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Issue Full File bilig Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World TBMM’NİN 100. YILI ÖZEL SAYISI SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE 100TH YEAR OF THE GNAT KIŞ WINTER 2021 • SAYI NUMBER 96 © Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Bașkanlığı Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees Danışma Kurulu / Advisory Board bilig Prof. Dr. Abdıldacan AKMATALİYEV Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Millî Bilimler Akademisi /Kırgızistan Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World Prof. Dr. Ramiz ASKER Bakü Devlet Üniversitesi/Azerbaycan KIŞ WINTER 2021 • SAYI NUMBER 96 Prof. Dr. Viktor BUTANAYEV Hakas Katanov Devlet Üniversitesi / Sahibi Owner Rusya Federasyonu Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Adına Mütevelli Heyet Başkanı Dr. Serdar ÇAM Prof. Dr. Muhittin ŞİMŞEK Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Nurettin DEMİR Yayın Yönetmeni Editor in Chief Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Fırat PURTAŞ • Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Edward FOSTER Talisman/ABD Special Issue Editor Özel Sayı Editörü Prof. Dr. Gürer GÜLSEVİN Dr. Murat YILMAZ • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sosyal Politikalar Kurulu Üyesi Ege Üniversitesi / Türkiye Yayın Kurulu Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Osman HORATA Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Nâzım Hikmet POLAT • Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Yüksel ÇELİK • Marmara Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Lars JOHANSON Prof. Dr. Yunus KOÇ • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Mainz Üniversitesi/Almanya Prof. Dr. Ali Ekber ŞAHİN • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Prof.Dr. Mustafa S. KAÇALİN Prof. Dr. Tuba DURMUŞ • TOBB ETÜ Marmara Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. İbrahim KALIN Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Managing Editor Cumhurbaşkanlığı/Türkiye Emine Sıdıka TOPTAŞ Prof. Dr. Rafael MUHAMMEDİNOV Bilimler Akademisi/Rusya Federasyonu Teknik Redaksiyon Redaction Prof. Dr. Tuba DURMUŞ Prof. Dr. Mahir NAKİP Çankaya Üniversitesi/Türkiye Özetlerin İngilizcesi English Abstracts Prof. Dr. M. Öcal OĞUZ Ebru SEVEN Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZ Özetlerin Rusçası Russian Abstracts Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Türkiye Liliya SATTAROVA Prof. Dr. Ali Yaşar SARIBAY Uludağ Üniversitesi/Türkiye Yönetim Merkezi Management Center Prof. Dr. Muhittin ŞİMŞEK Şehit H. Temel Kuğuoğlu Cad. Marmara Üniversitesi/Türkiye Nu: 30 06490 Bahçelievler / ANKARA Prof. Dr. Cengiz TOMAR Tel : (0 312) 216 06 00 • Faks : (0 312) 216 06 09 Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi/Kazakistan www.ayu.edu.tr Prof. Dr. Refik TURAN bilig.yesevi.edu.tr • e-posta: [email protected] Gazi Üniversitesi/Türkiye Abonelik Subscription Prof. Dr. Musa YILDIZ Gazi Üniversitesi/Türkiye [email protected] Abone Bedeli Yurt içi (Yıllık) : 100 TL (Öğretim üyesi, öğretmen ve öğrencilere %50 indirimlidir) Yurt dışı (Yıllık) : 150 ABD Doları Yayın Türü 3 aylık, yaygın, süreli Baskı Printed by MERKEZ Repro-Basım-Yayın Ltd. Şti. Makalelerde ifade edilen fikir ve görüşler +90 (312) 384 78 98 sadece yazarlarının olup, Ahmet www.merkezrepro.com Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığının görüşlerini yansıtmazlar. Basım Yeri: ANKARA The opinions and views expressed in the Basım Tarihi: 20/01/2021 articles are the authors’ solely and do not reflect the views of the Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees. ISSN: 1301-0549 Değerli Okur, Türk dünyasının sosyal bilimler alanındaki birikimlerini ortaya koymak, tarihi ve güncel sorunlarını bilimsel yaklaşımla ele almak amacıyla yayımlanmaya başlayan, uluslararası standartlara uygun hakemli bir dergi olan bilig dergisi, Kutadgu Bilig’den bu yana devam eden ve coğrafyamızın ortak değerlerini yansıtan, bilgiye ve bilime öncelik veren bir geleneği ihya ediyor. Bu kıymetli vasıfları haiz bilig dergisinin 96’ncı sayısının “TBMM’nin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı” olarak yayımını, aziz milletimize takdim etmekten büyük bir memnuniyet duyuyorum. Milli iradenin tecelligâhı olan Meclisimiz, “kurtarıcı”, “kurucu” ve “gazi” sıfatlarını bir asırlık tarihindeki haklı ve gururlu mücadelesiyle kazanmıştır; dünyada bu sıfatların hepsine birden sahip tek meclistir ve bu emsalsiz özellikleriyle demokrasi ile milli iradenin tecellisi yönünden dünyaya örnek olmaya devam etmektedir. Meclisimizin bir asırlık tarihinin bilimsel temelde etraflıca araştırılması ve tahlili son derece önem arz etmektedir. bilig dergisinin bu konuya ciddi katkı sağlayacağına yürekten inanıyorum. Aziz milletimiz, uzun tarihi boyunca, bilime ve bilim insanlarına büyük kıymet ve önem vermiştir. Yusuf Has Hacib’in adıyla müsemma anıt eseri Kutadgu Bilig, aziz milletimizin bu yaklaşımının çok güzel bir tezahürüdür. Yusuf Has Hacib, anıt eserine Kutadgu Bilig, “Mutluluk Veren Bilgi” adını işte bu yaklaşım ile vermiştir. Yusuf Has Hacib’in Kutadgu Bilig’de; “Erdem, akıl ve bilgi gerekli / Dünyayı tutmak için uzatana elini” diyerek bundan yaklaşık 800 yıl önce yaptığı çağrı, bugün bilig dergisi ile yankı buluyor. Çok değerli bilim insanlarımız, bilig dergisinde yayımlanan bilimsel makale ve yayınlarıyla bilgi dünyamızı zenginleştiriyorlar. Türk dünyasını oluşturan yaklaşık 250 milyon soydaşımız arasındaki ortak tarihi ve kültürel değerlerin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunuyorlar. Kutadgu Bilig’de, “Başka bir topluluk da âlimlerdir / Onların ilmi halkın yolunu aydınlatır” der. Bilim insanlarımız yolumuzu aydınlatmaya devam ediyor, bizler de bu yolda onların adımlarını kolaylaştırmak için gayret gösteriyoruz. bilig dergisinin hazırlanmasında ve yayımlanmasında emeği geçenlere, sabır ve sebatla çalışanlara müteşekkirim; kültür dünyamıza sunduğu katkıların devamını diliyor, gelecek nesillere rehber olmasını temenni ediyorum. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şentop Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanı Dear Reader, Started to be published in order to reveal the experience of the Turkic world in the field of social sciences and to deal with its historical and current problems with a scientific approach and which is a peer-reviewed journal in accordance with international standards, bilig journal, revitalizes a tradition that has been continuing since Kutadgu Bilig and reflects the common values of our geography and prioritizes knowledge and science. I am very pleased to present the 96th issue of bilig journal, which has these precious qualities, as the “Special Issue of the 100th Year of the GNAT” to our beloved nation. Our Assembly, which is the manifestation of the national will, has gained the titles of “savior”, “founder” and “ghazi” through its just and proud struggle in a century-old history. It is the only assembly in the world that has all of these attributes, and it continues to be an example to the world in terms of the manifestation of democracy and national will with its unique features. It is of utmost importance to thoroughly research and analyze the centuries-old history of our Assembly on a scientific basis. I sincerely believe that bilig journal will make a serious contribution to this issue. Our beloved nation has attached a great value and importance to science and scientists throughout its long history. Kutadgu Bilig, the monumental work in the name of Yusuf Has Hacib, is a great manifestation of this approach of our beloved nation. It is this approach that Yusuf Has Hacib named his monument Kutadgu Bilig, “The Blessed Knowledge”. The call made by Yusuf Has Hacib in Kutadgu Bilig about 800 years ago by saying: “Virtue, wisdom and knowledge are needed / For the one who stretches out his hand to hold the world” resonates today with bilig journal. They enrich our world of knowledge with their publications and contribute to the development of common historical and cultural values among our approximately 250 million citizens who make up the Turkic world. Kutadgu Bilig says, “Another community is also scholars / Their knowledge illuminates the way of the people.” Our scientists continue to illuminate our path, and we strive to facilitate their steps on this path. I appreciate those who contributed to the preparation and publication of bilig journal and to those who worked patiently and persistently; I wish the continuation of its contributions to our cultural world and I hope it will be a guide for future generations. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şentop Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey Уважаемый читатель, Журнал «Билиг», представляя собой рецензируемое издание, отвечающее международным стандартам и основанное с целью представления опыта тюркского мира в области социальных наук и решения его исторических и актуальных проблем в соответствии с научным подходом, возрождает традицию, берущую начало со времен «Кутадгу Билиг», и отражает общие ценности нашей цивилизации в уважении к знаниям и науке. В этой связи мне особенно приятно представить 96-й выпуск журнала «Билиг», подготовленный в ознаменование 100-летия Великого национального собрания Турции. Наше Великое национальное собрание, являющееся проявлением национальной воли, получило титулы «спасителя», «основателя» и «ветерана» в своей справедливой и гордой борьбе в течение вековой истории; это единственный парламент в мире, который обладает всеми этими атрибутами и продолжает служить уникальным примером для мира с точки зрения проявления демократии и национальной воли. Чрезвычайно важно досконально изучить и проанализировать вековую историю нашего парламента на научной основе. Искренне верю, что журнал «Билиг» внесет серьезный вклад на этом поприще. Наш народ на протяжении всей своей долгой истории всегда придавал большое значение науке и ученым. Прекрасным свидетельством почитания знания народом является «Кутадгу Билиг» - произведение Юсуфа Баласагуни, которое автор неслучайно назвал «Благодатным знанием». Сегодня «Билиг» отвечает на
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