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Guide for Wind Power Provider FINGRID in BRIEF

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Guide for Wind Power Provider FINGRID in BRIEF Guide for wind power provider FINGRID IN BRIEF Electricity is a necessity in everyday life in Finland. Society is powered by electricity. Fingrid Oyj is responsible for the functionality of the electricity transmis- sion system in Finland. The main grid is the backbone for power transmission. Large power plants and factories, as well as regional distribution networks, are all con- nected to the grid. The power system encompasses approximately 14,000 kilometres of 400, 220 and 110 kilovolt transmission lines and more than 2 a hundred substations and back-up power plants, which are needed in case of major interruptions in the electricity system. We make sure that Finland obtains electricity without disturbances now and in the future. We participate in the EU’s energy efficiency project by strengthening the main grid according to the new energy solutions. In the current decade we will build approximately 2,500 kilometres of more transmission lines and about twenty new substations. Thus, we are developing the Finnish society and the wellbeing of every Finn. We promote the functioning of the electricity market. Joint and efficient electricity trading in the European countries is trusted by our interest groups and a benefit for a consumer. FINGRID POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORK 1.1.2015 Base map © Karttakeskus Oy, Helsinki Oy, Karttakeskus © map Base 400 kV grid 220 kV grid 110 kV grid HVDC lines of other companies 3 High wind power target in Finland 4 The share of wind power in Finland’s energy production is still relatively low. The target, however, is high, and the share of completed wind farm projects is increasing every year. In this guide we’ve gathered information which wind power providers need to know for as smooth constructing of a grid connection as possible. ccording to Finland’s climate and en- security and sufficient transmission capacity ergy strategy, the production of wind of the transmission grid. Apower should be raised to 6 terawatt hours per year by 2020, which means around When Fingrid is involved in the plan- 5 2,500 megawatts. In 2013 this objective ning process from the outset, the need to was raised to 9 terawatt hours. This is still reinforce the transmission system does not distant, but the trend is upwards: at the end of 2013 the total capacity of wind power in Finland was approximately 400 megawatts and in 2014, the capacity is expected to rise By contacting Fingrid during to 500–600 megawatts. the early stages of planning possible changes in the con- Several hundred enquiries concerning wind nection can be included in the power connections alone have been directed planning and construction to Fingrid, and attempts are already made schedules. in the planning stage to find a connection solution which is both technically and com- mercially feasible. Some 10–20 per cent of the plans progress to implementation. come as a surprise. The Finnish Govern- ment’s wind power target is one of the Fingrid has been actively involved in wind reasons why Fingrid will use approximately farm projects by planning grid connections 1,700 million euros over the next 10 years and contributing to environmental impact to build and develop the Finnish electricity assessments, regional land use planning and transmission grid. In practice, this means discussions with wind turbine suppliers. This about 2,500 kilometres of new transmission is to ensure the reasonable execution of con- lines and about twenty new substations. nection plans as a whole and to retain the Permit process calls for patience 6 CUSTOMER ACTIONS IN A GRID CONNECTION PROJECT Contact Fingrid, Draw up plans, Construction, implemen- Submission of final technical preliminary information submit plans to Fingrid tation inspection and documents to Fingrid no submission of protocol later than 2 months after to Fingrid implementation CONNECTIVITY PLANNING CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTATION FINGRID ACTIONS IN A GRID CONNECTION PROJECT Checking of connection alter- Checking and approval of plans, Construction, review of site Drawing up of grid agreement, natives and specification of a additional guidance, drawing up to be connected, connection invoicing connection solution, connection of letter of intent, project and planning and agreement on technical framework connection agreements procedures he development of a wind power project usually takes at least two years. After that Tit is to be decided whether a wind farm Connection is agreed on can be constructed at the site in question, and with Fingrid whether or not the project is viable. Wind farm re- fers to a project containing more than 10 turbines. 1. LETTER OF INTENT Such projects call for an environmental impact • Environmental Impact Assessments required by assessment (EIA) procedure. An EIA is not usually authorities are under way. • The land use process has commenced or a planning needed for smaller projects, but in other respects requirement decision has been made. the permit process is similar. • The letter of intent is not binding and is valid for a maximum of 12 months. Firstly, there is a preliminary study of the general conditions to build a wind farm. The location 2. PROJECT AGREEMENT must of course be windy and the land must be • A new distribution substation is constructed in the suitable for constructing. Nature values, impact on grid for the connection of an individual customer. 7 people, and other land uses have to be considered. • Environmental assessments required by authorities It must be possible to build roads at a reason- have been carried out for the project. • The customer pays the connection fee in three able expense, and then there is the question of instalments. connectivity: there should be a suitable nearby connection point to Fingrid’s grid or to a distribu- 3. CONNECTION AGREEMENT tion network. • The plan (or planning requirement decision) is lawful. • The customer is prepared to commit to connection After the preliminary study, it is decided whether a fees and to the execution of the connection in wind farm is feasible. If it is, the next step in a wind accordance with Fingrid’s technical terms. farm project consisting of more than 10 turbines • The customer must present plans for the execution method of its connection. An expropriation permit is the EIA procedure. This prodecure partly over- application concerning any possible connection line laps with the land zoning. At the same time, wind has been submitted to authorities. conditions are measured and technical analyses are • The connection fee shall be paid either in full when carried out. If, after these procedures, the project is the agreement is signed, or in two instalments. given the green light, actual construction work can • The agreement shall come into effect once it has been signed and connection fees have been paid. commence. • The high-voltage section of the customer’s con- nection must be complete within 24 months from It is impossible to know beforehand which of the the signing of the connection agreement; otherwise numerous planned projects will become a reality. the agreement will become invalid. Some projects never get to the finish line, and the size of many projects decreases as time goes on. 4. MAIN GRID CONTRACT • The customer has a valid connection agreement and technical terms have been met. Fingrid treats every customer equally. Projects with • The main grid contract will be drawn up before extensive progress and most likely to realise will be the implementation of the connection and provision agreed first. of voltage. Connectivity should be determined in the early phase 8 FACT ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SHOULD PRIMARILY BE CONNECTED TO A SUBSTATION The connecting party’s power plant is connected to Fingrid’s grid through the switch- yard of a substation, with the exception of small power plants of less than 5 megavolt amperes (MVA), which are to be agreed separately, or power plants of a maximum of 25 MVA, which feed to Fingrid’s grid a short circuit current no more than 1.2 times the rated current of the power plant. These can be connected to a 110 kilovolt transmission line which is in ring operation, taking into account the available transmission capacity of the transmission line and certain technical conditions. If electricity production is connected to a transmission line, the connection must be equipped with a telecommunications con- nection and forced tripping to enable high-speed automatic reclosing in Fingrid’s grid. A wind farm in excess of 25 MVA must be connected to a substation. If a substation needs to be built for this purpose, the connecting party must pay the full price of the substation as the connection fee. hen a wind farm is connected to whether the wind farm as a whole fulfils the Fingrid’s grid, it has to fulfil the requirements imposed on power plants to be W same requirements as any other connected to the Finnish power system. power plant. The connecting power plant must fulfil technical specifications set out in Real-time active power and reactive power Fingrid’s general terms of connection (YLE). measurements, as well as circuit breaker Compliance with terms of connection en- status information must be submitted for all sures system security. The connecting power power plants in excess of 1 MVA to main- plant must also fulfil the specifications for tain grid operational reliability. Requirements the operational performance of power plants for the real-time exchange of information (VJV) in order to ensure the systems’ techni- are specified in the grid agreement. The con- cal compatibility. necting party is responsible for the organisa- tion of measurements from the wind farm to The suitability of the grid connection should Fingrid. be examined as early on in the project 9 as possible. This provides information on Even though the grid has a high electricity whether or not the planned wind turbine transmission capacity, there may be vari- can be connected to the grid at the planned ous technical restrictions depending on the location.
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