JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA Arktisen Suomen Pitkä Historia

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JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA Arktisen Suomen Pitkä Historia Maria Lähteenmäki JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja 8 / 2017 Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja 8/2017 Maria Lähteenmäki Jälkiä lumessa Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Tietolaatikot: Sirpa Aalto, Alfred Colpaert, Annette Forsén, Henna Haapala, Hannu Halinen, Kristiina Kalleinen, Irmeli Mustalahti, Päivi Maria Pihlaja, Jukka Tuhkuri ja Pasi Tuunainen Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Helsinki 2017 Valtioneuvoston kanslia ISBN Nid.: 978-952-287-377-4 Etukannen kuva: Tutkimusmatkailija, professori Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld 1890-luvulla. Käyntikorttikuva. Kuvaaja Carl Lundelius, Tukholma. Lähde: Museovirasto. Taitto: Julkaisutiimi, valtioneuvoston hallintoyksikkö Suomi100-juhlavuosihanke (vnk.fi/suomi100) @ Kirjoittajat ja valtioneuvoston kanslia Helsinki 2017 Kuvailulehti Julkaisija Valtioneuvoston kanslia 9.6.2017 Tekijät Maria Lähteenmäki Julkaisun nimi Jälkiä lumessa. Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia Julkaisusarjan nimi Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja ja numero 8/2017 ISBN painettu 978-952-287-377-4 ISSN painettu 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-378-1 ISSN PDF 1799-7828 URN-osoite URN:ISBN:978-952-287-378-1 Sivumäärä 204 Kieli suomi Asiasanat Arktinen politiikka, Pohjoisuus, Suomi, historia Tiivistelmä Suomen maantieteellinen paikka ja historia Euroopan pohjoisessa, pääosin 60 ja 70 pohjoisen leveysasteen välissä, kuvaa sen arktista asemaa ja luonnetta selkeimmillään. Monisataisen historiansa näkökulmasta katsottuna Arktisuus ja Pohjoisuus eivät kuitenkaan ole koskaan tulleet kirjatuksi Suomena sittemmin tunnetun alueen kehityssuunnitelmiin tai hallitusohjelmiin niin seikkaperäisesti kuin mitä tapahtui vuonna 2010 julkaistussa Suomen Arktisessa Strategiassa. Kansainvälisen geopoliittisen ja taloudellisen käänteen seurauksena Suomikin on siirtynyt lähemmäksi Arktista. Samalla suomalaiset ovat vähin erin hyväksyneet Pohjoisuuden osaksi alueellista ja kansallista identiteettiään. Teoksessa esitellään ja arvioidaan Suomen Pohjoista luonnetta pitkällä historiallisella aikajänteellä. Tekstit painottuvat siihen, miten Pohjoisuus on näkynyt yhtäältä tieteenteossa ja toisaalta poliittisissa puheissa ja käytännöissä. Vuonna 2017 sata vuotta täyttävä itsenäinen Suomi haluaa olla arktisen alueen aktiivinen toimija. Se pyrkii hakemaan Pohjoisesta kasvua, kilpailukykyä ja työllisyyttä arktista ympäristöä kunnioittaen. Tietokirjan kirjoittajat ovat omien alojensa Pohjoisuuden asiantuntijoita eri yliopistoista ja valtionhallinnosta. Kustantaja Valtioneuvoston kanslia Painopaikka ja Lönnberg Print & Promo, 2017 vuosi Julkaisun myynti/ Sähköinen versio: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi jakaja Julkaisumyynti: julkaisutilaukset.valtioneuvosto.fi Presentationsblad Utgivare Statsrådets kansli 9.6.2017 Författare Maria Lähteenmäki Publikationens Spår i snön. Det arktiska Finlands långa historia titel (Jälkiä lumessa. Arktisen Suomen pitkä historia) Publikationsseriens Statsrådets kanslis publikationsserie namn och nummer 8/2017 ISBN tryckt 978-952-287-377-4 ISSN tryckt 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-378-1 ISSN PDF 1799-7828 URN-adress URN:ISBN:978-952-287-378-1 Sidantal 204 Språk finska Nyckelord Arktisk politik, det nordliga läget, Finland, historia Referat Finlands geografiska läge, huvudsakligen mellan 60:e och 70:e breddgraden, och historia i det nordliga Europa beskriver bäst dess arktiska ställning och karaktär. Med hänsyn till sin månghundraåriga historia har den arktiska dimensionen och det nordliga läget för det område som senare blev känt som Finland likväl inte tidigare dokumenterats i utvecklingsplanerna eller regeringsprogrammen lika detaljerat som i Finlands arktiska strategi, som publicerades 2010. Som en följd av den internationella geopolitiska och ekonomiska vändningen har också Finland förskjutits närmare Arktis. Samtidigt har finländarna så småningom godkänt det nordliga läget till en del av sin regionala och nationella identitet. I verket presenteras och utvärderas Finlands nordliga karaktär under en lång historisk tidsrymd. Texterna fokuserar på hur det nordliga läget har synts dels inom vetenskapen, dels i den politiska retoriken och praxisen. Det självständiga Finland, som fyller hundra år 2017, vill vara en aktiv aktör i den arktiska regionen. Från den nordliga verksamheten söker Finland tillväxt, konkurrenskraft och sysselsättning med respekt för den arktiska miljön. Skribenterna, som jobbar vid olika universitet eller inom statsförvaltningen, är specialister på de nordliga områdena inom sina respektive branscher. Förläggare Statsrådets kansli Tryckort och år Lönnberg Print & Promo, 2017 Beställningar/ Elektronisk version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi distribution Beställningar: julkaisutilaukset.valtioneuvosto.fi Description sheet Published by Prime Minister’s Office June 9 2017 Authors Maria Lähteenmäki Title of Footprints in the Snow. The Long History of Arctic Finland publication Series and Prime Minister’s Office Publications publication number 8/2017 ISBN (printed) 978-952-287-377-4 ISSN (printed) 0782-6028 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-378-1 ISSN (PDF) 1799-7828 Website address URN:ISBN:978-952-287-378-1 (URN) Pages 204 Language Finnish Keywords Arctic policy, Northernness, Finland, history Abstract Finland’s geographical location and its history in the north of Europe, mainly between the latitudes 60 and 70 degrees north, give the clearest description of its Arctic status and nature. Viewed from the perspective of several hundred years of history, the Arctic character and Northernness have never been recorded in the development plans or government programmes for the area that later became known as Finland in as much detail as they were in Finland’s Arctic Strategy published in 2010. As a consequence of international geopolitical and economic turns Finland has also moved closer to the Arctic. At the same time, Finns have gradually accepted Northernness as part of their regional and national identity. The work presents and evaluates Finland’s Northern nature over a long historical time span. The texts focus on how Northernness has been seen, on the one hand in scientific work, and on the other in political speeches and practices. Finland, which will have been independent for one hundred years in 2017, wants to be an active operator in the Arctic region. It is looking to the North for growth, competitiveness and employment while respecting the Arctic environment. The writers of this reference book are experts in Northernness in their respective fields and come from different universities and central government. Publisher Prime Minister’s Office Printed by Lönnberg Print & Promo, 2017 (place and time) Publication sales/ Online version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi Distributed by Publication sales: julkaisutilaukset.valtioneuvosto.fi VALTIONEUVOSTON KANSLIAN JULKAISUSARJA 8/2017 JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA. ARKTISEN SUOMEN PITKÄ HISTORIA JÄLKIÄ LUMESSA. ARKTISEN SUOMEN PITKÄ HISTORIA Sisällys Johdanto: Suomen kylmäosaamisen pitkä historia ................................................... 9 1 Pohjoisen vastustamaton kutsu ............................................................................................... 19 Syvän menneisyyden merkkitulet ............................................................................................................... 21 Pohjola on pakkasen kotimaa ........................................................................................................................... 26 Arktinen politiikka alkaa hahmottua .......................................................................................................... 30 Kansainvälistyvä valistusajan tiede ............................................................................................................ 34 Sirpa Aalto: Suomalaiset saagoissa ............................................................................................................... 23 2 Katseet Jäämerelle ja Siperiaan ............................................................................................... 40 Tiede kurkottaa pohjoisen kautta itään .................................................................................................. 42 Kalevalan Pohjola .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Alaskan kuvernööri ....................................................................................................................................................... 48 Arktisilla vesillä ja Kuolassa ................................................................................................................................... 53 Lapin luonnonvarat käyttöön ............................................................................................................................ 56 Jäämerenalueen tutkimus politisoituu ................................................................................................... 62 Kristiina Kalleinen: Maan mainiot Nordenskiöldit ............................................................................ 49 Päivi Maria Pihlaja: Revontulet liittävät Suomen Arktikseen ................................................... 58 3 Suomi arktisena rantavaltiona ................................................................................................. 66 Petsamo Suomelle 1918 ja 1920 ..................................................................................................................... 67 Kolosjoen kaivoskylä tundralla .......................................................................................................................
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