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Comparative Bioconversion of Rice Lignocellulosic
COMPARATIVE BIOCONVERSION OF RICE LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE AND ITS AMENDMENTS BY TWO OYSTER MUSHROOMS (PLEUROTUS SPECIES) AND THE USE OF THE SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST AS BIO-FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF TOMATO, PEPPER AND COWPEA BY (WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL; 10172451) M Phil. (GHANA), 2010 BSc. (GHANA), 2007 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DEGREE (PH.D.) IN BOTANY ……………………………………… DATE DECLARATION I, the undersigned, WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL, declare that am the author of this thesis, I do declare that this work is a result of my own research work carried out in the Department of Botany, University of Ghana Legon under the supervision of Prof. George Tawia Odamtten and Dr. Mary Obodai from January 2012 to July 2014. References made in this work have duly been acknowledged. …………………….. ………………………........ WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL PROF. GEORGE TAWIA ODAMTTEN (CANDIDATE) (PRINCIPAL SUPERVISOR) DATE…………………………… DATE…………………………… ……............................................. DR. MARY OBODAI (CO-SUPERVISOR) DATE........................................... i DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated first and foremost to the Lord Almighty God. I also dedicate it to my dear parents Mr. and Mrs Brenya Wiafe-Akenten as well as my mother Mrs. Beatrice Akua Korantemaa and my grandmother Madam Abena Serwaa. I dedicate this work to my late grandparents the late Mr. Kofi Adarkwa and late Mrs. Afia Owusua Adarkwa of blessed memory for their support and motivating me to pursue education in early life. Finally, to all my siblings Awo Asantewaa, Nana Adwoa, Ohemaa Akua, friends (especially Miss. Millicent Amponsah), dear ones who contributed in diverse ways to the success of this thesis deserve mention. -
The Fungi of Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and Environs
THE FUNGI OF SLAPTON LEY NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE AND ENVIRONS APRIL 2019 Image © Visit South Devon ASCOMYCOTA Order Family Name Abrothallales Abrothallaceae Abrothallus microspermus CY (IMI 164972 p.p., 296950), DM (IMI 279667, 279668, 362458), N4 (IMI 251260), Wood (IMI 400386), on thalli of Parmelia caperata and P. perlata. Mainly as the anamorph <it Abrothallus parmeliarum C, CY (IMI 164972), DM (IMI 159809, 159865), F1 (IMI 159892), 2, G2, H, I1 (IMI 188770), J2, N4 (IMI 166730), SV, on thalli of Parmelia carporrhizans, P Abrothallus parmotrematis DM, on Parmelia perlata, 1990, D.L. Hawksworth (IMI 400397, as Vouauxiomyces sp.) Abrothallus suecicus DM (IMI 194098); on apothecia of Ramalina fustigiata with st. conid. Phoma ranalinae Nordin; rare. (L2) Abrothallus usneae (as A. parmeliarum p.p.; L2) Acarosporales Acarosporaceae Acarospora fuscata H, on siliceous slabs (L1); CH, 1996, T. Chester. Polysporina simplex CH, 1996, T. Chester. Sarcogyne regularis CH, 1996, T. Chester; N4, on concrete posts; very rare (L1). Trimmatothelopsis B (IMI 152818), on granite memorial (L1) [EXTINCT] smaragdula Acrospermales Acrospermaceae Acrospermum compressum DM (IMI 194111), I1, S (IMI 18286a), on dead Urtica stems (L2); CY, on Urtica dioica stem, 1995, JLT. Acrospermum graminum I1, on Phragmites debris, 1990, M. Marsden (K). Amphisphaeriales Amphisphaeriaceae Beltraniella pirozynskii D1 (IMI 362071a), on Quercus ilex. Ceratosporium fuscescens I1 (IMI 188771c); J1 (IMI 362085), on dead Ulex stems. (L2) Ceriophora palustris F2 (IMI 186857); on dead Carex puniculata leaves. (L2) Lepteutypa cupressi SV (IMI 184280); on dying Thuja leaves. (L2) Monographella cucumerina (IMI 362759), on Myriophyllum spicatum; DM (IMI 192452); isol. ex vole dung. (L2); (IMI 360147, 360148, 361543, 361544, 361546). -
La Flore Fongique Du Bois De Chênes Et Quelques Remarques Sur Les Modifications Au Cours Des Dernières Décennies
La flore fongique du Bois de Chênes et quelques remarques sur les modifications au cours des dernières décennies Autor(en): Senn-Irlet, Béatrice / Desponds, Bernard / Favre, Isabelle Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mémoires de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles Band (Jahr): 28 (2019) PDF erstellt am: 28.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-823121 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch La flore fongique du Bois de Chênes et quelques remarques sur les modifications au cours des dernières décennies Béatrice SENN-IRLET1, Bernard DESPONDS2, Isabelle FAVRE3 & Gilbert BOVAY4 Senn-Irlet B., Desponds B., Favre I. -
Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors. -
Early View, On-Line Since 31 March 2016 Г О Д И Ш Н И К НА
Early view, On-line since 31st March 2016 Г О Д И Ш Н И К НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ КНИГА 2 – БОТАНИКА Том 100, 2015 A N N U A I R E DE L’UNIVERSITE DE SOFIA “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI” FACULTE DE BIOLOGIE LIVRE 2 – BOTANIQUE Tome 100, 2015 СОФИЯ · 2016 ИЗДАТЕЛСТВО НА СУ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“ PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI” Editor-in-Chief Prof. Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner, PhD, DrSc Editorial Board Prof. Dimiter Ivanov, PhD, DrSc Prof. Iva Apostolova, PhD Prof. Mariana Lyubenova, PhD Prof. Veneta Kapchina-Toteva , PhD Assoc. Prof. Aneli Nedelcheva, PhD Assoc. Prof. Anna Ganeva, PhD Assoc. Prof. Dimitrina Koleva, PhD Assoc. Prof. Dolya Pavlova, PhD Assoc. Prof. Juliana Atanasova, PhD Assoc. Prof. Melania Gyosheva, PhD Assoc. Prof. Rosen Tsonev, PhD Assistant Editor Main Assist. Blagoy Uzunov, PhD © СОФИЙСКИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ 2016 ISSN 0204-9910 (Print) ISSN 2367-9190 (Online) Early view, On-line since 31st March 2016 CONTENTS 1. А NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE RED LIST THREAT STATUS OF MICROALGAE – Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner, Plamen Ivanov, Ralitsa Zidarova, Tsvetelina Isheva & Blagoy A. Uzunov.............................................................................................................. 2. RED LIST OF BULGARIAN ALGAE. II. MICROALGAE - Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner, Tsvetelina Isheva, Plamen Ivanov, Blagoy Uzunov & Petya Dimitrova.......................................... 3. NEW RECORDS OF RARE AND THREATENED LARGER FUNGI FROM MIDDLE DANUBE PLAIN, BULGARIA - Melania M. Gyosheva & Rossen T. Tzonev.............................. 4. FIRST RECORD OF MARASMIUS LIMOSUS AND PHOLIOTA CONISSANS (BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN BULGARIA - Blagoy A. Uzunov.......................................................... 5. REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ON PSEUDOGYMNOASCUS DESTRUCTANS STUDIES WITH REFERENCE TO THE SPECIES FINDINGS IN BULGARIA - Nia L. -
Josiana Adelaide Vaz
Josiana Adelaide Vaz STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. ESTUDO DE PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES, ANTIPROLIFERATIVAS E INDUTORAS DE APOPTOSE DE COGUMELOS SILVESTRES DO NORDESTE DE PORTUGAL. Tese do 3º Ciclo de Estudos Conducente ao Grau de Doutoramento em Ciências Farmacêuticas–Bioquímica, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto. Orientadora: Isabel Cristina Fernandes Rodrigues Ferreira (Professora Adjunta c/ Agregação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) Co- Orientadoras: Maria Helena Vasconcelos Meehan (Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto) Anabela Rodrigues Lourenço Martins (Professora Adjunta do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) July, 2012 ACCORDING TO CURRENT LEGISLATION, ANY COPYING, PUBLICATION, OR USE OF THIS THESIS OR PARTS THEREOF SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. ii FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. Josiana Adelaide Vaz iii The candidate performed the experimental work with a doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BD/43653/2008) supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), which also participated with grants to attend international meetings and for the graphical execution of this thesis. The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP) (Portugal), Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) (Portugal), Mountain Research Center (CIMO) (Portugal) and Center of Medicinal Chemistry- University of Porto (CEQUIMED-UP) provided the facilities and/or logistical supports. This work was also supported by the research project PTDC/AGR- ALI/110062/2009, financed by FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU. Cover – photos kindly supplied by Juan Antonio Sanchez Rodríguez. -
Finnish Records of the Genus Russula. the New Species R. Olivina and R
Karstenia 30:15-26. 1990. Finnish records of the genus Russula. The new species R. olivina and R. taigarum JUHAN! RUOTSALAINEN and JUKKA V AURAS RUOTSALAINEN, J. & VAURAS, J. 1990: Finnish records of the genus Russula. The new species R. olivina and R. taigarum.- Karstenia 30:15-26. Two new species are described from Fennoscandia, Russula olivina Ruotsalainen & Vauras and Russula taigarum Ruotsalainen & Vauras. Both are boreal fungi growing in moist rich forests with Picea abies, and characterized by their mild taste, and pileipellis with dermatocystidia and without encrusted elements. Further characteristics for R. oli vina are the greenish pileus, 2-spored basidia and large spores with isolated spines, while R. taigarum has a matt brown-red pileus and stipe with unevenly distributed red colour. R. postiana Romell is lectotypified. Key words: Agaricales, Basidiomycetes, NW Europe, Picea abies, Russula olivina, R. postiana, R. taigarum, taxonomy Juhani Ruotsa/ainen, Metsiitie 12 A 4, SF-71310 Vehmersalmi, Finland J ukka Vauras, Herbarium of Abo Akademi University, Department ofBiology, SF -20500 Turku , Finland Introduction agent. The spores were measured excluding the orna Recently, 75 Finnish Russula species were keyed by mentation, and the basidia lengths excluding the ste Korhonen & Vauras (1986). It seems, however, that rigmata. Pileocystidia were drawn from material many more species of the genus will be recorded in mounted in water, after treatment with Fuchsin and Finland. In this paper we describe two species which 5% hydrochloric acid, and hyphae of the pileipellis we have not been able to find in the European litera in Congo Red. Soil samples were collected from the ture (e.g. -
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Southern Brazil – a Literature-Based Review, Their Origin and Potential Hosts
Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/5 Ectomycorrhizal fungi from southern Brazil – a literature-based review, their origin and potential hosts Sulzbacher MA1*, Grebenc, T2, Jacques RJS3 and Antoniolli ZI3 1Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Micologia/CCB, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, CEP: 50670- 901, Recife, PE, Brazil 2Slovenian Forestry Institute Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Solos, CCR Campus Universitário, 971050-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Sulzbacher MA, Grebenc T, Jacques RJS, Antoniolli ZI 2013 – Ectomycorrhizal fungi from southern Brazil – a literature-based review, their origin and potential hosts. Mycosphere 4(1), 61– 95, Doi 10.5943 /mycosphere/4/1/5 A first list of ectomycorrhizal and putative ectomycorrhizal fungi from southern Brazil (the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná), their potential hosts and origin is presented. The list is based on literature and authors observations. Ectomycorrhizal status and putative origin of listed species was assessed based on worldwide published data and, for some genera, deduced from taxonomic position of otherwise locally distributed species. A total of 144 species (including 18 doubtfull species) in 49 genera were recorded for this region, all accompanied with a brief distribution, habitat and substrate data. At least 30 collections were published only to the genus level and require further taxonomic review. Key words – distribution – habitat – mycorrhiza – neotropics – regional list Article Information Received 28 November 2012 Accepted 20 December 2012 Published online 10 February 2013 *Corresponding author: MA Sulzbacher – e-mail – [email protected] Introduction work of Singer & Araújo (1979), Singer et al. -
Grzyby Babiej Góry
ISBN 978-83-64423-86-4 Grzyby Babiej Góry Babiej Grzyby Grzyby Babiej Góry Grzyby Babiej Góry 1 Grzyby Babiej Góry 2 Grzyby Babiej Góry Redaktorzy: Wiesław Mułenko Jan Holeksa 3 Grzyby Babiej Góry Grzyby Babiej Góry Redaktorzy: Wiesław Mułenko Jan Holeksa Recenzent: Prof. dr hab. Wiesław Mułenko Fotografia na okładce: Opieńka miodowa [Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. (s.l.)]. Fot. Marta Piasecka Redakcja techniczna: Maciej Mażul Reprodukcja dzieła w celach komercyjnych, w całości lub we fragmentach jest zabroniona bez pisemnej zgody posiadacza praw autorskich © by Babiogórski Park Narodowy, 2018 PL 34-222 Zawoja, Zawoja Barańcowa 1403 tel. +48 33 8775 110, +48 33 8776 702 fax. +48 33 8775 554 www: bgpn.pl Wrocław-Zawoja 2018 ISBN 978-83-64423-86-4 Wydawca: Grafpol Agnieszka Blicharz-Krupińska Projekt, opracowanie graficzne, skład, łamanie: Grafpol Agnieszka Blicharz-Krupińska ul. Czarnieckiego 1, 53-650 Wrocław, tel. +48 507 096 545 www.argrafpol.pl 4 Spis treści Przedmowa ................................................................................................................................................................7 Grzyby i ich rola w środowisku naturalnym. Wprowadzenie do znajomości grzybów Babiej Góry ......9 Fungi and their role in natural environment. Introduction to the knowledge of fungi at Babia Góra Mt. Monika Kozłowska, Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Mikroskopijne grzyby pasożytujące na roślinach, owadach i grzybach z Babiej Góry ..........................21 Microfungal parasites of plants, insects and fungi -
Mycorrhizal and Saprobic Macrofungi of Two Zinc Wastes in Southern Poland
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 46: 25–38, 2004 MYCORRHIZAL AND SAPROBIC MACROFUNGI OF TWO ZINC WASTES IN SOUTHERN POLAND PIOTR MLECZKO Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Cracow, Poland Received September 30, 2003; revision accepted March 10, 2004 Ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungi of two industrial wastes in southern Poland (calamine spoil in Bolesław and zinc waste in Chrzanów) were studied. Pine (Pinus sylvestris) accompanied by birch (Betula pendula) were present in the investigated area. Fruitbodies of 68 species were recorded, but only 10 were common to both sites. Mycorrhizal species were the most common group on the zinc waste, whereas saprobic fungi prevailed on the calamine spoil. The differences in species composition between sites might be due to differences in plant cover, but also to the toxicity of the material at the sites. Among mycorrhizal species, members of Cortinariaceae and Tricholomataceae were most frequently recorded. Most ectomycorrhizal species had a broad host range, and only a few species known to be associated exclusively with pine or birch were found. Analysis of ectomycorrhizas by classical and molecular (PCR-RFLP) methods revealed that the fungi forming the most abundant fruitbodies were also present in the form of ectomycorrhizas. A few ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi not recorded as fruitbodies were present as pine symbionts. Key words: Industrial waste, calamine spoil, Pinus sylvestris, ectomycorrhizal fungi, saprobic fungi, ectomycorrhizas. INTRODUCTION important for phytostabilization of such places. Their survival may be strongly influenced by effi- Fungi are important components of the soil micro- cient strains of mycorrhizal fungi, and can be further bial consortium. -
182 References
References References Acharya K, Pradhan P (2017) Common Wild Mushrooms of West Bengal: (1-121, i-vi) (Published by West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Kolkata) Adhikari MK (2000) Mushroom of Nepal, Edited by G. Durrieu, PU Printers, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal:236. Agrahar-Murugkar D, Subbulakshmi G (2005) Nutritional value of edible wild mushrooms collected from the Khasi hills Meghalaya. Food Chem 89(4):599-603. Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK (2001) Antioxidant and antiinfammatory activities of methanol extract of Phellinus rimosus. Indian J Exp Biol 39:1166-1169. Akyuz M, Kirbag S (2009) Antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agro-wastes. Eur Asia J Bio Sci 3(8):58-63. Aletor VA, Aladetimi OO (1989) Compositional evaluation of some cowpea varieties and some underutilized edible legumes in Nigeria. Die Nahrun 33:999-1007. Alves MJ, Ferreira ICFR, Froufe HJC, Abreu RMV, Martins A, Pintado M (2013) Antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds identified in wild mushrooms, SAR analysis and docking studies. J Appl Microbiol 115:346-357. Alves MJ, Froufe HJ, Costa AF, Santos AF, Oliveira LG, Osório SR (2014) Docking studies in target proteins involved in antibacterial action mechanisms: Extending the knowledge on standard antibiotics to antimicrobial mushroom compounds. Molecules 19:1672-84. Antioxidants Market—Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2014-2020. Available online: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/antioxidants- market-globalindustry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2014-2020- 300098101.html (accessed on 26 June 2015). Study of Diversity and Antibacterial Potential of Mushroom… 182 References Arthur JC, Perez-Chanona E, Muhlbauer M, Tomkovich S, Uronis JM, Ting-Jia Fan, Bampbell BJ, Abujamel T, Dogan B, Rogers AB (2012) Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota. -
Extinct Species and Potentially Threatened Species
PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 14, Part 1, pp. 77-125 (1989) A preliminary Red Data List of Macrofungi in the Netherlands Eef Arnolds Biological Station, Wijster (Drente), Netherlands An enumeration is presented of species of macrofungi considered to be threatened in the Netherlands. The list comprises 944 species, including 91 (presumably) extinct species and 182 species which are directly threatened with extinction. In addition for each species is if the associated information given on preferential habitat, substrate, possible organ- of habitat estimated before 1950 and after 1970 and isms, way exploitation, frequency in Red Data Lists of other countries. The criteria used for presence European placing a species on the Red Data List are briefly discussed. Some statistical data are presented on contribution of various taxonomic and the list. The the proportional ecological groups to most important causes for the decrease ofthreatened macrofungi are concisely discussed and some measures for conservation of macrofungiare recommended. 1. Introduction In the framework of an expected revision of the national law on nature conservation, the Nature Conservation Council in the Netherlandsintended to make an inventory ofproblems concerning conservation oflower plants (bryophytes, lichens and algae) and fungi. Lists of threatened species will possibly be includedin the new law. For the preparation of these lists ad hoc of and accompanying texts an working group experts was appointed in 1985, in which the and the present author participated proposed text on fungi. The results were published as proposals to the Ministerof Agriculture in 1986 (Natuurbeschermingsraad, 1986) and includ- ed a list of 406 selected threatened fungi (see also Kuyper, 1987).