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JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA Arktisen Suomen Pitkä Historia
Maria Lähteenmäki JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja 8 / 2017 Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja 8/2017 Maria Lähteenmäki Jälkiä lumessa Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Tietolaatikot: Sirpa Aalto, Alfred Colpaert, Annette Forsén, Henna Haapala, Hannu Halinen, Kristiina Kalleinen, Irmeli Mustalahti, Päivi Maria Pihlaja, Jukka Tuhkuri ja Pasi Tuunainen Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Helsinki 2017 Valtioneuvoston kanslia ISBN Nid.: 978-952-287-377-4 Etukannen kuva: Tutkimusmatkailija, professori Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld 1890-luvulla. Käyntikorttikuva. Kuvaaja Carl Lundelius, Tukholma. Lähde: Museovirasto. Taitto: Julkaisutiimi, valtioneuvoston hallintoyksikkö Suomi100-juhlavuosihanke (vnk.fi/suomi100) @ Kirjoittajat ja valtioneuvoston kanslia Helsinki 2017 Kuvailulehti Julkaisija Valtioneuvoston kanslia 9.6.2017 Tekijät Maria Lähteenmäki Julkaisun nimi Jälkiä lumessa. Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Julkaisusarjan nimi Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja ja numero 8/2017 ISBN painettu 978-952-287-377-4 ISSN painettu 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-378-1 ISSN PDF 1799-7828 URN-osoite URN:ISBN:978-952-287-378-1 Sivumäärä 204 Kieli suomi Asiasanat Arktinen politiikka, Pohjoisuus, Suomi, historia Tiivistelmä Suomen maantieteellinen paikka ja historia Euroopan pohjoisessa, pääosin 60 ja 70 pohjoisen leveysasteen välissä, kuvaa sen arktista asemaa ja luonnetta selkeimmillään. Monisataisen historiansa näkökulmasta katsottuna Arktisuus ja Pohjoisuus eivät kuitenkaan ole koskaan tulleet kirjatuksi Suomena -
Hungarologische Beiträge 18, 2006
HUNGAROLOGISCHE BEITRÄGE 18 BRIDGE BUILDING AND POLITICAL CULTURES Political Cultures in Urho Kekkonen’s Finland and János Kádár’s Hungary Heino NYYSSÖNEN 1 Introduction Comparing Finland and Hungary is a fruitful task despite the ap- parent historical differences: after the Second World War the for- mer remained a democracy whilst the latter became a dictatorship. Also their relation to their greatest and most powerful neighbour, Soviet Union, seems to be different. Hungary belonged to the same military pact as the Soviet Union, but Finland’s foreign pol- icy was based on the idea of neutrality. However, the difference between the most eastern country of the West and the most west- ern country of the East is not that evident. According to an old standpoint Finns and Hungarians are re- latives and with special relationship. We can, however, doubt that the structural similarities in language and common roots 6,000 years ago hardly make sense, when we study recent po- litical culture. Rather than ‘kinship’ the concept of national in- terest gained a more important role in mutual co-operation af- ter 1945. Nevertheless, maintaining the old idea of a relation- ship, defined as ‘scientific truth’, made communication easier between these two nations. Already in the end of the 1960s Hungary had most connections with Finland among capitalist countries. In Europe Finland became a forerunner also in the 1970s, when visa between the two countries was abolished. The purpose of this article is to compare political cultures in Finland and Hungary during the Urho Kekkonen and János Kádár era. The critical question is, what kind of results we can get, 13 HEINO NYYSSÖNEN when we compare these two countries to each other and not to their ‘traditional’ frames i.e. -
Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO As Security Organisations
POST-NEUTRAL OR PRE-ALLIED? Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO as Security Organisations Tapani Vaahtoranta Faculty Member Geneva Center for Security Policy email: [email protected] Tuomas Forsberg Director Finnish Institute of International Affairs email: [email protected] Working Papers 29 (2000) Ulkopoliittinen instituutti (UPI) The Finnish Institute of International Affairs Tapani Vaahtoranta - Tuomas Forsberg POST-NEUTRAL OR PRE-ALLIED? Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO as Security Organisations This report was made possible by NATO Research Fellowships Programme 1998/2000. We would also like to thank Niklas Forsström for his contribution in preparing the report as well as Jan Hyllander and Hanna Ojanen for comments on earlier drafts. We are also grateful to Fredrik Vahlquist of the Swedish Embassy in Helsinki and Pauli Järvenpää of the Finnish Representation to NATO who were helpful in organizing our fact finding trips to Stockholm in November 1999 and to Brussels in April 2000. Finally, Kirsi Reyes, Timo Brock and Mikko Metsämäki helped to finalise this Working Paper. 2 Contents Finland and Sweden: Twins, Sisters, or Cousins? 3 The Past: Neutrals or “Neutrals”? 7 Deeds: The Line Drawn 14 Words: The Line Explained 19 The Debate: The Line Challenged 27 Public Opinion: The Line Supported 34 The Future Line 37 3 Finland and Sweden: Twins, Sisters, or Cousins? At the beginning of the 21st century – a decade after the end of the Cold War – two major developments characterise the transformation of the European security landscape. The first development is the NATO enlargement and its evolving strategic concept that was applied in the Kosovo conflict. -
From Personality Cult Figure to Camp Image – the Case of President Urho Kekkonen
From personality cult figure to camp image – the case of President Urho Kekkonen Tuuli Lähdesmäki , University of Jyväskylä, Finland Volume 6, Issue 1 (May 2009) Abstract Former Finnish President Urho Kekkonen (1900-1986) has two debated monuments in Finland. The debates surrounding these monuments contain intense rhetoric which indicates a particular sentiment towards Kekkonen. This attitude is described in the article in terms of cultic discourse. During the first monument project at the end of the 1980s, Kekkonen was still broadly seen as an official political icon, which was approached through personality cultic discourse. The second monument was executed in 2000 after large critical debates over the Kekkonen era and his persona. As a result of these debates, the cultic discourse transformed its traits – Kekkonen was consciously seen as a mythological figure whose features could be exaggerated, ironized and turned into hilarious stories. In the postmodern atmosphere of the turn of the millennium, the figure of Kekkonen was even aestheticized as camp. This article explains how the cultic discourse about Kekkonen has changed in Finland during the past two decades. Keywords: personality cult, cultic discourse, camp, monument, Urho Kekkonen, Finland Cultic discourse in monument debates Erecting a monument for the commemoration of a person is a practice which frequently produces public discussions on the meanings of the monument. Sometimes the monuments even cause severe debates, in which people are only seemingly talking about the monument -
FOOTPRINTS in the SNOW the Long History of Arctic Finland
Maria Lähteenmäki FOOTPRINTS IN THE SNOW The Long History of Arctic Finland Prime Minister’s Office Publications 12 / 2017 Prime Minister’s Office Publications 12/2017 Maria Lähteenmäki Footprints in the Snow The Long History of Arctic Finland Info boxes: Sirpa Aalto, Alfred Colpaert, Annette Forsén, Henna Haapala, Hannu Halinen, Kristiina Kalleinen, Irmeli Mustalahti, Päivi Maria Pihlaja, Jukka Tuhkuri, Pasi Tuunainen English translation by Malcolm Hicks Prime Minister’s Office, Helsinki 2017 Prime Minister’s Office ISBN print: 978-952-287-428-3 Cover: Photograph on the visiting card of the explorer Professor Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. Taken by Carl Lundelius in Stockholm in the 1890s. Courtesy of the National Board of Antiquities. Layout: Publications, Government Administration Department Finland 100’ centenary project (vnk.fi/suomi100) @ Writers and Prime Minister’s Office Helsinki 2017 Description sheet Published by Prime Minister’s Office June 9 2017 Authors Maria Lähteenmäki Title of Footprints in the Snow. The Long History of Arctic Finland publication Series and Prime Minister’s Office Publications publication number 12/2017 ISBN (printed) 978-952-287-428-3 ISSN (printed) 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-429-0 ISSN (PDF) 1799-7828 Website address URN:ISBN:978-952-287-429-0 (URN) Pages 218 Language English Keywords Arctic policy, Northernness, Finland, history Abstract Finland’s geographical location and its history in the north of Europe, mainly between the latitudes 60 and 70 degrees north, give the clearest description of its Arctic status and nature. Viewed from the perspective of several hundred years of history, the Arctic character and Northernness have never been recorded in the development plans or government programmes for the area that later became known as Finland in as much detail as they were in Finland’s Arctic Strategy published in 2010. -
Writing of a Different Class? the First 120 Years of Working-Class Fiction in Finland
Writing of a Different Class? The First 120 years of Working-Class Fiction in Finland Elsi Hyttinen & Kati Launis In 1976, the magazine Suomen Kuvalehti published a feature item with the title “Pirkko Saisio’s introspection: We are still waiting for the great working-class author.” In the article, the young debut novelist reasons that “A working-class author is an author who depicts working people and their endeavours from the point of view of a worker. As for me, for the time being I lack both the political awareness and the first-hand knowledge of a present-day worker’s life and mindset required of a person who should wish to call themselves a working-class author” (Saisio, 1976). Pirkko Saisio’s novel Elämänmeno [The Course of Life] (1975) follows its protagonist, Marja, from childhood to early adult- hood, with a class awakening as the central focus. Together with a fierce-tempered mother and a good-natured stepfather, Marja lives in a bedsit in Kallio, a distinctly working-class neighborhood in the Finnish capital, Helsinki. Saisio chose to locate Marja in a milieu of which she had first-hand knowledge; the author herself had lived in Kallio the first few years of her life, before moving to a new, respectably middle-class suburban housing development in the eastern outskirts of the city. Saisio was already a theater school-trained actor at the moment of the novel’s launching, but the novel’s public was eager to see the protagonist as her alter ego. This is a curious phenomenon, perhaps explained by the fact that, in the 1970s, most of the reading public would have defined a working-class author the same way as Saisio herself does in the citation above. -
From Silence to Historical Consciousness the Holocaust and WWII in Finnish History Politics
From Silence to Historical Consciousness The Holocaust and WWII in Finnish History Politics ANTERO HOLMILA JOUNI TILLI ABSTRACT: Despite the fact that there are similar trajectories and turning points between Finland’s and other European countries’ responses to the Holocaust, it is still the case that trends in Holocaust studies and key debates within the field have had less impact on Finnish understanding of the Holocaust than one might suspect. Instead, as this article examines, the way in which Finland’s Holocaust awareness has been developing since the end of the war in general, and in the 2000s in particular, has been intimately linked with the Finnish understanding of its own role in WWII. This tendency was most clearly illustrated in the controversy that took place during 2003 and 2004 with the publication of Elina Sana’s book Luovutetut [The Extradited]. RÉSUMÉ : Malgré le fait qu’il existe des trajectoires et points-clés similaires entre la réponse de la Finlande et les réponses des autres pays européens à l’Holocauste, elle demeure le cas en vogue dans les études de l’Holocauste, et les débats-clés au sein de ce champ d’études ont eu moins d’impact sur la compréhension finlandaise de l’Holocauste que l’on pourrait le soupçonner. À la place, tel que l’examine cet article, la façon dont s’est développée la conscience finlandaise de l’Holocauste depuis la fin de la guerre en général, et dans les années 2000, en particulier, a été intimement liée à la compréhension finlandaise de son propre rôle dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale. -
Working Papers 24 (2000)
A friend in need or a friend indeed? Finnish perceptions of Germanys role in the EU and Europe Tuomas Forsberg Director The Finnish Institute of International Affairs [email protected] Working Papers 24 (2000) Ulkopoliittinen instituutti (UPI) The Finnish Institute of International Affairs A FRIEND IN NEED OR A FRIEND INDEED? FINNISH PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY’S ROLE IN THE EU AND EUROPE Tuomas Forsberg I would like to thank Petri Hakkarainen, Seppo Hentilä, Hannes Saarinen, Uwe Schmalz, Kristina Spohr and Pekka Visuri for helpful comments and background material as well as Ambassador Arto Mansala and Minister- Councellor Aristide E. Fenster for illuminating discussions on the subject. The paper is prepared for a project on ”Germany’s new European Policy” conducted by Institut für Europäische Politik. 1 CONTENTS Introduction: Finland's Positive View of Germany 2 The World Wars: The “Myth” of Germany as the Saviour of Finland 4 Division of Germany and the Cold War: ”Turning the Back” 5 German Unification and European Integration: Common Interests or Renewed Bandwagoning? 7 Berliner Republik: Storms in a Glass of Water? 13 Future Expectations: More Contacts, More Friction? 16 2 Introduction: Finland's Positive View of Germany Finland is often seen as a country whose view of Germany has traditionally been more positive than that of the average of the European countries. According to an opinion poll that was conducted in 1996, 42 % of the Finns have a positive view, 47 % a neutral and only 6 % a negative view of Germany and Germans.1 This positive attitude is not only a result of the large amount of cultural and trade contacts or societal similarities, shared Lutheran religion and German roots of Finnish political thinking but derives also from the historical experience that Germany has been willing to help Finland in bad times. -
Cultural Trauma of the Civil War of 1918 Staged and Commemorated in Finland
NORDIC THEATRE STUDIES Vol. 31, No. 2. 2019, 102–131 Cultural Trauma of the Civil War of 1918 Staged and Commemorated in Finland PENTTI PAAVOLAINEN ABSTRACT: The Centennial of one of the cruelest of European civil wars fought in Finland between the Reds and the Whites from January to May 1918 has evoked a spectrum of theatre productions illustrating variations of styles and approaches on the events. The turn in the treatment of this cultural trauma occurred with the interpretations and narrative perspectives that were fixed in the 1960s, when an understanding for the defeated Red side was expressed in historiography, literature and theatre. Since that, the last six decades the Finnish theatre and public discourse on the Civil War have been dominated by the Red narrative as the memory of the 1918 Civil War provided an important part in the new identity politics for the 1969 generation. Since the 1980’s the topic was mostly put aside so that before the 2018 revivals of the Civil War topic, the productions seem to have been reactions by the artists confronting the developments at the end of the Cold War. Some theatrical events can even be tied to the cultural trauma of the 1969 left evoked by the collapse of the socialist block. The Centennial productions repeated the Red narrative but they also provided more balanced interpretations on the tragic events. KEYWORDS Civil War, Finland 1918, Revolution in Finland, War of Independence in Finland, War representations in theatre, political narratives in theatre, cultural trauma, Piotr Sztompka, -
Juhlakirjaan
ELÄMÄÄ VARTEN Elämää varten Helsingin aikuisopiston 50-vuotisjuhlakirja Koonnut ja toimittanut Urpo Kallio Ulkoasu ja taitto Antero Airos Kansi Kimmo Tolin Liitteen kaaviot Kaisa Kainulainen Kuvien skannaus Hamid Mortazavi Translation in English Rod Dowling Valokuvat Aktiivi-Instituutti Elämää varten -juhlakirjan kirjoittajat Helsingin aikuisopisto Helsingin aikuisopiston henkilöstö Anne Nisula Stig Nordvik Toimihenkilöarkisto Toimihenkilökeskusjärjestö STTK ry Valkeakoski-opisto © Kirjoittajat ja Helsingin aikuisopisto 2011 Paino: Saarijärven Offset Oy ISBN 978-952-92-9221-9 (sid.) ISBN 978-952-92-9222-6 (PDF) ELÄMÄÄ VARTEN Helsingin aikuisopisto – historiaa ja tarinoita Koonnut Urpo Kallio SISÄLLYS Alkusanat Mikko Mäenpää Helsingin aikuisopisto – 50 vuotta elämää varten. 7 Martti Markkanen Helsingin aikuisopisto laadun kehittämisen edelläkävijä. 8 Urpo Kallio Teoksen toimittajan alkusanat. 9 Foreword Mikko Mäenpää The Institute of Adult Education in Helsinki – 50 years of learning for life and lifelong learning . 10 Martti Markkanen The Institute of Adult Education in Helsinki: a trailblazer in the field of quality development. 11 Urpo Kallio The history of the Institute in brief. 12 Urpo Kallio OPISTON VIISI VUOSIKYMMENTÄ 1960-LUKU 25 Syntyvaiheet . 26 Lukio-opetus painopiste-alueena alkuvuosina . 26 Oman toimitalon valmistuminen ja toiminnan laajeneminen. .28 Arviointia. .31 50 vuotta – 50 lehtileikettä . 32 Uuno Peltoniemi, opiston ensimmäinen rehtori. 36 Opiston historia vuosittain – mitä muualla on tapahtunut. 42 1970-LUKU 45 Opetuksen kasvu. .46 Henkilöresurssien lisääntyminen. 47 Suunnitelmallisen kehittämisen käynnistyminen . .50 Arviointia . .51 50 vuotta – 50 lehtileikettä . 52 Aimo Purhonen, opiston toinen rehtori. 55 Opiston historia vuosittain – mitä muualla on tapahtunut. 62 1980-LUKU 65 Henkilömuutoksia. 66 Suunnitelmallinen kehittäminen pysyväksi toiminnaksi. .66 Kansalaisopisto-opetus monipuolisemmaksi. 69 Opettajien koulutuksen laajentuminen . 70 Opiston rooli harjoitteluopistona. -
Lived Nation As the History of Experiences and Emotions In
PALGRAVE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF EXPERIENCE Lived Nation as the History of Experiences and Emotions in Finland, – Edited by Ville Kivimäki Sami Suodenjoki · Tanja Vahtikari Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience Series Editors Pirjo Markkola Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland Raisa Maria Toivo Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland Ville Kivimäki Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland This series, a collaboration between Palgrave Macmillan and the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in the History of Experience (HEX) at Tampere University, will publish works on the histories of experience across historical time and global space. History of experience means, for the series, individual, social, and collective experiences as historically conditioned phenomena. ‘Experience’ refers here to a theoretically and methodologically conceptualized study of human experiences in the past, not to any study of ‘authentic’ or ‘essentialist’ experiences. More precisely, the series will offer a forum for the historical study of human experiencing, i.e. of the varying preconditions, factors, and possibilities shaping past experiences. Furthermore, the series will study the human institutions, communities, and the systems of belief, knowledge, and meaning as based on accumulated (and often conficting) experiences. The aim of the series is to deepen the methodology and conceptualiza- tion of the history of lived experiences, going beyond essentialism. As the series editors see it, the history of experience can provide a bridge between structures, ideology, and individual agency, which has been a diffcult gap to close for historians and sociologists. The approach opens doors to see, study, and explain historical experiences as a social fact, which again offers new insights on society. -
FSD3062 Finnish Attitudes to Immigration: Suomen Kuvalehti
FSD3062 Finnish Attitudes to Immigration: Suomen Kuvalehti Survey 2015 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Attitudes to Immigration: Suomen Kuvalehti Survey 2015 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2020. This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (17.7.2018) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ $ Koodikirjoitin.py v37 @ 2020-12-09 13:32:49.601000 $ To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD3062 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Taloustutkimus: Finnish Attitudes to Immigration: Suomen Kuvalehti Survey 2015 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-07-17). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distrib- utor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3062 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.