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Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Huerta-Zavala, Jorge; Arreguín-Sánchez, María de la Luz; Quiroz-García, David Leonor; Fernández- Nava, Rafael CICLO DE VIDA DE PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (CAV.) LINK SUBSP. TERNIFOLIA (PTERIDACEAE- POLYPODIIDAE) Polibotánica, núm. 35, febrero, 2013, pp. 65-84 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62125675004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Núm. 35, pp. 65-84, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2013 CICLO DE VIDA DE PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (CAV.) LINK SUBSP. TERNIFOLIA (PTERIDACEAE-POLYPODIIDAE)* LIFE CYCLE OF PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (CAV.) LINK SUBSP. TERNIFOLIA (PTERIDACEAE-POLYPODIIDAE)* Jorge Huerta-Zavala1, María de la Luz Arreguín-Sánchez2, **, David Leonor Quiroz- García2, ** y Rafael Fernández-Nava2, ** 1Egresado ENCB-IPN. 2Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Plan de Ayala y Carpio, Colonia Santo Tomás, México DF, 11340. RESUMEN ABSTRACT Se describe el ciclo de vida de Pellaea ter- We describe the life cycle of Pellaea terni- nifolia (Cav.) Link subsp. ternifolia. Los es- folia (Cav.) Link subsp. ternifolia. Studied pecímenes fueron recolectados en un bosque material was collected in a disturbed forest de Pinus perturbado en San Miguel de los of Pinus in San Miguel de los Alcanfores, Alcanfores, municipio de Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, Tlaxco municipality, State of Tlaxcala, México. Las esporas fueron sembradas en Mexico. Spores were sown in polyurethane vasos de unicel de 262 ml con cerámica (ba- vessel of 262 ml prepared in the following rro molido), piedra de río, tela de mosquitero manner: the glasses were layered with ce- y tres soportes de cultivo (tierra, maquique ramic, river stone, mosquito net and three y musgo), todo previamente esterilizado y natural substrates (plant litter, maquique and cerrado con plástico y alambre de cobre. moss), all previously sterilized and enclosed El ciclo fue isospórico con desarrollo del in plastic bags tied with copper wire. The protalo tipo Adiantum. En la fase cordada cycle proved to be typically isosporeus with se apreciaron gametófi tos con anteridios prothallial development corresponding to y arquegonio en una proporción cercana the Adiantum type. The gametophytes were al 70% y el otro 30% fueron gametófi tos cordate, 70% of them produced antheridia apogámicos. Los esporófitos jóvenes se and archegonia and the other 30% were apo- obtuvieron a partir de los 63 días. gamic. Young sporophytes were obtained around 63 days after sowing. Palabras clave: ciclo de vida, Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia, desarrollo del Key words: life cycle, Pellaea ternifolia gametófi to, desarrollo del esporófi to, apo- subsp. ternifolia, gametophyte development, gamia. sporophyte development, apogamy. * Proyecto apoyado por la Dirección de Estudios de Posgrado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, clave 20110410. **Becarios de COFAA. 65 Núm. 35: 65-84 Febrero 2013 INTRODUCCIÓN (Cav.) Link subsp. ternifolia (Pteridaceae) como una aportación al conocimiento de la Las licofi tas y monilofi tas (también conoci- biología de este helecho y como antecedente das como pteridofi tas) son traqueofi tas que para su posible cultivo, así como comparar presentan raíces, tallos y hojas de tipo licofi - el desarrollo de este ciclo en tres diferentes lo (micrófi lo) o eufi lo (megáfi lo), presentan soportes naturales. ciclos de vida heterospóricos, isospóricos y tipo Equisetum que originan la fase espo- ANTECEDENTES rofítica y gametofítica independientes entre sí en la madurez. Las esporas se desarrollan Entre los estudios de la biología reproductiva en los esporangios que por su morfología del género Pellaea sobresalen los de Pickett y desarrollo pueden ser euesporangios o y Manuel (1925) quienes describieron el de- leptoesporangios, estos últimos son los más sarrollo del protalo de Pellaea glabella, para abundantes y se caracterizan por presentar lo cual utilizaron el medio de Knop. Picket y un anillo cuya posición puede variar. Smith Thayer (1927) trabajaron con el gametófi to et al. (2006) reconocen los órdenes Ma- y la formación del esporófi to de P. densa y rattiales, Osmundales, Hymenophyllales, mencionaron el tiempo de germinación de Gleicheniales, Schizaeales, Salviniales, las esporas y la presencia de apogamia en Cyatheales y Polypodiales, este último con esta especie. En 1964 Nayar y Bajpai estu- 22 familias, una de ellas las Pteridaceae. diaron seis especies y una variedad del gé- (Judd et al., 2008) considera que el género nero Pellaea, para lo cual utilizaron el medio Pellaea pertenece a la familia Pteridaceae de agar con solución de Knop y describen y en total existen entre 220 a 260 géneros la germinación de las esporas así como la de criptógamas vasculares y unas 7 000 presencia de apogamia en algunas de ellas. especies a nivel mundial. En 1968 Pray realizó una investigación de los gametófi tos de Pellaea sección Pellaea Mickel y Smith (2004) reconocen 1 080 serie estípite-negro, las esporas las sembró taxones en la pteridofl ora mexicana con re- en medio de agar con solución de Bristol, presentantes en las zonas templadas, zonas posteriomente este mismo autor en 1970 frías, zonas tropicales húmedas y de las zo- describe los gametófi tos de Pellaea estípite nas secas y semisecas donde se albergan al- claro utilizando el mismo medio y solución gunas de las 15 especies de Pellaea. A nivel que en el trabajo anterior. Tryon (1968) mundial estos mismos autores consideran comparó las características de las esporas y que existen un total de 35 especies de este gametófi tos de diferentes especies sexuales género. Christenhusz et al. (2011) sitúan al y apogámicas del género Pellaea. Whitter género Pellaea en la división Monilophyta, (1968) indujo la apogamia en Pellaea gla- subclase Polypodiidae, Familia Pteridaceae bella var. glabella adicionando sacarosa y Subfamilia Cheilanthoideae. al medio de cultivo. Pray 1971 estudió los gametófi tos de híbridos del género Pellaea OBJETIVOS utilizando el medio de Bristol. Rigby (1973) indujo la apogamia en P. glabella var. occi- El propósito de este trabajo es describir las dentale adicionando fructosa a los medios fases del ciclo de vida de Pellaea ternifolia de cultivo. Díaz-Espinoza (2002) observó 66 Huerta-Zavala, J. et al.: Ciclo de vida de Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia (Pteridaceae-Polypodiidae). el ciclo de vida de Pellaea cordifolia uti- levemente eroso, base cordada, ápice agudo, lizando como soporte maquique y obtuvo bicoloras, frondes similares de 20 a 30 cm de esporófi tos a los 386 días. Herrera-Soriano largo con el peciolo negro lustroso, glabro et al. (2011) describieron el ciclo biológico al igual que el raquis, lámina de contorno de Pellaea ovata utilizando como soportes lineal de 10 a 25 cm de largo, pinnada en maquique y tierra de hoja, los esporófi tos la parte superior, ternada en la inferior, no se desarrollaron en el primer soporte pinnas coriáceas, enteras, lanceoladas a mientras que en el segundo se formaron a lineal-lanceoladas de 2 a 3 cm de largo por los 390 días. 0.5 a 1.5 cm de ancho, sésiles con la base cordada, ápice mucronado a agudo, margen MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS entero, haz y envés glabro, nerviación libre, esporangios protegidos por el margen refl ejo Los esporófi tos (Fig. 1) de los cuales se continuo. Es frecuente encontrarla sobre tomaron las esporas para el seguimiento piedras en bosques de encinos, pinos, pinos- del ciclo de vida presentaron las siguientes encinos y matorrales xerófi los entre los 700 características morfológicas: rizoma corto o a los 3 00 m.s.n.m. compacto de 3 a 6 mm de diámetro, cubierto con escamas densas y persistentes de 5 a 6 En México su distribución es: Aguasca- mm de largo por 0.1 a 0.3 mm de ancho, lientes, Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, lineal-lanceoladas, inserción basal, margen Chiapas, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Duran- Fig. 1. Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia, fotografía tomada en el sitio de colecta San Miguel de los Alcanfores, municipio de Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, México. 67 Núm. 35: 65-84 Febrero 2013 go, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, indicaban con claridad la secuencia del Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, ciclo, y posteriormente se tomaron con un Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, microscopio compuesto Xiophot 1 Zeiss, Tlaxcala, Veracruz y Zacatecas. En otros con cámara digital ZVS-47DE y un micros- países es conocida Argentina, Bolivia, copio estereoscópico Stemi SAV-Zeiss con Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Esta- cámara digital SONY DXC ISIA (640 X 480 dos Unidos de Norteamérica, Guatemala, líneas) y el programa de captura y procesa- Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Perú y miento de imágenes KS-400 Zeiss. Venezuela, y (Mickel y Beitel, 1988 y Mic- kel y Smith, 2004). El nombre común que RESULTADOS recibe esta planta es el de helecho o el de pivora por los tarahumaras y la parte aérea En la fi gura 2 se muestra una síntesis del se utiliza en enfermedades del hígado y para ciclo de vida completo de Pellaea ternifolia curar la tos (www.semarnat.gob.mx/pfnm/ subsp. ternifolia desde la espora hasta la Pellaeaternifoliawrightii.html.). formación de esporófi tos por la vía sexual a través de la fecundación de anteridios y Los ejemplares fueron colectados en San arquegonios y por la asexual por medio Miguel de los Alcanfores, municipio de de apogamia. En las fi guras 3 a la 18 se Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, México, el 28 de agosto muestran los detalles de varias de las etapas del 2004, en un bosque perturbado de pino, reproductivas. En la tabla 1 se incluye el a 2400 m.s.n.m. El ejemplar de referencia cuadro comparativo de los resultados de los se encuentra depositado en el Herbario de tres soportes.
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    Scientific Name Common Name Fossil Falls Alabama Hills Mazourka Canyon Div. & Oak Creeks White Mountains Fish Slough Rock Creek McGee Creek Parker Bench East Mono Basin Tioga Pass Bodie Hills Cicuta douglasii poison parsnip 3 3 3 Cymopterus cinerarius alpine cymopterus 3 Cymopterus terebinthinus var. terebinth pteryxia 3 3 petraeus Ligusticum grayi Gray’s lovage 3 Lomatium dissectum fern-leaf 3 3 3 3 var. multifidum lomatium Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. desert biscuitroot 3 fimbriatum Plant List Lomatium mohavense Mojave parsley 3 3 Lomatium nevadense Nevada parsley 3 var. nevadense Lomatium rigidum prickly parsley 3 Taxonomy and nomenclature in this species list are based on Lomatium torreyi Sierra biscuitroot 3 western sweet- the Jepson Manual Online as of February 2011. Changes in Osmorhiza occidentalis 3 3 ADOXACEAE–ASTERACEAE cicely taxonomy and nomenclature are ongoing. Some site lists are Perideridia bolanderi Bolander’s 3 3 more complete than others; all of them should be considered a ssp. bolanderi yampah Lemmon’s work in progress. Species not native to California are designated Perideridia lemmonii 3 yampah with an asterisk (*). Please visit the Inyo National Forest and Perideridia parishii ssp. Parish’s yampah 3 3 Bureau of Land Management Bishop Resource Area websites latifolia for periodic updates. Podistera nevadensis Sierra podistera 3 Sphenosciadium ranger’s buttons 3 3 3 3 3 capitellatum APOCYNACEAE Dogbane Apocynum spreading 3 3 androsaemifolium dogbane Scientific Name Common Name Fossil Falls Alabama Hills Mazourka Canyon Div. & Oak Creeks White Mountains Fish Slough Rock Creek McGee Creek Parker Bench East Mono Basin Tioga Pass Bodie Hills Apocynum cannabinum hemp 3 3 ADOXACEAE Muskroot Humboldt Asclepias cryptoceras 3 Sambucus nigra ssp.
  • Pellaea Atropurpurea (L.) Link Purplepurple Cliff Cliff Brake, Brake Page 

    Pellaea Atropurpurea (L.) Link Purplepurple Cliff Cliff Brake, Brake Page 

    Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purplepurple cliff cliff brake, brake Page 1 State Distribution Photo by Susan R. Crispin Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Status: State threatened Range: Concentrated in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, this fern extends from Global and state rank: G5/S2 Guatemala north through the Rocky Mountains, the central United States, and through eastern North Other common names: purple-stemmed cliff-brake, America. It is considered rare in Colorado, Florida, purple cliffbrake Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ontario, Quebec, Rhode Family: Pteridaceae (maidenhair fern family) Island, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, and is considered extirpated in Louisiana Synonym: Pteris atropurpurea L., Pellaea atropupurea (NatureServe 2007). var. cristata Trelease State distribution: Purple cliff-brake is known only Taxonomy: Until relatively recently, P. atropurpurea from a few modern localities in Michigan, of only eight was considered by most authors to include P. glabella, localities known, including the Keweenaw Peninsula which is now generally recognized as a separate species and locations in Dickinson and Chippewa Counties (Rigby and Britton, 1970, Pickett, 1917). Tryon (1972) (the latter on Drummond Island). A 1905 Dickinson suggested that this taxon may be of hybrid origin, with County locality has not been relocated. Except for one one putative parent a rare species of northern Mexico Dickinson County locality, where more than 100 clumps (P. notabilis) and the other now extinct. Lellinger where observed, all colonies have been found to be (1985) postulates a different hybrid origin, considering relatively small, with most reported to support fewer P.
  • Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium

    Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium

    Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.