlement process such as setting up of Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee Working Group, r=the GMRC and other procedures.

B. Consultation Meeting with the Commune Authorities of Neak Loeung Commune, Preak Khsay (Kor) Commune, and Preak Khsay (Kha) Commune

Arrangements for the meeting was done through PIU and the commune authorities. The meeting was attended by 11 persons ( including two women): (i) the Commune Chiefs Preaek Khsay Khor, Preaek Shsay Kor and Neak Loeung, and (ii) village heads, and the t(iii) two PISCD consultants. Attendance Sheet is presented in the Annex 1. Details of the meeting are shown below.

The consultation meeting was attended by 11 persons, including two women as presented Table 1.

Table 1: Attendees in the Public Consultation with Commune and Village & Children Commune Male Female Total Neak Loeung 3 0 3 Praek Khsay (Kor) 4 1 5 Praek Khsay (Kha) 2 1 3 Total 9 2 11 1. The meeting started with an opening speech made by chief of commune Preak Khsay (Kha) Sangkat welcoming the participants and mentioned about communes and villages that would be affected by the subproject construction. 2. Only two communes will be directly affected by the construction of the subproject and three out of the 11 villages in the two communes will be affected by the subproject.

Commune Affected Village Affected Village Total Neak Loeung Preak Thom Neak Loeung 2 Preak Slot Preak Ta Sa 2 Stoeng Santepheap 0 1 Praek Khsay (Khor) Village 1 Phum Pi 2 Village 3 0 1 Village 4 0 1 Village 5 0 1 Village 6 0 1 Total 8 3 11

3. GRM Committee The formation of the GRMC should include the commune councils and village chiefs where people can file complaint during the construction phase of the subproject. Selection of the members of the GRMC at the PIU level should be done

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through consultation meetings with the local authorities, community, and stakeholders within the subproject area.

Composition of the GRMC is as follows: (i) two persons from commune council of Neak Loeung commune and Preak Khsay Kha commune, (ii) two village chiefs from Neak Loeung commune and Preak Khsay Kha commune, (iii) three persons from PIU, (iv) two persons from contractors, and (v) two persons from the construction supervision. The composition of the GRMC is presented in the Annex 2.

4. Mr. Seang Bora, PISCD Resettlement Specialist explained the details about the purpose of the public consultation meetings, which includes determination of the households that would be affected by the subproject, including land, livelihood, and others assets. 5. Preaek Khsay Kha commune governor summarized the results of the meeting by saying that the annual flooding due to inundation of the rivers and heavy rainfall has been their problem for many years. It is hoped that the flooding would end and that the access road would make travel and transportation easier for Neak Loeung in the future. 6. Meeting was adjourned at 4.00 pm.

Recorded by:

Song Kim Chhuon

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Attachment 1: Attendance Sheets (Unofficial Translations)

GMS: Southern Economic Corridor Town Development Project Attendance List Title: Public Consultation Social and Environment Date: 25th September 2019 Peam Ro District, Prey Veng Province

No. Name Sex Position Phone Signature Number 1 Oeun Bora M Assistant 012 723 510 2 Seang Bora M Resettlement 012 942 544 Specialist 3 Song Kim Chhoun M Environment 012 916 545 Specialist 4 Yem Pheara M Deputy District 097 800 6040 Governor 5 Kri Raththet M PIU (PDPWT) 012 487374 6 Lai Ratha M PIU (PDPWT) 097 7577711 7 Put Sophea M PIU, Environment 088 2226737 8 Prak Sareth M PIU (PDPWT) 088 6790224 9 Penh Sophea F PIU (District) 0312332340

Attendance List Title: Social and Environment issues Date: 25th September 2019 Sangkat Prek Khsay Ka

No. Name Sex Position Village Phone Number Signature 1 Song Kimchhoun M Environment 012 916 545 Specialist 2 Kim Sovann M Commune 012 613 858 Councils 3 Prak Sareth M PIU 088 679 0224 4 Lai Ratha M PIU 097 757 7711 5 Penh Sophea F PIU 031 2332 340 6 Yem Pheara M PIU 097 800 6040

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Attendance List Title: Social and Environment issues Date: 25th September 2019 Sangkat Prek Khsay Kha

No. Name Sex Position Village Phone Number Signature 1 Bun Sreymom F First Khum Preak 015 901616 Commune Khsay Kha Councilor 2 Mao Leang M Second Khum Preak 099 333 051 Commune Khsay Kha Councilor 3 Kim Sokun M Village Chief Phum Pir 069 995874

Attendance List Title: Social and Environment issues Date: 25th September 2019 Sangkat Neak Loeung

No. Name Sex Position Village Phone Number Signature 1 Chreng Nov M Member of Khum Preak 088 344 3440 Commune Khsay Kha Councilor 2 Leng Krey M Vice Village Neak Loeung 096 612 5744 Chief 3 Sor Many M Vice Village Preak Ta Sa 012 811194 Chief

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Attachment 2: GRM Committee Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee (GRMC)

Neak Loeung Flood Control Dike

The consultation meeting was conducted with relevant community and stakeholder, local authorities within the subproject area in order to select members of committee at PIU level. Arrangement of the meeting was done through PIU, community leaders in the commune and village. The total participants are 18 persons, including 2 women. List of meeting people is enclosed below.

A. GRM OBJECTIVE

A grievance redress mechanism (GRM), consistent with the requirements of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the subproject; (ii) demonstrate concerns about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by subproject implementation and operations. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community.

B. PROPOSED GRM SYSTEM

In Cambodia, there is currently no existing legally established system to resolve environmental concerns and complaints. The MPWT, as the EA of the CTD1 will establish the GRM. The setup shall be made before commencement of site works and have members from the PMU, PIU, district authority and commune councils. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any entry point of the GRM. The committee will have 15 days to respond with a resolution. The PMU’s Environment Safeguards Officer will oversee the implementation of the mechanism with technical support by PMU’s environmental safeguard consultants and will be responsible for keeping the PMU informed. The PIU’s Environmental Safeguards Focal Point will be responsible for ensuring GRM implementation at the sub- project level effectively.

C. ACCESS TO THE MECHANISM A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner. The PMU, through Environment Safeguards Officer (PMU-ESO) and staff in the MPWT, will ensure that: (i) The public and all stakeholders are aware of their rights to access, and will have access to, the GRM free of administrative and legal charges; and (ii) The GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations, (b) through posters displayed in the commune office (posters to include names and contact details of the PIU-SFP). The GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations, (b) through posters displayed in the commune office (posters to include names and contact details of the PIU).

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D. GRM COMMITTEE

Position in No. PMU Member Position Phone Number Committee 1. Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Project Management Unit (PMU) 1. H.E. Vong Pisith Project Director Chief of Committee 012 833 411 Procurement Officer Deputy Chief of 012 803 203 2 Mr. Pou Manith Committee Technical Officer and 3 Mr. Vong Rada Gender Focus Point Member 012 451545 4 Mr. Bun San Environmental Specialist Member 012 863 994 5 Mr. Song Kim Chhuon Environmental Specialist Member 012 916 545 6 Mr. Seang Bora Resettlement Specialist Member 012 949 544 2. Grievance Redress Mechanism Committee of Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 1 Mr. Kry Rathat Chief of PIU Chief of Committee 012 497 374 Deputy Chief of 097 249 3342 2 Mr. Yaem Pheara Deputy Chief of PIU Committee Gender & Public 3 Mrs. Phat Sreysros Member 093 427 117 Campaign Officer Commune Council Prek 4 Mr. Chhan Chhom Member 069 401 288 Khasay (Khor) Village Chief 5 Mr. Kim ShoKun Member 069 995 874 Prek Khasay (Khor) Commune Council Neak 6 Mr. Chreng Nao Member 016 726 723 Loeung Deputy Village Chief 7 Mr. Leng Kri Member 096 612 5744 Neak Loeung 8 NA Contractor Member NA 9 NA Contractor Member NA 10 NA CS Member NA 11 NA CS Member NA

E. The grievance redress process applies to environmental issues and includes three steps of which three are followed before complaints may be elevated to the ADB as a last resort, as follows: 1st step: Complaints and grievances will be provided verbally or in writing to the village chief, commune chief, or to contractor. The receiving agent will provide immediate written confirmation of receiving the complaint. If after 10 days the complainant does not hear from the contractor, village and commune chiefs or if he/she is not satisfied with the decision taken in the first stage, the complaint may be brought to the District Office or Project Implementation Unit (PIU).

2nd step: The District Office in cooperation with Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has 10 days within which to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all concerned. If the complaint cannot be solved at this stage, the District Office or Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will bring the case to the Provincial Grievance Redress Committee (PGRC) or Project Management Unit (PMU) and has to inform the complainant. 3rd step: The PGRC or Project Management Unit (PMU) meets with the aggrieved party and tries to resolve the situation. Within 10 days of the submission of the grievance, the Committee or PMU will make a written decision and submit copies to ADB.

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Grievance Redress Mechanism Chart

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Attachment 3: Photographs

Photos of participants attended in the meeting at Peam Ror District on 25 Sep. 2019.

Photos of participants attended in the meeting at Preaek Khasay (Khor) Commune on 25 September 2019

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism

t

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

Ministry of Public Asian Development Bank Works and Transport

Project Information Disclosure

GMS: Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project

Project Location: PoiPet, Battambang, and Bavet

June 2018

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A. PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Government of Cambodia (GoC) has received loans and grants from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to finance the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Southern Economic Corridor Towns Development Project (the Project). The Project will enhance the competitiveness of towns along the Southern Economic Corridor (SEC). The Project will transform the Cambodian corridor towns of Bavet, Battambang and Poipet into economic hubs by improving urban-environmental infrastructure and strengthening institutional capacities of provincial and local authorities. The Project’s expected outcome is improved urban infrastructure and enhanced climate resilience in Bavet Battambang, and Poipet. The Project will cover eight subprojects comprising of the following: a) Poipet:

1. Construction of separate sewage interceptor, collection and haulage canals (Detail design by NJS, ongoing) 2. Upgrading of existing storm water drainage canals (2 km long, covering the areas of Sangkat Poipet and Pshakandal of Poipet town) 3. Installation of new WWTP (68 m x 68 m, 4,000 cu m/day capacity) 4. Material Recovery Facility (800 m2 , 60 m3 /day capacity) b) Battambang:

1. Construction of storm water drainage canal (15.370 km long) 2. Material Recovery Facility (800sq m, 60 m3/day capacity) c) Bavet:

1. Improvement and widening of main urban road and construction of drainage structure on both roadsides (6.14 km long) 2. Material Recovery Facility (800 m2, 60 m3/day capacity)

Bavet urban road not yet improved MRF under construction

B. PROJECT BENEFICIARY

The project construction of separate sewage and drainage systems, road and material recovery facilities in urban setting will generate significant benefits, including the following:  Improve public health in city environment;  Promote tourism development;

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 Provide more employment and livelihoods opportunities;  Improve the water quality of the rivers and streams;  improve and support the ongoing sustainable development efforts;  Increase trade services;  Improve transport and communication services.

C. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT and MITIGATION MEASURES During pre-construction, construction and post-construction, the environmental impacts will occur such as disruption of water supply and electric or cables facility, no bypass, no road access, noise, air and water quality; soil quality and economic losses due to construction, mitigation measures will be taken into account in order to minimize negative impacts in which result from the construction and operation stage.

Impact Mitigation Measures Preconstruction Phase 1. Confirmation of no required Affected persons well informed well ahead of subproject resettlement relocation and implementation compensation 2. Disclosure and engagement Initiate Information Disclosure and Grievance process of IEE of community (community impacts) 3. UXO survey and removal (injured Ensure Government is consulted for UXO, and clears areas worker or public) where necessary 4. Recruitment of workers (spread Use local workers as much as possible thereby reducing number of sexually transmitted) of migrant worker 5. Water supply facility Design engineer will inform, cooperate, and discuss with local authority as well as with water supply authority/owners on the location of the water supply system in order to

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Impact Mitigation Measures ensure that this system is properly prevented. In case of damage, the project owner should pay compensate or repairing for such damage. 6. Existing sewer line/telephone Design engineer will inform, cooperate, and discuss with line/electric cable and traffic local authority as well as with authority/owners on the signboard location of the sewer line/telephone line/electric cable in order to ensure that this system is properly prevented. In case of damage, the project owner should pay compensate or repairing for such damage. Construction Phase 8. Increase in dust emissions from  Regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil site construction  Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.  Minimize time that excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed.  Stored construction materials well away from all human activity and resettlements, and cultural (e.g., schools, hospitals) 9. Noise arising from construction  As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00 of the site facilities and 17:00. Maintain equipment in proper working order.  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use  Provide temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible such as trees. 10. Air pollution  Construction materials should be properly covered during transport it in and out of the project sites.  Regularly, spray water on the earth road and construction site in dry period in order to minimize dust generation as much as possible, especially on exposed surface. 11. No bypass or access road  Temporary wooden bridge will provide or detour road will construct 12. Leaks and spills of hazardous  The fuel storage must be far from watercourse or drain material channel.  Contractor must provide precaution sign and security equipment for protection when the problem happens.  Be careful in loading and unloading fuel 13. Contamination of land and  Uncontaminated soil, concrete and construction waste surface water from excavated to be disposed of in Government designated sites, which soil, concrete and construction must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated waste sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Soil, concrete and construction waste must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible soil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed soil must be recorded.  Contaminated soil disposal must follow Government regulations including handing. Transport, treatment(if necessary).

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Impact Mitigation Measures 14. Land erosion  Berms and plastic sheet fencing should be placed around all excavations and earthwork area.  Earthwork should be conducted during dry periods.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure area immediately after work is completed. 15. Traffic disruption, accidents and  Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic public injury periods. Create adequate traffic detour, and sufficient signage and warning lights.  Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle road  Demarcate additional location where pedestrians can develop road crossings away from construction area.  Avoiding construction/installation sewer pipes and transportation construction material in and out of the construction sites in busy time.  Traffic facilitator/traffic police shall be provided in construction sites where heavy traffic always happened in the road 16. Worker camp (Pollution and  Locate worker camps away from human settlements. Social Problem)  Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities including pit latrines and garbage cans.  A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains a clean worker camps.  Locate separate pit latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas.  A clean-out or infill schedule for pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working latrines are available at all times.  Worker camps must have adequate drainage.  Local food should be provided to worker camps. Guns and weapons not allowed in camps.  Transient workers should not be allowed to interact with the local community. HIV/Aids education should be given to workers. 17. Working condition of workers  Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones (occupational safety, security, should be provided around construction sites. accidents, risks)  Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors and night guards should be placed at all sites.  Worker and public safety guidelines GoC should be followed.  Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in.  Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given.  A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers.  Appropriate safety clothing and footwear should be mandatory for all construction workers.  Adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction sites.

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Impact Mitigation Measures  Pit latrine must be provided at worker camp and construction sites.  Drinking water must be provided at all construction sites.  Sufficient lighting used during necessary night work.  All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Post Construction Operational Phase 18. Odors  Implementation of best-practice operating procedures to minimize the odors generated by the plant, including properly control on the sludge in ponds.  Mechanical ventilation facilities or chemical odor control shall be provided.  Planting vegetation around WWTP and pumping station site also one method to reduce smell spread out to the nearby households.  Provide education and awareness program to residents and others in the vicinity of the WWTP avoiding disposal solid waste/rubbish into the WWTP. 19. Noise disturbance  Planting vegetation around WWTP and pumping station site also one method to reduce smell spread out to the nearby households.  Noise reducing buffer shall be provided. 20. Operation of Drains(Periodic Improved drains must be regularly cleaned and surface to back up and local flooding) maintain design capacity flows

D. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 1. GRM Objective A grievance redress mechanism (GRM), consistent with the requirements of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) demonstrate concerns about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project implementation and operations. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community.

2. Proposed GRM System In Cambodia, there is currently no existing legally established system to resolve environmental concerns and complaints. The MPWT, as the EA of the CTD1 will establish the GRM. The setup shall be made before commencement of site works and have members from the PMU, district authority and commune councils. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any entry point of the GRM. The committee will have 15 days to respond with a resolution. The PMU’s Environment Safeguards Officer will oversee the implementation of the mechanism with technical support by PMU’s environmental safeguard consultants and will be responsible for keeping the PMU informed. The PIU’s Environmental Safeguards Focal Point will be responsible for ensuring GRM implementation at the sub-project level effectively.

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3. ACCESS TO THE MECHANISM A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner. The PMU, through Environment Safeguards Officer (PMU-ESO) and staff in the MPWT, will ensure that: (i) The public and all stakeholders are aware of their rights to access, and will have access to, the GRM free of administrative and legal charges; and (ii) The GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations, (b) through posters displayed in the commune office (posters to include names and contact details of the PIU-SFP). The GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations, (b) through posters displayed in the commune office (posters to include names and contact details of the PIU).

The grievance redress process applies to environmental issues and includes three steps of which three are followed before complaints may be elevated to the ADB as a last resort, as follows: 1st step: Complaints and grievances will be provided verbally or in writing to the village chief, commune chief, or to contractor. The receiving agent will provide immediate written confirmation of receiving the complaint. If after 5 days the complainant does not hear from the contractor or not satisfied, the complainant will continue to village chief and then go to commune chief/council if still not satisfied. If after 15 days the complainant does not hear from the contractor, village and commune chiefs or if he/she is not satisfied with the decision taken in the first stage, the complaint may be brought to the District Office or Project Implementation Unit (PIU). 2nd step: The District Office in cooperation with Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has 15 days within which to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all concerned. If the complaint cannot be solved at this stage, the District Office or Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will bring the case to the Provincial Grievance Redress Committee (PGRC) or Project Management Unit (PMU) and has to inform the complainant. The Annex 10: GRM- Complaint Recording Form. 3rd step: The PGRC or Project Management Unit (PMU) meets with the aggrieved party and tries to resolve the situation. Within 15 days of the submission of the grievance, the Committee or PMU will make a written decision and submit copies to ADB.

Updated IEE for Subprojects of Battambang, Bavet and Poipet 179

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Contractors, PIU and PMU’s Telephone Numbers

PIU and Contractor (Bavet Town):  Road improvement Contractor 077 258 224  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 012 707 616 or 088 644 0544

PIU and Contractor, Battambang Town:  Storm drainage Contractor 096 916 6190  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 092 930 966 or 012 479 030

PIU and Contractor, Poipet Town:  Storm drainage Contractor 092 526 271 or 070 268 555 0r 070 555 835  MRF Contractor 012 202 266 or 089 852 588  Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 012 220 015 or 077 319 444

Environmental Specialists of Project 012 916 545 or 012 863 994

Project Management Unit (PMU) 012 803 203 or 012 451545

Complaints Receiving Officer, Accountability Mechanism Asian Development Bank ADB Headquarters, 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550, Metro Manila, Philippines (+632) 632-4444 loc. 70309 (+632) 636 2086 ADB Website: [email protected]

Instructions available here: http://www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/how-file- complaint.

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Annex 2: Attendance List (Poipet)

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ANNEX 3: Attendance List (Battambang)

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Annex 4: Attendance List (Bavet)

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Annex 5: Agenda of Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism In Bavet Town on 19 June 2018

Time Activities Remarks 14:00-14:20 pm Participants enrollment 14:20-14:30 pm Welcome speech and open the meeting Bavet commune council 14:30-15:30 pm Environmental team introduction, objective of the Environmental meeting and Presentation (explanation and distribution team some documents such as booklets of project(i), brief project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism) 15:30-16:25 pm Discussion ... Participants Participants contribution ideas, comment, and questions; Answers response, and record all question & comment from the participants 16:25-16:30 pm Closing meeting (i) Note: Project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism, see Annex 1.

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Annex 6: Agenda of Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism in Battambang Town on 21 June 2018

Time Activities Remarks 14:00-14:30 pm Participants enrollment 14:30-14:40 pm Welcome speech and open the meeting PMU 14:40-15:30 pm Environmental team introduction, objective of the meeting Environmental and Presentation (explanation and distribution some team documents such as booklets of project(i), brief project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism) 15:30-16:25 pm Discussion ... Participants Participants contribution ideas, comment, and questions; Answers response, and record all question & comment from the participants 16:25-16:30 pm Closing meeting Deputy Governor Town (i) Note: Project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism, see Annex 1.

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Annex 7: Agenda of Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism in Poipet Town on 22 June 2018

Time Activities Remarks 9:00-9:20 Participants enrollment am 9:20-9:30 Welcome speech and open the meeting Chief of Poipet am PIU 9:30-10:10 Environmental team introduction, objective of the meeting Environmental am and Presentation (explanation and distribution some team documents such as booklets of project(i), brief project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism) 10:10-10:25 Discussion ... Participants am Participants contribution ideas, comment, and questions; Answers response, and record all question & comment from the participants 10:25-10:30 Closing meeting Chief of Poipet am PIU Note: (i) Project information environmental impact, mitigation measure and grievance redress mechanism, see Annex 1.

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Annex 8: Result of Public Consultation Meeting, Information Disclosure and Public Grievance Mechanism, Bavet Town

Name Position and Comments and Questions Organization Mr. Ren Bun Village chief, Nowadays in this village have not wastewater treatment Rath Kilometer 4 plant and sewerage system, hope the project will provide village both system in our village to improve environmental living. Mr. Hing Chhuoy Commune More impact of flooding always happened in Sangkat Council, Sangkat Pshakandalk in heavy rain. If the project were prepared Pshakandalk appropriate drainage system, the result will be reduced flooding improved sanitation in Sangkat Pshakandalk. On behalf of the people that are living in Sangkat Pshakandalk would like to thanks to the project and support the project 100%. Mr. Sril In Deputy Sangkat He expressed the communities worried with the project Chief, Sangkat activities with question as following: Pshakandalk  If the project implementation will environmental impact to the households next to the subproject, how to complaint?  If the project will damage the community’s property like house and land, how the compensation is? Mr. Prom Van Kilometer 4 During the construction if no access road, request villager contractor provides temporary wooden bride for pass Mr. Seng Hak Kilometer 4 Happy and support the project 100%. villager Mr. Chea Cham People in How to connect new drainage system? Happy and support Roen Rattanak the project 100%. commune Than Narith People in Rattanak commune Thoch Ton Romchek 3 Happy and support the project 100%. village Mr. Tea Tit Village Chief of No bypass or detour road temporary pass to residents, Bavet Leu because the contractor clearing and removed top soil in Mr. Mok Mara Bavet Kandal front of the houses. Mr. Sam Si Thay People in Tapov Request to contractor keep small access road to houses, village, Bavet request work implementation quickly. town Mr. Chan Vanna People in Bavet How long is one length and width of road improvement? town After clearing on both side of the road, the contractor did not continue to do the work, to cause the business and access to household is difficult. Respond to the above questions by environmental team and PIU chief of Poipet town as brief described in following:  The project will construct separate sewer interceptor, collection and haulage system to collect sewage water into the WWTP. Conduct control of effluent water from WWTP before discharge into Ouchrov stream.  Concerning to blockage sewer and flooded the community with heavy rain could be come from no drainage system and the existing sewer system that built by villagers are lack of/limited budget that not follow the technical standard, solid waste also, so we must clean in front of each house and keep cleaning together.  The procedures for environmental grievance redress when negative environmental impact happen during project construction they can complain to contractor or local authority, If no

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Name Position and Comments and Questions Organization understanding or amicable solution can be reached or if no response is received from the Grievance Committee within 15 days from filing the complaint, the APs can elevate the case to the District Grievance Committee or PIU, If the APs is not satisfied with the decision of the District Office or PIU, or in the absence of any response, the APs can elevate the case to the higher level. The Aps try to resolute of disputes with contractor or local authority.  Contractor must provide temporary wooden bride or bypass for household no access road.  The construction work will accelerate, especially the construction work in front of business houses, and request the villagers participate in the road construction.  After drainage construction each house can connect to the manhole, three or four households drain to the drop-inlet that connects to the manhole.  Urban road construction in Bavet has 6.145 km longs and 15 m width from the central line, we met obstacle with water supply, electric and cables not yet resold. We will resolve the problem urgently.  The contractor must resolve water supply, electric, cables and banners along both side of the road before start construction. 415. The environmental team assumed the attendees that mitigation and monitoring measures will be implemented during various project phases to effectively address environmental impacts that the participants identified as well as other anticipated impacts identified during the IEE updated. 416. Most of the questions were response by contractor, environmental team and PIU chief in the meeting session, and comment to contractor by ADB representative. The people understand well on the project status and its activities. The participants were appreciated on clearly disclosure the project information, the environmental impact will be cause by the project construction and operation, and clearly answered to the question by contractor, the environmental team and PIU chief. All the participants in this meeting welcome the project and want to have this project soon. 417. After receiving the suggestion and recommendation from the participant, there is concluded that the impact on the environment and social resources resulting from project implementation is small and short time only. In general, the local people and stakeholders welcome the project and understand the project will be improved town environment in parallel of governmental strategy planning for tourism development “clean city and good service”.

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Annex 9: GRM Committee

ពចកកម ពមក 3

កង នងកជន

គងភនកចកងបងងង

ចមន នងយនយប ង . ចមន ទកង . មក នងមខន ទ ខទព គកធ

ក.ព នគកធយប ង ងពគបគងគង (PMU)

. ង ព បនគបគងគង បន ងពគបគង ក ព ន នបន គង

ងពគបគង ក ង ជក គង

ក បន ន ទបកបន ជក

ក ង គមឈន ទបកបន ជក

ក ង ប ទបកងម ជក

ខ.ព នគកធយប ង កងយប (PIU)

បនងពន ក ធន បន គង

ក ទច មន ងពនគង នបន

ក ខ ពញន ងពនគង ជក

កម នងង ក ឃន ជក ទកភ ង

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កម នងង ក ធប ជក ទកភ ង

បនកមទបក ក គ ជក ពនងង

ទបកពន ក ន ជក ងង

កមបកផ ក ជក ក

កមបកយ ក េជន ជក ប

គ. ព នគកធយប ង កងបង (PIU)

បនងពន ក ន ប បន គង

ក គម គន ងពនគង នបន

ក ង ង ងពនគង ជក

កម នងង ក ង ង យ ជក ទកភ ង

កម នងង ក ជ ជក ទកភ ង

បនកមទបក ក គ ជក ពនងង

ទបកពន ក យន ជក ងង

ក ន គម ឈន កមបកន ជក

ឃ. ព នគកធយប ង កង (PIU)

បនងពន ក នន ន បន គង

ក ទ ងពនគង នបន

ក កម ង ងពនគង ជក

ក ទ គ កម នងងផ ជក

ក ង កម នងងផ ជក

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បនកមទបក ក គ ជក ពនងង

ទបកពន ក ឃក ធ ជក ងង

ក បន ផ កមបក ជក

. យនយប ង

ក ទ គងផបកកប ង មពនកមនងង ធកភម គកមយប ងកឃ/ គកមននងផ បកយកកមពទទកប ង

បនបកងយព ថ កទទងផបមននយ ព កម នងង មភម មឃ មនពញចចមចចកងកទនទ

កប ង នកនគកមយប ងកក /ខ ង ពនគង(PIU)កង មយបន ក ទ

កក ងពនគង(PIU)កង នយព0ថ កងយ កប ងនមបពញចកកពនង បនបកប ងមនច

យនកងកនទ ប ងនងប នយបនគកម យប ងកខ ងពគបគងគង(PMU) ក ទ គកមយប ងកខ ងពគបគងគង(PMU) ន

កង នងកជ ន ជបមយគនបយពមយ បន កងយព0 ថ បបពកកប ងមនចយនកង កនទ គកមយប ងកខ ងពគបគងគង (PMU) ធចកមចយកកយផចបចមងចធ ភ ន(ADB)

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Annex 10: Sample Grievance Redress Complaint Form

The ______Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries, and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you.

Date Place where grievance is filed:

Contact Information/Personal Details

Name Gender * Male Age * Female

Home Address

Place

Phone No.

E-mail Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where, and how) of your grievance below:

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If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Annex 11: GRM Complaint Recording Form

PIU Staff Responsible: (name and role) Date: (of this record)

Date of Complaint:

Date Resolution Required by (5 days from initial complaint):

Complaint Made by: (Name & Contact Details)

Method of Complaint: (direct to PMU, via Contractor, Via Commune People’s Council)

Details of Complaint: (issues, actions taken so far, when did it start – all details needed)

PMU Actions: (Next steps for PMU to resolve the issue or to move complaint to next level)

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Follow Up Actions Needed and Date: (PMU to follow up on resolution if needed, e.g. check contractor actions)

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