DOCSLIB.ORG

November 2002, Vol. 28 No. 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
November 2002, Vol. 28 No. 4 Contents Letters: Bad River encounter; Crimson Bluffs 2 From the Directors: Spreading the word in Two Med country 3 From the Bicentennial Council: L&C from different perspectives 4 Trail Notes: Eyes and ears along the Lewis & Clark Trail 6 Tales of the Variegated Bear 8 The captains scoffed at the Mandans’ reports of its ferocity — until they tangled with the “turrible” beast on the high Missouri By Kenneth C. Walcheck Grizzlies, p. 8 Meriwether Lewis’s Air Gun 15 His pneumatic wonder amazed the Indians — but was it a single shot weapon or, as new evidence suggests, a repeater? By Michael F. Carrick Neatness Mattered 22 Hair, beards, and the Corps of Discovery By Robert J. Moore, Jr. The Utmost Reaches of the Missouri 29 Two latter-day explorers describe their quest for the river’s “distant fountain,” 100 miles southeast of Lemhi Pass By Donald F. Nell and Anthony Demetriades Reviews 34 Gunmaker Isaiah Lukens, p. 15 Lewis and Clark among the Grizzlies; Or Perish in the Attempt In Brief: Wheeler, McMurtry, Gass, Best Little Stories L&C Roundup 38 New leadership; kudos; President Bush on Corps of Discovery Gary Moulton’s White House remarks 44 Annual meeting photo spread: Louisville, July 2002 48 On the cover John F. Clymer’s painting Hasty Retreat dramatically depicts one of the many encounters between members of the Corps of Discovery and grizzly bears on the upper Missouri. For more on the explorers’ travails with the variegated bear, see Kenneth Walcheck’s article beginning on page 8 and the review of Paul Schullery’s new book on page 34. Courtesy Doris Clymer and The Clymer Museum of Art. Hair and beards, p. 22 November 2002 We Proceeded On ! 1 Letters Bad River encounter; Crimson Bluffs I must take issue with parts of Dr. James ing to avoid war with Great Britain, the November 2002 • Volume 28, Number 4 Ronda’s article “Tough Times at the Bad” era’s superpower, while also dealing with We Proceeded On is the official publication of (WPO, May 2002). party politics, judicial review, westward the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, The article is about the Teton (Lakota) expansion, slavery, federalism versus Inc. Its name derives from a phrase that appears Sioux. As sources for this article and for states rights, and many other heated is- repeatedly in the collective journals of the his account of the Bad River encounter sues of the day. expedition. 2002 in his 1984 book, Lewis and Clark among SAM BLOBERG E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder the Indians, Ronda relies mainly on the Evergreen, Colo. ISSN 02275-6706 explorers’ journals, other contemporary writings by white traders, and articles by Editor modern scholars. Missing, apparently, are J. I. Merritt oral histories handed down by the Teton 51 N. Main Street Sioux themselves. In the absence of such Pennington, NJ 08534 sources, much of what he has to say about 609-818-0168 [email protected] the Indians’ attitudes, motivations, and politics remains speculative. Art Direction I also question Ronda’s view that the Margaret Davis Design Princeton, New Jersey captains didn’t know what they were do- ing during this episode and came off badly Printed by James-Allan Printing & Design, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania as a result. He writes, for example, that The Crimson Bluffs “Compared to these Lakotas, Lewis and Clark were country boys in the hands of Editorial Board Missouri River site dedicated real sharpies.” It seems to me, however, Gary E. Moulton, Leader that it was Clark who gained the most by As president of the Crimson Bluffs Chap- Lincoln, Nebraska not backing down, by not giving in as ter I want to thank WPO for its coverage Robert C. Carriker Black Buffalo did, and by not allowing the of our successful efforts to protect the Spokane, Washington Sioux to control the situation. Crimson Bluffs, a Land and Clark land- Robert K. Doerk, Jr. Ronda would have us believe that mark on the upper Missouri (L&C Fort Benton, Montana Lewis and Clark were dunces who Roundup, May 2002). Glen Lindeman bumbled and stumbled through their ad- Readers may be interested to know Pullman, Washington venture with no idea about the world they that we dedicated the 50-acre site on July entered. This may be true to some extent, 27. Undaunted by rain, approximately Membership Information but it is also true that the Corps of Dis- 150 people from Broadwater County and covery met dozens of tribes representing other parts of Montana arrived under Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail many languages and cultures, and in the cloudy skies to take part in the com- Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the public. Information and applications are available by vast majority of those encounters the ex- memoration and to view the “remarkable writing Membership Coordinator; Lewis and plorers succeeded in fostering remarkable bluff of a crimson coloured earth,” as Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P.O. Box relationships. Much of the credit goes to Lewis described it on July 24, 1805. En- 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403. the friendliness of the Indians themselves, hancing the festivities were a bald eagle We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine of but Lewis and Clark and the American and a flight of white pelicans gliding over the Foundation, is mailed to current members ideals they represented also deserve the river. in February, May, August, and November. credit. Few explorers fared as well. Today, the Crimson Bluffs are as beau- Finally, I dispute Ronda’s assertion tiful as they were when the Corps of Dis- Annual Membership Categories that in 1804, “the politics of the northern covery passed them nearly 200 years ago, Student $30 Great Plains was every bit as complex as and now that they are in public owner- Individual/Library/Nonprofit $40 the politics of Washington, D.C.” This ship they will remain in a pristine state Family/International/Business $55 statement is apologia, not scholarship. for future generations. We are grateful to Heritage Club $75 Explorer Club $150 How could the politics of Plains Indians, everyone who helped us celebrate this Jefferson Club $250 numbering in the tens of thousands, pos- special occasion. Discovery Club $500 sibly be as complex as those of a new and ROSE OLESON Expedition Club $1,000 evolving democracy of 5.5 million Townsend, Mont. Leadership Club $2,500 people? I know that the tribes, threatened by white encroachment, were dealing WPO welcomes letters. We may edit them The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. is a tax-exempt nonprofit corporation. Individual with many pressing matters in a rapidly for length, accuracy, clarity, and civility. membership dues are not tax deductible. The portion changing context. But on the banks of the Send them to us c/o Editor, WPO, 51 N. Main of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. Potomac, Lewis’s mentor, Thomas Jeffer- St., Pennington, NJ 08534 (e-mail: wpo@ son, was fighting Barbary pirates and try- lewisandclark.org). 2 ! We Proceeded On November 2002 From the Directors The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. Spreading the word in Two Med country P.O.B. 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 406-454-1234 / 1-888-701-3434 just spent the evening with a tennial kickoff in January or in Phila- Fax: 406-771-9237 wonderful group from the Phoe- delphia next August for the Foun- www.lewisandclark.org I nix, Arizona, area. They come ev- dation’s annual meeting. The mission of the LCTHF is to ery year to spend a peaceful week at Their visit also presented the oppor- stimulate public appreciation of the Rising Wolf, a guest ranch on the south tunity to talk about tribal relations and Lewis and Clark Expedition’s fork of Two Medicine River owned by the good work being done by the Bi- contributions to America’s heritage and our old friends Jim and centennial Council’s to support education, research, development, and preservation of the Patti Stewart. Jim and I Council of Tribal Advi- Lewis and Clark experience. have talked around the sors (COTA) to ensure Officers ranch’s dinner table on that tribal lands and cul- President many a long evening tures along the L&C Larry Epstein about my long love affair Trail are respected. I Cut Bank, Mont. with the story of Lewis made a point of remind- President-Elect and Clark, my work ing them that the entire Ron Laycock with the Foundation, evening of our tour was Benson, Minn. and my participation in spent on the Blackfeet Vice-President the upcoming L&C Bi- Reservation. In addition Gordon Julich centennial. When he asked if I’d mind to exploring the Fight Site we looked Blue Springs, Mo. taking these folks on a tour of “Two at tipi rings and a pushkin (buffalo Secretary Med” country and the site of Camp jump). We also talked about the criti- Jane Schmoyer-Weber Disappointment, where Meriwether cal importance of maintaining good re- Great Falls, Mont. Lewis had his fateful encounter with a lations with the tribal members and the Treasurer group of Indians (either Blackfeet or ranchers whose property we crossed to Steven G. Lee Clarkston, Wash. Gros Ventres of the Prairie), I jumped get to these sites. at the chance. Immediate Past President Jane Henley My interaction with Jim and Patti’s Taking the message to others Keswick, Va. guests brings into focus what so many It was the kind of evening that is surely members of the Lewis and Clark Trail repeated nearly every day somewhere Executive Director Heritage Foundation do routinely as along the Lewis and Clark Trail—a tell- Carol A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • James Wilkinson and John Brown Letters to James Morrison
    James Wilkinson and John Brown letters to James Morrison Descriptive Summary Repository: Georgia Historical Society Creator: Brown, John, 1757-1837. Creator: Wilkinson, James, 1757-1825. Title: James Wilkinson and John Brown letters to James Morrison Dates: 1808-1818 Extent: 0.05 cubic feet (1 folder) Identification: MS 0577 Biographical/Historical Note James Morrison (1755-1823) was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War and served as a navy agent and officer for the Quartermaster general. In 1791 he married Esther Montgomery; reportedly they had no children. In 1792 Morrison moved to Kentucky where he became wealthy as a manufacturer and merchant of hemp. He bequeathed money for the founding of Transylvania University in Kentucky. John Brown (1757 -1837), American lawyer and statesman heavily involved with creating the State of Kentucky. James Wilkinson (1757-1825). Following the Revolutionary War, Wilkinson moved to Kentucky, where he worked to gain its statehood. In 1787 Wilkinson became a traitor and began a long-lasting relationship as a secret agent of Spain. After Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana from Napoleon Bonaparte, Wilkinson was named territorial governor of northern Louisiana. He also served as the commander in chief of the U.S. Army. Scope and Content Note This collection consists of two unrelated letters addressed to James Morrison, the first from James Wilkinson, the second is believed to be from John Brown. Index Terms Brown, John, 1757-1837. Land tenure. Letters (correspondence) Morrison, James. United States. Army. Quartermaster's Department. Wilkinson, James, 1757-1825. Administrative Information Custodial History Unknown. Preferred Citation [item identification], James Wilkinson and John Brown letters to John Morrison, MS 577, Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambition Graphic Organizer
    Ambition Graphic Organizer Directions: Make a list of three examples in stories or movies of characters who were ambitious to serve the larger good and three who pursued their own self-interested ambition. Then complete the rest of the chart. Self-Sacrificing or Self-Serving Evidence Character Movie/Book/Story Ambition? (What did they do?) 1. Self-Sacrificing 2. Self-Sacrificing 3. Self-Sacrificing 1. Self-Serving 2. Self-Serving 3. Self-Serving HEROES & VILLAINS: THE QUEST FOR CIVIC VIRTUE AMBITION Aaron Burr and Ambition any historical figures, and characters in son, the commander of the U.S. Army and a se- Mfiction, have demonstrated great ambition cret double-agent in the pay of the king of Spain. and risen to become important leaders as in politics, The two met privately in Burr’s boardinghouse and the military, and civil society. Some people such as pored over maps of the West. They planned to in- Roman statesman, Cicero, George Washington, and vade and conquer Spanish territories. Martin Luther King, Jr., were interested in using The duplicitous Burr also met secretly with British their position of authority to serve the republic, minister Anthony Merry to discuss a proposal to promote justice, and advance the common good separate the Louisiana Territory and western states with a strong moral vision. Others, such as Julius from the Union, and form an independent western Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Adolf Hitler were confederacy. Though he feared “the profligacy of often swept up in their ambitions to serve their own Mr. Burr’s character,” Merry was intrigued by the needs of seizing power and keeping it, personal proposal since the British sought the failure of the glory, and their own self-interest.
    [Show full text]
  • A Replica of the Stretch Clock Recently Reinstated at the West End of Independence Hall
    A replica of the Stretch clock recently reinstated at the west end of Independence Hall. (Photograph taken by the author in summer of 197J.) THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY The Stretch Qlock and its "Bell at the State House URING the spring of 1973, workmen completed the construc- tion of a replica of a large clock dial and masonry clock D case at the west end of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, the original of which had been installed there in 1753 by a local clockmaker, Thomas Stretch. That equipment, which resembled a giant grandfather's clock, had been removed in about 1830, with no other subsequent effort having been made to reconstruct it. It therefore seems an opportune time to assemble the scattered in- formation regarding the history of that clock and its bell and to present their stories. The acquisition of the original clock and bell by the Pennsylvania colonial Assembly is closely related to the acquisition of the Liberty Bell. Because of this, most historians have tended to focus their writings on that more famous bell, and to pay but little attention to the hard-working, more durable, and equally large clock bell. They have also had a tendency either to claim or imply that the Liberty Bell and the clock bell had been procured in connection with a plan to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary, or "Jubilee Year," of the granting of the Charter of Privileges to the colony by William Penn. But, with one exception, nothing has been found among the surviving records which would support such a contention.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews from Greene Ville to Fallen Timbers: a Journal of The
    Book Reviews 425 From Greene Ville to Fallen Timbers: A Journal of the Wayne Campaign, July 28-September 14, 1794, Edited by Dwight L. Smith. Volume XVI, Number 3, Indiana Historical Society PublicaCions. (Indianapolis : Indiana Historical Society, 1952, pp. 95. Index. $1.00.) With the publication of this journal dealing with the Wayne campaign the historian is furnished with additional documentary evidence concerning the intrigue of one of the most ambitious and treasonable figures in American history, General James Wilkinson. Despite the fact that the writer of this journal remains anonymous, his outspoken support of the wily Wilkinson is significant in that it substantiates in an intimate fashion the machinations of Wilkinson against his immediate military superior, General Anthony Wayne. The reader cannot help but be impressed with this evidence of the great influence of Wilkinson’s personal magnetism, which simultaneously won for him a pension from the Span- ish monarch and the support of many Americans a few years prior to the launching of this campaign. The journal covers the crucial days from July 28 to September 14, 1794, during which time Wayne and his men advanced from Fort Greene Ville to a place in the Maumee Valley known as Fallen Timbers, where the Indian Confed- eration was dealt a body blow. Included in it are many de- tails such as supply problems, geographical features, and personalities. Unfortunately, the pronounced pro-Wilkinson bias of the writer inclines the reader to exercise mental reservations in accepting much of the information even though it be of a purely factual nature. In a brief but able introduction, Smith sets the stage for this account of this military expedition of General Wayne against the Indians of the Old Northwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph Saxton
    MEMOIR OP JOSEPH SAXTON. 1799-1873. BY JOSEPH HENRY. HEAD BEFOEB THB NATIONAL ACADEMY, OCT. 4,1874. 28T BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF JOSEPH SAXTON. MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE ACADEMY :— AT the last session of the National Academy of Sciences I was appointed to prepare an account of the life and labors of our lamented associate, Joseph Saxton, whose death we have been called to mourn. From long acquaintance and friendly relations with the deceased, the discharge of the duty thus devolved upon me has been a labor of love, but had he been personally unknown to me, the preparation of the eulogy would have been none the less a sacred duty, which I was not at liberty on any account to neglect. It is an obligation we owe to the Academy and the world to cherish the memory of our departed associates; their reputation is a precious inheritance to the Academy which exalts its character and extends its usefulness. Man is a sympathetic and imitative being, and through these characteristics of his nature the memories of good men produce an important influence on posterity, and therefore should be cherished and perpetuated. Moreover, the certainty of having a just tribute paid to our memory after our departure is one of the most powerful inducements to purity of life and propriety of deportment. The object of the National Academy is the advancement of science, and no one is considered eligible for membership who has not made positive additions to the sum of human knowledge, or in other words, has not done something to entitle him to the appellation of scientific.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, October 1978
    & x '«If* ■ "• i«. *' ■ V' *%>■ ■■ . ■■' ■ y -4 I The American Intellectual in Foreign Affairs by Charles Maechling, Jr. The Next Problem in Arms Control by Roger A. Beaumont What Is Public Diplomacy? by Kenneth Wimmel FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL OCTOBER 1978 75 CENTS Feel at home with security... AFSA Group Accident Insurance for Loss of Life, Limb or Sight. “Make yourself at home.” How often is heard that warm invitation to share the comfort and security of a friend's home. And though the surroundings may be unfamiliar, they somehow seem less foreign and more secure because your host is there to help protect you. Home is where the security is! Similarly, AFSA Group Accident Insurance for loss of life, limb or eye¬ sight provides that added security to make many of our members feel at home anywhere they happen to be. This AFSA program provides financial protection against accidental loss of life, limb or eyesight 24 hours a day, the year round, anywhere in the world. You and your family can be covered ACT NOW! Get all the facts about benefits, whether you’re traveling by car, taxi, train, rates and exceptions .on AFSA Group boat, bus, subway and even as passengers Accident Protection for loss of life, limb or on most commercial, private and military eyesight—direct by mail! No agent will call. planes you’d normally travel in. Just complete the coupon below and mail Moreover, protection is provided during today. No obligation. So don’t delay on a business, pleasure and just plain day-to-day plan that can mean added security for you activities at home and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Occasional Bulletins HENRY BURBECK
    No. 3 The Papers of Henry Burbeck Clements Library October 2014 OccasionalTHE PAPERS OF HENRY Bulletins BURBECK hen Henry Burbeck fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill Schopieray details, other caches of Burbeck material went to the on June 17, 1775, he had just celebrated his twenty-first Fraunces Tavern Museum in New York, the New London County Wbirthday. The son of a British colonial official who was (Connecticut) Historical Society , the Burton Historical Collection at second in command of Old Castle William in Boston Harbor, young the Detroit Public Library, the United States Military Academy, the Henry could not have foreseen that he would spend the next four New York Public Library, the Newberry Library, and to dealers and decades in ded- collectors. But it icated service to wasn’t until 2011 a new American that the majority nation. In of Burbeck’s those forty manuscripts went years, at half up for sale at a dozen Heritage Auctions Revolutionary in Los Angeles. War battles, at We learned about West Point, at that a day before forts and out- the auction, and posts up and our hurried down the west- run at the papers ern frontier, at fell short. Three the court mar- years later, with tial of James the new Norton Wilkinson, and Strange as Chief of the Townshend Fund In 1790 Henry Burbeck established Fort St. Tammany on the St. Mary’s River, the boundary Artillery Corps providing much- between Georgia and Spanish Florida. He commanded there until 1792. Surgeon’s Mate Nathan from 1802 to needed support Hayward presented Burbeck with this view of the finished fort.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Failed Filibusters: the Kemper Rebellion, the Burr Conspiracy And
    Failed Filibusters: The Kemper Rebellion, the Burr Conspiracy and Early American Expansion Francis D. Cogliano In January 1803 the Congressional committee which considered the appropriation for the Louisiana Purchase observed baldly, “it must be seen that the possession of New Orleans and the Floridas will not only be required for the convenience of the United States, but will be demanded by their most imperious necessities.”1 The United States claimed that West Florida, which stretched south of the 31st parallel from the Mississippi River in the west to the Apalachicola River in the east (roughly the modern state of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, and the Gulf coasts of Mississippi and Alabama, and the western portion of the Florida panhandle) was included in the Louisiana Purchase, a claim denied by the Spanish. The American claim was spurious but the intent behind it was clear. The United States desired control of West Florida so that the residents of the Mississippi Territory could have access to the Gulf of Mexico. Since the American Revolution the region had been settled by Spaniards, French creoles and Anglo-American loyalists. Beginning in the 1790s thousands of emigrants from the United States migrated to the territory, attracted by a generous system of Spanish land grants. An 1803 American government report described the population around Baton Rouge as “composed partly of Acadians, a very few French, and great majority of Americans.” During the first decade of the nineteenth century West Florida became increasingly unstable. In addition to lawful migrants, the region attracted lawless adventurers, including deserters from the United States army and navy, many of whom fled from the nearby territories of Louisiana and Mississippi.2 1 Annals of Congress, 7th Cong.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Burbot in Montana
    1 STATUS OF BURBOT IN MONTANA Melissa R. Jones-Wuellner and Christopher S. Guy U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit Montana State University Department of Ecology Bozeman, Montana 59717 December 2004 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .......................................................................................................................3 List of Figures......................................................................................................................5 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................7 Acknowledgments................................................................................................................8 Introduction..........................................................................................................................9 Review of Burbot Life History ..........................................................................................10 Description.............................................................................................................10 Habitat....................................................................................................................10 Spawning, Rearing, Growth...................................................................................10 Feeding and Food Habits .......................................................................................11 Economic and Conservation Importance...............................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report, Independence National
    Note the following: Page 15: Partnerships - “A challenge INDE faced in 2007 was finalizing long-term agreements with both the Independence Visitor Center Corporation (IVCC) and the National Constitution Center (NCC). Because of the complexity of these agreements, they are still under review in the Departments Office of the Solicitor. The IVCC and NCC continue to operate under Special Use Permits.” Page 16: Cooperating Agreement - “In 2007, INDE managed 12 Commercial Use Permits…The park successfully worked with the IVCC to respond to complaints from tour operators, who are competing for prime locations within the building to advertise their tours. While this problem will likely persist until the space within the Independence Visitor Center has been reorganized a project that will take place during 2008 through a series of meetings with the tour operators the park is continuing to address their concerns.” INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK SUPERINTENDENT’S ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT October 1, 2006 – September 30, 2007 Introduction The Superintendent and staff of Independence National Historical Park (INDE) share the stewardship of some of the most important symbols of our nation’s heritage: the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, Congress Hall and Franklin Court. They also share responsibility for Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site (EDAL), Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial (THKO) and Gloria Dei (Old Swedes’) Church National Historic Site (GLDE). Independence National Historical Park continued to work on several multi-year, multi-faceted projects including the commemoration of the President’s House Site, the security plan for the Liberty Bell Center and Independence Square, the Long Range Interpretive Plan, the rehabilitation of Franklin Court and finalizing partnership agreements.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BUTLER Faiyfily L]V Aftie'.R.ICA
    THE BUTLER FAiyfILY l]V AftiE'.R.ICA COMPILED BY WILLIAM DAVID BUTLER of St. Louis, Mo. JOHN CROMWELL BUTLER late of Denver, Col, JOSEPH MAR.ION BUTLER of Chicago, Ill. Published by SHALLCROSS PRINTING CO. St. Louis, Mo. THIS Boox IB DEDICATED TO THE BUTLER FAMILY IN AMERICA INTRODUCTION TO BUTLER HISTORY. In the history of these l!niteJ States, there are a few fami­ lies that have shone witb rare brilliancy from Colonial times, through the Revolution, the \Var of 1812, the ::-.rexican \Var and the great Civil conflict, down to the present time. Those of supe­ rior eminence may ~asily be numbered on the fingers and those of real supremacy in historical America are not more than a 1,andftil. They stand side by side, none e1wious of the others but all proud to do and dare, and, if need be, die for the nation. Richest and best types of citizens have they been from the pioneer days of ol!r earliest forefathers, and their descendants have never had occasion to apologize for any of them or to conceal any fact connected with their careers. Resplenclant in the beg-inning, their nobility of bloocl has been carrieJ uow11\\·arci pure and unstainecl. °'.\l)t :.ill ui Lheir Jcscenuants ha\·e been distinguished as the world ~·ues-the ,·:i~t majority of them ha\·e been content \\·ith rno<lest lines-bnt :dl ha\c been goocl citizens and faithful Americans. Ami what more hc>l!Or than that can be a,P.rclecl to them? . Coor<lim.te with the _·\clamses, of ::-.r:i.ss::iclrnseth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fig for Your Philosophy and Great Knowledge in the Sciences
    Nagle 1 jeff Nagle Professors Dorsey & Minkin History 91 December 17,2011 A Fig For Your Philosophy and Great Knowledge in the Sciences: Observation, Deception, Scientific Fraud and Social Authority in the Antebellum Museum Abstract: There is an increasingly sophisticated literature on the role played by museums in reaffirming social norms of examination in the antebellum United States. This literature has largely focused on the way museums presented this knowledge to the public, not how audiences reacted to claims of scientific authority. Popular reaction to pseudoscientific claims demonstrated to the public in the scientific context of museums, in this case Charles Redheffer's 1812 perpetual motion device and P. T. Barnum's Fejee Mermaid, shed light on the close relationship between early popular scientific observation and ways of judging authenticity and deception in the commercial and social realms of the antebellum period. Have you travelled thro' the pages afthe Natural Historian? come and satisfyyour mind) that he has not deceived you. Come and look nature in the face, andyou will be more highly delighted and satisfied than by historic description. Have you) at any time) read ofbeings whose existence you doubted? call at this repository. Your doubts will vanish) and before you depart your mind may receive impressions emanently conductive to morality and virtue. Those who have no leisure to read) may) at a trifling expence, furnish themselves with a considerable portion ofknowledge--a species ofknowledge that may be found necessary
    [Show full text]